The foreign policy of Denmark is based on its identity as a sovereign state in Europe, the Arctic and the North Atlantic. As such its primary foreign policy focus is on its relations with other nations as a sovereign state compromising the three constituent countries: Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. Denmark has long had good relations with other nations. It has been involved in coordinating Western assistance to the Baltic states (Estonia, [1] Latvia, and Lithuania). [2]
The country is a strong supporter of international peacekeeping. Danish forces were heavily engaged in the former Yugoslavia in the UN Protection Force (UNPROFOR), with IFOR, [3] and now SFOR. [4] Denmark also strongly supported American operations in Afghanistan and has contributed both monetarily and materially to the ISAF. [5] These initiatives are a part of the "active foreign policy" of Denmark.
Instead of the traditional adaptative foreign policy of The unity of the Realm, Kingdom of Denmark is today pursuing an active foreign policy, where human rights, democracy and other crucial values are to be defended actively. In recent years, Greenland and the Faroe Islands have been guaranteed a say in foreign policy issues, such as fishing, whaling and geopolitical concerns.
Following World War II, Denmark ended its two-hundred-year-long policy of neutrality. Denmark has been a member of NATO since its founding in 1949, and membership in NATO remains highly popular. [6] There were several serious confrontations between the U.S. and Denmark on security policy in the so-called "footnote era" (1982–88), when an alternative parliamentary majority forced the government to adopt specific national positions on nuclear and arms control issues.
The alternative majority in these issues was because the Social liberal Party (Radikale Venstre) supported the governing majority in economic policy issues, but was against certain NATO policies and voted with the left in these issues. The conservative led Centre-right government accepted this variety of "minority parliamentarism", that is, without making it a question of the government's parliamentary survival. [6] With the end of the Cold War, Denmark has been supportive of U.S. policy objectives in the Alliance.
Danes have a reputation as "reluctant" Europeans. When they rejected ratification of the Maastricht Treaty on 2 June 1992, they put the EC's plans for the European Union on hold. [7] In December 1992, the rest of the EC agreed to exempt Denmark from certain aspects of the European Union, including a common security and defense policy, a common currency, EU citizenship, and certain aspects of legal cooperation. The Amsterdam Treaty was approved in the referendum of 28 May 1998.
In the autumn of 2000, Danish citizens rejected membership of the Euro currency group in a referendum. The Lisbon treaty was ratified by the Danish parliament alone. [8] It was not considered a surrendering of national sovereignty, which would have implied the holding of a referendum according to article 20 of the constitution. [9]
In 1807 Denmark was neutral but Britain bombarded Copenhagen and seized the Danish Navy, Denmark became an ally of Napoleon. After Napoleon was profoundly defeated in Russia in 1812, the Allies repeatedly offered King Frederick VI a proposal to change sides and break with Napoleon. The king refused. Therefore, at the peace of Kiel in 1814, Denmark was forced to cede Norway to Sweden. Denmark thus became one of the chief losers of the Napoleonic Wars. Danish historiography portrayed King Frederick VI as stubborn and incompetent, and motivated by a blind loyalty to Napoleon. A more recent Danish historiographical approach emphasizes the Danish state was multi-territorial, and included the semi – separate Kingdom of Norway. It was dependent for food on grain imports controlled by Napoleon, and worried about Swedish ambitions. From the king's perspective, these factors called for an alliance with Napoleon. Furthermore, the king expected the war would end in a negotiated international conference, with Napoleon playing a powerful role that included saving Norway for Denmark. [10] [11]
