Accession of Georgia to the European Union

Last updated
Accession of Georgia to the European Union
European Union Georgia Locator 2013.png
StatusCandidate
Application
European perspective23 June 2022 [1]
Membership application3 March 2022
Screened & negotiations commence
Chapters closed
Memberships & Treaties
Association Agreement
Economic and monetary policy
Travel
Energy
Foreign and military policy
Human rights and international courts
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
Impact(27+1)
Population446,828,803450,731,931
Area4,233,262 km2
1,634,472 mi2
4,303,962 km2
HDI 0.896
GDP (PPP)$25.399 trillion
GDP per capita (PPP)$56,928
GDP$17.818 trillion
GDP per capita$39,940
Gini 30.0
Official Languages 2425

The accession of Georgia to the European Union (EU) is on the current agenda for future enlargement of the EU.

Contents

Following an application by Georgia in March 2022, the EU established Georgia's eligibility to become a member of the Union, recognizing the country as a potential candidate. On 8 November 2023, the European Commission issued an official recommendation to grant candidate status to Georgia, [2] which was confirmed on 14 December 2023. [3]

It is one of nine current EU candidate countries, together with Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Turkey and Ukraine.

History

The European Union and Georgia have maintained relations since 1992, following an agreement between the former European Community and the newly independent Georgia. [4] On 12 January 2002, the European Parliament noted that Georgia may enter the EU in the future. [5] In 2006, a five-year "Action Plan" of rapprochement was implemented in the context of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). In 2009, relations between the two were further upgraded under the auspices of Eastern Partnership. In 2016, a comprehensive Association Agreement between the EU and Georgia went into force, providing Georgia with visa-free travel to the EU, as well as access to some sectors of the European Single Market. Following Brexit, most of the existing EU-Georgia agreements applicable to the United Kingdom were renegotiated and agreed upon in 2019 bilaterally with the United Kingdom.

Both the governing Georgian Dream and opposition United National Movement support Georgia's integration in the EU, and nearly all parties in the Georgian parliament are pro-Western in orientation. A European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia has been operating since 2009. In January 2021, Georgia was preparing to formally apply for EU membership in 2024. [3] [6] However, on 3 March 2022, Georgia submitted its membership application ahead of schedule, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. [7] In June 2022, the European Commission established Georgia's eligibility to become a member of the EU, but deferred giving it official candidate status until after certain conditions were met. [8] Later that month, the European Council expressed readiness to grant Georgia the status of a candidate after completing a set of reforms recommended by the commission. [9] In April 2023, a nationwide poll by the International Republican Institute found that 89 percent of Georgians support joining the EU, the highest number recorded for years. [10] On 8 November 2023, the European Commission recommended giving candidate status to Georgia. [11] [12] [13] On 14 December, 2023, Georgia was given candidate status by the EU.

Treaties

Stabilisation and Association Agreement

President of Georgia Salome Zourabichvili, President of Moldova Maia Sandu, President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy and President of the European Council Charles Michel during the 2021 Batumi International Conference. In 2014, the EU signed Association Agreements with all the three states. Batumi International Conference, on 19 July 2021 05 (cropped).jpg
President of Georgia Salome Zourabichvili, President of Moldova Maia Sandu, President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy and President of the European Council Charles Michel during the 2021 Batumi International Conference. In 2014, the EU signed Association Agreements with all the three states.
Georgian flag in front of the Council of Europe Georgia Europe.jpeg
Georgian flag in front of the Council of Europe

To enhance their relationship, the EU and Georgia began negotiating an Association Agreement (AA) and a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement. [14] In November 2012, European Commissioner for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Stefan Fule stated that the AA negotiations could be finalized by November 2013. [15] In February 2013, Tamar Beruchachvili, the Deputy State Minister for European and Euro-Atlantic Integration of Georgia, stated that Georgia had no plans to join the Eurasian Economic Union, [16] which Fule has warned Ukraine would be incompatible with the agreements with the EU. [17] A ceremony on the initialling of the AA by the Georgian Foreign Minister Maia Panjikidze and EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Catherine Ashton was held at the Eastern Partnership summit on 29 November 2013. [18] [19] It was formally signed on 27 June 2014, [20] and had to be ratified by the EU, Euratom, their member states and Georgia. A second agreement, governing the country's involvement in EU crisis management operations, was also signed. [21]

The Association Agreement, much of which provisionally came into force in September, has been fully ratified by Georgia and all EU member states. [22] On 18 December 2014 the European Parliament approved the Association Agreement. Members backed the treaty by 490 votes in favour to 76 against, with 57 abstentions. [23] The agreement entered into force on 1 July 2016. [22]

Ratification

Ratification history
Signatory DateInstitution Symbol thumbs up.svg Symbol thumbs down.svg AB Deposited [22] Reference
Flag of Austria.svg Austria 8 July 2015 National Council Approved28 August 2015 [24]
23 July 2015 Federal Council Approved [24]
Presidential Assent Granted
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium
23 April 2015 Chamber of Representatives 10117201 February 2016 [25] [26]
Royal Assent (federal law)
1 July 2015
Walloon
Parliament
(regional)
(community)
6324 [27]
6124 [27]
22 June 2015 German-speaking Community 1621 [28]
24 June 2015 French Community 7108 [29]
20 November 2015 Brussels Regional Parliament 6933 [30] [31]
20 November 2015
Brussels United
Assembly
[32]
(FR language)
(NL language)
5331 [33] [34]
1402 [33] [34]
17 June 2015
Flemish
Parliament
(regional)
(community)
8218 [35]
8719 [35]
24 June 2015 COCOF Assembly7108 [36] [37]
Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria 24 July 2014 National Assembly 91009 September 2014 [38]
28 July 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [39]
Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia 12 December 2014 Parliament 1160124 March 2015 [40]
18 December 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [41]
Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus 7 May 2015 House of Representatives Approved18 August 2015 [42]
22 May 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [43]
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic 18 March 2015 Senate 560612 June 2015 [44]
29 April 2015 Chamber of Deputies 116151 [44] [45]
19 May 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [46]
Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark 18 December 2014 Parliament 1017018 February 2015 [47]
Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia 4 November 2014 Assembly 660012 January 2015 [48] [49]
13 November 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [48]
Flag of Europe.svg European Union and EAEC 18 December 2014 European Parliament 490765719 April 2016 (EAEC)
23 May 2016 (EU)
[23]
Council of the European Union
Flag of Finland.svg Finland 10 March 2015 Parliament Approved6 May 2015 [50]
24 April 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [51]
Flag of France.svg France 29 October 2015 Senate Approved15 December 2015 [52]
25 June 2015 National Assembly Approved [52]
9 November 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [52]
Flag of Germany.svg Germany 8 May 2015 Bundesrat Approved22 July 2015 [53]
26 March 2015 Bundestag Approved [54]
27 May 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [55]
Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia 18 July 2014 Parliament 1230025 July 2014 [56]
Presidential Assent Granted
Flag of Greece.svg Greece 18 November 2015 Parliament Approved14 December 2015 [57]
24 November 2015 Presidential Promulgation Granted [58]
Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary 25 November 2014 National Assembly 127607 April 2015 [59]
5 December 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [59]
Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland 27 January 2015 Dáil Éireann 5819017 April 2015 [60]
Flag of Italy.svg Italy 26 November 2015 Senate 20237103 February 2016 [61]
29 July 2015 Chamber of Deputies 3109334 [61]
7 December 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [62]
Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia 14 July 2014 Parliament 81002 October 2014 [63]
18 July 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [64]
Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania 8 July 2014 Parliament 840129 July 2014 [65]
11 July 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [66]
Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg 18 March 2015 Chamber of Deputies 552012 May 2015 [67]
12 April 2015 Grand Ducal Promulgation Granted [68]
Flag of Malta.svg Malta 21 August 2014 House of Representatives Approved29 August 2014 [69] [70] [71]
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 7 July 2015 Senate Adopted21 September 2015 [72]
7 April 2015 House of Representatives 119310 [73]
28 July 2015 Royal Promulgation Granted [72]
Flag of Poland.svg Poland 5 March 2015 Senate 750022 May 2015 [74]
6 February 2015 Sejm 43901 [75] [76]
26 March 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [77]
Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal 2 April 2015 National Assembly Approved8 October 2015 [78]
19 May 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [79]
Flag of Romania.svg Romania 2 July 2014 Chamber of Deputies 2980014 July 2014 [80]
3 July 2014 Senate 11102 [81]
9 July 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [82]
Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia 23 September 2014 National Council 1170121 October 2014 [83]
16 October 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [84]
Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia 13 May 2015 National Assembly 693027 July 2015 [85] [86]
21 May 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [87]
Flag of Spain.svg Spain 27 May 2015 Senate Approved28 July 2015 [88]
30 April 2015 Congress of Deputies 30301 [89]
Royal Assent Granted
Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden 26 November 2014 Parliament 2494409 January 2015 [90]
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 23 February 2015 House of Commons Approved8 April 2015 [91]
9 March 2015 House of Lords Approved [92]
19 March 2015 Royal Assent Granted [93]

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

The ratification was based on The European Union (Definition of Treaties) (Association Agreement) (Georgia) Order 2015, made in accordance with section 1(3) of the European Communities Act 1972, after having been approved by a resolution of each House of Parliament.

The agreement applied to the United Kingdom as an EU-member state until Brexit on 31 January 2020. During the transition period that followed Brexit, the agreement until 31 December 2020, the agreement still applied to the UK.

Free trade area

The agreement established a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) between the EU and Georgia, including "the removal of import duties for most goods traded between the EU and Georgia" and "broad mutual access to trade in services for both partners". [94]

Public opinion

A March 2023 survey condected by the International Republican Institute found that 85% of Georgians (70% 'fully', 15% 'somewhat') were in favour of EU membership, up from 75% before the start of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. [95]

DateQuestionFully supportSomewhat supportSomewhat opposeStrongly opposeDon't know/No answer
September 2022 – IRI [96] EU membership70%15%3%7%5%
March 2023 – IRI [95] EU membership75%14%3%5%3%

Negotiations

Georgia has not yet started the negotiation process.

Chapter and screening dates
Progression0 / 350 / 350 / 350 / 35
Acquis chapter Screening startedScreening completedChapter openedChapter closed
Overview0 out of 350 out of 350 out of 350 out of 35
1. Free Movement of Goods
2. Freedom of Movement For Workers
3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services
4. Free Movement of Capital
5. Public Procurement
6. Company Law
7. Intellectual Property Law
8. Competition Policy
9. Financial Services
10. Information Society & Media
11. Agriculture & Rural Development
12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy
13. Fisheries
14. Transport Policy
15. Energy
16. Taxation
17. Economic & Monetary Policy
18. Statistics
19. Social Policy & Employment
20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy
21. Trans-European Networks
22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments
23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights
24. Justice, Freedom & Security
25. Science & Research
26. Education & Culture
27. Environment & Climate Change
28. Consumer & Health Protection
29. Customs Union
30. External Relations
31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy
32. Financial Control
33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions
34. Institutions
35. Other Issues
Report history
Clusters Acquis Chapter February 2023 Report [97] November 2023 Report [98]
1. FundamentalsPublic administration reform-Moderately prepared
23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights-Some level of preparation
24. Justice, Freedom & SecuritySome level of preparationSome level of preparation
Economic criteria-Moderately prepared
5. Public ProcurementSome level of preparationSome level of preparation
18. StatisticsSome level of preparationSome level of preparation
32. Financial ControlSome level of preparationSome level of preparation
2. Internal Market1. Free Movement of GoodsSome level of preparationSome level of preparation
2. Freedom of Movement For WorkersEarly stageEarly stage
3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide ServicesModerately preparedModerately prepared
4. Free Movement of CapitalModerately preparedModerately prepared
6. Company LawSome level of preparationSome level of preparation
7. Intellectual Property LawSome level of preparationSome level of preparation
8. Competition PolicyEarly stageEarly stage
9. Financial ServicesSome level of preparationSome level of preparation
28. Consumer & Health ProtectionSome level of preparationSome level of preparation
3. Competitiveness
and inclusive growth
10. Digital transformation & MediaSome level of preparationSome level of preparation
16. TaxationSome level of preparationModerately prepared
17. Economic & Monetary PolicyModerately preparedModerately prepared
19. Social Policy & EmploymentSome level of preparationSome level of preparation
20. Enterprise & Industrial PolicyModerately preparedModerately prepared
25. Science & ResearchModerately preparedModerately prepared
26. Education & CultureModerately preparedModerately prepared
29. Customs UnionModerately preparedModerately prepared
4. Green agenda
and sustainable connectivity
14. TransportSome level of preparationSome level of preparation
15. EnergySome level of preparationSome level of preparation
21. Trans-European NetworksSome level of preparationSome level of preparation
27. Environment & Climate ChangeEarly stageEarly stage
5. Resources, agriculture
and cohesion
11. Agriculture & Rural DevelopmentEarly stageEarly stage
12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary PolicySome level of preparationSome level of preparation
13. FisheriesSome level of preparationSome level of preparation
22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural InstrumentsEarly stageSome level of preparation
33. Financial & Budgetary ProvisionsEarly stageEarly stage
6. External relations30. External RelationsModerately preparedModerately prepared
31. Foreign, Security & Defence PolicyModerately preparedModerately prepared
34. Institutions--
35. Other Issues--
Legend:
Chapters in bold indicate completed chapters.
indicates chapters in which the European Commission has simultaneously awarded the chapter both "early stage" AND "some level of preparation".
indicates chapters in which the European Commission has simultaneously awarded the chapter both "some level of preparation" AND "moderately prepared".

  totally incompatible  early stage  considerable efforts needed  some level of preparation  further efforts needed  moderately prepared  no major difficulties expected  good level of preparation  well prepared / well advanced

Economy

Georgia is expected to have to adopt the euro and become a member of the Eurozone in the future if it joins the EU.[ citation needed ]

Travel

Since 28 March 2017, Georgian citizens have been able to travel visa-free to the Schengen area. Starting in 2025, like all nationals from visa-exempt countries, Georgians will also need to comply with the EU's ETIAS system before entering any of the EU/Schengen member countries. [99]

Impact of joining

Member countriesPopulation [100] Area (km2)GDP
(US$) [101]
GDP
per capita (US$)
Languages
Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia 3,688,64769,70030 billion8,164 Georgian
EU27447,007,5964,233,26217,046 billion38,13424
EU27+1450,731,931
(+0.83%)
4,302,962
(+1.65%)
17,076 billion
(+0.18%)
37,885
(-0.65%)
25
(+1)

Reactions

See also

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