Foreign relations of Switzerland

The foreign relations of Switzerland are the primary responsibility of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA). Some international relations of Switzerland are handled by other departments of the federal administration of Switzerland.

History

The First Geneva Convention (1864). Geneva is the city that hosts the highest number of international organisations in the world.

Article 54 of the Swiss Constitution of 1999 declares the safeguarding of Switzerland's independence and welfare as the principal objective of Swiss foreign policy. Below this overarching goal, the Constitution specifies these foreign policy objectives:

• alleviate need and poverty in the world;
• promote respect for human rights and democracy;
• promote the peaceful coexistence of peoples;
• promote preservation of natural resources.

These objectives reflect the Swiss moral obligation to undertake social, economic, and humanitarian activities that contribute to world peace and prosperity. This is manifested by Swiss bilateral and multilateral diplomatic activity, assistance to developing countries, and support for the extension of international law, particularly humanitarian law.

Traditionally, Switzerland has avoided alliances that might entail military, political, or direct economic action. Only in recent years have the Swiss broadened the scope of activities in which they feel able to participate without compromising their neutrality. Switzerland is not a member of the European Union and joined the United Nations very late compared to its European neighbours.

Switzerland maintains diplomatic relations with almost all countries and historically has served as a neutral intermediary and host to major international treaty conferences. The country has no major dispute in its bilateral relations.

Switzerland (mainly Geneva) is home to many international governmental and nongovernmental organisations, including the International Olympic Committee, the International Committee of the Red Cross and the European Broadcasting Union. One of the first international organisations, the Universal Postal Union, is located in Bern.

United Nations

Session in the Palace of Nations in Geneva

Switzerland, fearing that its status as a neutral country would be damaged, did not join the United Nations when it was created in 1945. ^[2] On 10 September 2002, Switzerland became a full member of the United Nations, after a referendum supporting full membership won in a close vote six months earlier; Swiss voters had rejected membership by a 3-to-1 margin in 1986. The 2002 vote made Switzerland the first and only country to join based on a popular vote. ^[3] Conversely, on 17 May 1992, Swiss voters approved by a healthy margin (55 percent in favour) the decision to join the IMF and the World Bank. Less than two weeks later, but a full two years after the initial application, Switzerland finally became a member of the IMF on 29 May of that same year.

Prior to its formal accession to the United Nations, Switzerland had maintained an observer role at the UN's General Assembly and its Economic and Social Council. Prior to full membership it had no right to a seat as one of the elected members of the UN Security Council. Switzerland was elected as a member of the United Nations Security Council for the period 2023–2024 on 9 June 2022. Switzerland says it intends to play its role as a "bridge builder". ^[4] Other stated priorities are peace building, supporting women into the political process, minorities rights and human rights and more transparency from the Security Council. ^[5]

Switzerland has fully participated within many of the UN's specialised institutions, including the Economic Commission for Europe, United Nations Environment Programme, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UN Conference on Trade and Development, UN Industrial Development Organization, and the Universal Postal Union. Switzerland has also furnished military observers and medical teams to several UN operations.^{[ which? ]}

Switzerland is a party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice.

Support of UN sanctions

The Swiss government on 25 June 2003, eased most of the sanctions against the Republic of Iraq in accord with UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1483. The government lifted the trade embargo, flight restrictions, and financial sanctions in place since August 1990. The weapons embargo and the asset freeze, the scope of which was extended, remain in force, and restrictions on the trade in Iraqi cultural goods were newly imposed. Though not a member at the time, Switzerland had joined UN sanctions against Iraq after the invasion of Kuwait.

Switzerland also has joined UN economic sanctions imposed on Libya, Sierra Leone, UNITA (Angola), Liberia, and Serbia/Montenegro. On 15 October 2003, the Federal Council ended the import restrictions on raw diamonds from Sierra Leone and lifted sanctions against Libya.

Switzerland in October 2000 implemented an ordinance to enforce UN sanctions against the Taliban (UNSCR 1267), which it subsequently amended in April 2001 in accord with tighter UN regulations (UNSCR 1333). On 2 May 2002, the Swiss Government eased the sanctions regime in accord with UNSCR 1388 and 1390, lifting the ban on the sale of acetic acid (used in drug production), Afghan airlines, and Afghan diplomatic representations. The weapons embargo, travel restrictions, and financial sanctions remain in force.

