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 Malawiportal |
Malawi's former President Bakili Muluzi continued the pro-Western foreign policy established by his predecessor, Hastings Banda. It maintains excellent diplomatic relations with principal Western countries. Malawi's close relations with South Africa throughout the apartheid era strained its relations with other African nations. Following the collapse of apartheid in 1994, Malawi developed, and currently maintains, strong diplomatic relations with all African countries.
Important bilateral donors include Canada, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Iceland, Japan, South Korea, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Republic of China (Taiwan), the United Kingdom, and the United States. Multilateral donors include the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the European Union, the African Development Bank, and the United Nations organizations.
Malawi assumed the chair of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in 2001. Muluzi took an active role in SADC on issues such as the global coalition against terrorism and land reform in Zimbabwe.
Malawi has been a member of the ACP group since Lomé I and is also a party to the Cotonou agreement, the partnership agreement between the European Community/European Union and 77 states from Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific.
Malawi is a member of the following international organizations: the Commonwealth of Nations, the United Nations and some of its specialized and related agencies (i.e. UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO), IMF, World Bank, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Berne Convention, Universal Copyright Convention, Organization of African Unity (OAU), Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, Lome Convention, African Development Bank (AFDB), Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Common Market for East and Southern Africa (COMESA), Non-Aligned Movement, G-77, and the World Health Organization (WHO).
Malawi is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
 Albania | 11 July 1985 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 July 1985 [1] |
 Angola | 9 November 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 November 1993 [2] |
 Argentina | 11 March 1999 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 March 1999 [3] |
 Armenia | 20 January 2012 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 January 2012. [4] |
 Australia | 1981 |
|
 Austria | 6 December 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1965 [6] |
 Azerbaijan | 21 May 2004 [7] | Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Malawi were established on May 21, 2004. [7] |
 Bahrain | 9 June 1998 [8] | See Bahrain–Malawi relations |
 Belarus | 13 July 2001 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 July 2001 [9] |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina | 18 October 2011 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 October 2011 [10] |
 Botswana | 1 July 1967 | Both countries are full members of the Southern African Development Community, Commonwealth of Nations and of the Non-Aligned Movement. |
 Bulgaria | 23 November 1994 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 November 1994 [11] |
 Cambodia | 20 July 2011 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 July 2011 [12] |
 Canada | 12 February 1974 [13] |
|
 China | 28 December 2007 [15] | Hastings Banda recognized the Republic of China (Taiwan) in 1967. In January 2008, Malawi switched this recognition to the People's Republic of China. Since 2008 there has been a significant shift by the Malawian government towards accepting investment from China. [16] Potentially this may be part of a wider power struggle between the East and West in Africa. [17] |
 Colombia | 30 March 1998 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 March 1998 [18] |
 Croatia | 13 November 1998 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 November 1998. [19] [20] |
 Cuba | 10 December 1997 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1997 [21] |
 Cyprus | 22 June 2000 |
|
 Denmark | 1964 |
|
 Finland | 1 May 1986 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 May 1986 [23] |
 Georgia | 19 September 2011 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 September 2011. [24] |
 Germany | 6 July 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 1964 [25] |
 Ghana | 8 July 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 July 1964 [26] |
 Greece | ||
 India | See India–Malawi relations | |
 Israel | 15 July 1964 [28] | See Israel–Malawi relations |
 Japan | July 1964 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in July 1964. [29] |
 Jordan | 23 June 1999 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 June 1999 [30] |
 Kenya | 28 September 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 September 1965 [31] |
 Kosovo | 20 July 2016 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 July 2016. [32] Kosovo and Malawi enjoy excellent relationships. |
 Latvia | 10 September 1998 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 September 1998. [33] |
 Lithuania | 18 November 2001 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 November 2001. [34] |
