List of sultans on the Comoros

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Sultan Said Ali bin Said Omar of Grande Comore (1897) Franz Sikora 038.jpg
Sultan Said Ali bin Said Omar of Grande Comore (1897)

Several sultanates on the Comoros, an archipelago in the Indian Ocean, were founded after the introduction of Islam into the area in the 15th century. Other titles could also be fani, mfaume and ntibe. Unlike sultans in many other Arab nations, these sultans had little real power. At one time alone on the island of Ndzuwani or Nzwani (today Anjouan), 40 fanis and other chiefs shared power of the island; Ngazidja (today Grand Comore) was at many times divided into 11 sultanates. This article addresses the major sultanates.

Contents

The term Shirazis (derived from the former Persian capital Shiraz) is a reference to Iranian roots, in some dynasties. The sultans of Hamamvu (Washirazi sultans) are a surviving dynasty that claims origins in Persia and carries an extant connection to the Washirazi people of the East African Coast.

The following five cities have been collectively proposed as a UNESCO World Heritage site, Including:

Sultans of Ndzuwani (Anjouan)

#Name [1] Reign Start [1] Reign End [1] Notes
1Muhammad Ic.1500c.1506Founder
2Hassanc.1506 ?-
3Muhammad II ? ?
4Msindra ? ?
5 Alimah I  ?c.1590First female sultan of Anjouan. Otherwise known as Halima.
6Sayid Alawic.1590c.1605Regent
7Husseinc.1605c.1610
8Sayid Idarusc.1610c.1619Regent
9Sayid Abu Bakrc.1619c.1632Regent
10 Alimah II c.1632c.1676Second female sultan of Anjouan. Also known as Halima II.
11 Alimah III c.1676c.1711Third female sultan of Anjouan. Also known as Halima III.
12Sheikh Salimc.17111741
13Sheikh Ahmad17411782Also known as Said Ahmad.
14 Abdallah I 17821788
15 Alimah IV 17881792Fourth female sultan of Anjouan. Also known as Halimah IV.
Abdallah I 17921796Second reign
16 Alawi I 17961816Also known as Mwinye Fani
17 Abdallah II bin Alawi 18161832
18Ali18321833Also known as Ali bin Salim
Abdallah II bin Alawi 18331836Second reign
19Alawi II18361837Also known as Saidi Alawi bin Abdallah
20Salim I18371852Also known as Salim bin Alawi
21Abdallah III1852February 1891Also known as Saidi Abdallah bin Salim. The Sultanate of Anjouan became part of the Mayotte Protectorate in 1866. [1]
22Salim IIFebruary 18912 April 1891Also known as Salim bin Abdallah
23Said Omar2 April 189114 April 1892Also known as Saidi Omar bin Said Hasan
24 Said Ali 14 April 189225 July 1912Also known as Said Ali bin Said Omar

Sultans of Mayotte

Mayotte was conquered by the Sultanate of Anjouan in 1835, after which it was ruled by Anjouani qadis (governors) until 1841 when it became a protectorate under the French. [2]

#Name [2] Reign Start [2] Reign End [2] Notes
1Hassan Ic.1515c.1530
2Muhammadc.1530c.1550
3Isac.1550c.1590
4Aminac.1590c.1596Queen Regent
5Bwana Fuma ibn Alic.1596c.1620Regent
6Ali Ic.1620c.1640
7Umarc.1640c.1680
8Ali IIc.1680c.1700
9Aisac.1700c.1714Queen Regent
10Monavo Fanic.1714c.1720Queen Regent
11Abu Bakrc.17201727
12Salim I17271752
13Bwana Kombo I17521790
14Salim II17901807
15Salih18071817
19Ahmad18171829
20Bwana Kombo II18291832
21Andrianametaka183219 November 1835
Umar19 November 1835c.1838Anjouan Qadi
Adriantsulic.183825 March 1841Anjouan Qadi

Sultans on Ngazidja (Grande Comore)

Sultans of Bambao

Reign (start)Reign (end)NameVariationsNotes
c. ???c. ???Ngoma Mrahafu
c. ???c. ???Mwasi Pirusa
c. ???c. ???Fum Mbavu Inkwaba
c. ???c. ???Mwenye Mji wa Mwenye Mambo
c.???c.???Inye wa Mantsi
c.???c.???Mwenye Mji wa Mwanze
c.???c.???Tambavu mna Muhame wa Saidi
c.???c.???Tambavu Inkwaba
c.??c.???Fum Nau wa Kori DoziHe was the first ruler of Bamboa to be given the title (Sultan) Tibe, i.e. Paramount ruler of the island.
c.???c.???Mwenye Mji wa Mvunza Panga
c.???c.???Mla NauSecond ruler with the hegemonic title Sultan tibe.
c.??c.??Fozi Wa
c.???c.???Suja Oma Inkwaba
c.???c.???Nyau wa FaumeFirst female ruler of Bamboa.
c.???c.???Bamba Oma wa Ju MambaHe ruled a second after Ahmed bin Shekhe Ngome's first ruling period.
c.???c.???Ahmed bin Shekhe NgomeThe fourth ruler to styled Sultan tibe. He ruled a second time after Mamba's brief second ruling period which was then again interrupted by a brief period of rule under Saidi Bakari followed by his third ruling period. (A possible explanation is a period of anarchy with multiple rulers).
c.???c.???Saidi Bakari
c.???c.???Mwenye Mambo
c.???c.???Ju Mamba
c.???/1874?c.???/???Mohamed bin AhmedHe ruled twice in the 1800s the second time after Abdallah bin Saidi Hamza's first ruling period.
c.???c.???
c.???c.???
c.???c.???
c.???c.???
c.???c.???
c.???c.???Shah Wa Pantat Jumbu Kulup

Sultans of Itsandra

Styled "Mfaume" (in Shingazidja) or Mfalme (in Kiswahili)

Sultans of Mitsamihuli

Styled "Mfaume/Mfalme"

Sultans of Washili

Styled "Mfaume/Mfalme"

Mukou

Sultans of Bajini

Styled "Mfaume/Mfalme"

Sultans of Hambuu

Styled "Mfaume/Mfalme"

Sultans of Hamahame

Styled "Mfaume/Mfalme"

Sultans of Mbwankuu

The sultan was also styled Mfaume/Mfalme; the only known incumbent (no dates) was: Bwana Fumu.

Sultans of Mbude

Sultans (also styled Mfaume/Mfalme) (no dates available):

Sultans of Domba

The sultan was also styled Mfaume/Mfalme; the only known incumbent (no dates) was: Febeja Mambwe.

Sultans of Mwali (Mohéli)

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Stewart, John (2006). African States and Rulers (third ed.). London: McFarland. pp. 19–20. ISBN   0-7864-2562-8.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Stewart, John (2006). African States and Rulers (3rd ed.). London: McFarland. p. 158. ISBN   0-7864-2562-8.