The Swiss Government in November 2001 issued an ordinance declaring illegal the terrorist organisation Al-Qaeda as well as possible successor or supporting organisations. More than 200 individuals or companies linked to international terrorism have been blacklisted to have their assets frozen. Thus far, Swiss authorities have blocked about 72 accounts totalling U.S.$22.6 million.

EU and other international organizations

Switzerland and Denmark signed a treaty of Friendship in 1875.

Switzerland is a member of many international organizations, including the World Trade Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, European Free Trade Association, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, International Atomic Energy Agency, and International Telecommunications Satellite Organization. Its central bank is a member of the Bank for International Settlements, based in Basel.

Switzerland is an active participant in the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, its foreign minister serving as Chairman-in-Office for 1996. Switzerland also is an active participant in the major nonproliferation and export control regimes.

Although it is surrounded by member nations, Switzerland is not a member nation of the European Union. In 1992 Swiss voters approved membership in the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, but later that year rejected the European Economic Area agreement, which the government viewed as a first step toward European Union membership. The Swiss instead take part in the European single market and Schengen through bilateral treaties.

More complete list of memberships:

ACCT, AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CE, CERN, CGPM, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA, FAO, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD (World Bank), ICAO, ICC, ICC, ICDO, ICFTU, ICMM, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFCS, IFRCS, IGC, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, IWC, LAIA (observer), NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIE, OPCW, OSCE, OTIF, PCA, PFP, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC.

Participation in peacekeeping

While the Swiss electorate did reject a government proposition to directly deploy Swiss troops as UN peacekeepers (the Blue Helmets) in 1994, a total of 23 Swiss personnel including police and military observers (the Blue Berets) have served or are now serving for the United Nations. These dispositions are impartial, clearly defined and cover a number of UN projects around the globe. ^[6]

In 1996 Switzerland joined NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council in 1997, and deployed Yellow Berets to support the OSCE in Bosnia. In June 2001, Swiss voters approved new legislation providing for the deployment of armed Swiss troops for international peacekeeping missions under UN or OSCE auspices as well as closer international cooperation in military training.

Since 1999, the Swiss army is participating through SWISSCOY in the peace keeping mission of the Kosovo Force (KFOR) based on UN-resolution 1244, with prolonged presence until 2014, after approval by the Swiss federal assembly in Spring 2011. Main duties include the supervision of civilian reconstruction efforts, monitoring and protection of patrimonial sites, military police and medical assistance. ^[7]

Representation of foreign entities and in foreign disputes

The ministers of foreign affairs of Germany, the United Kingdom, China, the United States, France, Russia, the European Union and Iran meeting in Geneva for the interim agreement on the Iranian nuclear programme (2013).

Under a series of treaties concluded after the First World War, Switzerland assumed responsibility for the diplomatic and consular representation of Liechtenstein, the protection of its borders, and the regulation of its customs.

Due to its long-standing neutrality, Switzerland has served as the protecting power for many countries, that did not have diplomatic relations with each other. This reached an apex during the Second World War, when Switzerland formally undertook 219 mandates for 35 states, and represented another eight states unofficially. ^[8] After the Second World War, Switzerland served an additional 67 mandates for various countries, including those between Cuba and other nations in the Western Hemisphere after the 1959 Cuban Revolution, between Middle Eastern nations following the outbreak of the Yom Kippur War in 1973, and between India and Pakistan prior to the formalization of relations in 1976.

Switzerland also represented Cuba in the United States between 1991 and 2015. ^{[9] [ check quotation syntax ]} Today, Switzerland has seven protecting power mandates:

• United States interests in both Cuba (until 2015) and Iran
• Cuban interest in the United States (until 2015)
• Iranian interests in both Canada and Egypt
• Saudi Arabian and Iranian interests with each other (Iran and Saudi Arabia have direct diplomatic relations since August 2023) ^[10]
• Georgian and Russian interests with each other

Switzerland played a key role in brokering a truce agreement between the Sudanese Government and Sudan People's Liberation Army for the Nuba Mountains region, signed after a week's negotiations taking place near Lucerne in January 2002. Switzerland has also sent services to allied troops in the War in Afghanistan. ^[11]

Switzerland is also playing a major role in Palestinian politics, trying to act as a mediator between Fatah and Hamas regarding the integration of employees in Gaza. The Swiss diplomatic efforts lead to an agreement called "the Swiss Document" which initially was approved by both Palestinian parties. ^[12]