 Mauritius | 9 February 2001 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 February 2001 [35] |
 Mexico | 10 December 1998 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1998 [36] |
 Mongolia | 21 December 2011 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 2011. [39] |
 Montenegro | 16 September 2011 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 September 2011 [40] |
 Mozambique | 1 July 1981 [41] | See Malawi-Mozambique relations Between 1985 and 1995, Malawi accommodated more than a million refugees from Mozambique. The refugee crisis placed a substantial strain on Malawi's economy but also drew significant inflows of international assistance. The accommodation and eventual repatriation of the Mozambicans is considered a major success by international organizations. |
 Namibia | 21 March 1990 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 1990 [42] |
 Netherlands | 16 December 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 December 1965 [6] |
 Nigeria | 29 November 1969 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1969 [43] |
 North Korea | 25 June 1982 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1982. [44] |
 North Macedonia | 27 September 1999 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 1999 [45] |
 Norway | 9 March 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 March 1965 [46] |
 Oman | 7 December 2016 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 2016 [47] |
 Pakistan | 14 August 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 August 1965. Pakistan and Malawi are both members of the Commonwealth of Nations |
 Philippines | 3 May 2001 [48] | Neither country has an embassy in each other's territories. The Philippines's embassy in Pretoria, South Africa, is accredited to Malawi; on the other hand, Malawi's embassy in Tokyo, Japan, is accredited to the Philippines. As of 25 May 2018, the date of presentation of credentials of Philippine non-resident ambassador Uriel Norman Garibay to President Arthur Peter Mutharika, there are 41 Filipino nationals residing in Malawi, mainly in Blantyre and Lilongwe. [49] |
 Poland | 10 July 1992 [50] | See Malawi–Poland relations |
 Romania | 15 July 1985 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 July 1985. [51] |
 Russia | 2 November 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 November 1993 [52] |
 Rwanda | In 1996, Malawi received a number of Rwandan and Congolese refugees seeking asylum. The government did not turn away refugees, but it did invoke the principle of "first country of asylum." Under this principle, refugees who requested asylum in another country first, or who had the opportunity to do so would not subsequently be granted asylum in Malawi. There were no reports of the forcible repatriation of refugees. | |
 Serbia | 14 November 1998 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 November 1998. [53] |
 Seychelles | 22 May 2001 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 May 2001 [54] |
 Singapore | 24 August 1998 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 August 1998. [55] |
 Slovenia | 21 July 2011 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 July 2011 [56] |
 South Africa | 10 September 1967 [57] | See Malawi–South Africa relations South Africa's first formal relationship with an independent African country was established with Malawi, beginning in 1967. [58] The colonial structures of Malawian labour export to South African mines continued after Malawi achieved independence in 1964. Led by dictator Hastings Banda, Malawi was the only African country to maintain close relations with White-ruled South Africa until the 1994 election of Nelson Mandela. Malawians were viewed as important workers in the South African mines due to their "skills, work discipline and lack of militancy" [59] From 1988 to 1992, around 13,000 Malawian migrant laborers were forcefully repatriated out of South Africa. Officially, this was because 200 Malawians had tested positive for HIV in the previous two years, but many believe that it was due to the need for retrenchment of laborers during a crisis in South Africa's mining industry. [59] Since South Africa and Malawi had their first democratic elections in 1994, Malawi and South Africa have enhanced relations. In 2008, the two governments signed a Memorandum of Understanding designed to enhance the relationship between the two countries through enhanced security cooperation. [60] |
 South Korea | 9 March 1965 | Establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Malawi was on 9 March 1965. [61] In 2011 Bilateral Trade between both nations totaled US$31 million. [62] |
 South Sudan | 26 September 2011 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 2011 [63] |
 Spain | 27 October 1972 [64] | See Malawi–Spain relations |
 Tanzania | 16 May 1985 [65] | Malawi has a dispute with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi). |
 Thailand | 1 June 1987 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 June 1987 [66] |
 Trinidad and Tobago | 21 April 1998 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 April 1998 [67] |
 Turkey | 6 August 1969 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 August 1969 [43] |
 Turkmenistan | 20 February 1998 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1998 [69] |
