Foreign relations of Poland

The Republic of Poland is a Central European country and member of the European Union and NATO, among others. Poland wields considerable influence in Central and Eastern Europe and is a middle power in international affairs. The foreign policy of Poland is based on four basic commitments: to Atlantic co-operation, to European integration, to international development and to international law.

The Polish economy is fairly open and relies strongly on international trade. Since the collapse of communism and its re-establishment as a democratic nation, Poland has extended its responsibilities and position in European and Western affairs, supporting and establishing friendly foreign relations with both the West and with numerous European countries.

History

Foreign policy topics are covered in the history articles:

• History of Poland
  • History of Poland in the Early Modern era (1569–1795)
  • History of Poland (1795–1918), when it was split three ways between Germany, Russia and Austria and had no foreign policy
    • Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1815) a semi-independent country
    • History of Poland during World War I
  • History of Poland (1918–1939)
  • History of Poland (1939–1945)
  • History of Poland (1945–1989)
  • History of Poland (1989–present)

Integration with the West and Europe

Polish prime minister Mateusz Morawiecki (left) at a Visegrád Group meeting in Budapest in 2021 with fellow member countries.

After regaining independence in 1989, Poland has ahead on its economic reintegration with the Western world. ^[1] Poland also has been an active nation in advocating European integration.

In 1994, Poland became an associate member of the European Union (EU) and its defensive arm, the Western European Union (WEU). In 1996, Poland achieved full OECD membership and submitted preliminary documentation for full EU membership.

Poland formally joined the European Union in May 2004, along with the other members of the Visegrád Group.

NATO membership

Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz told a 2014 audience at the Wilson Center that Poland sought to join NATO as early as 1992. ^[2]

In 1997, Poland was invited in the first wave of NATO enlargement at the July 1997 NATO Madrid summit. In March 1999, Poland became a full member of NATO. Poland promoted its NATO candidacy through energetic participation in the Partnership for Peace (PfP) program and through intensified individual dialogue with NATO.

Poland was a part of the multinational force in Iraq.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Poland maintains diplomatic relations with: ^[3]

