Demographics of Equatorial Guinea

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Demographics of Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population pyramid of the Equatorial Guinea in 2020
Population1,679,172 (2022 est.)
Growth rate3.5% (2022 est.)
Birth rate29.95 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate8.95 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy63.7 years
  male61.44 years
  female66.03 years
Fertility rate4.26 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate78.33 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate13.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years38.73%
65 and over3.92%
Sex ratio
Total1.15 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.03 male(s)/female
Under 151.08 male(s)/female
65 and over0.87 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityEquatorial Guinean
Major ethnicFang (85.7%)
Language
OfficialSpanish
Evolution of the Equatoguinean population between 1960 and 2017. Population data in hundreds of thousands of inhabitants. Equatorial Guinea population.svg
Evolution of the Equatoguinean population between 1960 and 2017. Population data in hundreds of thousands of inhabitants.

Demographic features of the population of Equatorial Guinea include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Contents

Population

Population, fertility rate and net reproduction rate, United Nations estimates Equatorial Guinea Population 1950-2021 Forecast 2022-2032 UN World Population Prospects 2022.svg
Population, fertility rate and net reproduction rate, United Nations estimates

According to the 2022 revision of the world factbook the total population was 1,679,172 in 2022. [1] The proportion of children below the age of 14 in 2020 was 38.73%, 57.35% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.92% was 65 years or older. [1] [2]

Total population [1] Population aged 0–14 (%)Population aged 15–64 (%)Population aged 65+ (%)
1950226 00034.260.15.6
1955238 00035.759.05.3
1960252 00037.057.95.0
1965269 00038.356.94.8
1970291 00038.756.74.6
1975238 00044.849.85.4
1980221 00043.750.36.0
1985313 00034.760.44.9
1990374 00037.757.84.5
1995443 00041.954.14.1
2000520 00042.653.83.7
2005608 00040.556.23.2
2010700 00039.257.92.9
2020836 17838.757.43.9

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Estimates or projections based on the 2015 population census.): [3]

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total762 309692 4801 454 789100
0–4105 83494 783200 61713.79
5–995 29387 387182 68012.56
10–1480 32467 341147 66510.15
15–1963 88056 442120 3218.27
20–2455 86855 468111 3377.65
25–2969 46757 220126 6878.71
30–3462 19345 737107 9307.42
35–3951 02037 07688 0966.06
40–4445 96034 44980 4095.53
45–4934 78631 33566 1214.55
50–5432 36231 23763 5994.37
55–5919 60722 57742 1832.90
60–6415 81221 21437 0262.55
65-6910 96313 04024 0031.65
70-747 75813 04020 7981.43
75-795 98710 12116 1081.11
80-842 8047 20110 0050.69
85+2 3936 8129 2050.63
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14281 451249 511530 96236.50
15–64450 953392 755843 70858.00
65+29 90550 21480 1195.51

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events is in Equatorial Guinea not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [2]

PeriodLive births per yearDeaths per yearNatural change per yearCBR*CDR*NC*TFR*IMR*
1950–19559 0007 0002 00040.930.410.55.50196
1955–196010 0007 0003 00040.528.711.85.50186
1960–196510 0007 0003 00040.126.913.35.53176
1965–197011 0007 0004 00040.725.315.35.66167
1970–197510 0006 0003 00036.823.713.15.68157
1975–19808 0005 0002 00032.922.210.85.68149
1980–198511 0006 0005 00041.721.420.35.79138
1985–199016 0007 0009 00047.420.426.95.89128
1990–199518 0008 00011 00045.018.726.35.89118
1995–200020 0008 00012 00041.317.224.05.87114
2000–200522 0009 00012 00038.416.322.15.64111
2005–201024 00010 00015 00037.315.122.25.36102
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Fertility and births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR): [4]

YearCBR (Total)TFR (Total)CBR (Urban)TFR (Urban)CBR (Rural)TFR (Rural)
201136.35.1 (4.4)36.54.4 (3.8)36.05.9 (5.1)

