Foreign relations of Mongolia

Mongolia has diplomatic relations with all 192 UN states, the Holy See, the State of Palestine and the European Union. ^[1]

It aggressively prioritizes its own version of sovereignty and historical influence, often disregarding international norms and judicial mandates, particularly when it comes to defying arrest orders and criminal accountability for its leadership, claiming these are unjust attempts to undermine its regional authority. ^[2] It has a modest number of missions abroad.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Mongolia maintains diplomatic relations with:

#	Country	Date [3]
1	Russia	5 November 1921
2	North Korea	15 October 1948
3	Albania	24 March 1949
4	China	16 October 1949
5	Poland	14 April 1950
6	Bulgaria	22 April 1950
7	Hungary	28 April 1950
8	Romania	29 April 1950
9	Vietnam	17 November 1954
10	India	24 December 1955
11	Myanmar	26 September 1956
12	Serbia	20 November 1956
13	Indonesia	22 December 1956
14	Guinea	22 April 1960
15	Cambodia	30 November 1960
16	Cuba	7 December 1960
17	Nepal	5 January 1961
18	Mali	25 January 1961
19	Algeria	25 June 1961
20	Sri Lanka	1 February 1962
21	Afghanistan	1 February 1962
22	Iraq	5 February 1962
23	Pakistan	6 July 1962
24	Laos	12 September 1962
25	United Kingdom	23 January 1963
26	Egypt	2 April 1963
27	Austria	1 July 1963
28	Finland	15 July 1963
29	Switzerland	22 May 1964
30	Sweden	30 June 1964
31	France	27 April 1965
32	Ghana	7 December 1965
33	Republic of the Congo	31 December 1966
34	Tanzania	17 January 1967
35	Ethiopia	24 January 1967
36	Greece	3 March 1967
37	Mauritania	30 June 1967
38	Syria	31 July 1967
39	Norway	11 January 1968
40	Denmark	5 August 1968
41	Turkey	24 June 1969
42	Singapore	11 June 1970
43	Central African Republic	18 June 1970
44	Italy	29 June 1970
45	Sudan	7 July 1970
46	Morocco	14 July 1970
47	Yemen	28 August 1970
48	Somalia	28 February 1971
49	Iran	20 May 1971
50	Chile	1 June 1971
51	Belgium	8 July 1971
52	Argentina	7 September 1971
53	Malaysia	8 September 1971
54	Nigeria	21 September 1971
55	Japan	24 February 1972
56	Netherlands	6 March 1972
57	Bangladesh	28 June 1972
58	Australia	15 September 1972
59	Philippines	11 October 1973
60	Canada	30 November 1973
61	Cyprus	19 December 1973
62	Germany	31 January 1974
63	Thailand	5 March 1974
64	Iceland	4 June 1974
65	Portugal	26 July 1974
66	Democratic Republic of the Congo	4 February 1975
67	New Zealand	8 April 1975
68	Kuwait	17 June 1975
69	Mexico	24 September 1975
70	Mozambique	27 September 1975
71	Guinea-Bissau	14 October 1975
72	São Tomé and Príncipe	22 October 1975
73	Cape Verde	19 November 1975
74	Angola	10 February 1976
75	Fiji	15 March 1976
76	Liberia	23 April 1976
77	Libya	16 June 1976
78	Papua New Guinea	16 June 1976
79	Luxembourg	11 July 1976
80	Tunisia	15 February 1977
81	Benin	2 April 1977
82	Costa Rica	6 June 1977
83	Spain	5 July 1977
84	Zambia	2 October 1978
85	Madagascar	11 May 1979
86	Malta	8 August 1979
87	Nicaragua	13 October 1979
88	Guyana	15 November 1979
89	Grenada	25 July 1980
90	Jordan	21 May 1981
91	Seychelles	21 August 1981