#	Country	Date
1	Italy	27 February 1919 [4]
2	Belgium	6 March 1919 [5]
3	Switzerland	12 March 1919 [6]
4	Greece	13 March 1919 [7]
5	Japan	22 March 1919 [8]
6	France	2 April 1919 [9]
7	United States	2 May 1919 [10]
8	Spain	30 May 1919 [11]
—	Holy See	6 June 1919 [12]
9	Romania	22 June 1919 [13]
10	Netherlands	4 July 1919 [14]
11	United Kingdom	15 July 1919 [15]
12	Sweden	2 August 1919 [16]
13	Norway	25 August 1919 [17]
14	Denmark	8 September 1919 [18]
15	Serbia	19 September 1919 [19]
16	Finland	7 February 1920 [20]
17	Germany	9 March 1920 [21]
18	Czech Republic	23 March 1920 [22]
19	Brazil	27 May 1920 [23]
20	Uruguay	22 July 1920 [21]
21	Paraguay	12 August 1920 [21]
22	Chile	7 December 1920 [24]
23	Latvia	27 January 1921 [25]
24	Luxembourg	18 April 1921 [26]
25	Russia	27 April 1921 [27]
26	Estonia	4 May 1921 [28]
27	Austria	6 September 1921 [21]
28	Bulgaria	6 September 1921 [21]
29	Hungary	17 November 1921 [21]
30	Portugal	13 May 1922 [29]
31	Argentina	19 July 1922 [30]
32	Turkey	23 July 1923 [31]
33	Peru	6 September 1923 [32]
34	Egypt	1927 [33]
35	Iran	19 March 1927 [34]
36	Afghanistan	3 November 1927 [35]
37	Mexico	26 February 1928 [36]
38	Iraq	22 December 1932 [37]
39	Cuba	1 January 1933 [38]
40	Colombia	18 November 1933 [39]
41	Costa Rica	18 November 1933 [39]
42	Dominican Republic	18 November 1933 [39]
43	Ecuador	18 November 1933 [40]
44	El Salvador	18 November 1933 [39]
45	Guatemala	18 November 1933 [39]
46	Haiti	18 November 1933 [39]
47	Honduras	18 November 1933 [39]
48	Nicaragua	18 November 1933 [39]
49	Panama	18 November 1933 [39]
50	Venezuela	18 November 1933 [39]
51	Bolivia	3 September 1935 [41]
52	Albania	7 April 1937 [42]
53	Lithuania	19 March 1938 [43]
54	Canada	9 February 1942 [44]
55	Ethiopia	1 September 1943 [45]
56	Lebanon	1 August 1944 [46]
57	Syria	18 September 1945
58	Iceland	14 January 1946
59	Israel	19 May 1948
60	North Korea	16 October 1948 [47]
61	China	7 October 1949 [48]
62	Vietnam	4 February 1950 [49]
63	Mongolia	14 April 1950 [50]
64	India	30 March 1954 [51]
65	Indonesia	19 September 1955 [52]
66	Myanmar	9 November 1955
67	Sudan	4 April 1956
68	Cambodia	24 April 1956 [53]
69	Sri Lanka	18 April 1957 [54]
70	Yemen	21 December 1957 [55]
71	Guinea	29 June 1959 [56]
72	Morocco	7 July 1959 [57]
73	Tunisia	15 November 1959 [58]
74	Nepal	24 November 1959 [59]
75	Ghana	31 December 1959 [60]
76	Cyprus	15 January 1961 [61]
77	Democratic Republic of the Congo	12 February 1961
78	Mali	12 May 1961
79	Tanzania	14 January 1962 [53]
80	Algeria	2 May 1962
81	Nigeria	30 May 1962 [62]
82	Benin	14 June 1962
83	Senegal	18 June 1962
84	Somalia	10 July 1962 [53]
85	Burundi	8 August 1962 [63]
86	Laos	8 September 1962
87	Sierra Leone	9 November 1962
88	Pakistan	17 December 1962 [64]
89	Togo	26 December 1962
90	Uganda	8 April 1963
91	Kuwait	17 May 1963
92	Libya	2 December 1963 [65]
93	Kenya	13 December 1963 [66]
94	Jordan	20 February 1964 [67]
95	Rwanda	10 July 1965 [68]
96	Mauritania	3 December 1965 [69]
97	Zambia	30 June 1966
98	Burkina Faso	13 June 1968
99	Singapore	12 April 1969 [70]
100	Central African Republic	15 January 1970 [71]
101	Malaysia	21 June 1971 [72]
102	Niger	30 June 1971
103	Malta	23 October 1971 [73]
104	Bangladesh	12 January 1972 [74]
105	Australia	20 February 1972 [75]
106	Cameroon	14 March 1972 [76]
107	Guyana	10 July 1972 [77]
108	Thailand	14 November 1972 [78]
109	Republic of the Congo	19 December 1972 [79]
110	New Zealand	28 February 1973
111	Liberia	30 May 1973 [80]
112	Philippines	22 September 1973 [81]
113	Guinea-Bissau	3 October 1973 [82]
114	Madagascar	28 November 1973
115	Ivory Coast	9 June 1974
116	Jamaica	4 November 1974
117	Gambia	21 January 1975 [83]
118	Mozambique	25 June 1975 [84]
119	Angola	25 November 1975
120	Cape Verde	12 February 1976 [85]
121	Ireland	30 September 1976 [86]
122	Gabon	16 October 1976 [87]
123	Comoros	6 June 1977 [88]
124	Papua New Guinea	10 February 1978 [89]
125	São Tomé and Príncipe	20 November 1978 [90]
126	Botswana	22 November 1978 [91]
127	Lesotho	20 December 1978 [92]
128	Chad	5 January 1979
129	Seychelles	14 February 1979
130	Mauritius	30 April 1979
131	Equatorial Guinea	29 May 1979 [93]
132	Djibouti	24 February 1980 [94]
133	Grenada	2 June 1980 [95]
134	Zimbabwe	18 February 1981
135	Maldives	1 October 1984 [91]
136	Vanuatu	15 November 1986 [96]
—	State of Palestine	11 April 1989
137	United Arab Emirates	4 September 1989
138	Qatar	16 October 1989
139	South Korea	1 November 1989 [97]
140	Oman	24 January 1990 [98]
141	Namibia	21 March 1990 [99]
142	Eswatini	10 May 1990 [91]
—	Sovereign Military Order of Malta	9 July 1990
143	Bahrain	22 April 1991
144	Marshall Islands	17 December 1991 [91]
145	South Africa	18 December 1991 [100]
146	Ukraine	4 January 1992 [101]
147	Kyrgyzstan	10 February 1992
148	Tajikistan	11 February 1992 [102]
149	Azerbaijan	21 February 1992 [103]
150	Armenia	26 February 1992 [104]
151	Belarus	2 March 1992 [105]
152	Uzbekistan	19 March 1992 [106]
153	Kazakhstan	6 April 1992
154	Slovenia	10 April 1992 [107]
155	Croatia	11 April 1992
156	Georgia	28 April 1992 [108]
157	Malawi	10 July 1992 [109]
158	Moldova	14 July 1992 [110]
159	Liechtenstein	5 September 1992
160	Turkmenistan	29 September 1992
161	Slovakia	1 January 1993 [111]
162	Suriname	24 May 1993 [112]
163	Eritrea	15 July 1993
164	North Macedonia	30 December 1993
165	San Marino	14 November 1994 [113]
166	Belize	2 May 1995 [91]
167	Saudi Arabia	3 May 1995 [114]
168	Bosnia and Herzegovina	22 December 1995 [115]
169	Brunei	20 March 1996 [91]
170	Andorra	15 May 1996
171	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	16 May 1996 [91]
172	Barbados	13 September 1996 [91]
173	Trinidad and Tobago	13 August 1998 [91]
174	Saint Lucia	24 May 2000 [91]
175	East Timor	18 November 2002 [116]
176	Bahamas	19 November 2003 [117]
177	Antigua and Barbuda	13 September 2005 [118]
178	Montenegro	14 August 2006 [119]
179	Monaco	27 September 2007 [120]
180	Dominica	4 June 2009 [91]
181	Saint Kitts and Nevis	23 June 2009 [91]
182	Palau	27 January 2012 [91]
183	Solomon Islands	6 March 2012 [91]
184	Samoa	8 March 2012 [91]
185	Bhutan	29 November 2012 [91]
186	South Sudan	31 January 2013 [121]
187	Fiji	11 July 2014 [91]
188	Nauru	24 November 2014 [122]
189	Kiribati	2 March 2015 [123]
190	Federated States of Micronesia	6 March 2015 [124]
191	Tuvalu	4 May 2015 [125]
192	Tonga	29 August 2016 [126]