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Switzerland decided to adopt all EU sanctions against Russia. According to the Swiss President Ignazio Cassis, the measures were "unprecedented but consistent with Swiss neutrality". The administration also confirmed that Switzerland would continue to offer its services to find a peaceful solution in the conflict. Switzerland only participates in humanitarian missions and provides relief supplies to the Ukrainian population and neighbouring countries. ^[13] In August 2022, Russia rejected a proposed Swiss mandate to represent Ukrainian interests in Russia, considering that Switzerland had lost its neutral status. ^[14]

On 18 April 2023, Federal Councilor Alain Berset paid an official visit to Berlin, Germany at the invitation of Chancellor Olaf Scholz. At the center of the discussions was the refusal by Switzerland to allow the re-exporting of ammunition and arms to the crisis region in Ukraine. While the talks took place in a friendly atmosphere, Alain Berset insisted on the traditional application of Swiss neutrality towards the sale of military hardware to Germany for use in that conflict. A number of parliamentary efforts by Swiss lawmakers to allow such sales were already rejected previously. ^[15]

On 1 May 2023, Saudi Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources Bandar Al-Khorayef made an official visit to the Swiss Confederation, meeting with Swiss State Secretary for Economic Affairs, Helene Budliger Artieda, and Chairwoman of the Board at Swiss Export Risk Insurance (SERV), Barbara Hayoz. The talks were mainly addressing export cooperation between the two nations, and the Saudi minister also held a talk at the meeting of the World Economic Forum in January 2023. Switzerland also represented Saudi interests in Iran before diplomatic relations were restored in April 2023. ^{[16] [17]}

Diplomatic representations

• Diplomatic representations of Switzerland: Official list
• Diplomatic representations in Switzerland: Official list

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Switzerland maintains diplomatic relations with:

#	Country	Date
1	France	29 November 1516 [18]
—	Holy See	1553 [19]
2	United Kingdom	30 August 1689 [20]
3	Netherlands	31 January 1814 [21]
4	Russia	6 March 1814 [22]
5	Uruguay	1828 [23]
6	El Salvador	1841 [24]
7	Belgium	30 September 1845 [25]
8	United States	29 June 1853 [26]
9	Brazil	1855 [27]
10	Italy	12 February 1860 [28]
11	Japan	6 February 1864 [29]
12	Costa Rica	1865 [30]
13	Portugal	5 November 1872 [31]
14	Denmark	10 February 1875 [32]
15	Venezuela	10 April 1878 [33]
16	Mexico	31 December 1882 [34]
17	Peru	1884 [35]
18	Paraguay	1887 [36]
19	Sweden	1887 [37]
20	Ecuador	1888 [38]
21	Argentina	12 September 1891 [39]
22	Chile	31 October 1897 [40]
23	Turkey	1899 [41]
24	Cuba	18 June 1902 [42]
25	Panama	6 May 1904 [43]
26	Norway	22 January 1906 [44]
27	Guatemala	14 December 1906 [45]
28	Colombia	14 March 1908 [46]
29	Romania	9 May 1911 [47]
30	Bulgaria	31 October 1915 [48]
31	Serbia	1916 [49]
32	Greece	8 October 1917 [50]
33	Luxembourg	24 November 1917 [51]
34	Hungary	1918 [52]
35	Iran	4 March 1919 [53]
36	Poland	12 March 1919 [54]
37	Liechtenstein	March 1919 [55]
38	Czech Republic	30 April 1919 [56]
39	Finland	29 January 1926 [57]
40	Afghanistan	20 April 1928 [58]
41	Thailand	28 May 1931 [59]
42	Egypt	11 March 1935 [60]
43	Dominican Republic	1936 [61]
44	Spain	14 February 1939 [62]
45	Ireland	1939 [63]
46	Haiti	29 September 1941 [64]
47	Canada	24 June 1945 [65]
48	Austria	2 November 1945 [66]
49	Syria	1945 [67]
50	Bolivia	15 February 1946 [68]
51	Lebanon	27 February 1946 [69]
52	Iraq	1 May 1946 [70]
53	Iceland	15 July 1947 [71]
54	India	14 August 1948 [72]
55	Jordan	26 March 1949 [73]
56	Pakistan	1949 [74]
57	China	17 January 1950 [75]
58	Israel	25 June 1951 [76]
59	Indonesia	2 November 1951 [77] [78]
60	South Africa	11 March 1952 [79]
61	Ethiopia	2 May 1952 [80]
62	Germany	6 May 1952 [81]
63	Saudi Arabia	12 July 1956 [82]
64	Sri Lanka	7 November 1956 [83]
65	Nepal	10 November 1956 [84]
66	Morocco	28 November 1956 [85]
67	Tunisia	1956 [86]
68	Myanmar	1 August 1957 [87]
69	Honduras	12 August 1957 [88]
70	Philippines	30 August 1957 [89]
71	Laos	3 September 1957 [90]
72	Nicaragua	1957 [91]
73	Monaco	27 May 1959 [92]
74	Somalia	5 July 1960 [93]
75	Ghana	19 July 1960 [94]
76	Guinea	19 July 1960 [94]
77	Liberia	19 July 1960 [94]
78	Togo	19 July 1960 [94]
79	Nigeria	1 October 1960 [95]
80	Sudan	27 December 1960 [96]
81	Mali	26 May 1961 [97]
82	Mauritania	26 May 1961 [98]
83	Niger	26 May 1961 [99]
84	Senegal	26 May 1961 [100]
85	Australia	3 June 1961 [101]
86	Madagascar	13 June 1961 [102]
87	Ivory Coast	26 July 1961 [103]
88	Libya	5 September 1961 [104]
89	Burkina Faso	17 October 1961 [105]
90	Cameroon	9 November 1961 [106]
91	Benin	21 November 1961 [107]
92	Democratic Republic of the Congo	12 October 1962 [108]
93	Algeria	13 November 1962 [109]
94	New Zealand	4 December 1962 [110]
95	Jamaica	12 December 1962 [111]
96	Sierra Leone	1962 [112]
97	Malaysia	3 January 1963 [113]
98	South Korea	11 February 1963 [114]
99	Rwanda	12 November 1963 [115]
100	Cyprus	3 December 1963 [116]
101	Chad	16 December 1963 [117]
102	Trinidad and Tobago	1963 [118]
103	Burundi	13 January 1964 [119]
104	Central African Republic	11 February 1964 [120]
