Foreign relations of Cyprus

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Cyprus is a member of the United Nations [1] along with most of its agencies as well as the Commonwealth of Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund and Council of Europe. In addition, the country has signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Agreement (MIGA). Cyprus has been a member of the European Union since 2004 and in the second half of 2012 it held the Presidency of the Council of the European Union. [2]

Contents

Historical non-alignment

Cyprus has historically followed a non-aligned foreign policy, although it increasingly identifies with the West in its cultural affinities and trade patterns, and maintains close relations with the European Union, Greece, Armenia, Lebanon, Israel and the United States.

Cyprus former President Makarios III at a state visit in Munich with the German Chancellor in 1962 Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F013050-0001, Munchen, Staatsbesuch Prasident von Zypern.jpg
Cyprus former President Makarios III at a state visit in Munich with the German Chancellor in 1962
Foreign Ministers of the European Union countries in Limassol during Cyprus Presidency of the EU in 2012 EU Foreign Ministers Gymnich Meeting in Cyprus. 7.-8. September 2012 (7954502290).jpg
Foreign Ministers of the European Union countries in Limassol during Cyprus Presidency of the EU in 2012

The prime originator of Cypriot non-alignment was Archbishop of Cyprus Makarios III, the first President (1960–1977) of the independent republic of Cyprus. Prior to independence, Makarios - by virtue of his post as Archbishop of Cyprus and head of the Cypriot Orthodox Church - was the Greek Cypriot Ethnarch, or de facto leader of the community. A highly influential figure well before independence, he participated in the 1955 Bandung Conference. After independence, Makarios took part in the 1961 founding meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement in Belgrade.

Cyprus representations abroad
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resident embassy
non-resident embassy
diplomatic relations only, but no mission


states that don't recognise the Republic of Cyprus Kibris Cumhuriyeti'nin diplomatik iliskileri.png
Cyprus representations abroad
  resident embassy
  non-resident embassy
  diplomatic relations only, but no mission

  states that don't recognise the Republic of Cyprus

Reasons for this neutrality may lie in the extreme pressures exerted on the infant Republic by its larger neighbours, Turkey and Greece. Intercommunal rivalries and movements for union with Greece or partial union with Turkey may have persuaded Makarios to steer clear of close affiliation with either side. In any case Cyprus became a high-profile member of the Non-Aligned Movement and retained its membership until its entry into the European Union in 2004. At the non-governmental level, Cyprus has also been a member of the popular extension of the Non-Aligned Movement, the Afro-Asian Peoples' Solidarity Organisation hosting several high-level meetings.

Immediately after the 1974 Greek-sponsored coup d'état and the Turkish invasion, Makarios secured international recognition of his administration as the legitimate government of the whole island. This was disputed only by Turkey, which currently recognizes only the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, established in 1983.

Since the 1974 crisis, the chief aim of the foreign policy of the Republic of Cyprus has been to secure the withdrawal of Turkish forces and the reunification of the island under the most favorable constitutional and territorial settlement possible. This campaign has been pursued primarily through international forums such as the United Nations and the Non-Aligned Movement, and in recent years through the European Union.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Cyprus maintains diplomatic relations with:

Diplomatic relations of Cyprus.svg
#CountryDate [3]
1Flag of France.svg  France 16 August 1960 [4]
2Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 16 August 1960 [5]
3Flag of the United States.svg  United States 16 August 1960 [6]
4Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 17 August 1960 [7]
5Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 18 August 1960 [8]
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey (suspended)18 August 1960 [9]
6Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 20 August 1960 [10]
7Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon 20 September 1960 [11]
8Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 24 September 1960 [12]
9Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 7 October 1960 [13]
10Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 18 October 1960 [14]
11Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 25 October 1960 [15]
12Flag of Syria.svg  Syria 25 October 1960 [15]
13Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 30 October 1960 [16]
14Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 2 November 1960 [17]
15Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 2 November 1960 [18]
16Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 13 November 1960 [19]
17Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 22 November 1960 [20]
19Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 12 December 1960 [21]
20Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 22 December 1960 [22]
20Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 1960 [23]
21Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 15 January 1961 [24]
22Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 14 August 1961 [25]
23Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 2 September 1961 [26]
24Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 12 September 1961 [27]
25Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 1961 [28]
26Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 1961 [29]
27Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 1961 [30]
28Flag of India.svg  India 10 February 1962 [31]
29Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 15 June 1962 [32]
30Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 26 June 1962 [33]
31Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 1962 [34]
32Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan 1962 [35]
33Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan 24 January 1963 [36]
34Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 22 March 1963 [37]
35Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 3 December 1963 [38]
36Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Ivory Coast 25 January 1964 [39]
37Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 21 July 1964 [40]
38Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 24 November 1965 [41]
39Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 11 February 1966 [42]
40Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 12 September 1966 [43]
41Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 12 December 1967 [44]
42Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 20 May 1968 [45]
43Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 3 March 1970 [46]
44Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria 1970 [47]
45Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 11 February 1971 [43]
46Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 14 December 1971 [48]
47Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana 11 February 1972 [49]
48Flag of Barbados.svg  Barbados 27 February 1972 [50]
49Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago 25 May 1972 [51]
50Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica 31 August 1972 [52]
51Flag of Malta.svg  Malta 13 September 1972 [53]
52Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya 1972 [54]
Flag of the Vatican City - 2001 version.svg  Holy See 31 January 1973 [55]
53Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq 22 June 1973 [56]
54Flag of Libya.svg  Libya 8 November 1973 [57]
55Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia 19 December 1973 [58]
56Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 1973 [59]
57Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 21 February 1974 [60]
58Flag of Cameroon.svg  Cameroon 1974 [61]
59Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 5 March 1975 [62]
60Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 1 December 1975 [63]
61Flag of the Bahamas.svg  Bahamas 1975 [64]
62Flag of Seychelles.svg  Seychelles 1 July 1976 [65]
63Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia 10 December 1976 [66]
64Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda 1 February 1977 [67]
65Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea 31 March 1978 [68]
66Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 9 May 1978 [69]
67Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador 14 February 1979 [70]
68Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 4 September 1979 [71]
69Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 1979 [72]
70Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania 1979 [73]
71Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka 4 March 1980 [74]
72Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 6 March 1980 [75]
73Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 26 April 1980 [76]
74Flag of Grenada.svg  Grenada 29 April 1980
75Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 5 May 1980 [77]
76Flag of Saint Lucia.svg  Saint Lucia 24 July 1980
77Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname 25 July 1980
78Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal 18 August 1980 [78]
79Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic 7 May 1981 [79]
80Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica 17 November 1981 [40]
81Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain 14 January 1982 [80]
82Flag of Oman.svg  Oman 27 January 1982 [81]
83Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua 26 May 1982
84Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela 10 December 1982 [82]
85Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh 11 January 1983 [83]
86Flag of Bolivia.svg  Bolivia 3 March 1983 [84]
87Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen 8 November 1983 [85]
88Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 23 November 1984 [86]
89Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar 15 July 1985 [87]
90Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives 1 November 1987 [88]
91Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 4 December 1987 [89]
92Flag of Afghanistan (2013-2021).svg  Afghanistan 1987 [90]
93Flag of Gabon.svg  Gabon 21 October 1988 [91]
94Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 2 February 1989 [92]
95Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe 13 February 1989 [93]
96Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana 5 May 1989 [94]
97Flag of Mali.svg  Mali 26 January 1990 [95]
98Flag of Rwanda.svg  Rwanda 31 March 1990 [96]
99Flag of Albania.svg  Albania 29 August 1991
100Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg  Marshall Islands 17 November 1991
101Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea 23 December 1991
102Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 19 February 1992
103Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg  Kyrgyzstan 20 February 1992
104Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova 21 February 1992
105Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan 27 February 1992
106Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia 18 March 1992
107Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 2 April 1992
108Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus 9 April 1992
109Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg  Federated States of Micronesia 5 May 1992
110Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 9 July 1992
111Flag of San Marino.svg  San Marino 20 October 1992 [97]
112Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 3 December 1992
113Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 10 December 1992 [98]
114Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala 17 December 1992
115Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 20 December 1992
116Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 20 December 1992
117Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 1 January 1993 [99]
118Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 10 December 1993
119Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 4 April 1993 [100]
120Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra 29 June 1995
121Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 28 December 1995
122Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan 30 May 1997
123Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador 5 November 1999
124Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina 7 February 2000
125Flag of Nauru.svg  Nauru 23 March 2000
126Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia 16 May 2000
127Flag of Samoa.svg  Samoa 24 May 2000
128Flag of Cape Verde.svg  Cape Verde 31 May 2000
129Flag of Angola.svg  Angola 1 June 2000
130Flag of Malawi.svg  Malawi 22 June 2000
131Flag of Laos.svg  Laos 29 June 2000
132Flag of Belize.svg  Belize 21 July 2000
133Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg  São Tomé and Príncipe 7 November 2000
134Flag of Sierra Leone.svg  Sierra Leone 22 November 2000
135Flag of Liberia.svg  Liberia 30 November 2000
136Flag of The Gambia.svg  Gambia 8 December 2000
137Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius 1 February 2001
138Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar 21 February 2001
139Flag of Burkina Faso.svg  Burkina Faso 13 June 2001
140Flag of Dominica.svg  Dominica 13 June 2001
141Flag of Eritrea.svg  Eritrea 6 August 2001
142Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay 8 October 2001
143Flag of Burundi.svg  Burundi 26 November 2001 [101]
144Flag of Liechtenstein.svg  Liechtenstein 3 April 2002 [102]
145Flag of East Timor.svg  East Timor 20 June 2002 [103]
146Flag of Niger.svg  Niger 17 September 2002 [104]
147Flag of Chad.svg  Chad 18 September 2002
148Flag of Lesotho.svg  Lesotho 25 February 2004
149Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg  Antigua and Barbuda 22 July 2004
150Flag of Honduras.svg  Honduras 7 February 2005
151Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana 22 February 2005
152Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 3 May 2005
153Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2 August 2006
154Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 12 March 2007 [105]
155Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 6 June 2007
156Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia 4 September 2007 [106]
157Flag of Turkmenistan.svg  Turkmenistan 13 November 2007
158Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg  Equatorial Guinea 29 February 2008
159Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg  Guinea-Bissau 20 May 2008
160Flag of Tonga.svg  Tonga 22 June 2009 [107]
161Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg  Solomon Islands 5 May 2010
162Flag of Monaco.svg  Monaco 23 February 2011 [108]
Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg  Sovereign Military Order of Malta 6 June 2012 [109]
163Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji 15 March 2013
Flag of Palestine.svg  State of Palestine 9 February 2013 [110] [111]
164Flag of Tuvalu.svg  Tuvalu 2 July 2013
165Flag of Palau.svg  Palau 10 August 2015
166Flag of Togo (3-2).svg  Togo 24 September 2015
167Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg  Saint Kitts and Nevis 8 March 2016 [112]
168Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia 30 August 2019
169Flag of South Sudan.svg  South Sudan 25 September 2021 [113]
170Flag of Benin.svg  Benin 10 October 2023
171Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria Unknown (before October 2006) [110]
172Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei Unknown (before October 2006) [110]
173Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Democratic Republic of the Congo Unknown (before October 2006) [110]
174Flag of Eswatini.svg  Eswatini Unknown (before October 2006) [110]
175Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia Unknown (before October 2006) [110]
176Flag of Guinea.svg  Guinea Unknown (before October 2006) [110]
177Flag of Madagascar.svg  Madagascar Unknown (before October 2006) [110]
178Flag of Mauritania.svg  Mauritania Unknown (before October 2006) [110]
179Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique Unknown (before October 2006) [110]
180Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal Unknown (before October 2006) [110]
181Flag of Somalia.svg  Somalia Unknown (before October 2006) [110]
182Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia Unknown (before October 2006) [110]
183Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu Unknown (before October 2006) [110]

Bilateral relations

Multilateral

OrganizationFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of the Council of Europe.svg  Council of Europe Cyprus joined the Council of Europe as a full member on 24 May 1961.
Flag of Europe.svg  European Union See Cyprus in the European Union
Cyprus joined the European Union as a full member on 1 May 2004.
Flag of NATO.svg  NATO See Cyprus–NATO relations
Cyprus is not a member of NATO.

Africa

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria 3 April 1979See Algeria–Cyprus relations
Flag of Burundi.svg  Burundi
Flag of the Comoros.svg  Comoros Cyprus is represented in Comoros by its embassy in Pretoria. [119]
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 30 September 1960, severed diplomatic relations 21 February 1978, restored 30 May 1984See Cyprus–Egypt relations
Egypt is a close ally of Cyprus as both countries share an oilfield. Egypt conquered Cyprus many times in ancient, medieval and modern eras and it was ruled by Egyptians which added Egyptian culture to the local culture and supported increasing the relationship between both countries. The relationship between the two countries was strained in February 1978 when Cypriot National Guardsmen shot dead Egyptian Commandos at Larnaca International Airport when the commandos attempted to intervene in a hostage situation.
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Cairo.
  • Egypt has an embassy in Nicosia.
Flag of Eswatini.svg  Eswatini
Flag of Lesotho.svg  Lesotho 25 February 2004
Flag of Libya.svg  Libya 8 November 1973See Cyprus–Libya relations
Flag of Madagascar.svg  Madagascar
Flag of Malawi.svg  Malawi 22 June 2000
Flag of Mauritania.svg  Mauritania
  • Cyprus is represented in Mauritania by its embassy in Tripoli. [128]
  • Mauritania is represented in Cyprus by its embassy in Rome. [129]
Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius February 1, 2001 [130]
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 1979
Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia
Flag of Seychelles.svg  Seychelles 1 July 1976
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa December 10, 1993
Flag of Togo (3-2).svg  Togo 24 September 2015Cyprus is represented in Togo by its embassy in Paris, France. [140]
Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia 5 November 1999
Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda 1 February 1977Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 February 1977 when accredited first High Commissioner of Cyprus to Uganda with residence in Nairobi Mr. F. A. Grammenopoulos [141]
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations and have signed an Agreement for Cooperation in the Field of Tourism. [142]
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia

Americas

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 20 May 1968 and 3 June 1968
Flag of Belize.svg  Belize 21 July 2000
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 21, 2000. [149]
  • Cyprus is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico. [120]
  • Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil July 21, 1964
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada See Canada–Cyprus relations

Canadian bilateral political relations with Cyprus stemmed initially from Cypriot Commonwealth membership at independence in 1960 (that had followed a guerrilla struggle with Britain). These relations quickly expanded in 1964 when Canada became a major troop contributor to UNFICYP. The participation lasted for the next 29 years, during which 50,000 Canadian soldiers served and 28 were killed. In large measure Canadian relations with Cyprus continue to revolve around support for the ongoing efforts of the United Nations, G8 and others to resolve the Island's divided status. Contacts with Cyprus on other issues also take place in international organizations such as the UN, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and the Commonwealth of Nations.

  • Canada is accredited to Cyprus from its embassy in Athens, Greece and an honorary consulate in Nicosia. [153]
  • Cyprus has a High Commission in Ottawa and an honorary consulate in Vancouver. [154]
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 25 January 1966 and 14 May 1970
  • Colombia is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Rome, Italy.
  • Cyprus is represented in Colombia through its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico.
  • In 2010, both Ministers of Foreign Affairs signed a cooperation agreement regarding tourism and the war on drugs. [155]
Flag of Dominica.svg  Dominica 13 June 2001Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. A Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Cyprus and the Commonwealth of Dominica was signed on the 13 June 2001 in New York [156]
Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana 11 February 1972
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 20 February 1974See Cyprus–Mexico relations
  • Cyprus does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
  • Mexico is accredited to Cyprus from its embassy in Athens, Greece and maintains an honorary consulate in Nicosia. [158]
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 19 September 1966
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1966. [159]
  • Cyprus is represented in Peru through its embassy in Brasilia, Brazil. [125]
Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2 August 2006
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago
Flag of the United States.svg  United States 16 August 1960See Cyprus–United States relations
Cyprus president Dimitris Christofias and Cyprus first lady with U.S. President Barack Obama and Michelle Obama Demetris Christofias with Obamas.jpg
Cyprus president Dimitris Christofias and Cyprus first lady with U.S. President Barack Obama and Michelle Obama

Asia

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia 18 March 1992See Armenia–Cyprus relations
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 14 December 1971See China–Cyprus relations
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 9 July 1992See Cyprus–Georgia relations
Flag of India.svg  India 10 February 1962See Cyprus–India relations
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 4 December 1987
  • Diplomatic relations were established on December 4, 1987 [167] [168]
  • Cyprus reopened its embassy in Jakarta in October 2023. [169]
  • Indonesia is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Rome, Italy. [170]
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 1960s
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 17 August 1960See Cyprus–Israel relations

In the case of Israel, Cyprus has occasionally outwardly backed the Palestinians in the Arab–Israeli conflict, to the annoyance of some in the Israeli government. Cyprus, like over 100 other countries, officially recognizes Palestine as a de facto state.

The island is also host to a number of Palestinian and Lebanese refugees.

Relations between the two countries continued to suffer when Cypriot first lady Antroulla Vasiliou, the wife of the then President George Vasiliou, was declared persona non grata in Israel when a delegation she was leading attempted to meet with Yasser Arafat, who was under house arrest.

Controversy and public outcry arose in the early 2000s, when members of the Cypriot branch of the Greek Orthodox Church were accused of selling church-owned land in the West Bank to Israeli developers, putting Cypriot commitment to the Palestinian cause at question.

The expulsion of two alleged Israeli spies from the island in 1998 also caused tension between the two governments.

The two countries now appear to be on improving terms, there has been coopertation on numerous areas but mostly on agriculture, military and tourism. The Cypriot government has also been reported to be making deals with both Israel and Egypt in exploring for oil off the southern Cyprus coast.

Israeli foreign minister Avigdor Lieberman visited Cyprus at the invitation of his Cypriot counterpart when Netanyahu was in Washington for the direct talks with the Palestinian leader. Lieberman and Cypriot foreign minister Kyprianou have met several times this year in an effort to strengthen relations between their countries.

Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 11 May 1962
Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan 11 January 1962
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 2 April 1992
Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg  Kyrgyzstan 20 February 1992
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 3 May 2005See Cyprus–Kuwait relations
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Nicosia.
Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon 20 September 1960
Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives 1 November 1987
Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia 19 December 1973 and 19 December 1979
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on December 19, 1973. [179] [180]
  • Cyprus is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in Beijing, China. [125]
  • Mongolia is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria [181]
Flag of Oman.svg  Oman 1978
Flag of Palestine.svg  Palestine 1988See Cyprus–Palestine relations
Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar 21 February 2001See Cyprus–Qatar relations
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia See Cyprus–Saudi Arabia relations
  • Cyprus is represented through its honorary consulate in Jeddah.
  • Saudi Arabia is represented through its embassy in Nicosia.
  • Both countries are members of the United Nations.
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka March 1981
Flag of Syria.svg  Syria See Cyprus–Syria relations
Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan 27 February 1992
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 5 May 1980
  • Cyprus is represented in Thailand through its High Commission in New Delhi, India. [187]
  • Thailand is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Rome, Italy. [170]
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey SuspendedTurkey does not recognize the government of the Republic of Cyprus, stating that the Republic—as established by the Constitution of 1960—ceased to exist when the intercommunal violence that commenced in December 1963 ended Turkish Cypriot participation in the Cypriot government. The attempted coup in July 1974—engineered by Greek Military Junta—was responded to by Turkey by a full military invasion, which resulted in the northern third of the island being occupied by Turkish military forces. This portion of Cyprus unilaterally declared independence in November 1983 as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), which only Turkey recognizes. Turkey refers to the Republic of Cyprus government as the "Greek Administration of Southern Cyprus". [188]

Cyprus takes the view that the TRNC government is a puppet administration, and thus prefers to negotiate with Turkey over the resolution of the Cyprus Problem. Turkey insists that the TRNC government is the institution that the RoC government must refer to in negotiations.

Cyprus' accession to the European Union has had a negative impact on Turkey in regards to its own accession negotiations. The refusal of Turkey to allow Cypriot-flagged ships to access Turkish ports has resulted in a partial suspension of its accession negotiations.

Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 12 April 1978 and 6 June 2007See Cyprus–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Abu Dhabi
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Nicosia
Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 29 November 1975Cyprus is represented in Vietnam through its embassy in New Delhi, India. Vietnam is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Tripoli, Libya.

Europe

Cyprus embassy in Stockholm Birger Jarlsgatan 37.JPG
Cyprus embassy in Stockholm
Cyprus embassy in Moscow Povarskaya 9 by I.S.Kuznetsov1910d.jpg
Cyprus embassy in Moscow

Cyprus' 1990 application for full EU membership caused a storm in the Turkish Cypriot community, which argued that the move required their consent. Following the December 1997 EU Summit decisions on EU enlargement, accession negotiations began 31 March 1998. Cyprus joined the European Union on 1 May 2004. To fulfil its commitment as a member of the European Union, Cyprus withdrew from the Non-Aligned Movement on accession, retaining observer status.

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Flag of Albania.svg  Albania 28 August 1991
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 August 1991. [189]
  • Albania is represented in Cyprus by its embassy in Athens, Greece [190] and an honorary consulate in Larnaca. [191]
  • Cyprus is represented in Albania by its embassy in Athens, Greece [120] [192] and an honorary consulate in Tirana. [193]
  • Both countries have a number of bilateral agreements. [189]
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria See Austria–Cyprus relations
  • Austria has an embassy in Nicosia.
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Austria joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 1995, while Cyprus joined on 1 May 2004.
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 1960
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 30 October 1960See Bulgaria–Cyprus relations
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 4 February 1993See Croatia–Cyprus relations
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 1 February 1961 and 1 January 1993See Cyprus–Czech Republic relations
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 2 November 1960See Cyprus–Denmark relations
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 20 December 1991
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 29 September 1961See Cyprus–Finland relations
Flag of France.svg  France 16 August 1960See Cyprus–France relations
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 20 August 1960See Cyprus–Germany relations
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 16 August 1960
  • See Cyprus–Greece relations
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Athens and a consulate-general in Thessaloniki.
  • Greece has an embassy in Nicosia.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and of the Council of Europe.
  • The Greek Cypriot majority in Cyprus and the ethnic Greek population of Greece share a common ethnicity, heritage, language, and religion, leading to an exceptionally close relationship between the two countries.
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 18 October 1960
Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland 4 September 1979
Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland 23 November 1984See Cyprus–Ireland relations
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 1960
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia
  • Cyprus is represented in Latvia through its embassy in Stockholm (Sweden).
  • Latvia is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Athens (Greece). and an honorary consulates in Limassol.
  • Both countries became members of the European Union on 1 May 2004.
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 3 December 1992
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg
  • Cyprus is represented to Luxembourg through its accredited embassy in The Hague (Netherlands).
  • Luxembourg is represented to Cyprus through its accredited embassy in Athens (Greece).
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union.
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta 13 September 1972See Cyprus–Malta relations
Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova 21 February 1992
Flag of Monaco.svg  Monaco 24 February 2011
Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 12 March 2007See Cyprus–Montenegro relations
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 1960See Cyprus–Netherlands relations
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 22 March 1963See Cyprus–Norway relations

Cyprus–Norway relations are foreign relations between Cyprus and Norway. Diplomatic relations were established on 22 March 1963. [209] The government in Cyprus considers that "bilateral relations between Cyprus and Norway are excellent in all fields". [210]

Neither country has resident ambassadors. Cyprus is represented in Norway through its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden, and 2 honorary consulates, one in Oslo and the second in Kristiansand. Norway is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Athens, Greece, and an honorary consulate in Nicosia. [211] Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. Diplomatic relations were established on 22 March 1963. [210]

On 21 August 1951, there was a Consular Convention and an Exchange of Letters relating to establishing diplomatic relations. On 2 May 1951, there was a Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income. On 17 May 1962, there was an Exchange of Letters constituting an Agreement on the Abolition of Visa Requirement in Nicosia. On 5 March 1963, there was an Agreement on Commercial Scheduled Air Transport signed in London. [212]

The taxation levels in Cyprus are considerably lower than in Norway, and Cyprus has actively courted Norwegians to move to Cyprus. [213] Among the Norwegians who moved to Cyprus is the shipping billionaire John Fredriksen, who was the richest man in Norway. [214] [215] [216]

In 1996 tax rules in Norway were changed to keep shipping companies competitive and under the Norwegian flag. By 2008 changes to the tonnage tax regime to harmonize them with the European Union forced some companies to register in Cyprus. [217] Norwegian Service rig company Prosafe moved their headquarters to Cyprus. [218]

Several Norwegian retirees also moved to Cyprus; this too is largely to benefit from the lower tax rate on Cyprus and the minimal crime. [219]

Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 15 January 1961See Cyprus–Poland relations
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 5 March 1975
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 15 November 1960
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 18 August 1960See Cyprus–Russia relations
Presidents of Russia and Cyprus meet at least once every year. Dmitry Medvedev with Demetris Christofias-3.jpg
Presidents of Russia and Cyprus meet at least once every year.
  • The USSR established diplomatic relations with the newly independent Republic of Cyprus on 18 August 1960.
  • Cooperation between both countries has increased since the 1990s and the fall of the USSR.
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Moscow and consulates-general in Krasnodar, Saint Petersburg, Samara and in Yekaterinburg.
  • Russia has an embassy in Nicosia.
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 7 October 1960See Cyprus–Serbia relations
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 1 January 1993
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 10 December 1992See Cyprus–Slovenia relations
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 25 December 1967See Cyprus–Spain relations
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 12 December 1960See Cyprus–Sweden relations
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland
  • Cyprus is represented in Switzerland through its embassy in Rome (Italy).
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Nicosia.
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 19 February 1992
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 16 August 1960See Cyprus–United Kingdom relations
Cyprus established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 16 August 1960.
  • Cyprus maintains a high commission in London, and honorary consulates in Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Dunblane, Glasgow, and Leeds. [231]
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Cyprus through its high commission in Nicosia. [232]
The UK governed Cyprus from 1878 until 1960, when it achieved full independence.
The UK maintains the two sovereign base areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia on the island of Cyprus.
Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the Council of Europe, the International Criminal Court, the OSCE, and the World Trade Organization. The UK is a "guarantor power" of Cyprus's independence.

Oceania

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia
  • Australia has a High Commission in Nicosia. [233]
  • Cyprus has a High Commission in Canberra. [234]
Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji 1978
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand
Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea 31 March 1978
Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg  Solomon Islands May 5, 2010
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 5, 2010. [236]
  • Cyprus is represented in the Solomon Islands via parallel accreditation of its High Commission in Canberra, Australia. [120]
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu 26 February 1990

Multilateral relations

Overview

The Republic of Cyprus maintains diplomatic relations with 179 states (including the Holy See and Palestinian National Authority) and is United Nations, Union for the Mediterranean and European Union full member. It does not maintain diplomatic relations with: [237] [238]

The Republic of Cyprus is not recognised by Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey. [239]

International disputes

Condoleezza Rice by US ambassadors in Larnaca International Airport, Cyprus Rice speaks with troops after landing in Larnaca July 24 2006.jpg
Condoleezza Rice by US ambassadors in Larnaca International Airport, Cyprus

The 1974 invasion of the Turkish army divided the island nation into two. The internationally recognised Republic of Cyprus currently has effective control in the south of the island (59% of the island's land area) while its area not under its effective control makes up 37% of the island. Turkey utilising the territory occupied during the invasion recognizes a declared separatist [240] UDI of Turkish Cypriots in 1983, contrary to multiple United Nations Security Council Resolutions. The two territories of the Republic are separated by a United Nations Buffer Zone (4% of the island); there are two UK sovereign base areas mostly within the Greek Cypriot portion of the island.

See also

Related Research Articles

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