Bilateral relations

Multilateral

Organization	Formal Relations Began	Notes
European Union		See Poland in the European Union Poland joined the European Union as a full member on 1 May 2004.
NATO		Poland joined NATO as a full member on 12 March 1999.

Africa

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Algeria		See Algeria–Poland relations Algeria has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Algiers.
Angola		Angola has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Luanda.
Chad		Chad is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Moscow, Russia. Poland is accredited to Chad from its embassy in Tunis, Tunisia.
Egypt		See Egypt–Poland relations Egypt has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Cairo.
Ethiopia		See Ethiopia–Poland relations Ethiopia is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany. Poland has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
Kenya	13 December 1963	See Kenya–Poland relations Kenya is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Rome, Italy. Poland has an embassy in Nairobi.
Libya		See Libya–Poland relations Libya has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland is accredited to Libya from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt.
Madagascar		Madagascar is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Moscow, Russia. Poland is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
Mali		See Mali–Poland relations
Morocco		See Morocco–Poland relations Morocco has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Rabat.
Mozambique	25 June 1975	Mozambique is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany. Poland is accredited to Mozambique from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa and maintains an honorary consulate in Maputo.
Namibia	21 March 1990	Namibia is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany. Poland is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
Nigeria		See Nigeria–Poland relations Nigeria has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Abuja.
Senegal		See Poland–Senegal relations Poland has an embassy in Dakar. Senegal has an embassy in Warsaw.
South Africa	1988	See Poland–South Africa relations Poland has an embassy in Pretoria. South Africa has an embassy in Warsaw.
South Sudan	31 January 2013	See Poland–South Sudan relations
Tanzania	1961	See Poland–Tanzania relations Poland has an embassy in Dar es Salaam. Tanzania is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
Tunisia		See Poland–Tunisia relations Poland has an embassy in Tunis. Tunisia has an embassy in Warsaw.
Uganda	1963	See Poland–Uganda relations Poland is accredited to Uganda from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate in Kampala. Uganda is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
Zambia		See Poland–Zambia relations

Americas

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Argentina	1920	See Argentina–Poland relations Argentina has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Buenos Aires. [127] List of Treaties ruling the relations Argentina and Poland (Argentine Foreign Ministry, in Spanish)
Belize	2 May 1995	Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 2, 1995. [128]
Bolivia		Bolivia is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany. Poland is accredited to Bolivia from its embassy in Lima, Peru.
Brazil	27 May 1920	See Brazil–Poland relations Brazil has an embassy in Warsaw. [129] Poland has an embassy in Brasília and a consulate-general in Curitiba. [130]
Canada	1935	See Canada–Poland relations The Canada-Poland diplomatic relationship goes back from the first bilateral agreement, a Convention on Merchant Shipping, which was signed in 1935. Canada has an embassy in Warsaw. [131] Poland has an embassy in Ottawa and 3 Consulates-General (in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver). Both countries are full members of NATO and OECD. [132] Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade about relations with Poland
Chile	1920	See Chile–Poland relations Chile has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Santiago. Both countries are full members of the OECD.
Colombia	1931	See Colombia–Poland relations Colombia has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Bogotá. [133] Both countries are full members of the OECD.
Cuba	1933	See Cuba–Poland relations Cuba has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Havana.
Ecuador		Ecuador is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany. Poland is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Lima, Peru.
El Salvador		El Salvador is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany. Poland is accredited to El Salvador from its embassy in Panama City, Panama.
Guyana	1972	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1972. [134] Guyana is accredited to Poland from its high commission in London, United Kingdom. Poland is accredited to Guyana from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.
Haiti		Haiti is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany. Poland is accredited to Haiti from its embassy in Bogotá, Colombia.
Mexico	26 February 1928	See Mexico–Poland relations Mexico has an embassy in Warsaw. [135] Poland has an embassy in Mexico City. [136] History of diplomatic relations between Mexico and Poland (Spanish) Both nations are members of the OECD.
Panama		Panama has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Panama City.
Paraguay		Paraguay is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany. Poland is accredited to Paraguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Peru	1923	See Peru–Poland relations Peru has an embassy in Warsaw. [137] Poland has an embassy in Lima. [138]
United States		See Poland–United States relations A tighter security alliance with the United States was announced in the middle of the Georgian crisis as an agreement between the two countries was reached to allow the US to install and operate an interceptor missile defense shield, a move which Russia sees explicitly targeting it and which it stated made Poland "a legit military target". [139] A high-ranking Russian military official said: "Poland in deploying [the US system] opens itself to a nuclear strike". [140] Poland has an embassy in Washington, D.C., and consulates-general in Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, and New York. [141] United States has an embassy in Warsaw, a consulate-general in Kraków, and a consular agency in Poznań. [142] Both countries are full members of NATO and the OECD.
Uruguay	22 July 1920	See Poland–Uruguay relations Poland is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Uruguay is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
Venezuela	1933	See Poland–Venezuela relations Poland has an embassy in Caracas. Venezuela has an embassy in Warsaw.

