2022 Danish general election

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2022 Danish general election
Flag of Denmark (state).svg
  2019 1 November 2022
31 October (Faroe Islands only)
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All 179 seats in the Folketing
175 from Denmark, 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands
90 seats needed for a majority
Turnout83.70% (Decrease2.svg 0.44pp)
PartyLeaderVote %Seats+/–
Parties in Denmark
Social Democrats Mette Frederiksen 27.5450+2
Venstre Jakob Ellemann-Jensen 13.3123−20
Moderates Lars Løkke Rasmussen 9.2716New
Green Left Pia Olsen Dyhr 8.2915+1
Denmark Democrats Inger Støjberg 8.0814New
Liberal Alliance Alex Vanopslagh 7.8714+10
Conservatives Søren Pape Poulsen 5.5110−2
Red–Green Mai Villadsen [a] 5.169−4
Social Liberals Sofie Carsten Nielsen 3.797−9
New Right Pernille Vermund 3.666+2
The Alternative Franciska Rosenkilde 3.336+1
DPP Morten Messerschmidt 2.635−11
Parties in the Faroe Islands
Union Bárður á Steig Nielsen 30.1910
Social Democratic Aksel V. Johannesen 28.2010
Parties in Greenland
Siumut Erik Jensen 38.5810
Inuit Ataqatigiit Múte Bourup Egede 25.2110
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Folketingsvalget 2022 - Afstemningsomrader (Blokke).svg
Folketingsvalget 2022 - Opstillingskredse (Blokke).svg
Folketingsvalget 2022 - Fordelingen af mandater.svg
Prime Minister beforePrime Minister after
Mette Frederiksen
Social Democrats
Mette Frederiksen
Social Democrats

General elections were held in the Kingdom of Denmark on 1 November 2022, except in the Faroe Islands, where they were held on 31 October as 1 November was a national day of mourning for victims at sea. [2] Of the 179 members of the Folketing, 175 were elected in Denmark proper, two in the Faroes and two in Greenland. The elections were called on 5 October following an ultimatum to the government by the Social Liberals (which had been providing external support) due to the outcome of a report on the 2020 Danish mink cull by the Mink Commission, which was critical of the government. [3] Voter turnout was 84% in Denmark, 48% in Greenland, and 71% in the Faroes, with a combined turnout of 84% for the realm as a whole.

Contents

Initially looking like no bloc would gain a majority, left-leaning parties retained their majority due to results in the Faroe Islands and Greenland, but the majority was reduced to a single seat. [4] [5] The governing Social Democrats achieved their best result in 20 years, with 28% of the vote, while the Social Liberals experienced one of their worst ever results. Leading opposition party Venstre also suffered major losses in the elections, losing more than 40% of its seats. [6] Two new parties standing in the elections, the Moderates and the Denmark Democrats, won 16 and 14 seats respectively, making them the third- and fifth-largest parties. [7]

The blue bloc and the Moderates together received more votes than the red bloc, but the red bloc won a majority of seats due to the two Greenlandic seats and the Social Democrats winning one more constituency seat than it was entitled to seats overall. [8] Following the elections, Frederiksen was appointed informateur and, despite the left bloc holding a majority of seats, opted to form a centrist government with Venstre and other parties from the blue bloc, which had also been her pledge during the campaign. [4] [9] After negotiations, a coalition government composed of the Social Democrats, Venstre and the Moderates was formed, the first time since 1977 where both main parties were part of a coalition government. [10] [11]

Background

The 2019 Danish general election on 5 June ended with a 91-seat win for the Social Democrats and Mette Frederiksen and their supporting parties. Twenty-two days later, a minority government was formed by the Social Democrats. The government was supported by the other parties in the red bloc (the Social Liberals, the Green Left, and the Red–Green Alliance). Frederiksen, the leader of the Social Democrats, became Prime Minister of Denmark. [12]

On 2 July 2022 Sofie Carsten Nielsen, leader of the Social Liberals, one of supporting parties of the government, encouraged Frederiksen to set an election date before 4 October after the report of the Mink Commission was published, criticising the government's handling of the Cluster 5 outbreak in November 2020. [13] Later the same day, Nielsen announced that she was ready to put forward a motion of no confidence if the prime minister refused to call early elections. [14]

On 5 October, Frederiksen announced that general elections were to be held on 1 November, the first to be held on a Tuesday since the 2007 Danish general election. [15]

Electoral system

The 179 members of the Folketing are elected in Denmark (175), the Faroe Islands (2) and Greenland (2). The 175 seats in Denmark include 135 seats elected in ten multi-member constituencies of Denmark by proportional representation, using the d'Hondt method (kredsmandater), and 40 leveling seats, allocated to parties in order to address any imbalance in the distribution of the constituency seats (tillægsmandater). The main threshold for levelling seats is 2%. [16]

According to the Constitution of Denmark, the election had to be held no later than 4 June 2023, as the last election was held on 5 June 2019. The incumbent prime minister is able to call the election at any date, provided that date is no later than four years from the previous election, and this is often cited as a tactical advantage to the sitting government, as it can call an early election when opinion polls are favourable. Lars Løkke Rasmussen, the previous prime minister from 2015 to 2019, announced on 7 May 2019 that elections would be held on 5 June; the latest date for that election was 17 June. [17]

In order for a new party to be eligible to run in the election it must obtain declarations of support (vælgererklæringer) from a number of electors at least equal to 1/175th of the total valid votes cast at the previous elections. [18] For the 2022 election, this figure was equal to 20,182 declarations of support. [19] Four new parties (Moderates, Denmark Democrats, Independent Greens and Vegan Party managed to raise this amount thus becoming eligible for the election although the Vegan Party choose not to use its eligibility but instead merge with the Alternatives. [20] A minimum of 1,112 votes were not counted due to them not being delivered in time. These did not contribute to the voter turnout and were in all likelihood irrelevant to the resultant according to political scientist Kasper Møller Hansen. [21] [22]

Despite the blue bloc and the Moderates combined gaining 68,209 more votes than the combined red bloc, the red bloc still managed to secure a slight majority of 90 seats. Apart from three out of four North Atlantic seats going to red parties, red bloc's success was due to a never previously used section in the election law (section 77, subsection 3) that secured the Social Democrats an additional seat that would otherwise have been awarded to Venstre. [23] [24] [25]

ConstituencySeats
Bornholm 2
Copenhagen 17
East Jutland 18
Faroe Islands 2
Funen 12
Greater Copenhagen 11
Greenland 2
North Jutland 15
North Zealand 10
South Jutland 17
West Jutland 13
Zealand 20

Voter eligibility

One has the right to vote if one is 18 years old on election day, is a Danish citizen, lives within the Realm (Denmark proper, Greenland and the Faroe Islands) and are not disempowered (umyndiggjort). Disempowerment is for instance mental disabilities. All eligible voters are also eligible to run for election. After the election, all newly elected members of the Folketing must sign a declaration stating that they intend to comply with the Constitution, while the new Folketing must approve the election and the eligibility of the individual members. This is done in the Committee for Electoral Trials (Udvalget til Valgs Prøvelse). After the 2022 election all elected members of the Folketing were approved. [26]

Issues

In her speech announcing the election, Frederiksen declared the election to be a security election (Danish: tryghedsvalg), citing issues such as the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, economic anxiety, and issues in the health system. [27] In the same speech, Frederiksen also declared her intentions to work towards a centrist government with parties from both blocs rather than continue the incumbent one-party minority government. [28]

Two of the parties supporting the Frederiksen Cabinet, the Red–Green Alliance and the Green Left, both came out in opposition to a centrist government, citing concerns of undue conservative influence. [29] The blue bloc, including Liberal Alliance, the Conservative People's Party, Venstre, the Denmark Democrats, New Right, and the Danish People's Party, also denied the possibility of a government with the Social Democrats. [30] The Social Liberals and especially the Moderates, who have been campaigning for a centrist government since their inception, supported Frederiksen's declaration. [31] [29]

Political parties

The table below lists parties represented in the Folketing.

Denmark

NameIdeologiesLeader2019 resultSeats at
dissolution
Votes (%)Seats
A Social Democrats
Socialdemokratiet
Social democracy Mette Frederiksen 25.9%
48 / 179
49 / 179
V Venstre
Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti
Conservative liberalism
Agrarianism (Nordic)
Jakob Ellemann-Jensen 23.4%
43 / 179
39 / 179
O Danish People's Party
Dansk Folkeparti
Danish nationalism
National conservatism
Anti-immigration
Morten Messerschmidt 8.7%
16 / 179
6 / 179
B Social Liberals
Det Radikale Venstre
Social liberalism Sofie Carsten Nielsen 8.6%
16 / 179
14 / 179
F Green Left
Socialistisk Folkeparti
Green politics
Popular socialism
Pia Olsen Dyhr 7.7%
14 / 179
15 / 179
Ø Red–Green Alliance
Enhedslisten – De Rød-Grønne
Eco-socialism
Anti-capitalism
Collective leadership
Political leader: Mai Villadsen
6.9%
13 / 179
13 / 179
C Conservative People's Party
Det Konservative Folkeparti
Green conservatism
Liberal conservatism
Søren Pape Poulsen 6.6%
12 / 179
13 / 179
Å The Alternative
Alternativet
Green politics
Pro-Europeanism
Franciska Rosenkilde 3.0%
5 / 179
2 / 179
D New Right
Nye Borgerlige
National conservatism
Economic liberalism
Anti-immigration
Pernille Vermund 2.4%
4 / 179
4 / 179
I Liberal Alliance
Liberal Alliance
Right-libertarianism
Classical liberalism
Alex Vanopslagh 2.3%
4 / 179
3 / 179
Æ Denmark Democrats
Danmarksdemokraterne
Right-wing populism
Anti-immigration
Inger Støjberg
8 / 179
Q Independent Greens
Frie Grønne
Green politics
Anti-racism
Minority rights
Sikandar Siddique
2 / 179
K Christian Democrats
Kristendemokraterne
Christian democracy
Social conservatism
Marianne Karlsmose 1.8%
0 / 179
0 / 179
M Moderates
Moderaterne
Liberalism
Centrism
Lars Løkke Rasmussen
1 / 179
Ind. Independent 0.1%
0 / 179
6 / 179

Faroe Islands

NameIdeologiesLeader2019 resultSeats at
dissolution
Votes (%)Seats
JF Social Democratic Party
Javnaðarflokkurin
Social democracy Aksel V. Johannesen 24.3%
1 / 179
1 / 179
SP Union Party
Sambandsflokkurin
Conservative liberalism Bárður á Steig Nielsen 23.5%
1 / 179
1 / 179

Greenland

NameIdeologiesLeader2019 resultSeats at
dissolution
Votes (%)Seats
IA Community of the People
Inuit Ataqatigiit
Democratic socialism Múte Bourup Egede 38.3%
1 / 179
1 / 179
SIU Forward
Siumut
Social democracy Erik Jensen 38.0%
1 / 179
1 / 179

Debates

2022 Danish general election debates
DateTimeOrganizersVenue   P Present   I Invitee  N Non-invitee  S Surrogate  
A B C D F I K M O Q V Æ Ø Å Refs
4 Sep21:00 DR DR Byen P
Frederiksen
NP
Pape
NNNNNNNP
Ellemann
NNN [32]
21 Sep19:55 TV 2 Copenhagen S
Bruus
P
Nielsen
P
Pape
P
Vermund
P
Dyhr
P
Vanopslagh
NNNNP
Ellemann
NP
Villadsen
N [33]
27 Sep16:00 DI Royal Arena NP
Nielsen
NNNNNP
Løkke
NNNP
Støjberg
NN [34]
29 Sep10:00 ÆS Odense P
Frederiksen
P
Nielsen
P
Pape
P
Vermund
P
Dyhr
P
Vanopslagh
NP
Løkke
P
Messerschmidt
NP
Ellemann
S
Skaarup
P
Villadsen
N
[35]
4 Oct20:30 DR2 DR Byen S
Wammen
P
Nielsen
P
Pape
P
Vermund
P
Dyhr
P
Vanopslagh
P
Karlsmose
P
Løkke
P
Messerschmidt
P
Siddique
P
Ellemann
P
Støjberg
P
Villadsen
P
Rosenkilde
[36]
5 Oct20:00 DR and TV 2 Christiansborg P
Frederiksen
P
Nielsen
P
Pape
P
Vermund
P
Dyhr
P
Vanopslagh
P
Karlsmose
P
Løkke
P
Messerschmidt
P
Siddique
P
Ellemann
P
Støjberg
P
Villadsen
P
Rosenkilde
[37]
9 Oct20:00 TV 2 Storms Pakhus, Odense P
Frederiksen
NP
Pape
NNNNNNNP
Ellemann
NNN [38]
12 Oct15:00 DI AAK, Aarhus S
Wammen
P
Nielsen
P
Pape
P
Vermund
P
Dyhr
NNP
Løkke
NNP
Ellemann
P
Støjberg
NN [39]
13 Oct16:00 TV 2 Rybners Gymnasium, Esbjerg S
Tesfaye
P
Nielsen
P
Pape
P
Vermund
P
Dyhr
P
Vanopslagh
P
Karlsmose
P
Løkke
P
Messerschmidt
P
Siddique
P
Ellemann
P
Støjberg
P
Villadsen
P
Rosenkilde
[40]
16 Oct21:00 DR Koncerthuset, Copenhagen P
Frederiksen
NP
Pape
NNNNNNNP
Ellemann
NNN [41]
27 Oct20:00 TV 2 Nordkraft, Aalborg S
Tesfaye
P
Nielsen
P
Pape
NNP
Vanopslagh
NNNP
Siddique
P
Ellemann
P
Støjberg
P
Villadsen
N [42]
30 Oct21:00 DR Koncerthuset, Copenhagen P
Frederiksen
P
Nielsen
P
Pape
P
Vermund
P
Dyhr
P
Vanopslagh
P
Karlsmose
P
Løkke
P
Messerschmidt
P
Siddique
P
Ellemann
P
Støjberg
P
Villadsen
P
Rosenkilde
[43]
31 Oct20:00 TV 2 Christiansborg, Copenhagen P
Frederiksen
P
Nielsen
P
Pape
P
Vermund
P
Dyhr
P
Vanopslagh
P
Karlsmose
P
Løkke
P
Messerschmidt
P
Siddique
P
Ellemann
P
Støjberg
P
Villadsen
P
Rosenkilde
[44]

Opinion polls

Opinion polling for the 2022 Danish general election.svg

Exit polls

PartyPoll by Epinion [45]
%+/–Seats+/–
Social Democrats 23.1-4.650-6
Venstre 13.5–9.924–19
Moderates 9.3New17New
Green Left 9.6+1.917+3
Liberal Alliance 9.0+6.716+12
Denmark Democrats 6.9New12New
Red–Green Alliance 6.2–0.711–2
Conservatives 5.5–1.110–2
Social Liberals 4.7–3.98–8
The Alternative 3.9+0.97+2
New Right 3.8+1.47+3
Danish People's Party 2.5–6.24–12
Independent Greens 1.3New0New
Christian Democrats 0.4New0New

Voters demographics

Division A B C D F I K M O Q V Æ Ø Å Red Blue None
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Males25.53.65.25.25.810.80.49.42.91.013.210.24.12.533.157.39.4
Females29.54.05.92.110.94.90.69.22.40.813.45.96.34.155.735.29.2
Young (18–34)14.16.76.25.49.115.00.410.51.02.010.53.68.15.845.843.210.5

Results

Folketingsvalget 2022 - Opstillingskredse A andel af stemmer.svg
Folketingsvalget 2022 - Opstillingskredse B andel af stemmer.svg
Folketingsvalget 2022 - Opstillingskredse C andel af stemmer.svg
Folketingsvalget 2022 - Opstillingskredse D andel af stemmer.svg
Folketingsvalget 2022 - Opstillingskredse F andel af stemmer.svg
Folketingsvalget 2022 - Opstillingskredse I andel af stemmer.svg
Folketingsvalget 2022 - Opstillingskredse K andel af stemmer.svg
Folketingsvalget 2022 - Opstillingskredse M andel af stemmer.svg
Folketingsvalget 2022 - Opstillingskredse O andel af stemmer.svg
Folketingsvalget 2022 - Opstillingskredse Q andel af stemmer.svg
Folketingsvalget 2022 - Opstillingskredse V andel af stemmer.svg
Folketingsvalget 2022 - Opstillingskredse AE andel af stemmer.svg
Folketingsvalget 2022 - Opstillingskredse O andel af stemmer.svg
Folketingsvalget 2022 - Opstillingskredse A andel af stemmer.svg
Folketingsvalget 2022 - Opstillingskredse UP andel af stemmer.svg
Folketingsvalget 2022 - Opstillingskredse Valgdeltagelse.svg
2022 Danish general election Result.svg
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Denmark proper
Social Democrats 971,99527.5050+2
Venstre 470,54613.3223–20
Moderates 327,6999.2716New
Green Left 293,1868.3015+1
Denmark Democrats 286,7968.1214New
Liberal Alliance 278,6567.8914+10
Conservative People's Party 194,8205.5110–2
Red–Green Alliance 181,4525.139–4
Social Liberals 133,9313.797–9
New Right 129,5243.676+2
The Alternative 117,5673.336+1
Danish People's Party 93,4282.645–11
Independent Greens 31,7870.900New
Christian Democrats 18,2760.5200
Independents4,2880.1200
Total3,533,951100.001750
Valid votes3,533,95198.36
Invalid votes12,5990.35
Blank votes46,2721.29
Total votes3,592,822100.00
Registered voters/turnout4,269,04884.16
Source: DST
Faroe Islands
Union Party 8,19830.1910
Social Democratic Party 7,65928.2010
Republic 4,92718.1400
People's Party 4,22215.5500
Centre Party 1,2174.480New
Progress 9363.4500
Total27,159100.0020
Valid votes27,15999.20
Invalid votes730.27
Blank votes1460.53
Total votes27,378100.00
Registered voters/turnout38,38771.32
Source: kvf.fo
Greenland
Siumut 7,42438.5810
Inuit Ataqatigiit 4,85225.2110
Democrats 3,65619.0000
Naleraq 2,41612.5500
Atassut 7203.7400
Cooperation Party 1760.9100
Total19,244100.0020
Valid votes19,24497.52
Invalid votes1971.00
Blank votes2931.48
Total votes19,734100.00
Registered voters/turnout41,30547.78
Source: Qinersineq

Seats won by type

PartySeats
ConstituencyTop-upTotal
Social Democrats 50050
Venstre 21223
Moderates 13316
Green Left 12315
Denmark Democrats 11314
Liberal Alliance 10414
Conservative People's Party 7310
Red–Green Alliance 459
Danish Social Liberal Party 257
New Right 246
The Alternative 246
Danish People's Party 145
Total13540175
Source: DST

Maps

Aftermath and government formation

Frederiksen II first public appearance on 15 December 2022 at Amalienborg after having been presented before the Queen. Frederiksen (in red) with Ellemann to her right and Lokke to her left. Regeringen Mette Frederiksen II praesenteres.jpg
Frederiksen II first public appearance on 15 December 2022 at Amalienborg after having been presented before the Queen. Frederiksen (in red) with Ellemann to her right and Løkke to her left.

The election was simultaneously the best result for the Social Democrats in more than 20 years and the worst result for Venstre in more than 30 years. [46] [47] Mette Frederiksen, the leader of the red bloc and the incumbent prime minister, thanked voters for giving the red bloc a majority; despite winning a slim majority of one seat, she decided to follow her campaign promise and resign in order to seek a new centrist government with parties from both sides of the political spectrum. [48] Following the results, she was congratulated by the prime ministers of Norway and Spain, Jonas Gahr Støre and Pedro Sánchez, both members of her same European political group, the Party of European Socialists. [49] [50]

Lars Løkke Rasmussen, the leader of the Moderates who had long positioned himself as kingmaker, did not end up with the decisive seats because of the left-leaning majority. Instead, it was the Social Liberals, traditionally a member of the red bloc, that stated a desire of wanting to go beyond bloc politics like the Moderates, despite achieving one of their worst ever results, meaning that along with the Moderates, they could determine the next government. [51] Sofie Carsten Nielsen resigned as leader of the Social Liberals following its poor performance in the election. [52] A total of 64 new politicians were elected to the Folketing for the first time at the 2022 election, the third-most in Danish history, only being trumped by the 1973 and 2011 general elections. The new members are mainly from the Denmark Democrats, Liberal Alliance, and Moderates. [53]

On 23 November, the Red–Green Alliance and The Alternative announced they had left the government negotiations, bringing the number of negotiating parties to 8: the Social Democrats, Venstre, the Moderates, the Green Left, Liberal Alliance, the Conservatives, the Social Liberals and the Danish People's Party. The Denmark Democrats and New Right had earlier left the negotiations. [11] On 3 December, the Conservatives exited the negotiations, reducing the number of negotiating parties to seven. [10] [11] The Social Liberals left the negotiations on 13 December. [54] The same day, Mette Frederiksen went to the queen to present her new government, which includes the Moderates and Venstre; the first time the Social Democrats and Venstre formed a government together since 1978. Leader of Venstre, Jakob Elleman-Jensen, became deputy prime minister and minister of defence while leader of the Moderates Lars Løkke Rasmussen was made foreign minister. [55] Nine social democrats lost their ministerial positions due to the formation of the new cabinet. [56] Two ministers, both from the Moderates, are not members of the Folketing. [57] This marked the first time since 2007 that a prime minister was reelected into a consecutive term.

See also

Notes

  1. Formally, the Red–Green Alliance has collective leadership, but as its political spokesperson, Villadsen was the de facto leader of the party. [1]

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The Moderates is a liberal political party in Denmark founded by former Prime Minister and current Minister of Foreign Affairs Lars Løkke Rasmussen. He announced the name in a foundational speech on 5 June 2021. At the same time, he said that his main scenario was that the party would be formed after the 2021 Danish local elections. The name was, according to Rasmussen, inspired by the fictitious Prime Minister Birgitte Nyborg's party Moderaterne in the hit political TV drama Borgen as well as the Swedish Moderate Party, the then–second largest party in the Swedish Riksdag. The Moderates' political position is referred to as centre to centre-right.

Events in the year 2022 in Denmark.

General elections are scheduled to be held in Denmark no later than 31 October 2026, according to § 32 in the constitution, which defines an election cycle as four years. All 179 seats in the Folketing will be up for election, 175 in Denmark proper, two in Greenland and two in the Faroe Islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frederiksen II Cabinet</span> Government of Denmark since 2022

The Frederiksen II Cabinet is the current Government of Denmark, which took office on 15 December 2022. It succeeded the Frederiksen I Cabinet following the 2022 general election.

References

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