Foreign relations of the Comoros

In November 1975, Comoros became the 143rd member of the United Nations. The new nation was defined as consisting of the entire archipelago, despite the fact that France maintains control over Mayotte.

Overview

Comoros also is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, the European Development Fund, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Indian Ocean Commission, and the African Development Bank.

The government fostered close relationships with the more conservative (and oil-rich) Arab states, such as Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. ^[1] It frequently received aid from those countries and the regional financial institutions they influenced, such as the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa and the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development. ^[1] In October 1993, Comoros joined the League of Arab States, after having been rejected when it applied for membership initially in 1977. ^[1]

Regional relations generally were good. ^[1] In 1985 Madagascar, Mauritius, and Seychelles agreed to admit Comoros as the fourth member of the Indian Ocean Commission (IOC), an organization established in 1982 to encourage regional cooperation. ^[1] In 1993 Mauritius and Seychelles had two of the five embassies in Moroni, and Mauritius and Madagascar were connected to the republic by regularly scheduled commercial flights. ^[1]

In November 1975, Comoros became the 143d member of the UN. In the 1990s, the republic continued to represent Mahoré in the UN. ^[1] Comoros was also a member of the OAU, the EDF, the World Bank, the IMF, the IOC, and the African Development Bank. ^[1]

Comoros thus cultivated relations with various nations, both East and West, seeking to increase trade and obtain financial assistance. ^[1] In 1994, however, it was increasingly facing the need to control its expenditures and reorganize its economy so that it would be viewed as a sounder recipient of investment. ^[1] Comoros also confronted domestically the problem of the degree of democracy the government was prepared to grant to its citizens, a consideration that related to its standing in the world community. ^[1]

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which the Comoros maintains diplomatic relations with:

#	Country	Date
1	China	13 November 1975 [2]
2	North Korea	13 November 1975 [3]
3	Syria	25 November 1975 [4]
4	Russia	6 January 1976 [5]
5	Libya	1 April 1976 [6]
6	Kuwait	3 May 1976 [7]
7	Iraq	1 June 1976 [8]
8	Czech Republic	7 June 1976 [9]
9	Egypt	28 June 1976 [10]
10	India	June 1976 [11]
11	Senegal	10 July 1976 [12]
12	Romania	12 August 1976 [13]
—	Iran (suspended)	September 1976 [14]
13	Italy	1 November 1976 [15]
14	Madagascar	12 November 1976 [16]
15	Belgium	15 November 1976 [17]
16	Serbia	24 November 1976 [18]
17	Cuba	21 December 1976 [19]
18	Tanzania	1976 [20]
19	Tunisia	1976 [21]
20	Netherlands	21 February 1977 [22]
21	Switzerland	1 March 1977 [23]
22	United Arab Emirates	2 June 1977 [24]
23	Bulgaria	6 June 1977 [25]
24	Poland	6 June 1977 [26]
25	Canada	16 June 1977 [27]
26	United States	15 August 1977 [28]