Fertility data as of 2011 (DHS Program): [4]

RegionTotal fertility ratePercentage of women age 15–49 currently pregnantMean number of children ever born to women age 40–49
Insular4.38.45.0
Continental5.49.26.0

Life expectancy

PeriodLife expectancy in
Years [5]
1950–195534.48
1955–1960Increase2.svg 35.99
1960–1965Increase2.svg 37.49
1965–1970Increase2.svg 38.99
1970–1975Increase2.svg 40.50
1975–1980Increase2.svg 42.04
1980–1985Increase2.svg 45.54
1985–1990Increase2.svg 47.21
1990–1995Increase2.svg 49.35
1995–2000Increase2.svg 51.75
2000–2005Increase2.svg 53.57
2005–2010Increase2.svg 54.93
2010–2015Increase2.svg 56.84

Ethnic groups

Ethnic groups in Equatorial Guinea [6]
Fang
85.7%
Bubi
6.5%
Ndowe (Playeros)
3.6%
Annobonese
1.6%
Other
1.4%
Bujeba
1.1%
Map of ethnic groups. 1. Fernandino (Malabo city and Luba)
2. Bubi (Bioko Island)
3. Igbo (far northwest)
4. Baka (Acot area)
5. Kwasio/Bujeba (Playeros)
6. Benga (Playeros)
7. Gabonese (Cocobeach City)
8. Annobonese (mixed Portuguese, Angolan, Spanish)
9. Annobonese Creoles (Annobon Island)
10. Fang Equatorial Guinea's ethnic groups.png
Map of ethnic groups. 1. Fernandino (Malabo city and Luba)
2. Bubi (Bioko Island)
3. Igbo (far northwest)
4. Baka (Acot area)
5. Kwasio/Bujeba (Playeros)
6. Benga (Playeros)
7. Gabonese (Cocobeach City)
8. Annobonese (mixed Portuguese, Angolan, Spanish)
9. Annobonese Creoles (Annobon Island)
10. Fang

Peoples considered as natives

The majority of the people of Equatorial Guinea are of Niger-Congo origin. The largest ethnic group, the Fang, are indigenous to the mainland, but substantial migration to Bioko Island has resulted in Fang dominance over the earlier Bubi inhabitants. The Fang constitute 80% of the population and are themselves divided into 67 clans. Those in the northern part of Rio Muni speak Fang-Ntumu, while those in the south speak Fang-Okah; the two dialects are mutually unintelligible. The Bubi, who constitute 15% of the population, are indigenous to Bioko Island.

In addition, there are coastal ethnic groups, collectively referred to as Ndowe or Playeros ("Beach People" in Spanish): Combes, Bujebas, Balengues and Bengas on the mainland and small islands and a Fernandino community of Krio descended people on Bioko. Together, these groups compose 5% of the population.

Two small groups of Pygmies also inhabit the country, the Beyele and the Bokuign, [7] the former being located in the Altos de Nsork region. [8] Their population is dwindling, them being subjected to heavy pressure from their neighbours, who don't even consider them as human. [9]

8,800 black and white mixed race people, named Fernandino peoples, also live in Equatorial Guinea. [10] The Asian Africans, the Fernandino peoples and the White Africans represent 10% of the total population of Equatorial Guinea.

Recently immigrated peoples

Some Europeans (largely of Spanish or Portuguese descent) – among them mixed with African ethnicity – also live in the nation. Most Spaniards left after independence. There is a growing number of foreigners from neighboring Cameroon, Nigeria, and Gabon. Equatorial Guinea received Asians and black Africans from other countries as workers on cocoa and coffee plantations. In the late 20th century, Equatorial Guinea became home to more than 80,000 Hispanics from Mexico, Central America, and other Spanish speaking nations in the Americas. 17,000 [11] Spanish people and 5,000 [12] Chinese people also live in Equatorial Guinea. The non-Africans living in Equatorial Guinea represent almost 10% of the nation's total population. Other black Africans came from Liberia, Angola, and Mozambique, and Asians are mostly Chinese with small numbers of Indians. Equatorial Guinea also allowed many fortune-seeking European settlers of other nationalities, including British, French and Germans. After independence, thousands of Equatorial Guineans went to Spain. Another 100,000 Equatorial Guineans went to Cameroon, Gabon, and Nigeria because of dictatorship of Francisco Macías Nguema. Some of its communities also live in Brazil, United States, Spain, Colombia, Mexico, Argentina, Peru, Portugal, and France.