Asia

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Afghanistan		See Afghanistan–Poland relations Afghanistan has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland is accredited to Afghanistan from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
Armenia	1992-2-26 [143]	See Armenia–Poland relations Armenia has an embassy in Warsaw, and an honorary consulate in Łódź. [144] Poland has an embassy in Yerevan. [145] Poland has recognized the Armenian genocide in 2005. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See also Armenians in Poland
Azerbaijan	1992-02-21 [146]	See Azerbaijan–Poland relations Azerbaijan has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Baku. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. See also Poles in Azerbaijan
Bangladesh		See Bangladesh–Poland relations Bangladesh has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland is accredited to Bangladesh from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
China	1919	See China–Poland relations Relations between Poland and the People's Republic of China began on 5 October 1949. China has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Beijing and consulates-general in Chengdu, Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Shanghai.
Georgia	1992-04-28	See Georgia–Poland relations Georgia has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Tbilisi. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. Georgia is an EU candidate and Poland is an EU member.
India		See India–Poland relations Historically, relations have generally been close and friendly, characterized by understanding and cooperation on international front. [147] India has an embassy in Warsaw. [148] Poland has an embassy in New Delhi. [149]
Indonesia		See Indonesia–Poland relations Indonesia has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Jakarta.
Iran		See Iran–Poland relations Iran has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Tehran.
Iraq		See Iraq–Poland relations Iraq has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Baghdad.
Israel	27 February 1990	See Israel–Poland relations Poland broke off relations with Israel after the Six-Day War of 1967, following most other countries of the Soviet Union controlled Eastern Bloc. Poland was the first Eastern bloc country to recognize Israel again in 1986. Full diplomatic relations have been reestablished in 1990, after the communist People's Republic of Poland was transformed into modern, democratic Poland. Government relations between Poland and Israel are steadily improving, resulting in the mutual visits of presidents and the ministers of foreign affairs. [150] [151] Israel has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Tel Aviv. Both countries are full members of the OECD. See also History of the Jews in Poland
Japan		See Japan–Poland relations Japan has an embassy in Warsaw, and an honorary consulate in Kraków. Poland has an embassy in Tokyo, and 2 honorary consulates (in Kobe and Hiroshima). [152] Both countries are full members of the OECD.
Kazakhstan	6 April 1992	See Kazakhstan–Poland relations Poland opened its embassy in Nur-Sultan in March 1994. Kazakhstan's embassy to Poland was opened in October 2000. [153] Kazakhstan has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Nur-Sultan.
Kuwait		Kuwait has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Kuwait City.
Lebanon		Lebanon has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Beirut.
Malaysia		See Malaysia–Poland relations Malaysia has an embassy in Warsaw, [154] and Poland has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur and a consulate in Kuching. [155] [156]
Mongolia		See Mongolia–Poland relations Mongolia has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar.
North Korea	1948 October [157]	See Poland–North Korea relations North Korea has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Pyongyang.
Pakistan	17 December 1962	See Pakistan–Poland relations Pakistan has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Islamabad.
Palestine	1988	See Palestine–Poland relations Palestine has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has a representative office in Ramallah.
Philippines		See Philippines–Poland relations Philippines has an embassy in Warsaw and 2 honorary consulates (in Poznań and Wrocław). Poland has an embassy in Manila and 3 honorary consulates (in Cebu City, Davao City and San Fernando). [158]
Qatar		Poland has an embassy in Doha. Qatar has an embassy in Warsaw.
Saudi Arabia		See Poland–Saudi Arabia relations Poland has an embassy in Riyadh. Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Warsaw.
Singapore	1969 [159]	Poland has an embassy in Singapore. [159] Singapore has a non-resident ambassador based in Singapore accredited to Poland and has an honorary consulate-general in Warsaw. [159]
South Korea	1 November 1989 [160]	See Poland–South Korea relations Both countries are full members of the OECD. Poland and South Korea have a good relations. Polish embassy in Seoul. [161] South Korean embassy in Warsaw. [162] Poland and South Korea have made an agreement of the Working Holiday Program. See also: Poland–South Korea relations
Taiwan		See Poland–Taiwan relations Poland maintains a Representative Office in Taipei. Taiwan maintains a Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in Warsaw.
Tajikistan		See Poland–Tajikistan relations
Thailand		Poland has an embassy in Bangkok. Thailand has an embassy in Warsaw.
Turkey		See Poland–Turkey relations Poland has an embassy in Ankara. Turkey has an embassy in Warsaw. Both countries are full members of NATO, OECD and the Council of Europe. Poland is an EU member and Turkey is an EU candidate. Poland supports Turkey's accession negotiations to the EU, although negotiations have now been suspended.
Turkmenistan		See Poland–Turkmenistan relations
United Arab Emirates		See Poland–United Arab Emirates relations Poland has an embassy in Abu Dhabi. United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Warsaw.
Uzbekistan		See Poland–Uzbekistan relations Poland has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan has an embassy in Warsaw.
Vietnam		See Poland–Vietnam relations Poland has an embassy in Hanoi. Vietnam has an embassy in Warsaw.

