Foreign relations of South Korea

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Participants of the 2010 G20 Seoul summit gather for a conventional "family photo". 2010 G-20 Seoul summit.jpg
Participants of the 2010 G20 Seoul summit gather for a conventional "family photo".
United States, Japan, and South Korean leaders meet at G7 meeting P20230521CS-0228 (53029536186).jpg
United States, Japan, and South Korean leaders meet at G7 meeting

South Korea maintains diplomatic relations with 191 countries. The country has also been a member of the United Nations since 1991, when it became a member state at the same time as North Korea. South Korea has also hosted major international events such as the 1988 Summer Olympics and 2002 World Cup Football Tournament (2002 FIFA World Cup co-hosted with Japan) and the 2011 IAAF World Championships Daegu South Korea. Furthermore, South Korea had hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics which took place in Pyeongchang, South Korea from 9 to 25 February.

Contents

South Korea is a member of the United Nations, WTO, OECD/DAC, ASEAN Plus Three, East Asia Summit (EAS), and G-20. It is also a founding member of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the East Asia Summit.

On January 1, 2007, South Korean Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon assumed the post of UN Secretary-General, serving in that post until December 31, 2016.

International organization participation

Foreign policy

Indo-Pacific Indo-Pacific map outlines with ASEAN overlay.jpg
Indo-Pacific

South Korea's Indo-Pacific strategy is a comprehensive strategy that encompasses the economic and security spheres of Indo-Pacific countries. Announcing the strategy, the country said, "While strengthening the rules-based International order, which is conducive to a stable and prosperous Indo-Pacific, we will work towards a regional order that enables a diverse set of nations to cooperate and prosper together." [1]

Free trade agreements

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  South Korea
  Free-trade areas

South Korea has the following trade agreements: [2]

As of late 2021 states of GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council—Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates), Israel, Japan, Malaysia, MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market—Mercado comun del sur), Mexico, Mongolia, RCEP (Asian 10 Countries, Korea, China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, India), Russia (BEPA), SACU (South Asia Cooperation Union) and South Korea-China-Japan [5] are in negotiations about the FTA with South Korea. [6]

Asia

China (PRC)

Countries which signed cooperation documents related to the Belt and Road Initiative Belt and Road Initiative participant map.svg
Countries which signed cooperation documents related to the Belt and Road Initiative

Active South Korean-Chinese people-to-people contacts have been encouraged. Academics, journalists and particularly families divided between South Korea and the People's Republic of China (PRC) were able to exchange visits freely in the late 1980s. Nearly 2 million ethnic Koreans especially in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province of Northeast China have interacted with South Koreans.

Trade between the two countries continued to increase nonetheless, Furthermore, China has attempted to mediate between North Korea and the United States, and between North Korea and Japan. China also initiated and promoted tripartite talks between North Korea, South Korea and the U.S.

South Korea had long been an ally of Taiwan. Diplomatic ties between Seoul and Taipei were nevertheless severed in 1992. Formal diplomatic relations were established between Seoul and Beijing on August 24, 1992.

In 2004 the PRC government began the Northeast Project, sparking a massive uproar in South Korea when the project was widely publicized. [7]

After the KORUS FTA (United States-South Korea Free Trade Agreement) was finalized on June 30, 2007, the Chinese government has immediately begun seeking an FTA agreement with South Korea. [8] The FTA between South Korea and China are under discussion South Korea has been running a trade surplus with China which hit a record US$32.5 billion in 2009. [9] [10]

Taiwan (ROC)

On 23 August 1992, the government of the Republic of China (by then only in control of the island of Taiwan and a few outlying areas) severed diplomatic relations with South Korea in advance of its announcement of formal recognition of the People's Republic of China based in Beijing. The Yonhap News said in 2002 that since then relations between the two governments have been "in a rut". [11]

Japan

There is an ongoing dispute between Japan and South Korea over the sovereignty of the Liancourt Rocks Dokdo 20080628-panorama.jpg
There is an ongoing dispute between Japan and South Korea over the sovereignty of the Liancourt Rocks

The relation between South Korea and Japan has both political conflicts and economic intimacies. Examples of conflicts include the East sea naming dispute, visits by successive Japanese Prime Ministers to the Yasukuni Shrine and the disputed ownership of Dokdo of the island Korea.

On January 18, 1952, The first president of South Korea Syngman Rhee declared that the vicinity of Dokdo was a territory of South Korea (Syngman Rhee line). Subsequently, some 3,000 Japanese fishermen who conducted fishery operations in this vicinity were captured. This incident, called the Dai Ichi Daihoumaru Ship case strained relations between South Korea and Japan.

June 22, 1965, The president in South Korea Park Chung Hee concluded the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and South Korea As a result, Japan considered South Korea to be the legitimate successor of its rule over the Korean Peninsula.

South Korea's trade with Japan was US$892.1 million in 2008, with a surplus of nearly US$327.1 million on the Japanese side. [12] Japanese and South Koreans firms often had interdependent relations, which gave Japan advantages in South Korea's growing market.

In 1996 FIFA announced that the South Korea-Japan would jointly host the 2002 FIFA World Cup. The next few years would see leaders of both countries meet to warm relations in preparations for the games. [13] The year 2005 was designated as the "Japan-South Korea Friendship Year".

