Foreign relations of Equatorial Guinea

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The government's official policy is one of nonalignment. In its search for assistance to meet the goal of national reconstruction, the government of Equatorial Guinea has established diplomatic relations with numerous European and Third World countries. Having achieved independence under UN sponsorship, Equatorial Guinea feels a special kinship with that organization. It became the 126th UN member on November 12, 1968. Equatorial Guinea served as a non-permanent member on the United Nations Security Council from 2017 to 2019.

Contents

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Equatorial Guinea maintains diplomatic relations with:

Diplomatic relations of Equatorial Guinea.svg
#CountryDate [1]
1Flag of Spain.svg Spain 12 October 1968 [2]
2Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt 12 October 1968 [3]
3Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon 27 October 1968 [4]
4Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland 4 November 1968 [5]
5Flag of Japan.svg Japan 12 November 1968 [6]
6Flag of the United States.svg United States 21 November 1968 [7]
7Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines 28 November 1968 [8]
8Flag of Russia.svg Russia 7 December 1968 [9]
9Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon 1968 [10]
10Flag of India.svg India 1968 [11]
11Flag of Israel.svg Israel 1968 [12]
12Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 1968 [13] [ failed verification ]
13Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria 25 January 1969 [14]
14Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea 30 January 1969 [15]
15Flag of France.svg France 10 July 1969 [16]
16Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 1969 [17]
17Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden 1969 [18]
18Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary 18 February 1970 [19]
19Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia 18 May 1970 [20]
20Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic 22 July 1970 [21]
21Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 15 October 1970 [22]
22Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia 1970 [23]
23Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana 4 June 1971 [24]
24Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of the Congo 12 July 1971 [25]
25Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria 15 September 1971 [26]
26Flag of Chile.svg Chile 8 November 1971 [27]
27Flag of Romania.svg Romania 9 March 1972 [28]
28Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam 1 September 1972 [29]
29Flag of Albania.svg Albania 30 November 1972 [30] [31]
30Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba 27 December 1972 [32]
31Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia 1972 [33]
32Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina 26 April 1974 [34]
33Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic 24 January 1975 [35]
34Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil 26 May 1975 [36]
35Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 26 September 1975 [37]
36Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde 1975 [38]
37Flag of Austria.svg Austria 1 March 1976 [39]
38Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal 9 March 1977 [40]
39Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea 1977 [41]
40Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria 9 November 1978 [42]
41Flag of Poland.svg Poland 29 May 1979 [43]
42Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea 14 September 1979 [44]
43Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco 17 April 1980 [45]
44Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada 20 August 1980 [46]
45Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador 8 September 1980 [47]
46Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 16 September 1980 [48] [49]
47Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia 1980 [50]
48Flag of Benin.svg Benin 10 April 1981 [51]
49Flag of Peru.svg Peru 28 April 1981 [52]
50Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica April 1981 [53]
51Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia 6 May 1981 [54]
52Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela 7 May 1981 [55]
53Flag of Panama.svg Panama 13 May 1981 [56]
54Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay 15 September 1981 [57]
Flag of Vatican City (2023-present).svg Holy See 24 December 1981 [58]
55Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe 1981 [59]
56Flag of Angola.svg Angola 1982 [60]
57Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone March 1983 [61]
58Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua 20 September 1984
59Flag of Italy.svg Italy 8 March 1985 [62]
60Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia 21 October 1987
61Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait 1988 [63]
62Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan 9 October 1990 [64]
63Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand 15 February 1991 [65]
64Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine 18 May 1992 [66]
65Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia 19 May 1992 [67]
66Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus 25 May 1992 [68]
67Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan 8 December 1992 [69]
68Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles 14 April 1993
69Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa 5 May 1993 [70]
70Flag of Mali.svg Mali 4 November 1993 [71]
71Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso 1993 [72]
Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg Sovereign Military Order of Malta 16 July 1996 [73]
72Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia 7 December 1997 [74]
73Flag of Iran.svg Iran 20 July 1998 [75]
74Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic 24 November 1999 [76]
75Flag of Libya.svg Libya 11 February 2001 [77]
76Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia November 2001 [78]
77Flag of North Macedonia.svg North Macedonia 9 July 2002
78Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg 9 October 2003 [79]
79Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius 26 May 2004
80Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe 2 June 2004 [80]
81Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland 10 September 2004
82Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan 11 November 2004
83Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay 3 November 2005
84Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala 8 December 2006
85Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana 13 December 2006 [81]
86Flag of Norway.svg Norway 30 March 2007 [82]
87Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia 18 October 2007
88Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia 18 December 2007
89Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus 29 February 2008
90Flag of Finland.svg Finland 30 April 2008
91Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti 24 June 2008 [83]
Flag of Palestine.svg State of Palestine 11 July 2008 [84]
92Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia 13 November 2008
93Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon 21 November 2008
94Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco 16 June 2009 [85]
95Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia 23 July 2009
96Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina 24 February 2010
97Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia 26 May 2010
98Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia 23 June 2010
99Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia 30 June 2010
100Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda 29 July 2010 [86]
101Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast 12 August 2010 [87]
102Flag of Germany.svg Germany 6 September 2010 [88]
103Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique 13 July 2011 [89]
104Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia 3 August 2011 [90]
105Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji 6 October 2011
106Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia 12 October 2011 [91]
107Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname 12 January 2012
108Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi 23 May 2012 [92]
109Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros 29 August 2012 [93]
110Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania 6 October 2012 [94]
111Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia 20 February 2014
112Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark 7 November 2014 [95]
113Flag of East Timor.svg Timor-Leste 2014 [96]
114Flag of Eswatini.svg Eswatini 19 February 2015 [97]
115Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica 18 May 2015
116Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan 8 October 2015 [98]
117Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia 22 September 2016 [99]
118Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo 7 October 2016 [100]
119Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan 19 December 2016 [101]
120Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan 24 May 2017
121Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda 19 February 2018 [102]
122Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore 11 April 2018
123Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia 19 April 2018 [103]
124Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives 21 May 2018
125Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan 21 May 2018
126Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti 9 October 2018 [104]
127Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau 22 November 2018 [105]
128Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein 2018 [106]
129Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal 30 April 2019
130Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates 13 July 2019 [107]
131Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg Honduras 31 July 2020 [108]
132Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar 7 April 2021
133Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh 7 April 2022 [109]
134Flag of The Gambia.svg Gambia 29 May 2022 [110]
135Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador 18 September 2023 [111]
136Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis 22 September 2023 [112]
137Flag of Oman.svg Oman 1 April 2024
138Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain 24 September 2024
139Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan 17 January 2025
140Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania 28 March 2025 [113] [114]
141Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Unknown
142Flag of Chad.svg Chad Unknown
143Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo Unknown
144Flag of Greece.svg Greece Unknown
145Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq Unknown
146Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya Unknown
147Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova Unknown [115]
148Flag of Niger.svg Niger Unknown
149Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal Unknown