Europe

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Albania		See Albania–Poland relations Albania has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Tirana. Both countries are full members of NATO. Albania is an EU candidate and Poland is an EU member.
Andorra	1996-5-15	Andorra is accredited to Poland from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Andorra la Vella, Andorra. Poland is accredited to Andorra from its embassy in Madrid, Spain.
Austria	1921	See Austria–Poland relations Austria was one of the three partitioners of Poland, along with Prussia/Germany and Russia. Austria has an embassy in Warsaw and a consulate-general in Kraków and 3 honorary consulates (in Wrocław, Gdańsk, and Łódź). [163] Poland has an embassy in Vienna and 4 honorary consulates (in Graz, Innsbruck, Klagenfurt and Salzburg). [164] Austrian Foreign Ministry: list of bilateral treaties with Poland (in German only) Both countries are full members of the European Union and of the Council of Europe.
Belarus	1992-03-02 [165]	See Belarus–Poland relations Both countries share a common border of 416 kilometres (258 miles). [166] Poland was one of the first countries to recognise Belarusian independence. [165] Belarus has an embassy in Warsaw and a consulate-general in Gdańsk and Białystok, and a consulate in Biała Podlaska. [167] Poland has an embassy in Minsk and consulates-general in Brest and Hrodna. [168]
Belgium	1919-3 [169]	Belgium has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Brussels. Both nations are members of the European Union, NATO and of the Council of Europe.
Bosnia and Herzegovina		Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Sarajevo. Bosnia and Herzegovina is an EU candidate and Poland is an EU member.
Bulgaria	1920s	See Bulgaria–Poland relations Bulgaria has an embassy in Warsaw and 5 honorary consulates (in Białystok, Częstochowa, Gdańsk, Kraków and Wrocław). [170] Poland has an embassy in Sofia, [171] and an honorary consulate in Nesebar. [172] Both nations are members of the European Union, NATO and of the Council of Europe.
Croatia	1992-04-11	See Croatia–Poland relations Croatia has an embassy in Warsaw. [173] Poland has an embassy in Zagreb. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO. Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration: list of bilateral treaties with Poland Archived 2013-02-17 at archive.today
Cyprus	1960s	See Cyprus–Poland relations Cyprus has an embassy in Warsaw and 2 honorary consulates (in Gdynia and Szczecin). Poland has an embassy in Nicosia and an honorary consulate general in Limassol. Both countries are full members of the European Union and of the Council of Europe. [174]
Czech Republic	1991-10-6 [175]	See Czech Republic–Poland relations Both countries share a common border of 790 kilometres (490 miles). [166] Czech Republic has an embassy in Warsaw and a consulate-general in Katowice. Poland has an embassy in Prague and a consulate-general in Ostrava. Both countries are full members of the European Union, NATO and the Visegrád Group.
Denmark		See Denmark–Poland relations Denmark and Poland share a maritime border in the Baltic Sea. Denmark has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Copenhagen. Both countries are full members of the European Union, NATO and the Council of the Baltic Sea States.
Estonia	1991-09	See Estonia–Poland relations Poland recognised Estonia's independence on December 31, 1920 and re-recognised it on August 26, 1991. Estonia has an embassy in Warsaw and 3 honorary consulates (in Szczecin, Poznań and Kraków). [176] Poland has an embassy in Tallinn. [177] Both countries are full members of the Council of the Baltic Sea States, of NATO and of the European Union. Estonia Ministry of Foreign affairs about relations with Poland
Finland	1919-03-08	See Finland–Poland relations Finland has an embassy in Warsaw and an honorary consulate in Gdynia. Poland has an embassy in Helsinki. [178] Both countries are full members of the Council of the Baltic Sea States and of the European Union and of NATO. Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Poland Archived 2012-02-25 at the Wayback Machine
France	1919-2-24 [179]	See France–Poland relations Polish-French relations date several centuries, although they became really relevant only with times of French Revolution and reign of Napoleon I. Poles have been allies of Napoleon; large Polish community settled in France in the 19th century, and Poles and French were also allies during the interwar period. The official relations, having cooled down during the Cold War, have improved since the fall of communism. Currently both countries are part of the European Union and NATO. France has an embassy in Warsaw and a Consulate general in Kraków Poland has an embassy in Paris and a consulate-general in Lyon. Both nations are members of the European Union, NATO and of the Council of Europe.
Germany		See Germany–Poland relations After the creation of modern Germany in 1871, Germany was one of the three partitioners of Poland, along with Austria and Russia. The joint Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland of 1939 started World War II, and then until 1945, Poland was occupied by Germany and subjected to crimes against its popualtion. During the Cold War, communist Poland had good relations with East Germany, but had strained relations with West Germany. After the fall of communism, Poland and the reunited Germany have had a mostly positive but occasionally strained relationship due to some political issues. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Germany has been a proponent of Poland's participation in NATO and the European Union. Both countries share a common border of 467 kilometres (290 miles). [166] Germany has an embassy in Warsaw and consulates-general in Gdańsk, Kraków, Opole and Wrocław. Poland has an embassy in Berlin and consulates-general in Cologne, Hamburg and Munich. Both nations are members of the European Union, NATO and of the Council of Europe.