The Danish government responded to the First World War by declaring neutrality 1914–1918. It maintained that status until 1945 and accordingly adjusted trade; humanitarianism; diplomacy; and attitudes. The war thus reshaped economic relations and shifting domestic power balances. [12]
Since the end of the Cold War, Denmark has become more supportive of U.S. foreign policy. Denmark supported the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003 and contributed assets to the invasion. [13] [14] Denmark also participated in the Afghanistan War. [13] Denmark increased its participation in military and peacekeeping operations compared to the pre-Cold War period. [13] Whereas Denmark only participated in 13 military operations from 1945 to 1989, Denmark participated in 76 military operations between 1990 and 2018. [13]
List of countries which Denmark maintains diplomatic relations with:
# | Country | Date |
---|---|---|
1 | United Kingdom | 25 October 1401 [17] [18] |
2 | Russia | 8 November 1493 [19] |
3 | France | 8 July 1498 [20] [21] |
4 | Sweden | 6 June 1523 [22] |
5 | Netherlands | 31 March 1605 [23] |
6 | Austria | May 1621 [24] |
7 | Portugal | 18 March 1641 [25] |
8 | Spain | 3 February 1645 [28] |
9 | United States | 12 October 1801 [29] |
10 | Mexico | 19 July 1827 [30] |
11 | Brazil | 26 April 1828 [31] [32] |
12 | Belgium | 25 February 1837 [33] |
13 | Venezuela | 26 March 1838 [34] |
14 | Argentina | 20 January 1841 [35] |
15 | Ecuador | June 1841 [36] |
16 | Uruguay | 28 February 1842 [37] |
17 | Peru | 18 May 1848 [38] |
18 | Dominican Republic | 17 December 1851 [39] |
19 | Thailand | 21 May 1858 [40] |
20 | Italy | 2 September 1861 [41] |
21 | Liberia | 31 December 1861 [42] [43] 11 July 1963 [44] |
22 | Greece | 29 July 1863 [45] |
23 | Japan | 16 December 1867 [46] |
24 | Switzerland | 10 February 1875 [47] |
25 | Guatemala | 30 April 1880 [48] |
26 | Chile | 4 February 1899 [49] |
27 | Paraguay | 18 July 1903 [50] |
28 | Norway | 7 November 1905 [51] |
29 | Luxembourg | 4 June 1906 [52] |
30 | Cuba | 29 June 1911 [53] |
31 | Romania | 1 May 1917 [54] |
32 | Serbia | 19 October 1917 [55] |
33 | Finland | 18 February 1918 [56] |
34 | Czech Republic | 14 May 1919 [57] |
35 | Poland | 8 September 1919 [58] |
36 | Iceland | 16 August 1920 [59] [60] |
37 | Iran | 3 February 1922 [61] |
38 | Egypt | 1 June 1922 [62] |
39 | Turkey | 26 January 1925 [63] |
40 | Bulgaria | 17 April 1931 [64] |
41 | Bolivia | 9 November 1931 [65] |
42 | Colombia | 18 May 1935 [66] |
43 | Panama | 30 June 1937 [67] |
44 | Honduras | 22 March 1945 [68] |
45 | Canada | 5 December 1945 [69] |
46 | South Africa | 1 January 1946 [70] |
47 | Philippines | 28 September 1946 [71] |
48 | Lebanon | 1946 [72] |
49 | Australia | 12 September 1947 [73] [74] |
50 | New Zealand | 12 September 1947 [74] |
51 | Hungary | 10 May 1948 [75] |
52 | India | September 1949 [76] [77] |
53 | Pakistan | 13 October 1949 [78] |
54 | Indonesia | 23 January 1950 [79] [80] |
55 | Ethiopia | 21 February 1950 [81] |
56 | China | 11 May 1950 [82] |
57 | Israel | 12 July 1950 [83] |
58 | Syria | 1950 [84] |
59 | Germany | 11 June 1951 [85] [86] |
60 | Sri Lanka | 5 January 1953 [87] |
61 | Haiti | 1 November 1953 [88] |
62 | Myanmar | 22 April 1955 [89] |
63 | Costa Rica | 26 September 1956 [90] |
64 | Laos | 1 November 1956 [91] |
65 | Malaysia | 31 August 1957 [92] |
66 | Morocco | 29 November 1957 [93] [94] |
67 | Jordan | 18 January 1958 [95] |
68 | Sudan | 8 May 1958 [95] |
69 | El Salvador | 18 August 1958 [96] |
70 | South Korea | 11 March 1959 [97] |
71 | Tunisia | 1959 [98] |
72 | Iraq | 13 January 1960 [99] [100] |
73 | Somalia | 9 July 1960 [101] |
74 | Nigeria | October 1960 [102] |
75 | Cyprus | 2 November 1960 [103] |
76 | Cameroon | 1960 [104] |
77 | Senegal | 16 May 1961 [105] |
78 | Ghana | 28 September 1961 [106] |
79 | Guinea | 1 December 1961 [105] |
80 | Ireland | January 1962 [107] |
81 | Libya | 4 April 1962 [108] |
82 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 3 August 1962 [109] |
83 | Rwanda | 2 April 1963 [110] |
84 | Algeria | 3 September 1963 [111] |