27	United Kingdom	3 October 1977 [29]
28	Japan	14 November 1977 [30]
29	Hungary	30 November 1977 [31]
30	Finland	19 December 1977 [32]
31	Sweden	1977 [33]
32	Luxembourg	1 February 1978 [34]
33	Germany	2 February 1978 [35]
34	France	3 July 1978 [36]
35	Morocco	1978 [37]
36	South Korea	19 February 1979 [38]
37	Algeria	27 February 1979 [39]
38	Turkey	22 August 1979 [40]
39	Oman	9 January 1981 [41]
40	Guinea	11 August 1981 [42]
41	Denmark	1 December 1981 [43]
42	Nigeria	5 November 1982 [44]
43	Spain	1 March 1983 [45]
44	Indonesia	19 March 1983 [46]
45	Maldives	20 July 1983 [47]
46	Australia	27 July 1983 [48]
47	Pakistan	19 October 1983 [49]
48	Djibouti	29 March 1984 [50]
49	Bahrain	1984 [51]
50	Saudi Arabia	1984 [52]
51	Yemen	6 January 1985 [53] [54]
52	Mauritius	25 February 1985 [55]
53	Mozambique	20 June 1985 [56]
54	Singapore	24 August 1985 [57]
55	Thailand	15 July 1986 [32]
56	Seychelles	30 June 1988 [58]
57	Argentina	28 September 1988 [32]
58	Colombia	3 October 1988 [32]
59	Bolivia	3 April 1989 [59]
60	Venezuela	26 October 1990 [60]
—	State of Palestine	1990 [61]
61	Bosnia and Herzegovina	10 December 1992 [62]
62	South Africa	14 May 1993 [63]
63	Ukraine	23 July 1993 [64]
64	Portugal	27 December 1996 [32]
65	Brunei	16 February 1999 [32]
66	Croatia	29 June 1999 [65]
67	North Macedonia	29 June 2000 [66]
68	Malaysia	2000 [67]
69	Iceland	29 October 2004 [32]
70	Angola	22 December 2004 [68]
71	Brazil	25 March 2005 [69]
72	Uzbekistan	21 May 2005 [70]
73	Zambia	22 February 2007 [71]
74	Austria	8 March 2007 [72]
75	Armenia	2 July 2008 [32]
76	Andorra	8 July 2008 [32]
77	Mexico	13 October 2008 [32]
78	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	24 September 2008 [32]
79	Uruguay	14 May 2009 [73]
80	Azerbaijan	1 January 2010 [32]
81	Cambodia	22 February 2010 [32]
82	Latvia	24 February 2010 [74]
83	Georgia	26 March 2010 [32]
84	Estonia	30 November 2010 [75]
85	Montenegro	9 February 2011 [32]
86	Solomon Islands	14 February 2011 [32]
87	Slovenia	25 April 2011 [32]
88	Sudan	16 August 2011 [76]
89	Philippines	25 November 2011 [77]
90	Mongolia	5 December 2011 [32]
91	Kazakhstan	29 March 2012 [32]
92	Tuvalu	5 April 2012 [32]
93	Equatorial Guinea	28 June 2012 [78]
94	Lithuania	26 September 2013 [32]
95	Fiji	7 November 2013 [32]
96	Bangladesh	14 October 2014 [79]
97	Ghana	5 July 2015 [80]
98	Vietnam	24 September 2015 [32]
99	Ecuador	15 October 2015 [32]
100	Ivory Coast	16 February 2016 [81]
101	Mali	16 February 2016 [82]
102	Mauritania	19 October 2016 [83]
103	Slovakia	6 June 2017 [84]
104	Benin	17 May 2018 [85]
105	South Sudan	17 May 2018 [86]
106	Tajikistan	17 August 2018 [32]
107	Jordan	2 September 2018 [87]
108	Botswana	26 September 2018 [32]
109	Uganda	24 October 2018 [88]
110	Norway	28 June 2019 [89]
111	Nicaragua	18 September 2019 [32]
112	Niger	21 November 2020 [90]
113	Ireland	6 October 2021 [91]
114	Gambia	11 October 2021 [92]
115	Namibia	20 October 2021 [93]
116	Rwanda	16 January 2023 [94]
117	Republic of the Congo	3 February 2023 [95]
118	Kenya	1 September 2023 [96]
119	Burkina Faso	Unknown
120	Burundi	Unknown
121	Democratic Republic of the Congo	Unknown
122	Ethiopia	Unknown
123	Greece	Unknown
124	Lebanon	Unknown
125	Somalia	Unknown [97]