Greece		See Greece–Poland relations Greece has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Athens. Both nations are members of the European Union, NATO and of the Council of Europe.
Holy See	1919	See Holy See–Poland relations Holy see has an apostolic nunciature in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy to the Holy See based in Rome.
Hungary		See Hungary–Poland relations Relations between the two states date back from the Middle Ages. For a long time, they enjoy traditional close friendship. Hungary has an embassy in Warsaw, a consulate-general in Kraków, a vice-consulate in Wrocław, and 4 honorary consulates (in Łódź, Poznań, Bydgoszcz and Szczecin). [180] Poland has an embassy in Budapest, and 3 honorary consulates (in Keszthely, Szeged and Szentendre). [181] Both countries are full members of the European Union, NATO and the Visegrád Group.
Iceland	January 1946	See Iceland–Poland relations Iceland has an embassy in Warsaw. [182] Poland has an embassy in Reykjavík. [183] Both countries are full members of NATO.
Ireland	1976-9-30 [184]	See Ireland–Poland relations Ireland has an embassy in Warsaw, [185] and an honorary consulate in Poznań. [186] Poland has an embassy in Dublin, [187] and 2 honorary consulates (in Limerick and Kilkenny). [188] Both countries are full members of the European Union and of the Council of Europe.
Italy	1919-2-27 [189]	See Italy–Poland relations Northern Italy and parts of Poland were part of the Holy Roman Empire and the Austrian Empire. Italy has an embassy in Warsaw, and 5 honorary consulates (in Gdynia, Kraków, Poznań, Szczecin and Wrocław). [190] Poland has an embassy in Rome, a consulate general in Milan, and 8 honorary consulates (in Ancona, Bologna, Genoa, Naples, Palermo, Trento, Turin, Venice). [191] Both nations are members of the European Union, NATO and of the Council of Europe.
Latvia	1991-08-30	See Latvia–Poland relations Poland recognised Latvia's independence on January 27, 1921. Latvia has an embassy in Warsaw and 3 honorary consulates (in Katowice, Gdańsk and Łódź). [192] Poland has an embassy in Riga. [193] Both countries are full members of NATO, the European Union and the Council of the Baltic Sea States. There are around 57,000 Poles living in Latvia (See Poles in Latvia). Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Poland
Lithuania	1991-9-5 [194]	See Lithuania–Poland relations Poland and Lithuania formed a close alliance and political union since 1385, which was eventually transformed into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the greatest historic powers of Central and Eastern Europe. The fall of communism in the years of 1989-1991 led to a formal reestablishment of relations by the Polish and Lithuanian states. Poland was highly supportive of the Lithuanian independence, and became one of the first countries to recognize independent Lithuania. [195] Despite that, there was a relative crisis in the early 1990s, [196] due to Lithuanian mistreatment of Polish minority, and Lithuanian suspicious that Poland would want to put Lithuania under its sphere of influence. [195] After a few years, as the situation normalized, Polish-Lithuanian relations have been steadily improving over the past two decades, with both countries joining the NATO and European Union. Lithuania has an embassy in Warsaw and consulate general in Sejny. Poland has an embassy in Vilnius and an honorary consulate in Klaipėda. There are around 250,000 Poles living in Lithuania and around 25,000 ethnic Lithuanians living in Poland. Both countries are full members of the Council of the Baltic Sea States. Both countries share a common border of 103 kilometres (64 miles). [166]
Luxembourg	1921-4-18 [197]	See Luxembourg–Poland relations Luxembourg has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Luxembourg City. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Malta		Malta has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Valletta. Both countries are full members of the European Union and of the Council of Europe.
Moldova	1991-8-27 [198]	See Moldova–Poland relations Moldova has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Chișinău. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. Moldova is an EU candidate and Poland is an EU member.
Monaco	1990 [199]	Monaco is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany and maintains an honorary consulate in Warsaw. Poland is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France.
Montenegro		Montenegro has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Podgorica. Both countries are full members of NATO. Montenegro is an EU candidate and Poland is an EU member.
Netherlands		See Netherlands–Poland relations Netherlands has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in The Hague. Both nations are members of the European Union, NATO and of the Council of Europe.