85 | Kuwait | 25 April 1964 [112] |
86 | Kenya | 23 October 1964 [113] |
87 | Ivory Coast | 28 November 1964 [114] |
88 | Tanzania | 8 December 1964 [115] |
89 | Benin | 15 December 1964 [116] |
90 | Madagascar | 1964 [117] |
91 | Uganda | 26 January 1965 [118] |
92 | Zambia | 10 February 1965 [119] |
93 | Niger | 25 May 1965 [120] |
94 | Burundi | 25 June 1965 [121] |
95 | Singapore | 28 September 1965 [122] |
96 | Afghanistan | 26 January 1966 [123] |
97 | Malawi | 22 February 1966 [124] |
98 | Lesotho | 1966 [125] |
99 | Republic of the Congo | 10 June 1967 [126] |
100 | Cambodia | 9 October 1967 [127] |
101 | Nicaragua | November 1967 [128] |
102 | Nepal | 15 December 1967 [129] |
103 | Togo | 21 June 1968 [130] |
104 | Mongolia | 5 August 1968 [131] |
105 | Malta | 26 March 1969 [132] |
106 | Albania | 29 May 1970 [133] |
107 | Botswana | 24 September 1971 [134] |
108 | Vietnam | 25 November 1971 [135] |
109 | Bangladesh | 4 February 1972 [136] [137] |
110 | Trinidad and Tobago | 23 May 1972 [138] |
111 | Mali | 1972 [139] |
112 | Sierra Leone | 22 January 1973 [140] |
113 | Mauritius | 2 March 1973 [141] |
114 | Gabon | 2 April 1973 [142] |
115 | North Korea | 17 July 1973 [143] |
116 | Bahrain | 10 August 1974 [144] |
117 | Jamaica | 14 October 1974 [145] |
118 | Qatar | 15 December 1974 [146] |
119 | United Arab Emirates | 18 January 1975 [147] [148] |
120 | Saudi Arabia | 1 February 1975 [149] [150] |
121 | Mauritania | 19 April 1975 [151] |
122 | Yemen | 1 May 1975 [152] |
123 | Mozambique | 25 June 1975 [153] |
124 | Angola | 17 September 1976 [154] |
125 | Guyana | 18 November 1977 [155] |
126 | Papua New Guinea | February 1978 [156] |
127 | Gambia | January 1979 [157] |
128 | Oman | 9 July 1979 [158] |
129 | Barbados | 20 August 1979 [159] |
130 | Seychelles | 1979 [160] |
131 | Zimbabwe | 18 April 1980 [161] |
132 | Suriname | 27 November 1980 [162] |
133 | Burkina Faso | 21 January 1981 [163] |
134 | Comoros | 1 December 1981 [164] |
— | Holy See | 2 August 1982 [165] |
135 | Maldives | 8 November 1982 [166] |
136 | Saint Lucia | 20 December 1982 [167] [168] |
137 | Central African Republic | 1984 [169] |
138 | Bhutan | 13 August 1985 [170] |
139 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 19 September 1985 [171] |
140 | Antigua and Barbuda | 20 October 1985 [172] |
141 | Tonga | 1985 [173] |
142 | Brunei | 6 February 1990 [174] |
143 | Namibia | 1990 [175] |
144 | Bahamas | June 1991 [176] |
145 | Estonia | 24 August 1991 [177] |
146 | Latvia | 24 August 1991 [178] |
147 | Lithuania | 24 August 1991 [179] |
148 | Guinea-Bissau | 8 November 1991 [180] |
149 | Belize | 15 November 1991 [181] |
150 | Armenia | 14 January 1992 [182] |
151 | Moldova | 20 January 1992 [183] |
152 | Slovenia | 20 January 1992 [184] |
153 | Tajikistan | 21 January 1992 [185] |
154 | Turkmenistan | 21 January 1992 [186] |
155 | Uzbekistan | 25 January 1992 [187] |
156 | Croatia | 1 February 1992 [188] |
157 | Belarus | 4 February 1992 [189] |
158 | Ukraine | 12 February 1992 [190] |
159 | Azerbaijan | 2 April 1992 [191] |
160 | Kazakhstan | 7 May 1992 [192] |
161 | Kyrgyzstan | 8 May 1992 [193] |
162 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2 June 1992 [194] |
163 | Georgia | 1 July 1992 [195] |
164 | Marshall Islands | 17 September 1992 [196] |
165 | San Marino | 3 November 1992 [197] |
166 | Liechtenstein | 1992 [198] |
167 | Slovakia | 1 January 1993 [199] |
168 | Eritrea | 29 October 1993 [200] |
169 | North Macedonia | 16 December 1993 [201] |
170 | Andorra | 4 May 1994 [202] |
171 | Eswatini | 4 February 1997 [203] |
172 | Fiji | 1 December 1997 [204] |
173 | Djibouti | 10 December 2002 [205] |
174 | East Timor | 12 February 2003 [206] |
175 | Montenegro | 15 June 2006 [207] |
— | Kosovo | 6 March 2008 [208] |
176 | Chad | 23 November 2009 [209] |
177 | Monaco | 16 July 2011 [210] |
178 | South Sudan | 4 May 2012 [211] |
179 | Equatorial Guinea | 7 November 2014 [212] |
180 | Federated States of Micronesia | 29 August 2018 [213] |
181 | Vanuatu | 25 October 2018 [214] |
182 | Grenada | 6 November 2018 [215] |
183 | Palau | 30 November 2018 [216] |
184 | Dominica | 20 February 2019 [217] |