Bilateral relations

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Belgium	15 November 1976	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 November 1976 [98] Comoros maintains an embassy in Brussels. [99]
China	13 November 1975	See China–Comoros relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 November 1975 [100] Comoros also hosted an embassy of China, which established relations during the Soilih regime. [1] The Chinese had long been a source of aid and apparently wished to maintain contact with Comoros to counterbalance Indian and Soviet (later Russian) influence in the Indian Ocean. [1] In August 2008, a Comorian delegation visited China on a good-will visit. Together with the Chinese defense minister Liang Guanglie, and Chief of Staff of the Comoros armed forces Salimou Mohamed Amiri, pledged to increase cooperation between the military of the two nations. Amiri stated that Comoros will continue to adhere to the One-China policy. [101] A comprehensive Chinese-assisted treatment campaign has apparently eliminated malaria from the Comorian island of Moheli (population 36,000). Administered by Li Guoqiao at the Tropical Medicine Institute, the program relies on hybrid Artemisia annua of hybrid ancestry, which was used for a drug regimen by which all residents of the island, whether or not visibly ill, took two doses at a 40-day interval. This eliminated the human reservoir of the disease and reduced hospital admissions to 1% or less of January 2008 levels. Visitors to Moheli are now required to take antimalarial drugs, a mix of artemisinin, primaquine and pyrimethamine that China provides for free. When asked about Artemisia exports, Li was quoted, "We want to grow them in China and whatever we export depends on bilateral relationships." Comoros has requested a similar program for Grande Comore and Anjouan, total population 760,000, and Li said that Beijing has agreed in principle. [102] [103]
Democratic Republic of Congo		The countries maintain diplomatic relations and Congolese President Félix Tshisekedi visited Comoros in 2023. [104]
Cyprus		Cyprus is represented in Comoros by its embassy in Pretoria. [105]
Denmark	1 December 1981 [106]	Denmark is represented in Comoros by its embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. [107]
Finland	19 December 1977	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 December 1977 [108] Comoros is represented in Finland by its embassy in Paris, France. [109]
France	1 July 1978	See France–Comoros relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1978 [110] Comoros' most significant international relationship is that with France. [1] The three years of estrangement following the unilateral declaration of independence and the nationalistic Soilih regime were followed during the conservative Abdallah and Djohar regimes by a period of growing trade, aid, cultural, and defense links between the former colony and France, punctuated by frequent visits to Paris by the head of state and occasional visits by the French president to Moroni. [1] The leading military power in the region, France has detachments on Mahoré and Réunion, and its Indian Ocean fleet sails the waters around the islands. [1] France and Comoros signed a mutual security treaty in 1978; following the mercenary coup against Abdallah in 1989, French troops restored order and took responsibility for reorganizing and training the Comorian army. [1] With Mahoré continuing to gravitate politically and economically toward France, and Comoros increasingly dependent on the French for help with its own considerable social, political, and economic problems, the issue of Mahoré diminished somewhat in urgency. [1] Comoros claims French-administered Mayotte & the Glorioso Islands.
India	4 June 1976	See Comoros–India relations Both countries established diplomatic relations in June 1976. [111] Both countries are full members of the Indian-Ocean Rim Association.
Indonesia	23 June 1983	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 June 1983 [112] Indonesia is represented in Comoros by their embassy in Dar es Salaam. [113] Both countries are full members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and of the Indian-Ocean Rim Association.
Ireland	24 October 2018	Ireland is represented in Comoros by its embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. [114]
Italy	1 November 1976	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 November 1976 [115] Comoros is represented in Italy by its embassy in Paris, France [116] and an honorary consulate in Rome. [116] Italy is represented in Comoros by its embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania [117] and an honorary consulate in Anjouan. [118]
Japan	14 November 1977 [119]	Comorian relations with Japan were also significant because Japan was the second largest provider of aid, consisting of funding for fisheries, food, and highway development. [1]
Libya	1 April 1976	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 April 1976 [120]
Malaysia	2000	Both countries established diplomatic relations in 2000. [121]
Mexico	13 October 2008	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 October 2008 [122] The Comoros does not have an accreditation to Mexico. Mexico is accredited to the Comoros from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. [123]
Morocco		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations and signed 11 agreements in 2022. [124]
Netherlands	21 February 1977	Comoros is represented in Netherlands by their embassy in Brussels, Belgium. [125] The Netherlands are represented in Comoros by their embassy in Dar es Salaam. [126]
Niger		The two countries maintain cordial relations. [127]
North Korea		See Comoros–North Korea relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on November 13, 1975. [128]
Qatar		See Comoros–Qatar relations Comoros severed the diplomatic relations with Qatar in June 2017. [129]
Saudi Arabia		Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Comoros. [130]
Serbia	24 November 1976	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 November 1976. [131] Serbia is represented in Comoros by its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. [132] [133]
South Africa	14 May 1993	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 May 1993 [134] The close relationship Comoros developed with South Africa in the 1980s was much less significant to both countries in the 1990s. [1] With the reform of its apartheid government, South Africa no longer needed Comoros as evidence of its ostensible ability to enjoy good relations with a black African state; the end of the Cold War had also diminished Comoros' strategic value to Pretoria. [1] Although South Africa continued to provide developmental aid, it closed its consulate in Moroni in 1992. [1] Since the 1989 coup and subsequent expulsion of South African-financed mercenaries, Comoros likewise turned away from South Africa and toward France for assistance with its security needs. [1]
Turkey	22 August 1979 [135]	See Comoros–Turkey relations The Embassy of the Comoros in Cairo is accredited to Turkey. [136] The Turkish ambassador in Antananarivo to Madagascar is also accredited to the Union of the Comoros. [136] Trade volume between the two countries was 21.1 million USD in 2019. [136]
Ukraine	23 July 1993	Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 23, 1993. [137] Comoros has an honorary consulate in Kyiv. [138] Ukraine is represented in Comoros by its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. [139]
United Kingdom	3 October 1977	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1977. [140] Great-Britain is represented in Comoros by its embassy in Antananarivo, Madagascar. [141]
United States	15 August 1977	See Comoros–United States relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1977. [142] The American Embassy at Moroni was established on August 26, 1985, with Edward Brynn as Chargé d’Affaires ad interim. The American Embassy at Moroni was closed on September 30, 1993. Subsequent American Ambassadors to Comoros also have been accredited to Mauritius, and resident at Port Louis. On March 6, 2006, responsibilities for Comoros were transferred from Embassy Port Louis to Embassy Antananarivo. The two countries enjoy friendly relations. [1] The historic under-commitment by the US within France's sphere of interest in the Indian Ocean looks set to continue after a November 2009 meeting between heads of state. [143] Future friendly relations continue to look promising between the Comoros and America.
Uzbekistan	21 May 2005	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 May 2005 [144] Both countries are full members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. [145]
Yemen	6 January 1985	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 January 1985 [146] In April 2008, the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation of Yemen and Comoros Ministry of Fishery and Environment signed a "Memo of Understanding" (MOU) concerning agricultural cooperation. [147]

See also

• List of diplomatic missions in Comoros
• List of diplomatic missions of Comoros

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