However, the Liancourt Rocks controversy erupted again when Japan's Shimane Prefecture declared "Takeshima Day", inciting mass demonstrations in South Korea. [14]

Mongolia

Both countries established diplomatic relations on March 26, 1990. South Korea has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. [15] Mongolia has an embassy in Seoul. [16]

Philippines

Since the establishment of diplomatic ties on 3 March 1949, the relationship between the Philippines and South Korea has flourished. The Philippines was one of the first countries that extended diplomatic recognition to South Korea. This was cemented with the Philippine government's deployment of the Philippine Expeditionary Force to Korea (PEFTOK) to help South Korea against the invasion of the communist North during the Korean War in the 1950s. After the war, the Philippines provided development assistance to South Korea and helped the country rebuild itself.

Since then, the Philippines's relations with South Korea have evolved with South Korea becoming one of the Philippines's most important bilateral partners aside from the United States, China and Japan. The Philippines's government seeks to cultivate strategic ties with South Korea given its increasing presence in the country. In the coming years, the Philippines anticipates to benefit from exploring unprecedented opportunities from South Korea that shall contribute significantly to the country's trade and economy, defense and security, and society and culture.

Vietnam

The relationship between these two Sinosphere countries is usually described as "from enemies to friends". Despite the two states' hostile positions in the Vietnam War and South Korean war crimes and atrocities in the Vietnam War, which are still recently sparkling some controversies between the two states, both countries have still become each other's most important trade partner throughout their relationship. South Korea is the third biggest trade partners of Vietnam while also being the second-biggest ODA provider and the biggest foreign direct investor to Vietnam; meanwhile, Vietnam is the third-biggest trade partner of South Korea and it is also hosting many important factories and facilities of South Korea's biggest conglomerate such as Samsung and LG. [17] [18]

In December 2022, the two nations have elevated their ties to comprehensive strategic partnership – technically the highest level of bilateral relationship that is designated by the Vietnamese side. Both countries have aimed to raise their two-way trade to 100 billion U.S. dollars in 2023 and expected to reach 150 billion by the end of this decade. Besides major economic ties and cooperations, South Korea and Vietnam also plan to further cooperate in politics, cultural exchange, resources exploitation, national security as well as in the defense sectors. Both countries share core benefits, concerns, and support to each other in issues related to the security of the region, noticeably Vietnamese support towards South Korea's effort in denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula (mentioning North Korea) and South Korea's support on Vietnam's attitude towards the stability and freedom of navigation of the South China Sea. [19] Vietnam is also an important partner of South Korea to exercise its Indo-Pacific strategy and the insight to strengthen South Korea's relationship with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. It is said that Vietnam can be a "bridge" or "ambassador" representing South Korea's influence to the Southeast Asia region. [20]

In the state visit of the President of Vietnam to South Korea in December 2022, South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol has honored Vietnamese President Nguyễn Xuân Phúc as "my very first national guest" (referring the fact that his Vietnamese counterpart was the first head of state to visit South Korea during his terms), and also saying that the people of Vietnam and South Korea are "close brothers". [21]

North Korea

Inter-Korean relations may be divided into five periods. The first stage was between 1972 and 1973; the second stage was Pyongyang North Korea's delivery of relief goods to South Korea after a typhoon caused devastating floods in 1984 and the third stage was the exchange of home visits and performing artists in 1985. The fourth stage, activated by Nordpolitik under Roh, was represented by expanding public and private contacts between the two Koreas. The fifth stage was improved following the 1997 election of Kim Dae-jung. His "Sunshine Policy" of engagement with North Korea set the stage for the historic June 2000 Inter-Korean summit.

The possibility of Korean reunification has remained a prominent topic. However, no peace treaty has yet been signed with the North. In June 2000, a historic first North Korea-South Korea summit took place, part of the South Korea's continuing Sunshine Policy of engagement. Since then, regular contacts have led to a cautious thaw. President Kim was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2000 for the policy.

With that policy, continued by the following administration of president Roh Moo-hyun, economic ties between the two countries have increased, humanitarian aid has been sent to North Korea and some divided families have been briefly reunited. Military ties remain fraught with tension, however, and in 2002 a brief naval skirmish left four South Korean sailors dead, leaving the future of the Sunshine policy uncertain. The North Korea cut off talks but the South remained committed to the policy of reconciliation and relations began to thaw again. The resurgence of the nuclear issue two years later would again cast relations in doubt, but South Korea has sought to play the role of intermediary rather than antagonist, and economic ties at the time seemed to be growing again.

Despite the Sunshine Policy and efforts at reconciliation, the progress was complicated by North Korean missile tests in 1993, 1998, 2006 and 2009. As of early 2009, relationships between North Korea and South Korea were very tense; North Korea had been reported to have deployed missiles, [22] Ended its former agreements with South Korea [23] and threatened South Korea and the United States not to interfere with a satellite launch it had planned. [24] As of 2009 North Korea and South Korea are still opposed and share a heavily fortified border. [25]

On May 27, 2009, North Korea media declared that the armistice is no longer valid due to the South Korean government's pledge to "definitely join" the Proliferation Security Initiative. To further complicate and intensify strains between the two nations, the sinking of the South Korean warship Cheonan in March 2010, killing 46 seamen, is as of May 20, 2010 claimed by a team of researchers around the world [26] to have been caused by a North Korean torpedo, which the North denies. South Korea agreed with the findings from the research group and president Lee Myung-bak declared in May 2010 that Seoul would cut all trade with North Korea as part of measures primarily aimed at striking back at North Korea diplomatically and financially. [27] As a result of this, North Korea severed all ties and completely abrogated the previous pact of non aggression. [28]

In November 2010, the Unification Ministry officially declared the Sunshine Policy a failure, thus bringing the policy to an end. [29] [30] On November 23, 2010, North Korean artillery shelled Yeonpyeong with dozens of rounds at Yeonpyeong-ri and the surrounding area. [31]

North Korean leader Kim Jong-un and South Korean President Moon Jae-in during the 2018 inter-Korean summit. 2018 inter-Korean summit 06.jpg
North Korean leader Kim Jong-un and South Korean President Moon Jae-in during the 2018 inter-Korean summit.