185 | São Tomé and Príncipe | 20 February 2019 [218] |
186 | Cape Verde | 29 May 2019 [219] |
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Albania | 29 May 1970 [133] | See Albania–Denmark relations
|
Andorra | 4 May 1994 [202] |
|
Armenia | 14 January 1992 [182] | See Armenia–Denmark relations |
Austria | May 1621 [24] | See Austria–Denmark relations
|
Azerbaijan | 2 April 1992 [191] | See Azerbaijan–Denmark relations |
Belarus | 4 February 1992 [189] | See Belarus–Denmark relations |
Belgium | 25 February 1837 [33] | See Belgium–Denmark relations
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2 June 1992 [194] | See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Denmark relations |
Bulgaria | 17 April 1931 [64] | See Bulgaria–Denmark relations
|
Croatia | 1 February 1992 [188] | See Croatia–Denmark relations
|
Cyprus | 2 November 1960 [103] | See Cyprus–Denmark relations
|
Czech Republic | 14 May 1919 [57] | See Czech Republic–Denmark relations
|
Estonia | 24 August 1991 [177] | See Denmark–Estonia relations
|
Finland | 18 February 1918 [56] | See Denmark–Finland relations
|
France | 8 July 1498 [20] [21] | See Denmark–France relations
|
Georgia | 1 July 1992 [195] | See Denmark–Georgia relations |
Germany | 11 June 1951 [85] [86] | See Denmark–Germany relations
|
Greece | 29 July 1863 [45] | See Denmark–Greece relations
|
Holy See | 2 August 1982 [165] |
|
Hungary | 10 May 1948 [75] | See Denmark–Hungary relations
|
Iceland | 16 August 1920 [59] [60] | See Denmark–Iceland relations |
Ireland | January 1962 [107] | See Denmark–Ireland relations |
Italy | 2 September 1861 [41] | See Denmark–Italy relations |
Kosovo | 6 March 2008 [208] | See Denmark–Kosovo relations
|
Latvia | 24 August 1991 [178] | See Denmark–Latvia relations
|
Liechtenstein | 1992 [198] |
|
Lithuania | 24 August 1991 [179] | See Denmark–Lithuania relations
|
Luxembourg | 4 June 1906 [52] |
|
Malta | 26 March 1969 [132] |
|
Moldova | 20 January 1992 [183] | See Denmark–Moldova relations |
Monaco | 4 March 1930 [279] 16 July 2011 [210] |
|
Montenegro | 15 June 2006 [207] | See Denmark–Montenegro relations |
Netherlands | 31 March 1605 [23] | See Denmark–Netherlands relations
|
North Macedonia | 16 December 1993 [201] | See Denmark–North Macedonia relations |
Norway | 7 November 1905 [51] | See Denmark–Norway relations |
Poland | 8 September 1919 [58] | See Denmark–Poland relations
|
Portugal | 18 March 1641 [25] | See Denmark–Portugal relations
|
Romania | 1 May 1917 [54] | See Denmark–Romania relations
|
Russia | 8 November 1493 [19] | See Denmark–Russia relations
|
San Marino | 3 November 1992 [197] |
|
Serbia | 19 October 1917 [55] | See Denmark–Serbia relations |
Slovakia | 1 January 1993 [199] | See Denmark–Slovakia relations
|
Slovenia | 20 January 1992 [184] | See Denmark–Slovenia relations
|
Spain | 3 February 1645 [304] | See Denmark–Spain relations
|
Sweden | 6 June 1523 [22] | See Denmark–Sweden relations
|
Switzerland | 10 February 1875 [47] | See Denmark–Switzerland relations
|
Ukraine | 12 February 1992 [190] | See Denmark–Ukraine relations |
United Kingdom | 25 October 1401 [17] [18] | See Denmark–United Kingdom relations Denmark established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 25 October 1401. [17] [18]
The two countries have a sovereignty dispute over the Rockall Bank. Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, and the World Trade Organization. |
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Antigua and Barbuda | 28 October 1985 [313] |
|
Argentina | 20 January 1841 [315] | See Argentina–Denmark relations
|
Bahamas | June 1991 [318] | |
Barbados | 20 August 1979 [320] | |
Belize | 15 November 1991 [322] |
|
Bolivia | 9 November 1931 [65] | See Bolivia–Denmark relations |
Brazil | 26 April 1828 [31] [326] | See Brazil–Denmark relations |
Canada | 5 December 1945 [329] | See Canada–Denmark relations |
Chile | 4 February 1899 [332] | See Chile–Denmark relations |
Colombia | 18 May 1935 [335] | |
Costa Rica | 26 September 1956 [337] |
|
Cuba | 29 June 1911 [339] | |
Dominica | 20 February 2019 [342] |
|
Dominican Republic | 17 December 1851 [344] | |