105	Gabon	11 February 1964 [121]
106	Kenya	28 February 1964 [122]
107	Uganda	1 March 1964 [123]
108	Republic of the Congo	21 April 1964 [121]
109	Mongolia	22 May 1964 [124]
110	Tanzania	1964 [125]
111	Malta	25 March 1966 [126]
112	Gambia	30 March 1966 [127]
113	Zambia	10 June 1966 [121]
114	Malawi	19 May 1966 [128]
115	Kuwait	21 September 1966 [129]
116	Cambodia	9 October 1967 [130]
117	Singapore	11 October 1967 [131]
118	Botswana	22 August 1967 [132]
119	Lesotho	22 August 1967 [132]
120	Equatorial Guinea	4 November 1968 [133]
121	Mauritius	11 March 1969 [134]
122	Eswatini	6 August 1969 [135]
123	Albania	20 July 1970 [136]
124	Vietnam	11 October 1971 [137]
125	Bangladesh	14 June 1972 [138]
126	Yemen	1972 [139]
127	Bahrain	12 September 1973 [140]
128	Oman	12 September 1973 [140]
129	Qatar	12 September 1973 [140]
130	United Arab Emirates	12 September 1973 [140]
131	Bahamas	June 1974 [141]
132	North Korea	20 December 1974 [142]
133	Mozambique	12 April 1976 [143]
134	Papua New Guinea	2 June 1976 [144]
135	Angola	30 September 1976 [145]
136	Comoros	1 March 1977 [146]
137	Guyana	24 May 1977 [147]
138	Suriname	11 July 1979 [148]
139	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	1979 [149]
140	Barbados	4 March 1980 [150]
141	Zimbabwe	2 July 1980 [151]
142	Cape Verde	1980 [152]
143	Seychelles	10 March 1981 [153]
144	Maldives	23 June 1981 [154]
145	Samoa	1 August 1981 [155]
146	Grenada	1981 [156]
147	Vanuatu	5 May 1982 [157]
148	Djibouti	23 December 1982 [158]
149	Guinea-Bissau	22 February 1983 [159]
150	Antigua and Barbuda	14 December 1983 [160]
151	Brunei	1984 [161]
152	São Tomé and Príncipe	28 February 1985 [162]
153	Tonga	13 September 1985 [163]
154	Bhutan	16 September 1985 [164]
155	Belize	July 1989 [165]
156	Fiji	1989 [166]
157	Namibia	22 April 1990 [167]
158	Estonia	4 September 1991 [168]
159	Latvia	5 September 1991 [169]
160	Lithuania	5 September 1991 [170]
161	Azerbaijan	21 January 1992 [171]
162	Croatia	30 January 1992 [172]
163	Slovenia	31 January 1992 [173]
164	Ukraine	6 February 1992 [174]
165	Belarus	10 February 1992 [175]
166	Kyrgyzstan	14 February 1992 [176]
167	Armenia	30 April 1992 [177]
168	Uzbekistan	7 May 1992 [178]
169	Kazakhstan	1 June 1992 [179]
170	Georgia	10 June 1992 [180]
171	Turkmenistan	13 July 1992 [181]
172	Moldova	2 September 1992 [182]
173	Saint Kitts and Nevis	17 November 1992 [183]
174	Tajikistan	9 December 1992 [184]
175	Slovakia	1 January 1993 [185]
176	Bosnia and Herzegovina	3 February 1993 [186]
177	North Macedonia	31 December 1993 [187]
178	Eritrea	22 March 1994 [188]
179	San Marino	10 July 1995 [189]
180	Andorra	6 September 1995 [190]
181	Palau	31 August 2001 [191]
182	East Timor	16 September 2002 [192]
183	Marshall Islands	22 January 2003 [192]
184	Federated States of Micronesia	22 April 2003 [193]
185	Nauru	2003 [194]
186	Kiribati	1 June 2004 [195]
187	Tuvalu	4 November 2005 [196]
188	Dominica	2005 [197]
189	Saint Lucia	10 June 2006 [198]
190	Montenegro	5 July 2006 [199]
191	Solomon Islands	20 December 2007 [200]
—	Kosovo	28 March 2008 [201]
—	Cook Islands	7 March 2011 [202]
192	South Sudan	23 May 2012 [203]
—	Niue	9 August 2023 [204]