North Macedonia		North Macedonia has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Skopje. Both countries are full members of NATO. North Macedonia is an EU candidate and Poland is an EU member.
Norway		See Norway–Poland relations Norway has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Oslo. Both countries are full members of NATO and the Council of the Baltic Sea States. There are over 100,000 Poles in Norway, forming the largest minority group of the country (as of 2019).
Portugal	11 July 1974	See Poland–Portugal relations Poland has an embassy in Lisbon. Portugal has an embassy in Warsaw. Both nations are members of the European Union, NATO and of the Council of Europe.
Romania	1919-02-09	See Poland–Romania relations Poland has an embassy in Bucharest. [200] Romania has an embassy in Warsaw and 3 honorary consulates (in Gdynia, Katowice and Poznań). [201] Both nations are members of the European Union, NATO and of the Council of Europe. See also Polish–Romanian alliance
Russia		See Poland–Russia relations Russia was one of the three partitioners of Poland, along with Austria and Prussia/Germany. The joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland of 1939 started World War II. In recent years, relations with Russia have worsened considerably. During the Russo-Georgian War Poland stated its support for Georgia and condemned Russia's actions. The Polish believed the war was carried out by the Russians in an attempt to reestablish and reassert its dominance over its former republics. Since 2009, however, relations with Russia somewhat improved, despite the Smolensk air disaster where the former Polish president died on what is still considered a controversial event. After the annexation of Crimea by Russia the relations deteriorated again, as Poland strongly condemned Russian actions against Ukraine. Poland has an embassy in Moscow and consulates-general in Irkutsk, Kaliningrad and Saint Petersburg. Russia has an embassy in Warsaw and consulates-general in Gdańsk, Kraków and Poznań. Both countries are full members of the Council of the Baltic Sea States.
Serbia	1919	See Poland–Serbia relations Poland has an embassy in Belgrade. Serbia has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland is an EU member and Serbia is an EU candidate. Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Poland Archived 2020-07-28 at the Wayback Machine
Slovakia	1993	See Poland–Slovakia relations Poland has an embassy in Bratislava. [202] Slovakia has an embassy in Warsaw and a consulate-general in Kraków. [203] Both countries are full members of NATO, the European Union and the Visegrád Group. Both countries share 539 kilometres (335 miles) of common borders. [166]
Slovenia	1992-4-10 [204]	Slovenia has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Ljubljana. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Spain	1919-5-19 [205]	See Poland–Spain relations Poland has an embassy in Madrid and a consulate-general in Barcelona. Spain has an embassy in Warsaw. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Sweden	1919-6-3 [205]	See Poland–Sweden relations Poland and Sweden formed the Polish–Swedish union in the late 16th century. Poland and Sweden share a maritime border in the Baltic Sea. Poland has an embassy in Stockholm. Sweden has an embassy in Warsaw. Both countries are full members of the European Union, NATO, the Council of Europe and the Council of the Baltic Sea States. There are over 90,000 Poles in Sweden, forming one of the largest minority groups of the country (as of 2019).
Switzerland		Poland has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Warsaw. Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Poland
Ukraine	1992-1-4 [206]	See Poland–Ukraine relations Both countries share a border of about 529 kilometres (329 miles). [166] Poland's acceptance of the Schengen Agreement created problems with the Ukrainian border traffic. On July 1, 2009 an agreement on local border traffic between the two country's came into effect. This agreement enables Ukrainian citizens living in border regions to cross the Polish frontier according to a liberalized procedure. [207] Poland has an embassy in Kyiv and consulates-general in Kharkiv, Lviv, Lutsk, Odesa and Vinnytsia Ukraine has an embassy in Warsaw and consulates-general in Gdańsk, Kraków, Lublin and Opole. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. Poland is an EU member and Ukraine is an EU candidate.
United Kingdom	1919-2-25 [208]	See Poland–United Kingdom relations During the Cold War Poland retained a largely negative view of Britain as a sluggish ally of Poland during World War II, later acceptance of neglecting Poland in the international arena and placing it in communist influences. In communist times the UK was a part of the NATO block, so consequently it was considered by the communists as natural enemy of the communist bloc. British efforts meanwhile were focussed at trying to break Poland off from the Warsaw Pact and encouraging reforms in the country. In the 1990s and 2000s democratic Poland has maintained close relations with Britain; both in defence matters and within the EU; Britain being one of only a few countries allowing equal rights to Polish workers upon their accession in 2004. [209] Poland has an embassy in London and consulates-general in Belfast, Edinburgh and Manchester. [210] United Kingdom has an embassy in Warsaw. According to official estimates there were around 900,000 Poles living in the UK in December 2019. [211] Both countries are full members of NATO.