Ecuador | June 1841 [346] | |
El Salvador | 9 July 1958 [348] |
|
Grenada | 6 November 2018 [350] | |
Guatemala | 30 April 1880 [48] |
|
Guyana | 16 November 1979 [352] | |
Haiti | 1 November 1953 [88] | |
Honduras | 22 March 1945 [68] |
|
Jamaica | 14 October 1974 [356] | |
Mexico | 19 July 1827 [358] | See Denmark–Mexico relations
|
Nicaragua | November 1967 [128] | See Denmark–Nicaragua relations |
Panama | 30 June 1937 [363] |
|
Paraguay | 18 July 1903 [364] |
|
Peru | 18 May 1848 [366] | |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | None [368] |
|
Saint Lucia | 20 December 1982 [370] |
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 19 September 1985 [372] |
|
Suriname | 27 November 1980 [374] |
|
Trinidad and Tobago | 23 May 1972 [377] |
|
United States | 12 October 1801 [379] | See Denmark–United States relations |
Uruguay | 28 February 1842 [384] | |
Venezuela | 26 March 1835 [386] | See Denmark–Venezuela relations
|
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Bahrain | 10 August 1974 [388] | |
Egypt | 1 June 1922 [62] | See Denmark–Egypt relations |
Iran | 3 February 1922 [391] | See Denmark–Iran relations
|
Iraq | 13 January 1960 [394] [100] | See Denmark–Iraq relations |
Israel | 12 July 1950 [397] | See Denmark–Israel relations |
Jordan | 7 December 1961 [400] [401] | |
Kuwait | 25 April 1964 [112] | |
Lebanon | 1946 [404] | |
Oman | 9 July 1979 [407] |
|
State of Palestine | None | See Denmark–Palestine relations |
Qatar | 15 December 1974 [146] | |
Saudi Arabia | 1 February 1975 [412] [150] | See Denmark–Saudi Arabia relations |
Syria | 1950 [415] | See Denmark–Syria relations |
Turkey [note 1] | 26 January 1925 [417] | See Denmark–Turkey relations
|
United Arab Emirates | 18 January 1975 [148] | See Denmark–United Arab Emirates relations |
Yemen | 1 May 1975 [152] |
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Afghanistan | 26 January 1966 [424] | See Afghanistan–Denmark relations |
Bangladesh | 4 February 1972 [426] | See Bangladesh–Denmark relations |
Bhutan | 13 August 1985 [428] | See Bhutan–Denmark relations |
Brunei | 6 February 1990 [174] |
|
Cambodia | 9 October 1967 [431] | See Cambodia–Denmark relations |
China | 11 May 1950 [433] | See People's Republic of China–Denmark relations |
East Timor | 12 February 2003 [206] | |
India | September 1949 [438] [439] | See Denmark–India relations |
Indonesia | 15 February 1950 [442] [80] | See Denmark–Indonesia relations |
Japan | 16 December 1867 [445] | See Denmark–Japan relations
|
Kazakhstan | 7 May 1992 [448] | See Denmark–Kazakhstan relations |
Kyrgyzstan | 8 May 1992 [450] |
|
Laos | 1 November 1956 [452] | |
Malaysia | 31 August 1957 [455] | See Denmark–Malaysia relations
|
Maldives | 8 November 1982 [457] | |
Mongolia | 5 August 1968 [459] |
|
Myanmar | 22 April 1955 [461] | See Burma–Denmark relations |
Nepal | 15 December 1967 [463] | See Denmark–Nepal relations |
North Korea | 17 July 1973 [466] | See Denmark–North Korea relations |
Pakistan | October 1949 [468] | See Denmark–Pakistan relations
|
Philippines | 28 September 1946 [472] | See Denmark–Philippines relations |
Singapore | 28 September 1965 [474] | |
South Korea | 11 March 1959 [476] | See Denmark–South Korea relations
|
Sri Lanka | 5 January 1953 [480] | See Denmark–Sri Lanka relations |
Tajikistan | 21 January 1992 [482] |
|
Taiwan | None | See Denmark–Taiwan relations |
Thailand | 21 May 1858 [486] | See Denmark–Thailand relations |
Turkmenistan | 21 January 1992 [489] |
|
Uzbekistan | 25 January 1992 [491] | |
Vietnam | 25 November 1971 [494] | See Denmark–Vietnam relations |
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Algeria | 3 September 1963 [111] | |
Angola | 17 September 1976 [499] | |
Benin | 15 December 1964 [501] | See Benin–Denmark relations |
Botswana | 24 September 1971 [134] | |
Burkina Faso | 21 January 1981 [505] | See Burkina Faso–Denmark relations
|
Burundi | 25 June 1965 [508] | |
Cameroon | 1960 [104] | |
Cape Verde | 29 May 2019 [511] |
|
Central African Republic | 1984 [513] | |
Chad |
| |
Comoros | 1 December 1982 [516] |
|
Republic of the Congo | 10 June 1967 [126] |
|