Multilateral

Organization	Formal Relations Began	Notes
European Union	1972	See Switzerland–European Union relations Switzerland is not a member of the European Union.
NATO		See Switzerland–NATO relations Switzerland is not a member of NATO. Switzerland joined the NATO Partnership for Peace on 11 December 1996.

Bilateral relations

Africa

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Algeria	13 November 1962	Algeria has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Algiers.
Angola	30 September 1976	Angola has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Luanda.
Chad	16 December 1963	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 December 1963 when appointed first Ambassador of Switzerland to Chad (resident in Lagos) Mr. Giovanni Enrico Bucher [205] Chad has an embassy in Geneva. Switzerland has a Cooperation Office in N'Djamena.
Egypt	11 March 1935	See Egypt–Switzerland relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 March 1935 when Mr. Henri Martin, first Minister of Switzerland to Egypt, presented his letters of credentials. [206] Egypt has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Cairo.
Ethiopia	2 May 1952	Ethiopia has an embassy in Geneva. Switzerland has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
Kenya	28 February 1964	See Kenya–Switzerland relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 February 1964 when appointed first Ambassador of Switzerland to Kenya (resident in Addis Ababa) Mr. Roger Dürr [207] Kenya has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Nairobi.
Madagascar	13 June 1961	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 June 1961. Madagascar has an embassy in Geneva. Switzerland has an embassy in Antananarivo.
Nigeria	1 October 1960	Nigeria has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
Senegal	26 May 1961	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 May 1961. Senegal has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Dakar.
South Africa	11 March 1952	See South Africa–Switzerland relations South Africa has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Pretoria and a general consulate in Cape Town. South African Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Switzerland Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with South Africa