According to a 2013 BBC World Service Poll, 3% of South Koreans view the Democratic People's Republic of Korea's influence positively, with 91% expressing a negative view. [32] A 2015 government-sponsored poll revealed that 41% of South Koreans consider North Korea to be an enemy, with negative views being more prevalent among younger respondents. [33] Still, in a 2017 poll, 58% of South Koreans said they don't expect another war to break out with North Korea. [34]

Europe

Russia

Dmitry Medvedev meeting Lee Myung-bak at The Kremlin. Dmitry Medvedev 29 September 2008-1.jpg
Dmitry Medvedev meeting Lee Myung-bak at The Kremlin.

In the 1980s South Korean president Roh Tae Woo's Nordpolitik and Mikhail Gorbachev's "New Thinking" were both attempts to reverse their nations' recent histories. Gorbachev had signaled Soviet interest in improving relations with all countries in the Asia-Pacific region including South Korea as explained in his July 1986 Vladivostok and August 1988 Krasnoyarsk speeches.

In initiating Nordpolitik Roh's confidential foreign policy adviser was rumored to have visited Moscow Russia to consult with Soviet policymakers. Kim Young Sam visited Moscow Russian Federation from June 2 to June 10, 1989, as the Kremlin announced that it would allow some 300,000 Soviet-South Koreans who had been on the Soviet island of Sahkalin since the end of World War II to return permanently to South Korea. Moscow even arranged Kim's meeting with the North Korean ambassador to the Soviet Union In June 1990, Roh held his first summit with president Gorbachev in San Francisco, United States.

South Korea and the Soviet Union established diplomatic relations on September 30, 1990. These relations continued by the Russian Federation on December 27, 1991. Russian president Vladimir Putin visited Seoul in February 2001 while South Korean president Roh Moo-hyun visited Moscow Russia in September 2004. [35] [36]

Russian Federal Space Agency and the Korean Astronaut Program cooperated together to send South Korea's first astronaut into space. Yi So-Yeon became the first South Korean national as well as the third woman to be the first national in space on 8 April 2008 when Soyuz TMA-12 departed from Baikonur Cosmodrome. [37]

Since the 1990s there has been greater trade and cooperation between the Russian Federation and South Korea. The total trade volume between South Korea and Russia in 2003 was 4.2 billion U.S. dollars. [38]

United Kingdom

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the United Kingdom and South Korea began on 18 January 1949.

Visits from South Korea to the United Kingdom:

From the United Kingdom to South Korea:

European Union

The European Union (EU) and South Korea are important trading partners, having negotiated a free trade agreement for many years since South Korea was designated as a priority FTA partner in 2006. The free trade agreement has been approved in September 2010, following Italy's conditional withdrawal of its veto of the free trade agreement. [40] The compromise made by Italy was that free trade agreement would take provisional effect on July 1, 2011. South Korea is the EU's eighth largest trade partner and the EU has become South Korea's second largest export destination. EU trade with South Korea exceeded €65 billion in 2008 and has enjoyed an annual average growth rate of 7.5% between 2004 and 2008. [41]

The EU has been the single largest foreign investor in South Korea since 1962 and accounted for almost 45% of all FDI inflows into South Korea in 2006. Nevertheless, EU companies have significant problems accessing and operating in South Korea market due to stringent standards and testing requirements for products and services often creating barriers to trade. Both in its regular bilateral contacts with South Korea and through its FTA with South Korea, the EU is seeking to improve this situation. [41]

Americas

United States

United States President Barack Obama and Lee walking after a meeting at the Blue House in Seoul in November 2010. Obama and Lee Myung-bak.jpg
United States President Barack Obama and Lee walking after a meeting at the Blue House in Seoul in November 2010.

The United States engaged in the decolonization of Korea (mainly in the South, with the Soviet Union engaged in North Korea) from Japan after World War II. After three years of military administration by the United States, the South Korean government was established. Upon the onset of the Korean War, U.S. forces were sent to defend South Korea against invasion by North Korea and later China. Following the Armistice, South Korea and the U.S. agreed to a "Mutual Defense Treaty", under which an attack on either party in the Pacific area would summon a response from both. [42]

In 1968, South Korea obliged the mutual defense treaty, by sending a large combat troop contingent to support the United States in the Vietnam War. The U.S. Eighth Army, Seventh Air Force, and U.S. Naval Forces Korea are stationed in South Korea. The two nations have strong economic, diplomatic, and military ties, although they have at times disagreed with regard to policies towards North Korea, and with regard to some of South Korea's industrial activities that involve usage of rocket or nuclear technology. There had also been strong anti-American sentiment during certain periods, which has largely moderated in the modern day. [43]

Since the late 1980s, the country has instead sought to establish an American partnership, which has made the Seoul–Washington relationship subject to severe strains. Trade had become a serious source of friction between the two countries. In 1989, the United States was South Korea's largest and most important trading partner and South Korea was the seventh-largest market for United States goods and the second largest market for its agricultural products.

