Demographics of Equatorial Guinea | |
---|---|
Population | 1,679,172 (2022 est.) |
Growth rate | 3.5% (2022 est.) |
Birth rate | 29.95 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Death rate | 8.95 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Life expectancy | 63.7 years |
• male | 61.44 years |
• female | 66.03 years |
Fertility rate | 4.26 children born/woman (2022 est.) |
Infant mortality rate | 78.33 deaths/1,000 live births |
Net migration rate | 13.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Age structure | |
0–14 years | 38.73% |
65 and over | 3.92% |
Sex ratio | |
Total | 1.15 male(s)/female (2022 est.) |
At birth | 1.03 male(s)/female |
Under 15 | 1.08 male(s)/female |
65 and over | 0.87 male(s)/female |
Nationality | |
Nationality | Equatorial Guinean |
Major ethnic | Fang (85.7%) |
Language | |
Official | Spanish |
Demographic features of the population of Equatorial Guinea include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
According to the 2022 revision of the world factbook the total population was 1,679,172 in 2022. [1] The proportion of children below the age of 14 in 2020 was 38.73%, 57.35% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.92% was 65 years or older. [1] [2]
Total population [1] | Population aged 0–14 (%) | Population aged 15–64 (%) | Population aged 65+ (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | 226 000 | 34.2 | 60.1 | 5.6 |
1955 | 238 000 | 35.7 | 59.0 | 5.3 |
1960 | 252 000 | 37.0 | 57.9 | 5.0 |
1965 | 269 000 | 38.3 | 56.9 | 4.8 |
1970 | 291 000 | 38.7 | 56.7 | 4.6 |
1975 | 238 000 | 44.8 | 49.8 | 5.4 |
1980 | 221 000 | 43.7 | 50.3 | 6.0 |
1985 | 313 000 | 34.7 | 60.4 | 4.9 |
1990 | 374 000 | 37.7 | 57.8 | 4.5 |
1995 | 443 000 | 41.9 | 54.1 | 4.1 |
2000 | 520 000 | 42.6 | 53.8 | 3.7 |
2005 | 608 000 | 40.5 | 56.2 | 3.2 |
2010 | 700 000 | 39.2 | 57.9 | 2.9 |
2020 | 836 178 | 38.7 | 57.4 | 3.9 |
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Estimates or projections based on the 2015 population census.): [3]
Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 762 309 | 692 480 | 1 454 789 | 100 |
0–4 | 105 834 | 94 783 | 200 617 | 13.79 |
5–9 | 95 293 | 87 387 | 182 680 | 12.56 |
10–14 | 80 324 | 67 341 | 147 665 | 10.15 |
15–19 | 63 880 | 56 442 | 120 321 | 8.27 |
20–24 | 55 868 | 55 468 | 111 337 | 7.65 |
25–29 | 69 467 | 57 220 | 126 687 | 8.71 |
30–34 | 62 193 | 45 737 | 107 930 | 7.42 |
35–39 | 51 020 | 37 076 | 88 096 | 6.06 |
40–44 | 45 960 | 34 449 | 80 409 | 5.53 |
45–49 | 34 786 | 31 335 | 66 121 | 4.55 |
50–54 | 32 362 | 31 237 | 63 599 | 4.37 |
55–59 | 19 607 | 22 577 | 42 183 | 2.90 |
60–64 | 15 812 | 21 214 | 37 026 | 2.55 |
65–69 | 10 963 | 13 040 | 24 003 | 1.65 |
70–74 | 7 758 | 13 040 | 20 798 | 1.43 |
75–79 | 5 987 | 10 121 | 16 108 | 1.11 |
80–84 | 2 804 | 7 201 | 10 005 | 0.69 |
85+ | 2 393 | 6 812 | 9 205 | 0.63 |
Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
0–14 | 281 451 | 249 511 | 530 962 | 36.50 |
15–64 | 450 953 | 392 755 | 843 708 | 58.00 |
65+ | 29 905 | 50 214 | 80 119 | 5.51 |
Registration of vital events is in Equatorial Guinea not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [2]
Period | Live births per year | Deaths per year | Natural change per year | CBR* | CDR* | NC* | TFR* | IMR* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950–1955 | 9 000 | 7 000 | 2 000 | 40.9 | 30.4 | 10.5 | 5.50 | 196 |
1955–1960 | 10 000 | 7 000 | 3 000 | 40.5 | 28.7 | 11.8 | 5.50 | 186 |
1960–1965 | 10 000 | 7 000 | 3 000 | 40.1 | 26.9 | 13.3 | 5.53 | 176 |
1965–1970 | 11 000 | 7 000 | 4 000 | 40.7 | 25.3 | 15.3 | 5.66 | 167 |
1970–1975 | 10 000 | 6 000 | 3 000 | 36.8 | 23.7 | 13.1 | 5.68 | 157 |
1975–1980 | 8 000 | 5 000 | 2 000 | 32.9 | 22.2 | 10.8 | 5.68 | 149 |
1980–1985 | 11 000 | 6 000 | 5 000 | 41.7 | 21.4 | 20.3 | 5.79 | 138 |
1985–1990 | 16 000 | 7 000 | 9 000 | 47.4 | 20.4 | 26.9 | 5.89 | 128 |
1990–1995 | 18 000 | 8 000 | 11 000 | 45.0 | 18.7 | 26.3 | 5.89 | 118 |
1995–2000 | 20 000 | 8 000 | 12 000 | 41.3 | 17.2 | 24.0 | 5.87 | 114 |
2000–2005 | 22 000 | 9 000 | 12 000 | 38.4 | 16.3 | 22.1 | 5.64 | 111 |
2005–2010 | 24 000 | 10 000 | 15 000 | 37.3 | 15.1 | 22.2 | 5.36 | 102 |
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman) |
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR): [4]
Year | Total | Urban | Rural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CBR | TFR | CBR | TFR | CBR | TFR | |
2011 | 36.3 | 5.1 (4.4) | 36.5 | 4.4 (3.8) | 36.0 | 5.9 (5.1) |
Fertility data as of 2011 (DHS Program): [4]
Region | Total fertility rate | Percentage of women age 15–49 currently pregnant | Mean number of children ever born to women age 40–49 |
---|---|---|---|
Insular | 4.3 | 8.4 | 5.0 |
Continental | 5.4 | 9.2 | 6.0 |
Period | Life expectancy in Years [5] |
---|---|
1950–1955 | 34.48 |
1955–1960 | 35.99 |
1960–1965 | 37.49 |
1965–1970 | 38.99 |
1970–1975 | 40.50 |
1975–1980 | 42.04 |
1980–1985 | 45.54 |
1985–1990 | 47.21 |
1990–1995 | 49.35 |
1995–2000 | 51.75 |
2000–2005 | 53.57 |
2005–2010 | 54.93 |
2010–2015 | 56.84 |
The majority of the people of Equatorial Guinea are of Niger-Congo origin. The largest ethnic group, the Fang, are indigenous to the mainland, but substantial migration to Bioko Island has resulted in Fang dominance over the earlier Bubi inhabitants. The Fang constitute 80% of the population and are themselves divided into 67 clans. Those in the northern part of Rio Muni speak Fang-Ntumu, while those in the south speak Fang-Okah; the two dialects are mutually unintelligible. The Bubi, who constitute 15% of the population, are indigenous to Bioko Island.
In addition, there are coastal ethnic groups, collectively referred to as Ndowe or Playeros ("Beach People" in Spanish): Combes, Bujebas, Balengues and Bengas on the mainland and small islands and a Fernandino community of Krio descended people on Bioko. Together, these groups compose 5% of the population.
Two small groups of Pygmies also inhabit the country, the Beyele and the Bokuign, [7] the former being located in the Altos de Nsork region. [8] Their population is dwindling, them being subjected to heavy pressure from their neighbours, who don't even consider them as human. [9]
8,800 black and white mixed race people, named Fernandino peoples, also live in Equatorial Guinea. The Asian Africans, the Fernandino peoples and the White Africans represent 10% of the total population of Equatorial Guinea.[ citation needed ]
Some Europeans (largely of Spanish or Portuguese descent) – among them mixed with African ethnicity – also live in the nation. Most Spaniards left after independence. There is a growing number of foreigners from neighboring Cameroon, Nigeria, and Gabon. Equatorial Guinea received Asians and black Africans from other countries as workers on cocoa and coffee plantations. In the late 20th century, Equatorial Guinea became home to more than 80,000 Hispanics from Mexico, Central America, and other Spanish speaking nations in the Americas. 17,000 [10] Spanish people and 5,000 [11] Chinese people also live in Equatorial Guinea. The non-Africans living in Equatorial Guinea represent almost 10% of the nation's total population. Other black Africans came from Liberia, Angola, and Mozambique, and Asians are mostly Chinese with small numbers of Indians. Equatorial Guinea also allowed many fortune-seeking European settlers of other nationalities, including British, French and Germans. After independence, thousands of Equatorial Guineans went to Spain. Another 100,000 Equatorial Guineans went to Cameroon, Gabon, and Nigeria because of dictatorship of Francisco Macías Nguema. Some of its communities also live in Brazil, United States, Spain, Colombia, Mexico, Argentina, Peru, Portugal, and France.
Spanish, French and Portuguese are the official languages and spoken as second languages. Spanish is the language of education, and for this reason a majority of the population (about 88%) can speak it. [12] Annobonese speak a Portuguese Creole, named Annobonese, as their first language. Asian migrants and descendants of European settlers (mostly Spaniards, Britons and Portuguese) usually speak their ancestral languages along with Spanish. Other Africans usually speak their native languages and their nation's official languages – English and Igbo [13] [14] for Nigerians; English for Cameroonians and Liberians; French for Cameroonians and Gabonese; and Portuguese for Angolans and Mozambicans. The latter was made an official language since July 13, 2007. 82% of first foreign language learners choose the French language and 18% the English language. [15] The Roman Catholic Church has greatly influenced both religion and education.
Equatoguineans tend to have both a Spanish first name and an African first and last name. When written, the Spanish and African first names are followed by the father's first name (which becomes the principal surname) and the mother's first name. Thus people may have up to four names, with a different surname for each generation.
Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022. [16]
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook. [17]
Spanish (official) 67.6%, other (includes Fang, Bubi, Portuguese (official), French (official), Portuguese-based Creoles spoken in Ano Bom) 32.4% (1994 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2020 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.)
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Equatorial Guinea, officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, is a country on the west coast of Central Africa, with an area of 28,000 square kilometres (11,000 sq mi). Formerly the colony of Spanish Guinea, its post-independence name refers to its location near both the Equator and in the African region of Guinea. As of 2024, the country had a population of 1,795,834, over 85% of whom are members of the Fang people, the country's dominant ethnic group. The Bubi people, indigenous to Bioko, are the second largest group at approximately 6.5% of the population.
The History of Equatorial Guinea is marked by centuries of colonial domination by the Portuguese, British and Spanish colonial empires, and by the local kingdoms.
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Malabo is the capital of Equatorial Guinea and the province of Bioko Norte. It is located on the north coast of the island of Bioko. In 2018, the city had a population of approximately 297,000 inhabitants.
Equatorial Guinea's culture has been less documented than most African countries, and commercial recordings remain scarce.
The Bubi people are a Bantu ethnic group of Central Africa who are indigenous to Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Once the majority group in the region, the population experienced a sharp decline due to war and disease during Portuguese expeditions. By the end of Spanish colonial rule in the mid 20th century, and after substantial intermarriage with newly introduced populations, such as Afro-Cubans, Krio people, Portuguese people and Spaniards, the Bubi people, again, experienced a great decline in number. Seventy-five percent perished due to tribal/clan rooted political genocide during a civil war that led to Spanish Guinea's independence from Spain. This, too, sparked mass exodus from their homeland with most of the exiles and refugees immigrating into Spain. The indigenous Bubi of Bioko Island have since co-existed with non-indigenous Krio Fernandinos; and members of the Fang ethnic group, who have immigrated in large numbers from Río Muni. Once numbering approximately 3 million, the Bubi currently number around 100,000 worldwide.
Spanish Guinea was a set of insular and continental territories controlled by Spain from 1778 in the Gulf of Guinea and on the Bight of Bonny, in Central Africa. It gained independence in 1968 as Equatorial Guinea.
The Fernandino people are creoles, multi-ethnic or multi-racial populations who developed in Equatorial Guinea. Their name is derived from the island of Fernando Pó, where many worked. This island was named for the Portuguese explorer Fernão do Pó, credited with discovering the region.
Bioko is an island of Equatorial Guinea. It is located 32 km (20 mi) south of the coast of Cameroon, and 160 km (99 mi) northwest of the northernmost part of mainland Equatorial Guinea. Malabo, on the north coast of the island, is the capital city of Equatorial Guinea. Its population was 335,048 at the 2015 census and it covers an area of 2,017 km2 (779 sq mi). The island is part of the Cameroon line of volcanoes and is located off the Cameroon coast, in the Bight of Biafra portion of the Gulf of Guinea. Its geology is volcanic; its highest peak is Pico Basile at 3,012 m (9,882 ft).
This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2006 edition.)