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The Constitution of Equatorial Guinea (Spanish : Ley Fundamental de Guinea Ecuatorial) is the basic document of that country. It was approved in 1991 and amended in 1995. [1] In 2011, a referendum was held on a series of constitutional amendments. [2]
Equatorial Guinea, officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, is a country on the west coast of Central Africa, with an area of 28,000 square kilometres (11,000 sq mi). Formerly the colony of Spanish Guinea, its post-independence name evokes its location near both the Equator and the Gulf of Guinea. As of 2021, the country had a population of 1,468,777.
The History of Equatorial Guinea is marked by centuries of colonial domination by the Portuguese, British and Spanish colonial empires, and by the local kingdoms.
Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo is an Equatoguinean politician and former military officer who has served as the 2nd president of Equatorial Guinea since August 1979. He is the longest-serving president of any country ever and the second-longest consecutively-serving current non-royal national leader in the world.
Annobón, and formerly as Anno Bom and Annabona, is a province of Equatorial Guinea consisting of the island of Annobón, formerly also Pigalu and Pagalu, and its associated islets in the Gulf of Guinea. According to the 2015 census, Annobón had 5,314 inhabitants, a small population increase from the 5,008 registered by the 2001 census. The official language is Spanish but most of the inhabitants speak a creole form of Portuguese. The island's main industries are fishing and forestry.
Equatorial Guinea is a Christian majority country, with Islam being a minority religion. Due to the secular nature of the country's constitution, Muslims are free to proselytize and build places of worship in the country.
A constitutional referendum was held in Spanish Guinea on 11 August 1968, in order to prepare the country for independence from Francoist Spain. The new constitution would create a presidential republic with a 35-seat unicameral parliament, and was supported by 64.32% of voters with a turnout of 91.7%. Elections were held according to the new constitution in September.
A constitutional referendum was held in Equatorial Guinea on 29 July 1973. The new constitution would make the country a one-party state with the newly formed United National Workers' Party as the sole legal party. The officially reported results indicated that the change was approved by 99% of voters.
A constitutional referendum was held in Equatorial Guinea on 15 August 1982 following the overthrow and execution of Francisco Macías Nguema in the 1979 coup d'état. The new constitution replaced the 1973 document and appointed Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo president for seven years, as well as making provisions for the protection of human rights and limited political representation. It was passed by 95.8% of voters with a 93.5% turnout.
A constitutional referendum was held in Equatorial Guinea on 16 November 1991. The new constitution would replace the one-party state with multi-party politics. It was approved by 98.4% of voters with a 94.3% turnout.
A constitutional referendum was held in Equatorial Guinea on 13 November 2011. It allowed the incumbent President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo to run for at least two more seven-year terms as well as establish the post of Vice-President, widely expected to be given to his son Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue in preparation of dynastic succession.
The vice president of Equatorial Guinea is the second highest political position obtainable in Equatorial Guinea. Following the 2011 constitutional reform, there is a provision for two vice presidents who are appointed by the president of Equatorial Guinea.
Legislative elections were held in Equatorial Guinea on 26 May 2013, alongside local elections. Following constitutional reforms approved in a 2011 referendum, they were the first elections in which the newly established Senate is elected. The ruling Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea won all but one seat in both houses of Parliament.
Presidential elections were held in Equatorial Guinea on 24 April 2016. In a vote initially scheduled for November but brought forward by seven months, incumbent President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo retained his office with 93.7 percent of the vote.
Guinea has had four constitutions. The latest constitution was approved by referendum on 19 April 2010 and formally adopted on 7 May. However, it was later dissolved on 5 September 2021, following the 2021 Guinean coup.
Equatorial Guinea–Venezuela relations refers to international relations between Equatorial Guinea and Venezuela. In both countries the official language is Spanish and they have an important economic activity based on oil extraction.
The Constitution of Equatorial Guinea of 1968, was promulgated with a view to the independence of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea on October 12, 1968. It is the first Constitution promulgated in Equatorial Guinea, in addition to being a text that enshrines liberal democracy, popular sovereignty, freedom of religion and the right of self-determination, when in Spain it is still the regime of Francisco Franco was in force.
The 1973 Constitution of Equatorial Guinea was the country's second constitution. It was submitted, without the participation of international observers, to a popular referendum on July 29, 1973, obtaining 99% of votes in favor. and subsequently published in the Official Gazette in August of the same year, under the government of Francisco Macías.
The 1982 Constitution of Equatorial Guinea was the country's third constitution. Following the 1979 military coup that removed Francisco Macías Nguema from the presidency, a popular referendum obtained 95.8% of votes in favor of the new Constitution in August 1982. The Constitution, which the United Nations helped draft, added provisions for human rights, outlined a new free-market economy for the country, and nominally restored national elections.
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