Democratic Republic of the Congo | 3 August 1962 [109] |
|
Djibouti | 10 December 2002 [520] |
|
Equatorial Guinea | 7 November 2014 [522] |
|
Eritrea | 28 September 1993 [524] [525] | See Denmark–Eritrea relations Eritrea was a Danish programme country from 1993 to 1996, and again from 1999 to 2001. In 1996, Denmark assisted 112 million DKK to the agriculture sector, and 80 million DKK to the education sector. [526] Relations between Eritrea and Denmark have been bad, since Denmark decided to suspend development cooperation with Eritrea in January 2002, and completely closed its embassy in Eritrea in June 2002. [527]
|
Eswatini | ||
Ethiopia | 5 April 1967 [530] | See Denmark–Ethiopia relations
|
Gabon | 2 April 1973 [532] |
|
Gambia | January 1979 [534] | |
Ghana | 28 September 1961 [106] | See Denmark–Ghana relations |
Guinea | 1 December 1961 [105] | |
Guinea-Bissau | 8 November 1991 [539] | |
Ivory Coast | 14 June 1963 [111] | |
Kenya | 23 October 1964 [113] | See Denmark–Kenya relations |
Lesotho | 1970 [544] | |
Liberia | 31 December 1861 [546] [547] 11 July 1963 [548] | |
Libya | 18 April 1968 [550] | See Denmark–Libya relations
|
Madagascar | January 1964 [552] |
|
Malawi | 22 February 1966 [554] |
|
Mali | From 2006 to 2011, Denmark assisted Mali with 800 million DKK for poverty reduction. [557] | |
Mauritania | 19 April 1975 [558] | |
Mauritius | 2 March 1973 [560] |
|
Morocco | 29 November 1957 [562] [94] | See Denmark–Morocco relations |
Mozambique | 25 June 1975 [565] | See Denmark–Mozambique relations |
Namibia | 1990 [566] | |
Niger | 25 May 1965 [569] |
|
Nigeria | October 1960 [571] | See Foreign relations of Nigeria |
Rwanda | 2 April 1963 [110] | |
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | None |
|
São Tomé and Príncipe | 20 February 2019 [575] | |
Senegal | 16 May 1961 [105] | |
Seychelles | 1979 [578] |
|
Sierra Leone | 22 January 1973 [580] | |
Somalia | 9 July 1960 [582] | See Denmark–Somalia relations |
South Africa | 1947 [584] | See Denmark–South Africa relations |
South Sudan | 4 May 2012 [586] | |
Sudan | 8 May 1958 [95] | See Denmark–Sudan relations |
Tanzania | 8 December 1964 [115] | See Denmark–Tanzania relations |
Tunisia | 1959 [589] | See Foreign relations of Tunisia |
Togo | 21 June 1968 [130] |
|
Uganda | 26 January 1965 [118] |
|
Zambia | 10 February 1965 [119] | See Denmark–Zambia relations |
Zimbabwe | 18 April 1980 [161] | See Foreign relations of Zimbabwe |
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Australia | 12 September 1947 [73] [74] | See Australia–Denmark relations |
Cook Islands | None [592] |
|
Fiji | 1 December 1997 [204] |
Further details Denmark–Fiji relations refers to the current and historical relations between Denmark and Fiji. Denmark is represented in Fiji through its embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia. [594] Fiji is represented in Denmark through its High Commission in London. [222] [595] Denmark has an honorary consulate [596] and a consulate [594] in Suva, the capital of Fiji. The current Fijian ambassador to Denmark is Solo Mara. [597] In 1971, an abolition of visas agreement was signed between Denmark and Fiji. [598] In October 1974, Denmark and Fiji signed an avoidance of double taxation agreement. [599] In November 2003, the Danish ambassador to Fiji Geert Aagaard Andersen said that Denmark supports the European Union's decision to resume development cooperation with Fiji and that Denmark is pleased with the reestablishing democracy progress in Fiji. Trade between Denmark and Fiji showed a potential increase he said. [600] For the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference meeting in Copenhagen, the Fijian Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama stressed that:
In July 2011, Danish export to Fiji amounted approximately 1 million DKK while Fijian export were about 100.000 DKK. [602] |
Kiribati |
| |
Marshall Islands | 17 September 1992 [196] |
|
Micronesia, Federated States of | 29 August 2018 [213] |
|
Nauru | None [604] |
|
New Zealand | 12 September 1947 [74] | See Denmark–New Zealand relations |
Palau | 30 November 2018 [216] |
|