Bilateral relations

Africa

CountryFormal relations establishedNotes
Flag of Angola.svg Angola
  • Angola has an embassy in Malabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Luanda.
Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon 27 October 1968

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1968 [116]

Equatorial Guinea has cordial relations with neighbouring Cameroon, although there was criticism in Cameroon in 2000 about perceived mistreatment of Cameroonians working in Equatorial Guinea. Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea have an unresolved maritime border dispute. The majority Fang ethnic group of mainland Equatorial Guinea extends both north and south into the forests of Cameroon and Gabon. Cameroon exports some food products to Equatorial Guinea and imports oil from Equatorial Guinea for its refinery at nearby Limbe.

In December 2008, Equatorial Guinea security forces killed a Cameroonian fisherman and abducted two immigrants, Cameroon closed its border in response. [117]

  • Cameroon has an embassy in Malabo and a consulate in Bata.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Yaoundé and a consulates-general in Ebolowa and Douala.
Flag of Chad.svg Chad
  • Chad has an embassy in Malabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in N'Djamena.
Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Congo-Brazzaville 12 July 1971Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 July 1971 when first Ambassador of Equatorial Guinea to People's Republic of the Congo Mr. Clemente Aqueda presented his cedentials to President Ngouabi [118]
  • Congo-Brazzavile has an embassy in Malabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Brazzaville.
Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt 15 April 1969
  • Egypt has an embassy in Malabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Cairo.
Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon 1968Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1968 [10]
  • Gabon has an embassy in Malabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Libreville and a consulate-general in Oyem.
Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana 1968
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Accra.
  • Ghana has an embassy in Malabo.
Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco 1978Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1978 [119]
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Rabat.
  • Morocco has an embassy in Malabo.
Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria 25 January 1969

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1969 [14]

Equatorial Guinea has warmer relations with Nigeria, and the Nigerian President made an official visit to Malabo in 2001. The two countries have delineated their offshore borders, which will facilitate development of nearby gas fields. In addition, many Nigerians work in Equatorial Guinea, as do immigrants from Cameroon and some West African states.

  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and consulates-general in Calabar and Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Malabo and a consulate in Bata.
Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in São Tomé.
  • São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Malabo.
Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa 5 May 1993Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1993 [120]
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Pretoria.
  • South Africa has an embassy in Malabo.

Americas

CountryFormal relations establishedNotes
Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina 26 April 1974Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 April 1974. [121]
  • Argentina is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Argentina from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil 26 May 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 May 1975 [36]
  • Brazil has an embassy in Malabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Brasília.
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada 20 August 1980Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 August 1980 [122]
  • Canada is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its high commission in Abuja, Nigeria. [123]
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Canada from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
Flag of Chile.svg Chile 9 November 1971Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 November 1971 [124]
  • Chile is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia 6 May 1981Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 May 1981 [125]
  • Colombia is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba 27 December 1972Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 December 1972 [32]
  • Cuba has an embassy in Malabo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Havana.
Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 26 September 1975See Equatorial Guinea–Mexico relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 1975 [37]

  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States. [126]
  • Mexico is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria. [127]
Flag of the United States.svg United States 21 November 1968See Equatorial Guinea–United States relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 November 1968, diplomatic relations suspension from 14 March 1976 to 19 December 1979. [128]

Embassy of Equatorial Guinea in Washington, D.C. Embassy of Equatorial Guinea - Washington, D.C.jpg
Embassy of Equatorial Guinea in Washington, D.C.

In 1995, the United States closed its embassy, ostensibly for budget reasons, though the ambassador of the time had been accused of witchcraft, and had criticised the human rights situation. In 1996, offshore oil began flowing, and, with several US oil companies present in the country, the US reopened the embassy in October 2003. The US has sought to encourage the progress of human rights to the country by addressing its concerns directly to the government, as well as holding seminars for better police conduct and judicial conferences with US judges to improve the rule of law. [129] The US State Department on relations between United States and Equatorial Guinea remarks:"Equatorial Guinea’s hydrocarbon riches dwarf all other economic activity; the country’s oil reserves are located mainly in the Gulf of Guinea. U.S. oil companies are one of Equatorial Guinea’s largest investors, and they have a lead role in oil and gas exploration and extraction. Equatorial Guinea’s exports to the U.S. are dominated by petroleum products. In an effort to attract increased U.S. investment, U.S. passport-holders are entitled to visa-free entry. Imports from the U.S. include machinery, iron and steel products, optic and medical instruments, and inorganic chemical and rare earth minerals. The U.S. is following closely Equatorial Guinea’s discussions with The International Monetary Fund on a possible program aiming to reduce the fiscal deficit, increase non-oil revenue, address public financial management weaknesses (while protecting social spending), and improve governance and transparency in public administration and the hydrocarbon sector." [130]

Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela 7 May 1981See Equatorial Guinea–Venezuela relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 May 1981 [55]

  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Caracas.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Malabo.