 Ukraine | 22 December 1998 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 December 1998 [70] |
 United Kingdom | 6 July 1964 | See Malawi–United Kingdom relations Historical ties make the UK historically one of the more important donors and supporters of Malawi. However, the expulsion of the UK's High Commissioner in April 2011 may change this relationship. Since the expulsion the UK has suspended direct government aid, [71] citing concerns over governance and human rights. |
 United States | 6 July 1964 [72] | See Malawi–United States relations The transition from a one-party state to a multi-party democracy significantly strengthened the already cordial U.S. relationship with Malawi. Significant numbers of Malawians study in the United States. The United States has an active Peace Corps program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, and an Agency for International Development (USAID) mission in Malawi. In July 2011, the United States suspended direct funding. The US government agency responsible, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, suspended aid because it was 'deeply upset' by the deaths of the 19 people during the July protests. [73] |
 Venezuela | 31 January 2007 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 January 2007 [74] |
 Zambia | 15 September 1970 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 September 1970 [75] |
Malawi became a full member of the Commonwealth on independence from the United Kingdom in 1964. Queen Elizabeth II, Head of the Commonwealth, was Queen of Malawi, represented by the Governor-General of Malawi, until the country became a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations in 1966, when the then Prime Minister of Malawi, Hastings Banda, declared himself the first President of Malawi.
Botswana has put a premium on economic and political integration in southern Africa. It has sought to make the Southern African Development Community (SADC) a working vehicle for economic development, and it has promoted efforts to make the region self-policing in terms of preventive diplomacy, conflict resolution, and good governance. The SADC headquarters are located in Gaborone, the capital of Botswana. It has welcomed post-apartheid South Africa as a partner in these efforts. Botswana joins the African consensus on most major international matters and is a member of international organizations, such as the United Nations and the African Union. Botswana is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military.
The Republic of Croatia is a sovereign country at the crossroads of Central Europe, Southeast Europe, and the Mediterranean that declared its independence from Yugoslavia on 25 June 1991. Croatia is a member of the European Union (EU), United Nations (UN), the Council of Europe, NATO, the World Trade Organization (WTO), Union for the Mediterranean and a number of other international organizations. Croatia has established diplomatic relations with 187 countries. The president and the Government, through the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, co-operate in the formulation and implementation of foreign policy.
In November 1975, Comoros became the 143rd member of the United Nations. The new nation was defined as consisting of the entire archipelago, despite the fact that France maintains control over Mayotte.
This article describes the diplomatic affairs, foreign policy and international relations of Ecuador Ecuador is a founding member of the UN and a member of many of its specialized agencies; it is also a member of the Organization of American States (OAS), as well as many regional groups, including the Rio Group, the Latin American Economic System, the Latin American Energy Organization, the Latin American Integration Association, and the Andean Pact.
The foreign relations of Eritrea are the policies of the Eritrean government by which it administers its external relations with other nations. Since its independence, Eritrea's foreign relations have been dominated by conflict and confrontation, both in the regional and international arenas. It has maintained often troubled, and usually violent, relations with its neighbors, including brief armed conflicts with Yemen and Djibouti and a destructive war with its bigger-neighbour, Ethiopia. At present, Eritrea has very tense relations with neighboring Ethiopia and Djibouti. Relations in the international arena also have been strained since the last decade, particularly with major powers. What appeared cordial relations with the US in the 1990s turned acrimonious following the border war with Ethiopia, 1998-2000. Although the two nations have a close working relationship regarding the ongoing war on terror, there has been a growing tension in other areas. Ties with international organizations such as the United Nations, the African Union, and the European Union have also been complicated in part because of Eritrea's outrage at their reluctance to force Ethiopia to accept a boundary commission ruling issued in 2002.
Kyrgyzstan has close relations with other members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, particularly Kazakhstan and Russia, given the historical legacy of the Soviet Union. It also has close relations with Turkey as well, given their shared heritage as Turkic languages.