Americas

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Argentina	12 September 1891	See Argentina–Switzerland relations Argentina has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Buenos Aires. List of Treaties ruling relations Argentina and Switzerland (Argentine Foreign Ministry, in Spanish) Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Argentina
Brazil		Brazil has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Brasília and consulates-general in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.
Canada	1945	See Canada–Switzerland relations Canada has an embassy in Bern and a consulate in Geneva. Switzerland has an embassy in Ottawa and consulates-general in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver.
Chile		Chile has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Santiago.
Colombia		See Colombia–Switzerland relations Colombia has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Bogotá.
Cuba	18 June 1902	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 June 1902. Embassy of Switzerland in Havana Cuba has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Havana.
Dominican Republic	1936	See Dominican Republic-Switzerland relations Dominican Republic has an embassy in Bern and a consulate in Zürich Switzerland has an embassy in Santo Domingo The DR is home to the largest Swiss community in the Caribbean
Mexico	1827	See Mexico–Switzerland relations Mexico has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Mexico City. Both countries are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
Nicaragua	1956	Nicaragua has an embassy in Geneva. Switzerland is accredited to Nicaragua from its embassy in San José, Costa Rica and maintains an honorary consulate in Managua. Relations with Nicaragua and Switzerland focus on development cooperation, humanitarian aid and trade.
Peru		Main article: Peru–Switzerland relations Peru has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Lima
United States	1853	See Switzerland–United States relations The first official U.S.–Swiss consular relations were established in the late 1820s. Diplomatic relations were established in 1853 by the U.S. and in 1868 by Switzerland. The U.S. ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to the Principality of Liechtenstein. Switzerland has an embassy in Washington, D.C., and consulates-general in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York City and San Francisco. United States has an embassy in Bern and maintains consular agencies in Geneva and Zürich.
Uruguay	1828	See Switzerland–Uruguay relations Both countries share a long history of mutual economic relations, and they established diplomatic relations in 1828. [208] [209] Uruguay became a popular destination for Swiss migrants starting in the 1860s. [210] In 1931 Uruguay called for a Swiss style parliamentary system. [211] In the twentieth century, Uruguay has looked to Switzerland as a model for government, historical and cultural ties go back to at least the nineteenth century. [212] There are 956 people with Swiss passports residing in Uruguay in 2009. [213] Uruguay was described as the "Switzerland of the Americas" in a 1951 The New York Times article for its popularity as a haven for capital fleeing Europe at the time and its adoption of Swiss-inspired banking laws. [214] Thomas J. Knight also wrote that "Uruguay has for most of its history been the 'Switzerland' of South America." [215] Switzerland has an embassy in Montevideo. Uruguay has an embassy in Bern.

Asia

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Armenia		See Armenia–Switzerland relations Switzerland recognized Armenia as an independent state on 23 December 1991. The two countries have maintained diplomatic relations ever since. Armenia has an embassy in Geneva. Switzerland has an embassy in Yerevan.
Azerbaijan	21 January 1992	See Azerbaijan–Switzerland relations Azerbaijan has an embassy in Bern [216] Switzerland has an embassy in Baku. [217]
China		See China–Switzerland relations China has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Beijing and consulates-general in Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Shanghai.
Georgia		Georgia has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Tbilisi.
India	1948	See India–Switzerland relations India has an embassy in Bern and consulates in Geneva and Zürich. [218] Switzerland has an embassy in New Delhi and a consulate in Bangalore and Mumbai. [219] India is one of Switzerland's most important partners in Asia. Bilateral and political contacts are constantly developing, and trade and scientific cooperation between the two countries are flourishing. [220] Switzerland was the first country in the World to sign a Friendship treaty with India in 1947. [221]
Indonesia	2 November 1951	See Indonesia–Switzerland relations In 2010, the heads of state of the two countries agreed to launch negotiations on a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. [222] Switzerland has named Indonesia as one of seven priority countries for economic development co-operation. [223] Indonesia has an embassy in Bern, while Switzerland has an embassy in Jakarta, also accredited for East Timor and ASEAN. On 6 December 1973, the Indonesian and Swiss governments signed an agreement to establish Polytechnic for Mechanics within the Bandung Institute of Technology at Bandung. [224] Today, the Swiss Mechanics Polytechnic has transformed into Bandung State Polytechnic for Manufacture.
Iran	4 March 1919	See Iran–Switzerland relations Iran has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Tehran.
Iraq	1 May 1946	See Iraq–Switzerland relations In November 2000 Switzerland opened a diplomatic liaison office in Baghdad to safeguard its interests. Bilateral relations became closer after the Iraq War in 2003. Iraq has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland is accredited to Iraq from its embassy in Amman, Jordan.
Israel		See Israel–Switzerland relations Switzerland recognized Israel on 25 January 1949 and opened a consulate in Tel Aviv. Israel has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Tel Aviv and an honorary consulate in Eilat. See also History of the Jews in Switzerland Israeli embassy in Bern (in French, German and Italian only) Swiss Department of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Israel
Japan	6 February 1864	Japan has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Tokyo.
Kazakhstan		Kazakhstan has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Nur-Sultan.
Lebanon		Lebanon has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Beirut.
Malaysia	1963	See Malaysia–Switzerland relations Malaysia has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
North Korea	December 1974 [225]	See North Korea–Switzerland relations North Korea has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland is accredited to North Korea from its embassy in Beijing, China.
Northern Cyprus		Northern Cyprus has a Representative Office in Geneva. [226]
Pakistan		Switzerland recognised Pakistan's independence from Great Britain in 1947, and the two states established diplomatic relations in 1949. [227] Switzerland ranks fifth in terms of foreign direct investment in Pakistan. [228] [229] Pakistan has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Islamabad and a consulate-general in Karachi.
Palestine		See Palestine–Switzerland relations Switzerland has a representative office in Ramallah. [230] Palestine has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has a representative office in Ramallah.
Philippines	1957	Bilateral ties between the Philippines and Switzerland dates back to the early 19th century when Swiss traders, missionaries and travelers went to Southeast Asia. A Swiss representation in the Philippines was proposed in 1851, which was realized with the opening of a Swiss honorary consulate in Manila in 1862. Formal relations was established between the two countries on 30 August 1957. [231] Philippines has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Manila.
Saudi Arabia	12 July 1956	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 July 1956. Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Bern and a consulate-general in Geneva. Switzerland has an embassy in Riyadh.
Singapore		Singapore is accredited to Switzerland from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs based in Singapore. Switzerland has an embassy in Singapore. Bilateral relations Switzerland–Singapore
South Korea	11 February 1963 [232]	See South Korea–Switzerland relations The establishment of diplomatic relations between South Korea and the Switzerland began on 11 February 1963. South Korea and Switzerland have had a close relationship since the Korean War. South Korea has an embassy in Bern. [233] Switzerland has an embassy in Seoul. [234] Swiss Department of Foreign Affairs about the relation with the Republic of Korea (in German only) the MOFA of the Republic of Korea about the relation with Swiss Confederation (in Korean only)
Sri Lanka	7 November 1956	See Sri Lanka-Switzerland relations Sri Lanka has an embassy in Bern,Switzerland. Switzerland has an embassy in Colombo.
Thailand	28 May 1931	See Foreign relations of Thailand Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 1931. Thailand has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Bangkok.
Turkey		See Switzerland–Turkey relations Switzerland has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate-general in Istanbul. Turkey has an embassy in Bern and consulates-general in Geneva and Zürich. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
United Arab Emirates	12 September 1973	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1973. UAE has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
Vietnam	11 October 1971	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 October 1971. Both countries are full members of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. Switzerland has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate-general in Ho Chi Minh City. Vietnam has an embassy in Bern.