Papua New Guinea | February 1978 [156] | |
Samoa | None [607] |
|
Solomon Islands | None [609] |
|
Tonga | 1981 [610] |
|
Tuvalu | None [612] |
|
Vanuatu | 25 October 2018 [214] |
|
Burundi's relations with its neighbours have often been affected by security concerns. During the Burundian Civil War, hundreds of thousands of Burundian refugees have at various times crossed to neighboring Rwanda, Tanzania, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Some Burundian rebel groups have used neighboring countries as bases for insurgent activities. The 1993 embargo placed on Burundi by regional states hurt diplomatic relations with its neighbors; relations have improved since the 1999 suspension of these sanctions.
The Czech Republic is a Central European country, a member of the European Union, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the United Nations. It entertains diplomatic relations with 191 countries of the world, around half of which maintain a resident embassy in the Czech capital city, Prague.
The foreign relations of Afghanistan are in a transitional phase since the 2021 fall of Kabul to the Taliban and the collapse of the internationally recognized Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. No country has recognised the new Taliban-run government, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. Although some countries have engaged in informal diplomatic contact with the Islamic Emirate, formal relations remain limited to representatives of the Islamic Republic.
Liberian foreign relations were traditionally stable and cordial throughout much of the 19th and 20th centuries, with a significant relationship with the United States, sharing close relations until the 1970s.
The foreign policy of Sweden was formerly based on the premise that national security is best served by staying free of alliances in peacetime in order to remain a neutral country in the event of war, with this policy lasting from 1814 in the context of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars until the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine. In 2002, Sweden revised its security doctrine. The security doctrine at that point still stated that "Sweden pursues a policy of non-participation in military alliances," but permitted cooperation in response to threats against peace and security. The government also seeks to maintain Sweden's high standard of living. These two objectives required heavy expenditures for social welfare, defence spending at rates considered low by Western European standards, and close attention to foreign trade opportunities and world economic cooperation. In 2024, Sweden formally became part of a military alliance for the first time since the end of the War of the Sixth Coalition by joining NATO.
Eswatini is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, and the Southern African Development Community. Currently, the Kingdom of Eswatini maintains 11 embassies and High Commissions along with 15 consulates and other representations around the world, while there are five embassies and High Commissions in Eswatini as well as 14 consulates and other representations.
Modern Trinidad and Tobago maintains close relations with its Caribbean neighbours and major North American and European trading partners. As the most industrialized and second-largest country in the English-speaking Caribbean, Trinidad and Tobago has taken a leading role in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), and strongly supports CARICOM economic integration efforts. It also is active in the Summit of the Americas process and supports the establishment of the Free Trade Area of the Americas, lobbying other nations for seating the Secretariat in Port of Spain.
The foreign relations of Norway are based on the country's membership in NATO and within the workings of the United Nations (UN). Additionally, despite not being a member of the European Union (EU), Norway takes a part in the integration of EU through its membership in the European Economic Area. Norway's foreign ministry includes both the minister of foreign affairs and minister of international development.