From Roh Tae-woo's administration to Roh Moo Hyun's administration, South Korea sought to establish a U.S. partnership, which has made the Seoul–Washington relationship subject to some strains. In 2007, a free trade agreement known as the Republic of Korea-United States Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) was reportedly signed between South Korea and the United States, but its formal implementation has been repeatedly delayed, pending further approval by the legislative bodies of the two countries.

The relations between the United States and South Korea have greatly strengthened under the Lee Myung-bak administration. At the 2009 G-20 London summit, U.S. President Barack Obama called South Korea "one of America's closest allies and greatest friends." [44]

South Korean President Moon Jae-in with U.S. President Donald Trump in November 2017 KOREA US CheongWaDae Summit 12.jpg
South Korean President Moon Jae-in with U.S. President Donald Trump in November 2017

However, some anti-American sentiment in South Korea still exists; the United States' alleged role in the May 1980 Gwangju uprising was a pressing South Korean political issue of the 1980s. Even after a decade, some Gwangju citizens and other South Koreans still blamed the United States for its perceived involvement in the bloody uprising. In 2008, the protests against U.S. beef was a center of a major controversy that year.

In a June 2010 open letter from President of South Korea Lee Myung-bak published in the Los Angeles Times, he expressed gratitude for the 37,000 Americans who were killed in the Korean War defending South Korea, saying that they fought for the freedom of South Koreans they did not even know. He stated that thanks to their sacrifices, the peace and democracy of the South Korean state was protected. [45]

The U.S. states that "The Alliance is adapting to changes in the 21st Century security environment. We will maintain a robust defense posture, backed by allied capabilities which support both nations' security interests We will continue to deepen our strong bilateral economic, trade and investment relations In the Asia-Pacific region we will work jointly with regional institutions and partners to foster prosperity, keep the peace, and improve the daily lives of the people of the region The United States and South Korea will work to achieve our common Alliance goals through strategic cooperation at every level." [46]

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which South Korea maintains diplomatic relations with (all UN member states except North Korea and Syria):

Diplomatic relations of South Korea.svg
#CountryDate [47]
1Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 18 January 1949 [48]
2Flag of France.svg  France 15 February 1949
3Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 3 March 1949
4Flag of the United States.svg  United States 25 March 1949 [49]
5Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 17 March 1950
6Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 24 November 1956
7Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 8 March 1957
8Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 25 May 1957 [50]
9Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 1 October 1958 [51]
10Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 2 March 1959
11Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 11 March 1959
12Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 11 March 1959
13Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 31 October 1959
14Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 23 February 1960
15Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 4 April 1961
16Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 5 April 1961
17Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 15 April 1961
18Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 2 May 1961 [52]
19Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Ivory Coast 23 July 1961
20Flag of Niger.svg  Niger 27 July 1961
21Flag of Benin.svg  Benin 1 August 1961
22Flag of Chad.svg  Chad 6 August 1961
23Flag of Cameroon.svg  Cameroon 10 August 1961
24Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia October 1961
25Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 26 January 1962
26Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua 26 January 1962
27Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 15 February 1962
28Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 10 March 1962
29Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 16 March 1962
30Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 26 March 1962 [53]
31Flag of Honduras.svg  Honduras 1 April 1962
32Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 10 April 1962
33Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 18 April 1962
34Flag of Burkina Faso.svg  Burkina Faso 20 April 1962
35Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic 6 June 1962
36Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay 12 June 1962
37Flag of Madagascar.svg  Madagascar 25 June 1962
38Flag of Sierra Leone.svg  Sierra Leone 25 June 1962
39Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 6 July 1962
40Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan 26 July 1962
41Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica 15 August 1962
42Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador 30 August 1962
43Flag of Haiti.svg  Haiti 22 September 1962
44Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 30 September 1962
45Flag of Gabon.svg  Gabon 1 October 1962
46Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador 5 October 1962
47Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 10 October 1962
48Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica 13 October 1962
49Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 16 October 1962
50Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal 19 October 1962
51Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 23 October 1962
52Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala 24 October 1962
53Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 14 January 1963
54Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 11 February 1963
55Flag of Rwanda.svg  Rwanda 21 March 1963
56Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda 26 March 1963
57Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Democratic Republic of the Congo 1 April 1963
58Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 1 April 1963
59Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 22 May 1963 [54]
60Flag of Togo.svg  Togo 26 July 1963
61Flag of Mauritania.svg  Mauritania 30 July 1963
62Flag of the Central African Republic.svg  Central African Republic 5 September 1963
63Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia 23 December 1963
64Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya 7 February 1964
65Flag of Liberia.svg  Liberia 18 March 1964
66Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 7 October 1964
67Flag of Malawi.svg  Malawi 9 March 1965
68Flag of Malta.svg  Malta 2 April 1965
69Flag of The Gambia.svg  Gambia 21 April 1965
70Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg  Bolivia 25 April 1965
71Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela 29 April 1965
72Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 18 December 1965
73Flag of Lesotho.svg  Lesotho 7 December 1966
74Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives 30 November 1967
75Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana 18 April 1968
76Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana 13 June 1968
77Flag of Eswatini.svg  Eswatini 6 November 1968
78Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia March 1969
79Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia 18 May 1970
80Flag of Tonga.svg  Tonga 11 September 1970
81Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji 30 January 1971
82Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius 3 July 1971
83Flag of Samoa.svg  Samoa 15 September 1972
84Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 24 August 1973
85Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 18 September 1973
86Flag of India.svg  India 10 December 1973 [55]
—Flag of the Vatican City - 2001 version.svg  Holy See 11 December 1973 [56]
87Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh 18 December 1973
88Flag of Afghanistan (2013-2021).svg  Afghanistan 31 December 1973 [57]
89Flag of Oman.svg  Oman 28 March 1974
90Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar 18 April 1974
91Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal 15 May 1974
92Flag of Laos.svg  Laos 22 June 1974
93Flag of Grenada.svg  Grenada 1 August 1974
94Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar 16 May 1975
95Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 8 August 1975
96Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname 28 November 1975
97Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain 17 April 1976
98Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea 19 May 1976
99Flag of Seychelles.svg  Seychelles 28 June 1976
100Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan 13 April 1977
101Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana 14 November 1977
102Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka 14 November 1977
103Flag of Barbados.svg  Barbados 15 November 1977
104Flag of Djibouti.svg  Djibouti 7 December 1977
105Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg  Solomon Islands 15 September 1978
106Flag of Dominica.svg  Dominica 3 November 1978
107Flag of Tuvalu.svg  Tuvalu 15 November 1978
108Flag of the Comoros.svg  Comoros 19 February 1979
109Flag of Saint Lucia.svg  Saint Lucia 23 February 1979
110Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 11 June 1979
111Flag of Nauru.svg  Nauru 20 August 1979
112Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg  Equatorial Guinea 14 September 1979
113Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 28 October 1979
114Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria 22 February 1980
115Flag of Kiribati.svg  Kiribati 2 May 1980
116Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 18 June 1980
117Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu 5 November 1980
118Flag of Libya.svg  Libya December 1980
119Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon 12 February 1981
120Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg  Antigua and Barbuda 1 November 1981
121Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg  Saint Kitts and Nevis 19 September 1983
122Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 4 October 1983 [58]
123Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 7 November 1983 [59]
124Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg  Guinea-Bissau 22 December 1983
125Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei 1 January 1984
126Flag of the Bahamas.svg  Bahamas 8 July 1985
127Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago 23 July 1985
128Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen 22 August 1985
129Flag of Belize.svg  Belize 14 April 1987
130Flag of Bhutan.svg  Bhutan 24 September 1987 [60]
131Flag of Somalia.svg  Somalia 25 September 1987
132Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg  São Tomé and Príncipe 20 August 1988
133Flag of Cape Verde.svg  Cape Verde 3 October 1988
134Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 1 February 1989
135Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq 9 July 1989
136Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 1 November 1989
137Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 27 December 1989
138Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria 15 January 1990
139Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia 21 March 1990
140Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 22 March 1990
141Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 23 March 1990
142Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia 26 March 1990
143Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 30 March 1990
144Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Republic of the Congo 16 June 1990
145Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia 4 September 1990
146Flag of Mali.svg  Mali 27 September 1990
147Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 30 September 1990
148Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg  Federated States of Micronesia 5 April 1991
149Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg  Marshall Islands 5 April 1991
150Flag of Albania.svg  Albania 22 August 1991
151Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 14 October 1991
152Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 17 October 1991
153Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 22 October 1991
154Flag of Angola.svg  Angola 6 January 1992
155Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 28 January 1992
156Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan 29 January 1992
157Flag of Kyrgyzstan (2023).svg  Kyrgyzstan 31 January 1992
158Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova 31 January 1992
159Flag of Turkmenistan.svg  Turkmenistan 7 February 1992
160Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus 10 February 1992
161Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 10 February 1992
162Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia 21 February 1992
163Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan 23 March 1992
164Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan 27 April 1992
165Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania 30 April 1992
166Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 24 August 1992
167Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 18 November 1992
168Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 18 November 1992
169Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 1 December 1992
170Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 14 December 1992
171Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 22 December 1992
172Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 1 January 1993
173Flag of Liechtenstein.svg  Liechtenstein 2 March 1993
174Flag of Eritrea.svg  Eritrea 24 May 1993
175Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique 11 August 1993
176Flag of Burundi.svg  Burundi 3 October 1993
177Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe 18 November 1994
178Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra 23 February 1995
179Flag of Palau.svg  Palau 22 March 1995
180Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 13 April 1995
181Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina 15 December 1995
182Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus 28 December 1995
183Flag of San Marino.svg  San Marino 25 September 2000
184Flag of East Timor.svg  East Timor 20 May 2002
185Flag of Guinea.svg  Guinea 28 August 2006
186Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 4 September 2006
187Flag of Monaco.svg  Monaco 20 March 2007
188Flag of South Sudan.svg  South Sudan 9 July 2011 [61]
—Flag of the Cook Islands.svg  Cook Islands 22 February 2013
189Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia 18 July 2019
—Flag of Niue.svg  Niue 29 May 2023 [62]
190Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 14 February 2024 [63]

Bilateral relations

Americas

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 1962-02-15 [64] See Argentina–South Korea relations
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 1959-10-31 [67] See Brazil–South Korea relations
  • Brazil has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Brasilia.
  • In 2006, Korea's export in Brazil was 3.06 billion US dollars. [68]
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 1963-01-14 [69] See Canada–South Korea relations
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 1962-04-18 [73] See Chile–South Korea relations
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 1962-03-10 [74] See Colombia–South Korea relations
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 2024-02-14See Cuba–South Korea relations
  • Diplomatic relations were established on 14 February 2024.
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 1962-01-26 [76] See Mexico–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Mexico and South Korea started on 26 January 1962.
  • Mexico has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with South Korea
  • Mexico has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Mexico City, Mexico.
Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 1962-09-30 [77] See Panama–South Korea relations
Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay 1962-06-12 [78] See Paraguay–South Korea relations
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 1963-04-01 [82] See Peru–South Korea relations
Flag of the United States.svg  United States 1882-05-22 [83]
1949-01-01 [84] 		See South Korea–United States relations
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 1964-10-07 [87] See South Korea–Uruguay relations
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela 1965-04-29 [89] See South Korea–Venezuela relations

Asia

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Flag of the Taliban.svg  Afghanistan 1973-12-12 [90] See Afghanistan – South Korea relations
  • The initial establishment of diplomatic relations between Afghanistan and South Korea began in December 1973 and lasted until September 1978.
  • The 2007 South Korean hostage crisis in Afghanistan was a major event in relations between the two countries. Two hostages were killed, and after the safe release of the remaining hostages, a Taliban official announced that South Korea had paid the Taliban more than US$20 million in ransom. [91] However, South Korea stated that they have made a promise with the Taliban not to make any public statements about the ransom. [92]
Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh 1973-12-18 [93] See Bangladesh–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Bangladesh and South Korea began on 18 December 1973.
  • Bangladesh has diplomatic relations with both North Korea and South Korea; North Korea commenced diplomatic relations with Bangladesh in 1973.
  • In 1974, South Korea opened its embassy in the capital Dhaka while her counterpart in 1987. [94]
  • In 2008, Ministry of Justice of South Korea ceased the protocol of visa exemption. It is decided in that illegal residents from Bangladesh have been over 13,000 through South Korea. Both nations should get permission from each country to enter from July 15, 2008. [95]
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is US$1.2 billion. [96]
Flag of Bhutan.svg  Bhutan 1987-09-24 [97] See Bhutan–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Bhutan and South Korea began in September 1987.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2012
    • Exports 3.27million US dollars.
    • Imports 382 thousand US dollars.
  • South Korea's Grant Aid to Bhutan, Total of $6.21million US dollars (1987–2012).
Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei 1984-01-01 [98] See Brunei–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Brunei and South Korea began on 1 January 1984.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2013 was about 2,030 million US dollars.
  • Brunei Darussalam has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
  • Both countries working closely in economic. [99]
Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia 1970-05-18 [100] See Cambodia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Cambodia and South Korea began on 18 May 1970 and lasted until 5 April 1975. They were re-established on 30 September 1997.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2013 750 million US dollars
    • Exports 610 million US dollars
    • Imports 140 million US dollars
  • The number of South Koreans living in the Kingdom of Cambodia in 2013 was about 5,000.
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 1992-08-24 [101] See China–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and South Korea began on 24 August 1992.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Beijing, China. [102]
  • China has an embassy in Seoul. [103]
  • South Korea's Investment in China (cumulative total at the end of 2014) about $3.7 billion.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014 was about 235.4 billion US dollars.
    • Exports: $145.3 billion US dollars.
    • Imports: $90.1 billion US dollars.
  • People-to-People Exchanges, total of 10.3 million visitors
    • The number of South Korean visitors to China: 4.18million.
    • Number of Chinese visitors to South Korea: 6.12million.
  • Number of Long-Term Residents
    • South Korean long-term residents in China: 800.000.
    • Chinese long-term residents in the KOR: 780.000.
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Republic of China (Taiwan) 1948-08-13 [104]
1992-08-23 [105] 		See South Korea–Taiwan relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Taiwan and South Korea began on 13 August 1948. They lasted until South Korea's establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC) on 22 August 1992. Due to the One-China Policy required by the PRC as a prerequisite for establishing diplomatic relations, South Korea does not have diplomatic relations with Taiwan.
  • Taiwan has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with South Korea.
  • South Korea has a Mission Office in Taipei. [106]
  • Taiwan has a Mission Office in Seoul [107] and Busan. [108]
Flag of East Timor.svg  East Timor 2002-05-20 [109]
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between East Timor and South Korea began on 20 May 2002.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2012 was about 75 million US dollars.
    • Exports 7.7 million US dollars.
    • Imports 67 million US dollars.
  • South Korea's Investment in the East Timor (cumulative total as of 2012) 14 million US dollars.
Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong 1945-05-01 [110]
Flag of India.svg  India 1973-12-01 [114] See India – South Korea relations
  • During the Korean War, India sent military medical staff to support South Korea as a part of the United Nations troops.
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries has been relatively limited, although much progress arose during the three decades. Since the formal establishment of the diplomatic ties between the two countries in 1973, several trade agreements have been reached: Agreement on Trade Promotion and Economic and Technological Cooperation in 1974; Agreement on Cooperation in Science & Technology in 1976; Convention on Double Taxation Avoidance in 1985; and Bilateral Investment Promotion/ Protection Agreement in 1996.
  • Trade between the two nations has increased exponentially, exemplified by the $530 million during the fiscal year of 1992–1993, and the $10 billion during 2006–2007. [115] During the 1997 Asian financial crisis, South Korean businesses sought to increase access to the global markets, and began trade investments with India. [115]
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 1973-09-17 [116] See Indonesia–South Korea relations

  • South Korea has an embassy in Jakarta.
  • The Republic of Indonesia has an embassy in Seoul.
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is US$14.88 billion. [117]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Indonesia
  • Indonesia and South Korea have invested in multiple joint military development projects, including the KFX/IFX fighter jet. [118]
  • South Korean firm Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering (DSME) is in final contract negotiations to supply Indonesia with three Type-209 submarines. This will be the largest ever bilateral defense deal, valued at US$1.1 billion. [119]
  • Trade in National currencies and moving away from the US dollar. [120] [ citation needed ]
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 1965-12-18 [121] See Japan–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and South Korea began on 18 December 1965.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Tokyo, Japan. [122]
  • The State of Japan has an embassy in Seoul. [123]
  • The State of Japan has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with South Korea
  • Between the two countries's People-to-People Exchanges in 2014 was about 5.04 million visitors.
Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea No RelationsSee North Korea–South Korea relations
  • North Korea and South Korea have not established diplomatic relations.
Flag of Laos.svg  Laos 1974-06-22 [124] See Laos–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Laos and South Korea began on June 22, 1974, and lasted until July 24, 1975. They were reestablished on October 25, 1995.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2013 was about 199 million US dollars.
    • Exports 187 million US dollars.
    • Imports 12 million US dollars.
  • South Korea's Investment in the Laos (cumulative total as of 2011) 32 million US dollars.
Flag of Macau.svg  Macau
  • The number of South Koreans living in the Macau in 2008 was about 320.
  • The number of South Korean visitors to Macau in 2008 was about 281,129.
  • South Korea's Investment in Macau was about 5,530 US dollars. [125]
Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 1960-02-23 [126] See Malaysia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Malaysia and South Korea began on 23 February 1960.
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • The two countries established relations in 1960. [127]
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is US$15.7 billion. [128]
Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives 1967-11-30 [129] See Maldives–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Maldives and South Korea began on 30 November 1967.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2012
    • Exports 3.67 million US dollars.
    • Imports 380 thousand US dollars.
  • The number of South Koreans visitors to Maldives in 2012 was 23,933.
Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia 1990-03-26 [130] See Mongolia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Mongolia and South Korea started on 26 March 1990.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2013 was about 520 million US dollars.
    • Exports 507 million US dollars.
    • Imports 13 million US dollars.
  • Investment (cumulative total at the end of 2013) about 350 million US dollars.
Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar 1975-05-16 [131] See Myanmar–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Myanmar and South Korea began on 16 May 1975, when the former was known as Burma.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2012 was about 1,682 million US dollars
    • Exports 1,331million US dollars
    • Imports 351 million US dollars
  • The number of South Koreans living in Myanmar (Burma) in 2013 was about 2,300.
Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal 1974-05-15 [132] See Nepal–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Nepal and South Korea started on 15 May 1974.
  • Nepal has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Kathmandu Nepal.
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is 27.2 million US dollars. [133]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Nepal
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 1983-11-01 [134] See Pakistan-South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Pakistan and South Korea started in November 1983.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2012 was about 1.33billion US dollars.
    • Exports 810 million US dollars.
    • Imports 520 million US dollars.
  • South Korea's Investment in Pakistan (total at December 2012) 100 million US dollars.
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 1949-03-03 [135] See Philippines–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Philippines and South Korea started on 3 March 1949.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Manila, Philippines.
  • The Philippines has an embassy in Seoul.
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is 6.8 billion US dollars. [136]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Philippines
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 1975-08-08 [137] See Singapore–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Singapore and South Korea started on 8 August 1975.
  • Singapore has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Singapore.
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is 24.7 billion US dollars. [138]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Singapore
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka 1977-11-14 [139] See Sri Lanka–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Sri Lanka and South Korea started on 14 November 1977.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Colombo.
  • Sri Lanka has an embassy in Seoul.
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is 686 million US dollars. [140]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Sri Lanka
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 1958-10-09 [141] See South Korea – Thailand relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Thailand and South Korea started in October 1958.
  • During the Korean War, Thailand was the second state sending troops for supporting South Korea just after United States. In October 2003, South Korean president Roh Moo-hyun visited Thailand while Prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra to Seoul in November 2005. [142]
  • The Republic of Korea is Thailand's 10th largest trade partner, which is due to reach the scale of 10 billion US dollars. [143]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Thailand
Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 1992-12-22 [144] See Vietnam–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Vietnam and South Korea started on 22 December 1992.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Hanoi.
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Seoul.
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is 9.8 billion US dollars. [145]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Vietnam

Oceania

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 1961-10-31 [146] See Australia–South Korea relations
Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji 1970-10-01 [153] See Fiji–South Korea relations
  • The Republic of the Fiji Islands and South Korea established official diplomatic relations in 1970, when the Republic of Fiji became independent. [154]
  • South Korea embassy in Suva Republic of Fiji. [155]
  • Fiji embassy in Seoul. [156]
  • South Korea's Investment in Fiji (cumulative amount at the end of 2013) 73.3 million US dollars.
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Fiji
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 1962-03-01 [157] See New Zealand–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between New Zealand and South Korea began on 1 March 1962.
  • During the Korean War, New Zealand has sent 5,350 New Zealand soldiers to offer military cooperation with South Korea.
  • Republic of Korea has a consulate general in Auckland and an embassy in Wellington New Zealand. [158]
  • New Zealand has an embassy in Seoul. [159]
  • Scale of bilateral trade between two nation is US$1.94 billion. [160]
  • New Zealand–Korea Free Trade Agreement.
  • New Zealand has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with the South Korea.
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with New Zealand
Flag of Niue.svg  Niue 29 May 2023 [1] See Niue–South Korea relations