Europe

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Albania	20 July 1970	Albania has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Tirana. See Albanians in Switzerland
Austria	1687	See Austria–Switzerland relations Austria has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Vienna. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
Belarus	1992	Switzerland recognized Belarus on 23 December 1991. Belarus has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Minsk. Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Belarus
Belgium	30 September 1845	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1845 when Constantin Rodenbach has been appointed as first Belgian Charge d'Affaires to Switzerland. [235] Belgium has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Brussels.
Bosnia and Herzegovina		Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Sarajevo.
Bulgaria	1905	Switzerland recognized Bulgaria on 28 November 1879. Bulgaria has an embassy in Bern. [236] Switzerland has an embassy in Sofia. [237] Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Bulgaria
Croatia		Croatia has an embassy in Bern a general consulate in Zürich and 2 honorary consulates in Lugano and Massagno. Switzerland has an embassy in Zagreb a consulate in Split and honorary consulate in Smoljanci. [238] More than 45,000 Croats live in Switzerland. Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration: list of bilateral treaties signed with Switzerland Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Croatia
Cyprus		Cyprus is accredited to Switzerland from its embassy in Rome, Italy. Switzerland has an embassy in Nicosia.
Czech Republic		Czech Republic has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Prague.
Denmark	1875	See Denmark–Switzerland relations Denmark has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Copenhagen.
Finland		Finland has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Helsinki. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
France	April 1521	See France–Switzerland relations France has an embassy in Bern and consulates-general in Geneva and Zürich. [239] Switzerland has an embassy in Paris, at the Hôtel de Besenval, and consulates-general in Lyon, Marseille and Strasbourg. [240]
Germany	1871	See Germany–Switzerland relations Germany has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Berlin and consulates-general in Frankfurt, Munich and Stuttgart.
Greece	8 October 1917	See Greece–Switzerland relations Greece has an embassy in Bern and consulates-general in Geneva. Switzerland has an embassy in Athens.
Hungary		Hungary has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Budapest.
Ireland		Ireland has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Dublin.
Italy	12 February 1860	See Italy–Switzerland relations Italy has an embassy in Bern and consulates-general in Geneva, Lugano and Zürich and a consulate in Basel. Switzerland has an embassy in Rome and a consulate-general in Milan.
Kosovo		See Kosovo–Switzerland relations Switzerland recognized Kosovo on 27 February 2008. [241] Switzerland has an embassy in Pristina since 28 March 2008. [242] Kosovo will open an embassy in Bern. In September 2008, Swiss authorities initially expressed reservation for Designate Ambassador Naim Mala due to his double nationality [243] but latter accepted him. Switzerland currently has 212 troops serving in Kosovo as peacekeepers in the NATO led Kosovo Force. [244]
Liechtenstein		See Liechtenstein–Switzerland relations Liechtenstein has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland is accredited to Liechtenstein from its Federal Department of Foreign Affairs in Bern and maintains an honorary consulate in Vaduz.
Moldova	2 September 1992	See Moldova–Switzerland relations Moldova has an embassy in Geneva. Switzerland is accredited to Moldova from its embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine and maintains an honorary consulate in Chişinău. Moldovan Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration about relations with Switzerland Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Switzerland Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Moldova
Netherlands		Netherlands has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in The Hague.
Norway		Norway has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Oslo.
Poland		Poland has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Warsaw.
Portugal		Portugal has an embassy in Bern and consulates-general in Geneva and Zürich and consular offices in Lugano and Sion. Switzerland has an embassy in Lisbon and a consulate in Porto.
Romania		See Romania–Switzerland relations Since the 1990s, Switzerland has helped Romania financially, for a total sum of 140 million Swiss Francs between 1996 and 2006, and an additional 23 million Francs in 2006–2007. Switzerland has become the 12th largest foreign investor in Romania. [245] In 2005, Romania exported goods to Switzerland for a total of 206 million Swiss Francs, with Switzerland exporting for 547 million Swiss Francs to Romania, making Romania the biggest partner of Switzerland in South-West Europe. [246] By 2006, this had increased by 26% from Romania and 38% from Switzerland. [247] Romania has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Bucharest.
Russia	1816	See Russia–Switzerland relations Switzerland opened a consulate in Saint Petersburg in 1816, upgrading it to a legation 90 years later. The two countries broke off diplomatic relations in 1923, when Russia was going through a period of revolutionary turmoil – and they were not resumed until 1946. Russia has an embassy in Bern and a consulate-general in Geneva. Switzerland has an embassy in Moscow and a consulate-general in Saint Petersburg.
Serbia	1916	See Serbia–Switzerland relations Serbia has an embassy in Bern and consulates-gernal in Geneva and Zürich. [248] [249] Switzerland has an embassy in Belgrade. [250] There are around 186,000 people of Serbian descent living in Switzerland. [251] The Serbs are the fourth largest foreign population in Switzerland. Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Switzerland Archived 11 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Serbia
Slovakia		Slovakia has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Bratislava.
Slovenia		Slovenia has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Ljubljana.
Spain		See Spain–Switzerland relations Spain has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Madrid.
Sweden		Sweden has an embassy in Bern. Switzerland has an embassy in Stockholm.
Ukraine	1991	See Switzerland–Ukraine relations Switzerland has an embassy in Kyiv. Ukraine has an embassy in Bern. Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Ukraine
United Kingdom		See Switzerland–United Kingdom relations Switzerland has an embassy in London. United Kingdom has an embassy in Bern.

Oceania

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Australia	1961	See Australia–Switzerland relations Switzerland opened a consulate in Sydney in 1855 and one in Melbourne in 1856. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1961. Australia has an embassy in Bern and a consulate-general in Geneva. Switzerland has an embassy in Canberra and a consulate-general in Sydney. Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Switzerland Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with Australia
New Zealand	1963	Switzerland opened a consulate in Auckland in 1912. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1963. New Zealand is accredited to Switzerland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany and maintains a consulate-general in Geneva. Switzerland has an embassy in Wellington. New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Switzerland Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs about relations with New Zealand

See also

• Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland
• List of diplomatic missions in Switzerland
• List of diplomatic missions of Switzerland
• Politics of Switzerland

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External links

• Swiss Department of Foreign Affairs.
• Swiss Diplomatic Documents (DDS)
• Switzerland and the United Nations
• Bilateral relations Switzerland – Liechtenstein. Archived 22 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine .