Elections in Denmark

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There are three types of elections in Denmark: elections to the national parliament (the Folketing), local elections (to municipal and regional councils), and elections to the European Parliament. Referendums may also be called to consult the Danish citizenry directly on an issue of national concern.

Contents

Parliamentary elections are called by the Monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister, usually three to four years after the last election, although early elections may occur. Elections to local councils (municipal or regional) and to the European Parliament are held on fixed dates. Elections use the party-list proportional representation system. All Danish citizens, living in the Kingdom of Denmark and at least 18 years of age, are eligible to vote in parliamentary elections and long-time residents may vote in local elections.

Parliamentary elections

The voter turnout for the Danish general elections 1953-present Voter turnout DK 1953-present.PNG
The voter turnout for the Danish general elections 1953-present

The Kingdom of Denmark (including the Faroe Islands and Greenland) elects a unicameral parliament, the Folketing, on a national level. Of the 179 members of parliament, the Faroe Islands and Greenland elect two members each, 135 are elected from ten multi-member constituencies on a party list PR system using the d'Hondt method and the remaining 40 seats are allocated to ensure proportionality at a national level. To get a share of supplementary seats a party needs to get at least 2% of the total number of votes.

Only parties that reach any one of three thresholds stipulated by section 77 of the Folketing (Parliamentary) Elections Actwinning at least one constituency seat; obtaining at least the Hare quota (valid votes in province/number of constituency seats in province) in two of the three provinces; or obtaining at least 2% of the national votemay compete for compensatory seats. [1]

Denmark has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments and/or minority cabinets.

Elections to the Folketing must be held at least every four years.

Latest general election

The last general election was held in November 2022.

2022 Danish general election Result.svg
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Denmark proper
Social Democrats 971,99527.5050+2
Venstre 470,54613.3223–20
Moderates 327,6999.2716New
Green Left 293,1868.3015+1
Denmark Democrats 286,7968.1214New
Liberal Alliance 278,6567.8914+10
Conservative People's Party 194,8205.5110–2
Red–Green Alliance 181,4525.139–4
Social Liberals 133,9313.797–9
New Right 129,5243.676+2
The Alternative 117,5673.336+1
Danish People's Party 93,4282.645–11
Independent Greens 31,7870.900New
Christian Democrats 18,2760.5200
Independents4,2880.1200
Total3,533,951100.001750
Valid votes3,533,95198.36
Invalid votes12,5990.35
Blank votes46,2721.29
Total votes3,592,822100.00
Registered voters/turnout4,269,04884.16
Source: DST
Faroe Islands
Union Party 8,19830.1910
Social Democratic Party 7,65928.2010
Republic 4,92718.1400
People's Party 4,22215.5500
Centre Party 1,2174.480New
Progress 9363.4500
Total27,159100.0020
Valid votes27,15999.20
Invalid votes730.27
Blank votes1460.53
Total votes27,378100.00
Registered voters/turnout38,38771.32
Source: kvf.fo
Greenland
Siumut 7,42438.5810
Inuit Ataqatigiit 4,85225.2110
Democrats 3,65619.0000
Naleraq 2,41612.5500
Atassut 7203.7400
Cooperation Party 1760.9100
Total19,244100.0020
Valid votes19,24497.52
Invalid votes1971.00
Blank votes2931.48
Total votes19,734100.00
Registered voters/turnout41,30547.78
Source: Qinersineq

Local elections

The latest elections for the ninety-eight municipal councils and the five regional councils were held on 16 November 2021.

European elections

The Denmark constituency directly elects thirteen members to the European Parliament every five years. The d'Hondt method of proportional representation is used. The last elections took place in June 2024.

Referendums

The Constitution of Denmark requires a referendum to be held in the following three cases:

The option for one third of the members of the Parliament to put a law to a referendum has a number of restrictions. Finance Bills, Supplementary Appropriation Bills, Provisional Appropriation Bills, Government Loan Bills, Civil Servants (Amendment) Bills, Salaries and Pensions Bills, Naturalization Bills, Expropriation Bills, Taxation (Direct and Indirect) Bills, as well as Bills introduced for the purpose The Work of Parliament of discharging existing treaty obligations shall not be decided by a referendum. (Section 42, Subsection 6 of the Constitution) [2]

Even though the Constitution of Denmark requires referendum to be held only if super-majority of five-sixths of members of Parliament cannot be obtained, in practice, referendums have been held every time new treaties of the European Union have been approved, even when more than five-sixths can be found. Recently, the Danish government was highly criticized when it did not hold a referendum regarding the controversial Lisbon treaty.

In all three cases, to defeat the proposition the no votes must not only outnumber the yes votes, they must also number at least 30% of the electorate.

The Constitution of Denmark can be changed only through the procedure set out in Section 88 of the Constitution. [2] First, the government has to propose a change in constitution, then a parliamentary election is held. After the new parliament approves the same text of the constitutional changes, the proposal is put to a referendum. To pass, the yes votes must not only outnumber the no votes, they must also number at least 40% of the electorate.

Of the 19 referendums held in Denmark, the most recent are the 2015 referendum on ending the opt-out from the European Union justice laws and the 2022 referendum on ending the opt-out from the European Union security and military framework.

Past elections

2019 general election

Overall the election was a win for the "red bloc" – the parties that supported Mette Frederiksen, leader of the Social Democrats, as Prime Minister. In total, the Social Democrats, the Social Liberals, Socialist People's Party and the Red–Green Alliance won 91 seats. Green party The Alternative chose to go into opposition as a "green bloc". [3]

The Social Democrats defended their position as the largest party, and won an additional seat despite a slightly reduced voter share. They were closely followed by Venstre, who saw the largest gains in seats, picking up an extra nine. In the "blue bloc", only Venstre and the Conservative People's Party saw gains, the latter doubling their seats. The Danish People's Party's vote share fell by 12.4 percentage points (pp), well over half of their support. Leader Kristian Thulesen Dahl speculated that the bad result was due to an extraordinary good election in 2015, and that some voters felt they could "gain [their] policy elsewhere". [4] The Liberal Alliance saw their vote share fall by over two-thirds and became the smallest party in the Folketing, only 0.3pp above the 2% election threshold. Their leader Anders Samuelsen was not reelected and he subsequently resigned as leader, succeeded by Alex Vanopslagh. [5] [6]

Of the new parties, only New Right won seats, with Hard Line, the Christian Democrats and Klaus Riskær Pedersen failing to cross the national 2% threshold, although the Christian Democrats were within 200 votes of winning a direct seat in the western Jutland constituency. [7] On election night, Klaus Riskær Pedersen announced that he would dissolve his party. [8]

In the Faroe Islands, Republic (which had finished first in the 2015 elections) [9] dropped to fourth place and lost their seat. The Union Party replaced them as the first party while the Social Democratic Party finished in second place again, retaining their seat. [10] In Greenland, the result was a repeat of the 2015 elections, with Inuit Ataqatigiit and Siumut winning the two seats. Siumut regained parliamentary representation after their previous MP, Aleqa Hammond, was expelled from the party in 2016. [11] [12] Hammond later joined Nunatta Qitornai, [13] which finished fourth and failed to win a seat. [12] [14]