The foreign policy of Lebanon reflects its geographic location, the composition of its population, and its reliance on commerce and trade. Until 2005, Lebanon's foreign policy had been heavily influenced by Syria. The framework for relations was first codified in May 1991, when Lebanon and Syria signed a treaty of mutual cooperation. This treaty came out of the Taif Agreement, which stipulated that "Lebanon is linked to Syria by distinctive ties deriving strength from kinship, history, and common interests." The Lebanese-Syria treaty calls for "coordination and cooperation between the two countries" that would serve the "interests of the two countries within the framework of sovereignty and independence of each." Numerous agreements on political, economic, and security. After Syria's military withdrawal in 2005, Lebanon's foreign policy charted a more independent course.
Lesotho's geographic location makes it extremely vulnerable to political and economic developments in South Africa. Its capital is the small city of Maseru. It is a member of many regional economic organizations including the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). Lesotho also is active in the United Nations, the Organisation of African Unity, now the African Union, the Non-Aligned Movement, and many other international organizations. In addition to the Republic of Korea, the United States, South Africa, Ireland, People's Republic of China, Libya, and the European Union all currently retain resident diplomatic missions in Lesotho. Foreign relations of Lesotho are administered by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Relations.
Madagascar has diplomatic relations with many countries, both individual bilateral relations and by virtue of its membership of African and other regional blocs. International aid has been received from the IMF and the World Bank, and a national environmental plan supported by the World Bank and USAID began in 1990.
Mauritius has strong and friendly relations with the West, with South Asian countries and with the countries of southern and eastern Africa. It is a member of the World Trade Organization, the Commonwealth of Nations, La Francophonie, the African Union, the Southern Africa Development Community, the Indian Ocean Commission, COMESA, and the recently formed Indian Ocean Rim Association.
Niger pursues a moderate foreign policy and maintains friendly relations with both East and West. It is a member state of the United Nations. Niger maintains a special relationship with France and enjoys close relations with its West African neighbours.
Rwanda has been the center of much international attention since the war and genocide of 1994.
Eswatini is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, and the Southern African Development Community. Currently, the Kingdom of Eswatini maintains 11 embassies and High Commissions along with 15 consulates and other representations around the world, while there are five embassies and High Commissions in Eswatini as well as 14 consulates and other representations.
Although Togo's foreign policy is nonaligned, it has strong historical and cultural ties with western Europe, especially France and Germany. Togo recognizes the People's Republic of China, North Korea, and Cuba. It re-established relations with Israel in 1987.
Zimbabwe maintains relations with various countries around the world, and maintains close diplomatic relations with neighboring nations.
The Republic of Guinea-Bissau follows a nonaligned foreign policy and seeks friendly and cooperative relations with a wide variety of states and organizations. France, Portugal, Angola, Brazil, Egypt, Nigeria, Libya, Cuba, the Palestine Liberation Organization, Ghana, and Russia have diplomatic offices in Bissau.
Papua New Guinea's foreign policy reflects close ties with Australia and other traditional allies and cooperative relations with neighboring countries. Its views on international political and economic issues are generally moderate.
Until independence in 1975, São Tomé and Príncipe had few ties abroad except those that passed through Portugal. Following independence, the new government sought to expand its diplomatic relationships. A common language, tradition, and colonial legacy have led to close collaboration between São Tomé and other ex-Portuguese colonies in Africa, particularly Angola. São Toméan relations with other African countries in the region, such as Gabon and the Republic of the Congo, are also good. In December 2000, São Tomé signed the African Union treaty; it was later ratified by the National Assembly.
The foreign relations of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania have, since 1960, been dominated by the issues of the Spanish Sahara and the recognition of its independence by its neighbours, particularly Morocco. Mauritania's foreign relations are handled by the Minister for Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, who is currently Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed.
Foreign relations of Djibouti are managed by the Djiboutian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. Djibouti maintains close ties with the governments of Somalia, Ethiopia, France and the United States. It is likewise an active participant in African Union, United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and Arab League affairs.
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