Iceland took control of its foreign affairs in 1918 when it became a sovereign country, the Kingdom of Iceland, in a personal union with the King of Denmark. As a fully independent state, Iceland could have joined the League of Nations in 1920, but chose not to do so for cost reasons. It negotiated with Denmark to initially carry out most of its foreign relations, while maintaining full control. Denmark appointed a diplomatic envoy (Ambassador) to Iceland in 1919 and Iceland reciprocated in 1920, opening an embassy in Copenhagen. Iceland established its own Foreign Service in April 1940 when Denmark became occupied by Nazi Germany and ties between the two countries were severed. The Republic of Iceland was founded in 1944. The Icelandic foreign service grew slowly in the post-WWII period, but increased rapidly after the mid-1990s. Iceland's closest relations are with the Nordic states, the European Union and the United States. Iceland has been a member of the United Nations since 1946. Iceland was a founding member of the World Bank in 1946 and NATO in 1949. In terms of European integration, Iceland was a founding member of the OEEC in 1948 and the Nordic Council in 1952, it joined EFTA in 1970, was a founding member of the CSCE in 1973 and the EEA in 1992 and joined Schengen in 1996.
Sierra Leone maintains formal relations with many Western nations. It also maintains diplomatic relations with the former Soviet Bloc countries as well as with the People's Republic of China.
Current and historical relations exist between Armenia and Denmark. Armenia has an embassy in Copenhagen, and Denmark is represented in Armenia, through its embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine. Diplomatic relations were established on 14 January 1992. In 2008, the Armenian Foreign Minister Eduard Nalbandyan called the relations between Armenia and Denmark "friendly" and "highly appreciating". In 2013, Amstream was founded as an independent non-political and non-profit organization in order to initiate means of collaboration and partnerships between Armenia and Scandinavia within business, education and culture. Both countries are members of the Council of Europe.
Foreign relations exist between Austria and Denmark. Austria has an embassy in Copenhagen and Denmark has an embassy in Vienna. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and of the European Union. Diplomatic relations were established on 19 December 1925.
Denmark–Romania relations refers to the bilateral relations between Denmark and Romania. Denmark has an embassy in Bucharest, and Romania has an embassy in Copenhagen. Relations between Denmark and Communist Romania was described in the 1960s as "good" by Prime Minister of Romania Ion Gheorghe Maurer. Both countries are members of the Council of Europe, the European Union and NATO.
Denmark–Philippines relations refer to the bilateral relations between Denmark and the Philippines. Denmark has an embassy in Manila, and the Philippines has an embassy in Copenhagen.
Azerbaijan–Denmark relations are the bilateral relations between Azerbaijan and Denmark. Azerbaijan's non resident embassy for Denmark is located in London, United Kingdom. Denmark has a consulate in Baku. Denmark recognized the Independence of Azerbaijan on 31 December 1991. On 2 April 1992 the diplomatic relations between the two countries were established. Bilateral relations between the two countries are described as "friendly" and "cooperative".
Denmark–Mozambique relations refers to the current and historical relations between Denmark and Mozambique. Denmark has an embassy in Maputo, and Mozambique is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden with an honorary consulate in Copenhagen. Diplomatic relations were established on 26 June 1975, but relations date back to before Mozambique achieved independence. The Danish Institute for Human Rights has worked with Mozambique since 1997. In 2000, Denmark signed an agreement with Finance Minister Luisa Diogo about implementation of mechanisms.
Denmark–Palestine relations refers to the contacts between Denmark and the Palestinian Liberation Organization. Denmark has a representative office in Ramallah. The State of Palestine has a semi diplomatic Mission with the rank of ambassador in Copenhagen. Denmark has not recognized Palestine's existence and rights to sovereignty.
Bolivia–Denmark relations refers to bilateral relations between Bolivia and Denmark. Bolivia is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Berlin, Germany. Denmark is accredited to Bolivia from its embassy in Bogotá, Colombia.
Denmark – Hungary relations refers to the current and historical relations between Denmark and Hungary. Denmark has an embassy in Budapest. Hungary has an embassy in Copenhagen. Diplomatic relations were established on 10 May 1948. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the European Union and NATO.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link){{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link){{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)Diplomatic relations with Denmark were established on a non-residential basis in January 1962 and the first resident Ambassador presented his credentials in May 1970. Although this was the first visit of an Irish Head of State
Harhoff , Georg Frederik Krogh ... ambassadør Rabat [ 21.6.61 ] ... till . akkr . i Tripoli [ 4.4.62 ] ...
Le Danemark a établi, à compter du 1" décembre, des relations diplomatiques avec la République des Comores.
{{cite book}}
: |website=
ignored (help)El establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre la República del Paraguay y el Reino de Dinamarca se remonta hacia principios del XX, tiempo en que Eusebio Machain, en representación del Paraguay y Ferdinand Reventlow por Dinamarca suscribieron la "Convención de Amistad y Consular" en fecha 18 de julio de 1903.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)Le Danemark a établi, à compter du 1" décembre, des relations diplomatiques avec la République des Comores.
{{cite book}}
: |website=
ignored (help){{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location (link)