Popular vote in Denmark
A
25.9%
V
23.4%
O
8.7%
B
8.6%
F
7.7%
Ø
6.9%
C
6.6%
Å
3.0%
D
2.4%
I
2.3%
P
1.8%
K
1.7%
E
0.8%
Others
0.1%
Largest party in each nomination district. Wahlkarte Folketing Danemark 2019 da.svg
Largest party in each nomination district.
2019 Danish general election Result.svg
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Denmark proper
Social Democrats 914,88225.9048+1
Venstre 826,16123.3943+9
Danish People's Party 308,5138.7416–21
Danish Social Liberal Party 304,7148.6316+8
Socialist People's Party 272,3047.7114+7
Red–Green Alliance 245,1006.9413–1
Conservative People's Party 233,8656.6212+6
The Alternative 104,2782.955–4
New Right 83,2012.364New
Liberal Alliance 82,2702.334–9
Stram Kurs 63,1141.790New
Christian Democrats 60,9441.7300
Klaus Riskær Pedersen 29,6000.840New
Independents2,7740.0800
Total3,531,720100.001750
Valid votes3,531,72098.94
Invalid votes10,0190.28
Blank votes27,7820.78
Total votes3,569,521100.00
Registered voters/turnout4,219,53784.60
Faroe Islands
Union Party 7,36028.321+1
Social Democratic Party 6,64025.5510
People's Party 6,18123.7900
Republic 4,83218.600–1
Progress 6382.4600
Self-Government 3341.2900
Total25,985100.0020
Valid votes25,98599.16
Invalid/blank votes2200.84
Total votes26,205100.00
Registered voters/turnout37,26470.32
Greenland
Inuit Ataqatigiit 6,86734.3510
Siumut 6,06330.3310
Democrats 2,25811.3000
Nunatta Qitornai 1,6228.110New
Partii Naleraq 1,5647.8200
Atassut 1,0985.4900
Cooperation Party 5182.590New
Total19,990100.0020
Valid votes19,99097.16
Invalid/blank votes5852.84
Total votes20,575100.00
Registered voters/turnout41,34449.77
Source: Statistics Denmark, Kringvarp Føroya, Qinersineq

By constituency

Constituency A B C D E F I K O P V Ø Å
Copenhagen 17.216.45.31.41.011.52.60.74.21.315.016.86.5
Greater Copenhagen 25.810.99.42.30.89.42.60.98.21.917.27.23.1
North Zealand 21.311.211.23.31.06.93.31.17.51.523.45.62.7
Bornholm 34.03.31.81.70.94.31.04.110.41.925.38.13.3
Zealand 28.25.85.82.61.08.81.80.810.92.724.35.22.0
Funen 30.27.36.21.90.86.71.91.18.91.923.46.83.0
South Jutland 26.15.95.14.10.75.22.12.212.51.828.54.11.6
East Jutland 25.89.95.72.00.78.22.92.17.81.522.67.13.4
West Jutland 24.65.39.21.70.66.22.25.38.41.629.83.41.7
North Jutland 33.95.14.92.00.85.41.91.69.51.726.84.32.0

Seat distribution

The following is the number of constituency seats for each party with each asterix (*) indicating one of the seats won was a levelling seat. [15]

Constituency A B C D F I O V Ø Å Total
Copenhagen 3313*1*1*34*120
Greater Copenhagen 42*1113*11*14
North Zealand 32*2*1*1131*14
Bornholm 112
Zealand 8*2*2*1*3*3*7*2*1*29
Funen 5*1112*4*115
South Jutland 6111*11*361*21
East Jutland 7*3*11*21*2*6*11*25
West Jutland 412*11*151*16
North Jutland 7*1112*51*1*19
Total48161241441643135175

2015 elections

2015 Danish general election Result.svg
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Denmark proper
Social Democrats 924,94026.2847+3
Danish People's Party 741,74621.0837+15
Venstre 685,18819.4734–13
Red–Green Alliance 274,4637.8014+2
Liberal Alliance 265,1297.5313+4
The Alternative 168,7884.809New
Danish Social Liberal Party 161,0094.588–9
Socialist People's Party 147,5784.197–9
Conservative People's Party 118,0033.356–2
Christian Democrats 29,0770.8300
Independents3,0660.0900
Total3,518,987100.001750
Valid votes3,518,98798.85
Invalid/blank votes41,0731.15
Total votes3,560,060100.00
Registered voters/turnout4,145,10585.89
Faroe Islands
Republic 5,71824.471+1
Social Democratic Party 5,67024.2710
Union Party 5,49623.520–1
People's Party 4,38418.7600
Progress 7443.180New
Centre Party 6052.5900
Self-Government 4001.7100
Independent3471.4900
Total23,364100.0020
Valid votes23,36499.08
Invalid/blank votes2160.92
Total votes23,580100.00
Registered voters/turnout35,60766.22
Greenland
Inuit Ataqatigiit 7,91439.1710
Siumut 7,85438.8710
Democrats 1,8529.1700
Atassut 1,5287.5600
Partii Naleraq 1,0585.240New
Total20,206100.0020
Valid votes20,20697.67
Invalid/blank votes4822.33
Total votes20,688100.00
Registered voters/turnout41,04850.40
Source: DST

2011 elections

2011 Danish general election Result.svg
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Denmark proper
Venstre 947,72526.7347+1
Social Democrats 879,61524.8144−1
Danish People's Party 436,72612.3222−3
Danish Social Liberal Party 336,6989.5017+8
Socialist People's Party 326,1929.2016−7
Red–Green Alliance 236,8606.6812+8
Liberal Alliance 176,5854.989+4
Conservative People's Party 175,0474.948−10
Christian Democrats 28,0700.7900
Independents1,8500.0500
Total3,545,368100.001750
Valid votes3,545,36899.04
Invalid/blank votes34,3070.96
Total votes3,579,675100.00
Registered voters/turnout4,079,91087.74
Faroe Islands
Union Party 6,36230.7710
Social Democratic Party 4,33220.951+1
Republic 3,99519.320−1
People's Party 3,93519.0300
Centre Party 8754.2300
Self-Government 4832.3400
Independents6923.3500
Total20,674100.0020
Valid votes20,67498.62
Invalid/blank votes2901.38
Total votes20,964100.00
Registered voters/turnout35,04759.82
Greenland
Inuit Ataqatigiit 9,58742.6110
Siumut 8,37437.2210
Democrats 2,83112.5800
Atassut 1,7067.5800
Total22,498100.0020
Valid votes22,49895.55
Invalid/blank votes1,0484.45
Total votes23,546100.00
Registered voters/turnout40,93757.52
Source: Danmarks Statistik

2007 elections

2007 Danish general election Result.svg
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Denmark proper
Venstre 908,47226.2646–6
Social Democrats 881,03725.4745–2
Danish People's Party 479,53213.8625+1
Socialist People's Party 450,97513.0423+12
Conservative People's Party 359,40410.39180
Danish Social Liberal Party 177,1615.129–8
New Alliance 97,2952.815New
Red–Green Alliance 74,9822.174–2
Christian Democrats 30,0130.8700
Independents5490.0200
Total3,459,420100.001750
Valid votes3,459,42099.31
Invalid/blank votes24,1130.69
Total votes3,483,533100.00
Registered voters/turnout4,022,92086.59
Faroe Islands
Republic 5,84925.3610
Union Party 5,41423.471+1
People's Party 4,72820.500–1
Social Democratic Party 4,70220.3900
Centre Party 1,5736.8200
Self-Government 7993.4600
Total23,065100.0020
Valid votes23,06599.36
Invalid/blank votes1490.64
Total votes23,214100.00
Registered voters/turnout34,52967.23
Greenland
Inuit Ataqatigiit 8,34333.2510
Siumut 8,06832.1610
Democrats 4,58418.2700
Atassut 4,09416.3200
Total25,089100.0020
Valid votes25,08998.05
Invalid/blank votes5001.95
Total votes25,589100.00
Registered voters/turnout39,63464.56
Source: Danmarks Statistik, Nohen & Stöver [16]
Party Votes % of votes MPs swing  % of MPsMPs %/votes %
Total100179Steady2.svg01001.00
3 biggest65.6116Decrease2.svg764.80.99
The cabinet 50.590Decrease2.svg550.30.98
The opposition 49.589Increase2.svg549.71.02
Popular vote
V
26.26%
A
25.47%
O
13.86%
F
13.04%
C
10.39%
B
5.12%
I
2.81%
Ø
2.17%
K
0.87%
Others
0.02%

See also

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