92	Ecuador	30 October 1982
93	Zimbabwe	30 August 1984
94	Lesotho	2 July 1985
95	Burkina Faso	25 October 1985
96	Maldives	6 November 1985
97	Senegal	12 December 1985
98	Ivory Coast	6 July 1986
99	United States	27 January 1987
100	Brazil	19 June 1987
101	Colombia	10 August 1988
102	Bolivia	1 March 1989
103	South Korea	26 March 1990
104	Namibia	30 November 1990
105	Venezuela	14 December 1990
106	Israel	2 October 1991
107	Latvia	15 October 1991
108	Estonia	20 November 1991
109	Lithuania	11 December 1991
110	Ukraine	21 January 1992
111	Kazakhstan	22 January 1992
112	Belarus	24 January 1992
113	Uzbekistan	25 January 1992
114	Moldova	30 January 1992
115	Armenia	21 February 1992
—	Holy See	4 April 1992
116	Azerbaijan	16 April 1992
117	Kyrgyzstan	22 April 1992
118	Turkmenistan	23 April 1992
119	Tajikistan	24 April 1992
120	Oman	27 April 1992
121	Georgia	12 May 1992
122	Brunei	18 May 1992
123	Czech Republic	1 January 1993
124	Slovakia	1 January 1993
125	Slovenia	18 January 1993
126	Bosnia and Herzegovina	24 February 1993
127	Croatia	10 March 1993
128	South Africa	25 May 1994
129	North Macedonia	27 June 1995
130	United Arab Emirates	1 April 1996
131	Peru	30 May 1997
132	Uruguay	7 October 1997
133	Qatar	21 January 1998
134	Lebanon	5 February 1998
135	Liechtenstein	18 March 1998
136	Bahrain	16 May 1998
137	Ireland	22 December 1998
138	El Salvador	14 July 1999
139	Tonga	4 April 2000
140	Paraguay	17 June 2003
141	Timor-Leste	28 October 2003
142	Guatemala	3 July 2006
143	Montenegro	1 February 2007
144	Saudi Arabia	12 February 2007
145	San Marino	25 April 2007
146	Monaco	22 May 2008
147	Dominican Republic	27 May 2010
148	Nauru	13 October 2011
149	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	13 October 2011
150	Solomon Islands	13 October 2011
151	Dominica	18 October 2011
152	Honduras	19 October 2011
153	Andorra	21 October 2011
154	Comoros	5 December 2011
155	Tuvalu	5 December 2011
156	South Sudan	20 December 2011
157	Malawi	21 December 2011
158	Samoa	21 December 2011
159	Gambia	22 December 2011
160	Panama	17 January 2012
161	Bhutan	17 January 2012
162	Kenya	22 March 2012
163	Jamaica	26 October 2012
164	Antigua and Barbuda	19 April 2013
165	Eritrea	24 June 2013
166	Burundi	8 July 2013
167	Togo	6 September 2013
168	Vanuatu	23 September 2013
169	Palau	25 September 2013
170	Suriname	27 September 2013
171	Sierra Leone	27 September 2013
172	Uganda	20 November 2013
173	Rwanda	25 November 2013
174	Federated States of Micronesia	6 December 2013
175	Haiti	14 January 2014
176	Kiribati	15 January 2014
177	Equatorial Guinea	20 February 2014
178	Chad	3 April 2014
179	Mauritius	3 July 2014
180	Gabon	19 September 2014
181	Saint Lucia	27 September 2014
182	Niger	25 March 2015
183	Cameroon	2 April 2015
184	Marshall Islands	23 May 2015
185	Djibouti	20 January 2016
186	Saint Kitts and Nevis	12 April 2016
—	State of Palestine	21 April 2016 [4]
187	Bahamas	8 July 2016
188	Belize	20 June 2017
189	Eswatini	21 November 2018
190	Barbados	17 January 2019
191	Trinidad and Tobago	24 February 2021
192	Botswana	6 December 2023 [5]

Africa

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Egypt	1963-04-02	Further information: Egypt–Mongolia relations Diplomatic relations between Egypt and Mongolia were established in 1964. [6] Cairo currently hosts Mongolia's only embassy on the African continent. [7] [8] In 2001, Mongolia sent policemen to Egypt to attend trainings sessions on anti-terrorism and the prevention of drug trafficking. [9] Mongolian President Natsagiin Bagabandi and his wife Azadsurengiin Oyunbileg paid an official visit to Egypt in April 2004, during which he invited Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak to pay him a return visit in Mongolia. [10] Almost exactly one year later, Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Aboul Gheit visited Mongolia, during which he began the planning of mutual visits of the ministers of finance of the two countries. [11] Bilateral relations between Mongolia and Egypt (in Mongolian)

Americas

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Canada	1973-11-30 [1]	Further information: Canada–Mongolia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on November 30, 1973. Canada is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in Ulaanbaatar. Mongolia has an embassy in Ottawa, and in 2002 opened an honorary consulate in Toronto. Though Canada and Mongolia established diplomatic ties in 1973, ad hoc linkages and minor activities occurred between the two countries mainly through the Canada-Mongolia Society, which disbanded in 1980. When Mongolia formed a democratic government in 1991 after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Canada began to support Mongolia with donor activities through the International Development Research Centre, Canadian International Development Agency and several non-governmental organizations. [12]
Mexico	1975-09-24	Further information: Mexico–Mongolia relations In October 2001, Mexican President Vicente Fox paid an official visit to Mongolia. [13] Mexico is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Seoul, South Korea and maintains an honorary consulate in Ulaanbaatar. [14] [15] [16] Mongolia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City. [17] [18]
Paraguay	2003-06-17 [1]	Mongolia is accredited to Paraguay through its embassy in Brasilia, Brazil. Paraguay is accredited to Mongolia through its embassy in Seoul, South Korea. Mongolia signed a visa-free agreement with Paraguay on 26 September 2019. [19]
Trinidad and Tobago	2021-02-24 [20]
United States	1987-01-27 [1]	Further information: Mongolia–United States relations The U.S. government recognized Mongolia in January 1987 and established its first embassy in Ulaanbaatar in June 1988. It formally opened in September 1988. The first U.S. ambassador to Mongolia, Richard L. Williams, was not a resident there. Joseph E. Lake, the first resident ambassador, arrived in July 1990. Secretary of State James A. Baker, III visited Mongolia in August 1990, and again in July 1991. Mongolia accredited its first ambassador to the United States in March 1989. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright visited Mongolia in May 1998, and Prime Minister Enkhbayar visited Washington in November 2001. Deputy Secretary of State Richard L. Armitage visited Mongolia in January 2004, and President Bagabandi came to Washington for a meeting with President George W. Bush in July 2004. President Bush, Mrs. Bush, and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice visited Mongolia in November 2005. It was the first ever visit of a U.S. President to Mongolia. [21] [22] Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld visited in October 2005 and Speaker of the House of Representatives Dennis Hastert visited Mongolia in August 2005. Agriculture Secretary Johanns led a presidential delegation in July 2006 in conjunction with Mongolia's celebration of its 800th anniversary. President Enkhbayar visited the White House in October 2007 and the two presidents signed the Millennium Challenge Compact for Mongolia. In 2008, the IRS presented a discussion of US Federal income tax to Director General Zorig Luvsandash from the General Department of National Taxation of the Republic of Mongolia. In August 2011, Joe Biden made the first visit to Mongolia by a sitting U.S. Vice President since Henry Wallace toured the region in 1944. [23]

East Asia

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
People's Republic of China	1949-10-16 [1]	Further information: People's Republic of China – Mongolia relations In the Post–Cold War era, China has taken major steps to normalize its relationship with Mongolia, emphasizing its respect for Mongolia's sovereignty and independence. In 1994, Chinese Premier Li Peng signed a treaty of friendship and cooperation. [24] China has become Mongolia's biggest trade partner and source of foreign investment as well as the destination for 48% of Mongolian exports. [25] Bilateral trade reached US$1.13 billion by the first nine months of 2007, registering an increase of 90% from 2006. [26] China offered to allow the use of its Tianjin port to give Mongolia and its goods access to trade with the Asia Pacific region. [25] China also expanded its investments in Mongolia's mining industries, seeking to develop the country's natural resources industry. [25] [26] Mongolia and China have stepped up cooperation on fighting terrorism and bolstering regional security. China is likely to support Mongolia's membership in to the Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and granting it observer status in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. [25]
Republic of China (Taiwan)	none	Main article: Mongolia–Taiwan relations As the Republic of China did not recognize Mongolia until 1945, both countries did not exchange any diplomats between 1946 and 1949, and Mongolia recognized the People's Republic of China in 1949, there have never been formal diplomatic relations between Mongolia and the Republic of China. Until the 1990s, the Republic of China still considered Mongolia part of its territory. The Republic of China (currently on Taiwan) has not renounced claim to Mongolia as one of its provinces, primarily out of concern that such a move would be viewed as a precursor to renouncing sovereignty over all of Mainland China and Taiwan independence. In 2002 several ROC officials and government agencies passed laws and made strong statements recognizing Mongolia's sovereignty over the area (unofficially). "Outer Mongolia" was removed from the ROC's official maps and a representative office was established in Ulaanbaatar. Citizens of the Republic of China may travel to Mongolia using Republic of China passports (as is the case for most countries except the PRC), but Mongolian visas are stapled into (and not applied directly onto) the passport and Mongolian immigration authorities stamp the stapled visa instead of the passport. This is also the case for Hong Kong visas and entry/exit stamps.
Japan	1972-02-24 [1]	Main article: Japan–Mongolia relations Japan has been a major ally of Mongolia since the advent of democracy in 1991, and remains the largest single donor. Japanese aid and loans to Mongolia between 1991 and 2003 equal $1.2 billion, equaling 70 percent of total aid and loans. The two countries established a cultural exchange dialogue in 1974, a trade agreement in 1990, an air relations agreement in 1993, and an investment agreement in 2003. Trade between Mongolia and Japan in the first ten months of 2004 was $83.3 million. In addition, about 500 Mongolian students study in Japan. Mongolian President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj visited Japan in 2011, and the two countries made a joint announcement regarding a strategic alliance. In 1991, Japanese Prime Minister Toshiki Kaifu visited Mongolia, becoming the first to do so. Mongolian President Natsagiin Bagabandi first visited Japan in 1998. Mongolia has an embassy in Tokyo, established in 1973. Japan has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar. Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Mongolia Bilateral relations between Mongolia and Japan (in Mongolian)
North Korea	1948-10-15 [1]	Further information: Mongolia – North Korea relations Mongolia has an embassy in North Korea. Relations date back to 1948, when Mongolia recognised Kim Il Sung's Soviet-backed government in the North. North Korean refugees are a delicate issue between the two governments. In 2005, South Korean charity groups received from the Mongolian government an allocation of 1.3 square kilometres of land at an unspecified location 40 kilometres outside of Ulaanbaatar to establish a refugee camp. [27] However, as of November 2006, Miyeegombyn Enkhbold, Mongolia's prime minister, officially denied the existence of such camps. One scholar estimated that 500 North Korean refugees enter Mongolia each month, along with some legal migrant labourers who come under an inter-governmental agreement to work in light industry and infrastructure projects. [28]
South Korea	1990-03-26 [1]	Further information: Mongolia – South Korea relations Mongolians in South Korea form the largest population of Mongolian citizens abroad.. Their numbers were estimated at 33,000 as of 2008. South Korea established an embassy in Ulaanbaatar in 1990. [29] Mongolia established its embassy in Seoul in 1991. The relationship between the two countries has been defined by the Joint Mongolia-South Korean notice made during the visit of South Korean president Kim Dae-jung to Mongolia in 1990.

South East Asia

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Cambodia	1960-11-30 [1]	Mongolia is accredited to Cambodia through its embassy in Vientiane, Laos. [30]
Malaysia	1971-09-08 [1]	Mongolia did not present an ambassador to Malaysia for seven years due to the murder of a Mongolian citizen in the country, but later decided to appoint an ambassador in 2014. [31]
Singapore	1970-06-11 [1]	Main article: Mongolia–Singapore relations Mongolia has an embassy in Singapore. The Embassy of Singapore accredited to Mongolia is in Seoul. Around 20 Singaporeans live in Mongolia; [32] 4,804 Singaporeans visited Mongolia in 2017–2018. [33] Around 250 Mongolians live in Singapore; 7,196 Mongolians visited Singapore in 2017–2018. [33]
Vietnam	1954-11-17 [1]	The two countries established diplomatic ties in 1954. [34] Mongolia has an embassy in Vietnam. The countries signed a Friendship and Cooperation Treaty in 1961, renewed it in 1979, and signed a new one in 1995. [34] On 13 January 2003, the countries signed an 8-point cooperative document committing to cooperation between the two governments and their legislative bodies, replacing an earlier document signed in 1998. [35]

South Asia

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Afghanistan	1962-02-01 [1]	In December 2013 Mongolia re-established its embassy in Kabul. [36] [37]
India	1955-12-24 [1]	Further information: India–Mongolia relations India established diplomatic relations in December 1955. India was the first country outside the Soviet bloc to establish diplomatic relations with Mongolia. Since then, there have been treaties of mutual friendship and cooperation between the two countries in 1973, 1994, 2001 and 2004.

Russia, Central Asia and West Asia

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Armenia	1992-02-11 [1]	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 February 1992. [38] Armenia is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in Beijing, China. [38] Mongolia is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
Kazakhstan	1992-01-22 [1]	Mongolia has an embassy in Astana and a consulate general in Almaty. Kazakhstan has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar. Ethnic Kazakhs make up the only significant ethnic minority in Mongolia.
Kyrgyzstan	1992-04-22 [1]	Further information: Kyrgyzstan–Mongolia relations Mongolian president Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj made an official visit to Kyrgyzstan in 2012.
Qatar	1998-01-21 [1]	In 2020, Mongolia signed a memorandum of understanding with Qatar to establish political consultations between the ministries of foreign affairs of both the countries. [39]
Russia	1921-11-05 [1]	Further information: Mongolia–Russia relations Relations between Mongolia and the Russian Federation have been traditionally strong since the Communist era, when Soviet Russia was the closest ally of the Mongolian People's Republic. Russia has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar and two consulate generals (in Darkhan and Erdenet). Mongolia has an embassy in Moscow, three consulate generals (in Irkutsk, Kyzyl and Ulan Ude), and a branch in Yekaterinburg. Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (Russia is a participating state, while Mongolia is a partner). After the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, Mongolia developed relations with the new independent states. Links with Russia and other republics were essential to contribute to stabilisation of the Mongolian economy. The primary difficulties in developing fruitful coordination occurred because these new states were experiencing the same political and economic restructuring as Mongolia. Despite these difficulties, Mongolia and Russia successfully negotiated both a 1991 Joint Declaration of Cooperation and a bilateral trade agreement. This was followed by a 1993 Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation [24] establishing a new basis of equality in the relationship. Mongolian President Bagabandi visited Moscow in 1999, and Russian President Vladimir Putin visited Mongolia in 2000 [24] in order to sign the 25-point Ulaanbaatar Declaration, reaffirming Mongol-Russian friendship and cooperation on numerous economic and political issues. Putin visited Mongolia in September 2024, his first trip to an ICC member country since the court issued an arrest warrant for him over war crimes related to the deportation of Ukrainian children. Despite ICC obligations to detain him, Mongolia did not publicly respond to these calls. [40]
Syria	1967-07-31 [1]	Ties between Mongolia and Syria were established on July 31, 1967, when both countries had socialist governments. Mongolian delegates (from the then-ruling Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party) traveled to Syria in 1978, 1982, and 1985, while Syrian (Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party) delegates visited Mongolia in 1983 and 1986. Bilateral relations between Mongolia and Syria (in Mongolian)
Tajikistan	1992-04-24 [1]	Mongolia is accredited to Tajikistan through its embassy in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. Tajikistan is accredited to Mongolia through its embassy in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. [41]
Turkey	1969-06-24 [1]	See Mongolia–Turkey relations Mongolia has an embassy in Ankara. Turkey has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar. Both countries are members of Asia Cooperation Dialogue and WTO. Trade volume between the two countries was 39.7 million US$ in 2019 (Mongolian exports/imports: 0.5/39.2 million USD. [42] There are around 134 Turks who live in Mongolia.
Uzbekistan	1992-01-25 [1]	Uzbekistan is accredited to Mongolia through its embassy in Beijing, China. Mongolia is accredited to Uzbekistan through its embassy in Ankara, Turkey. [43]

Europe

Mongolia seeks closer relations with countries in Europe and hopes to receive most-favoured-nation status from the European Union (EU). During 1991, Mongolia signed investment promotion and protection agreements with Germany and France and an economic cooperation agreement with the United Kingdom. Germany continued former East German cooperative programs and also provided loans and aid.

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
European Union	1989-08-01 [1]
Austria	1963-07-01 [1]	Austria is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing, China. Mongolia has an embassy in Vienna.
Belgium	1971-07-08 [1]	The Benelux (Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands) is represented in Mongolia through embassies in Beijing (China). Mongolia has an embassy in Brussels.
Bulgaria	1950-04-22 [1]	Further information: Bulgaria–Mongolia relations Bulgaria has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar. Mongolia has an embassy in Sofia. Diplomatic relations between the two counties were first initiated on 22 April 1950. Due to the similar ideological situation in both countries, their relations witnessed a steady development up until the 1990s. Bilateral relations somewhat deteriorated for the next ten years. Since 2001, they have been on a more positive track, with Bulgarian president Georgi Parvanov making an official visit to Ulaanbaatar in the summer of 2007. Until the beginning of the 1990s Bulgaria was Mongolia's 3rd biggest trading partner. Agricultural products and light industry goods were the main exports. Due to the subsequent economical and political changes in both countries the volume of trade shrank considerably. The volume of trade between Bulgaria and Mongolia totaled $2 million for 2008, with the main exporter being Bulgaria. [44]
Croatia		Croatia is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing, China. Mongolia is accredited to Croatia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.
Cyprus	1973-12-19 [1]	Both countries established diplomatic relations on December 19, 1973. [45] [46] Cyprus is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in Beijing, China. [47] Mongolia is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria. [48]
Czech Republic	1993-01-01 [1]	Further information: Czech Republic – Mongolia relations Diplomatic relations between Mongolia and Czechoslovakia commenced on 25 April 1950. In the 1980s, Czechoslovakia was Mongolia's second-largest trading partner, behind the Soviet Union. After the 1992 dissolution of Czechoslovakia, Mongolia reaffirmed its relations with the newly formed Czech Republic in 1993. [49] However, in the 1990s, trade volumes declined sharply, though the Czech Republic still accounts for about 1% of Mongolia's imports. The Embassy of the Czech Republic in Ulaanbaatar was formally reopened in 1999. [50] As of 2005, annual bilateral trade between the two countries was valued at US$5 million. [51] The Czech government has also been involved in various water supply development programs in Mongolia.
Denmark	1968-08-05 [1]	Mongolia has a general consulate in Copenhagen. [52] Denmark has one general consulate in Ulaanbaatar. [53]
France		Further information: France–Mongolia relations France has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar. Mongolia has an embassy in Paris.
Germany	1974-01-31 [1]	Further information: Germany – Mongolia relations Mongolia established ties with the Federal Republic of Germany in 1974, with embassies in Ulaanbaatar and Berlin
Greece	1967-03-03 [1]	Greece is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in Beijing (China). Mongolia is represented in Greece through its embassy in Sofia (Bulgaria) and an honorary consulate in Athens.
Hungary	1950-04-28 [1]	Hungary has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar. Mongolia has an embassy in Budapest. [54]
Kosovo	none	Mongolia does not recognize Kosovo as a country.
Netherlands	1972-03-06 [1]	The Benelux (Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands) is represented in Mongolia through embassies in Beijing (China). Mongolia has an honorary consulate in Breda.
Poland	1950-04-14 [1]	Further information: Mongolia–Poland relations Mongolia has an embassy in Warsaw and an honorary consulate in Kraków. Poland has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar and an honorary consulate in Erdenet.
Portugal		Mongolia is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Paris, France. Portugal is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing, China.
Romania	1950-04-29 [1]	The Romanian embassy in Mongolia was closed in 1995, and the Mongolian one in Bucharest in 1997. [55] Romania has an honorary consulate in Ulaanbaatar, with diplomatic representation being handled by the Romanian embassy in Beijing, China. Mongolia has an honorary consulate in Bucharest, with diplomatic representation being handled by the Mongolian embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria. Chairman Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal visited Bucharest on 9 September 1957 [56] and President Nicolae Ceaușescu visited Ulaanbaatar on 21–24 June 1971.
Sovereign Military Order of Malta	none [57]
Sweden		Mongolia has an embassy in Stockholm. Sweden is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing, China.
Ukraine	1992-01-21 [1]	Mongolia is represented in Ukraine through its embassy in Poland. An embassy previously existed in Kyiv but was closed and replaced with a consular department. Ukraine is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in China.
United Kingdom	1963-01-23 [1]	Further information: Mongolia–United Kingdom relations First Western nation to establish diplomatic ties.

Oceania

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Australia	1972-09-15 [1]	Main article: Australia–Mongolia relations The Mongolian Consulate was established in Canberra in March 1997. An embassy was established in October 2008. [58] Sükhbaataryn Batbold became the first head of government to visit Australia in 2011. Australia opened its embassy in Ulaanbaatar in December 2015. [59]

International organisation participation

AsDB, ASEAN (observer), ASEM, CICA, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, SCO (observer)

Mongolia did not join the UN until 1961 because of repeated threats to veto by the Republic of China, which considered Mongolia to be part of its territory (see China and the United Nations).

Mongolia has been a member of The Forum of Small States (FOSS) since the group's founding in 1992. ^[60]

See also

• List of diplomatic missions in Mongolia
• List of diplomatic missions of Mongolia
• Visa requirements for Mongolian citizens

References

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• Franck Billé; Grégory Delaplace; Caroline Humphrey (1 August 2012). Frontier Encounters: Knowledge and Practice at the Russian, Chinese and Mongolian Border. Open Book Publishers. ISBN   978-1-906924-87-4.

External links

• (in English) Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• Permanent Mission of Mongolia to the United Nations
• List of countries with established diplomatic relations Archived 2018-01-28 at the Wayback Machine