Languages

Spanish, French and Portuguese are the official languages and spoken as second languages. Spanish is the language of education, and for this reason a majority of the population (about 88%) can speak it, though only about 10–15% have a high competence in the language. [13] Annobonese speak a Portuguese Creole, named Annobonese, as their first language. Asian migrants and descendants of European settlers (mostly Spaniards, Britons and Portuguese) usually speak their ancestral languages along with Spanish. Other Africans usually speak their native languages and their nation's official languages – English and Igbo [14] [15] for Nigerians; English for Cameroonians and Liberians; French for Cameroonians and Gabonese; and Portuguese for Angolans and Mozambicans. The latter was made an official language since July 13, 2007. 82% of first foreign language learners choose the French language and 18% the English language. [16] The Roman Catholic Church has greatly influenced both religion and education.

Languages of traditional names

Equatoguineans tend to have both a Spanish first name and an African first and last name. When written, the Spanish and African first names are followed by the father's first name (which becomes the principal surname) and the mother's first name. Thus people may have up to four names, with a different surname for each generation.

Other demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022. [17]

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook. [18]

Population

1,679,173 (2022 est.)
836,178 (July 2020 est.)
note: 2002 census results claim 1,015,000 residents, although this was most likely inflated in anticipation for the December election. [19]

Languages

Spanish (official) 67.6%, other (includes Fang, Bubi, Portuguese (official), French (official), Portuguese-based Creoles spoken in Ano Bom) 32.4% (1994 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 88%, Protestant 5%, Muslim 2%, other 5% (animist, Baha'i, Jewish) (2015 est.)
Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 5%, Muslim 2%, other 5% (animist, Baha'i, Jewish) (2010 est.) [20]

Age structure

Population pyramid of Equatorial Guinea in 2020 Equatorial Guinea single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population pyramid of Equatorial Guinea in 2020
0-14 years: 38.73% (male 164,417 /female 159,400)
15-24 years: 19.94% (male 84,820 /female 81,880)
25-54 years: 32.72% (male 137,632 /female 135,973)
55-64 years: 4.69% (male 17,252 /female 22,006)
65 years and over: 3.92% (male 13,464 /female 19,334) (2020 est.)

Population growth rate

3.5% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 5th
2.35% (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 29th

Birth rate

29.95 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 30th
30.7 births/1,000 population (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 31st

Death rate

8.95 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 62nd
7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 112th

Total fertility rate

4.19 children born/woman (2023 est.) Country comparison to the world: 20th
4.26 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 24th
4.11 children born/woman (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 29th

Median age

total: 20.3 years. Country comparison to the world: 192nd
male: 19.9 years
female: 20.7 years (2020 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

12.6% (2011)

Net migration rate

13.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 3rd
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 81st

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 72.16 (2022 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 60.5 (2020 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 3.9 (2020 est.)
potential support ratio: 25.5 (2020 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 74% of total population (2022)
rate of urbanization: 3.62% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
urban population: 73.1% of total population (2020)
rate of urbanization: 4.28% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)

Sex ratio


at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 63.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 206th
male: 61.44 years
female: 66.03 years (2022 est.)
total population: 65.7 years (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 192nd
male: 64.4 years (2020 est.)
female: 66.9 years (2020 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)

total population: 95.3% (2015 est.)
male: 97.4% (2015 est.)
female: 93% (2015 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: very high (2020)
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever
animal contact diseases: rabies

See also

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