Oceania

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Australia	February 1972	See Australia–Poland relations Australia has an embassy in Warsaw. [212] Poland has an embassy in Canberra and a consulate-general in Sydney. [213] Both countries are full members of the OECD.
Micronesia	12 February 2019	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 February 2019. [214] Poland is accredited to Micronesia from its embassy in Canberra, Australia. Micronesia currently does not have an accredited ambassador to Poland.
New Zealand	1 March 1973	See New Zealand–Poland relations New Zealand has an embassy in Warsaw. [215] Poland has an embassy in Wellington. [216] Both countries are full members of the OECD.
Papua New Guinea		See Papua New Guinea–Poland relations Papua New Guinea is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Brussels. Poland is accredited to Papua New Guinea from its embassy in Canberra, and there is an honorary consulate of Poland in Madang. [217]
Solomon Islands	6 March 2012	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 March 2012. [218] Poland is accredited to the Solomon Islands from its embassy in Canberra, Australia. Solomon Islands are accredited to Poland from its embassy Brussels, Belgium.

See also

• List of diplomatic missions in Poland
• List of diplomatic missions of Poland
• Polish involvement in the 2003 invasion of Iraq

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Further reading

• Biskupski, M. B. The History of Poland. Greenwood, 2000. 264 pp. online edition Archived 2008-02-13 at the Wayback Machine
• The Cambridge History of Poland, 2 vols., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1941 (1697–1935), 1950 (to 1696). New York: Octagon Books, 1971 online edition vol 1 to 1696 Archived 2008-02-13 at the Wayback Machine , old fashioned but highly detailed
• Davies, Norman. God's Playground. A History of Poland. Vol. 2: 1795 to the Present. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982 / ISBN   0-19-925340-4.
• Davies, Norman. Heart of Europe: A Short History of Poland. Oxford University Press, 1984. 511 pp. excerpt and text search
• Fedorowicz, Krzysztof (July 2007). "National Identity and National Interest in Polish Eastern Policy, 1989-2004". Nationalities Papers . 35 (3): 537–553. doi:10.1080/00905990701368761. hdl: 10593/26952 . S2CID   154831664.
• Frucht, Richard. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the Fall of Communism Garland Pub., 2000 online edition Archived 2010-03-18 at the Wayback Machine
• Gerson Louis L. Woodrow Wilson and the Rebirth of Poland 1914-1920 (1972)
• Hetherington, Peter. Unvanquished: Joseph Pilsudski, Resurrected Poland, and the Struggle for Eastern Europe (2012) 752pp excerpt and text search
• Kenney, Padraic. "After the Blank Spots Are Filled: Recent Perspectives on Modern Poland," Journal of Modern History (2007) 79#1 pp 134–61, in JSTOR historiography
• Klatt, Malgorzata. "Poland and its Eastern neighbours: Foreign policy principles." Journal of Contemporary European Research 7.1 (2011): 61-76. online
• Korbel, Josef. Poland Between East and West: Soviet and German Diplomacy toward Poland, 1919–1933 (Princeton University Press, 1963)
• Kuźniar, R. ed. Poland's Security Policy 1989-2000 (Warsaw: Scholar Publishing House, 2001).
• Lerski, George J. Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood, 1996. 750 pp. online
• Leslie, R. F. et al. The History of Poland since 1863. Cambridge U. Press, 1980. 494 pp. excerpt ^{[ dead link ]}
• Lukowski, Jerzy and Zawadzki, Hubert. A Concise History of Poland. (2nd ed. Cambridge U. Press, 2006). 408pp. excerpts and search
• Magocsi, Paul Robert t al. A History of East Central Europe (1974).
• Pogonowski, Iwo Cyprian. Poland: A Historical Atlas. Hippocrene, 1987. 321 pp.
• Prazmowska, Anita J. A History of Poland (2004\)
• Sanford, George. Historical Dictionary of Poland. Scarecrow Press, 2003. 291 pp.
• Snyder, Timothy. The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999 (2003).
• Wróbel, Piotr. Historical Dictionary of Poland, 1945-1996. Greenwood, 1998. 397 pp.
• Zięba, Ryszard. Poland's Foreign and Security Policy Springer, 2020) online