Asia

CountryFormal relations establishedNotes
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 15 October 1970See China–Equatorial Guinea relations

The People's Republic of China and the Republic of Equatorial Guinea established diplomatic relations on October 15, 1970. [22]

  • China has an embassy in Malabo and a consulate-general in Bata.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Beijing.
Flag of India.svg India 1968See Equatorial Guinea–India relations
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in New Delhi.
  • India has an embassy in Malabo.
Flag of Israel.svg Israel 1968 [12]
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Tel Aviv.
  • Israel is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Flag of Japan.svg Japan 20 October 1980Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 October 1980 [133]
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Japan from its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • Japan is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Libreville, Gabon.
Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea 30 January 1969See Equatorial Guinea–North Korea relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 January 1969 [134]

  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to North Korea from its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • North Korea has an embassy in Malabo.
Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea 14 September 1979Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 September 1979 [135]
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to South Korea from its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • South Korea is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Libreville, Gabon.
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 16 September 1980See Equatorial Guinea–Turkey relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 September 1980 [48] [49]

  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Ankara. [136]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Malabo. [136]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$23.8 million in 2019 (Guinean exports/imports: 3.6/20.2 million USD). [136]
  • There are direct flights from Istanbul to Malabo since 7 February 2020. [136]

Europe

CountryFormal relations establishedNotes
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium
  • Belgium is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Kinshasa, DR Congo.
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Brussels.
Flag of France.svg France 10 July 1969

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1969 [137]

Equatorial Guinea is member of the Central African Economic and Monetary Union (CEMAC), which includes Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, and Gabon. It also is a member of the Franc zone. Parallel to the Equatoguinean rapprochement with its Francophone neighbors, France's role has significantly increased following Equatorial Guinea's entry into the CFA Franc Zone and the BEAC. French technical advisers work in the finance and planning ministries, and agreements have been signed for infrastructure development projects.

  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Paris.
  • France has an embassy in Malabo.
Flag of Germany.svg Germany 7 June 1969See Equatorial Guinea–Germany relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 June 1969 [138]

  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Germany has an embassy in Malabo.
Flag of Poland.svg Poland 29 May 1979Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 May 1979 [43]
  • Equatorial Guinea is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Poland is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal 9 May 1977Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 May 1977 [139]
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy in Malabo.
Flag of Russia.svg Russia 7 December 1968See Equatorial Guinea–Russia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 1968 [9]

  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Moscow.
  • Russia is accredited to Equatorial Guinea from its embassy in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Flag of Spain.svg Spain 12 October 1968See Equatorial Guinea–Spain relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 October 1968 [140]

A transitional agreement, signed in October 1968, implemented a Spanish preindependence decision to assist Equatorial Guinea and provided for the temporary maintenance of Spanish military forces there. A dispute with President Francisco Macías Nguema in 1969 led to a request that all Spanish troops immediately depart, and many civilians left at the same time. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were never broken but were suspended by Spain in March 1977 in the wake of renewed disputes. After Macías' fall in 1979, President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo asked for Spanish assistance, and since then, Spain has regained influence in Equatorial Guinea's diplomatic relations. The two countries signed permanent agreements for economic and technical cooperation, private concessions, and trade relations. President Obiang made an official visit to Madrid in March 2001, and senior Spanish Foreign Ministry officials visited Malabo during 2001 as well. Spain maintained a bilateral assistance program in Equatorial Guinea. Some Equato-Guinean opposition elements are based in Spain to the annoyance of the government in Malabo.

  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Madrid and a consulate in Las Palmas. [141]
  • Spain has an embassy in Malabo and a consulate-general in Bata. [142]
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 20 June 1969 Foreign relations of the United Kingdom

The UK established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 20 June 1969. [13] [ failed verification ]

  • Equatorial Guinea does not maintain an embassy in the United Kingdom; the Equatoguinean government closed its embassy in London. [143]
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to Equatorial Guinea through an embassy; the UK develops relations through its high commission in Yaoundé, Cameroon. [144]

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact. [145]

See also

References

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