Europe

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Albania.svg  Albania 1991-08-22 [162] See Albania–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Albania and South Korea began on 22 August 1991.
  • Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade Ban Ki-moon and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Albania Besnik Mustafaj signed the Convention between the government of the Republic of Korea and the Council of Ministers of the Albania for the Avoidance of Double Taxation with Respect to Taxes on Income and for the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion on May 17, 2006. [163]
Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra 1995-02-23 [164] See Andorra–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Principality of Andorra and South Korea began on 23 February 1995.
  • Bilateral Exchange in 2014: None.
  • Bilateral trade in 2014 was valued at 315,000 US dollars.
  • 2007 June Minister for Government Policy Coordination Im Sang-gyu.
  • 2008 August Foreign Minister Meritxell Mateu Pi. [164]
Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia 1992-02-21 [165] See Armenia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Armenia and South Korea began on 21 February 1992.
  • The Republic of Korea and Armenia Policy Consultation will deal with ways to vitalize high-level exchanges promote substantive cooperation and work together on regional and global issues. [166]
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 1963-05-22 [167] See Austria–South Korea relations
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan 1992-03-23 [171] See Azerbaijan–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between South Korea and the Republic of Azerbaijan began on 23 March 1992.
  • The Republic of Korea embassy in Azerbaijan held a briefing for journalists and officials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. [172]
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Baku.
Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus 1992-02-10 [173] See Belarus–South Korea relations
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina 1995-12-15 [175] See Bosnia and Herzegovina–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Bosnia Herzegovina and South Korea and began on 15 December 1995.
  • The Republic of Korea and Bosnia Herzegovina Policy Consultation was held in Sarajevo on July 9 with MOFAT's Deputy Minister for Political Affairs Lee Yong-joon and his Bosnian counterpart Ana Trisic-Babic leading their respective delegations. [176]
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 1990-03-23 [177] See Bulgaria – South Korea relations
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 1992-11-18 [180] See Croatia–South Korea relations
Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus 1995-12-28 [181] See Cyprus–South Korea relations
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 1990-03-22 [182] See Czech Republic–South Korea relations
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 1902-07-15 [185]
1959-03-11 [186] 		See Denmark – South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Denmark and South Korea began on 11 March 1959.
  • The number of South Koreans living in Denmark in 2012 was about 538.
  • Denmark has an embassy in Seoul. [187]
  • South Korea has an embassy in Copenhagen. [188]
  • During the Korean War, Denmark sent Danish medical staff to support South Korea as a part of the United Nations troops.
  • Denmark has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with the Republic of Korea. There is no quota to Danish citizens.
  • In October 2007, Queen of Denmark (Margrethe II of Denmark) visited Seoul for the first time after the official diplomacy between both nations. [189]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Denmark
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 1991-10-17 [190] See Estonia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Estonia and South Korea began on 17 October 1991.
  • Estonia has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea is represented in Estonia through its embassy in Helsinki, Finland and through an honorary consulate in Tallinn.
  • In 2006 South Korea was ranked as Estonia's 35th export partner and 29th import partner. Estonia's exports to South Korea consist primarily of machinery and mechanical appliances and wood items. The main import articles are transport vehicles and mechanical inventory. The total value of exports to South Korea in 2006 was 19.2 million EUR while imports totalled 34.6 million EUR. [191]
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Estonia
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 1973-08-24 [192] See Finland–South Korea relations
Flag of France.svg  France 1886-06-04 [193]
1949-02-15 [194] 		See France – South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the France and South Korea began on 15 February 1949. [194]
  • France and South Korea still maintain very good relations. They collaborate on many topics and issues, such as the question of North Korea which is a matter of great importance for both countries. Besides bilateral cooperation France and South Korea also work together in International organizations such as the United Nations, UNESCO, the OECD etc. On the matter of North Korea. France is one of the few European countries to not have official diplomatic relations with the North Korea. France has also supported the Six-party talks as well as the role of the IAEA in finding solutions to the nuclear issue. [195]
  • France has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with South Korea.
  • The number of South Koreans living in France in 2012 was about 14,000. [194]
  • South Korea has an embassy in Paris. [193]
  • France has an embassy in Seoul. [196]
  • President of the Republic of Korea Park Geun-hye visited France in November 2013.
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with France
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 1992-12-14 [197] See Georgia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Georgia and South Korea started on 14 December 1992.
  • The number of South Koreans living in the Georgia in 2014 was about 50.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014 was about 162 million US dollars.
  • Georgia has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Tbilisi.
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 1883-11-26 [198]
1955-12-01 [199] 		See Germany – South Korea relations
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 1961-04-05 [202] See Greece–South Korea relations
Flag of the Vatican City - 2001 version.svg  Holy See 1966-09-01 [204] See Holy See–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Holy See and South Korea began on 1 September 1966. [205]
  • The Holy See Has a nunciature in Seoul. [206]
  • The current (as of 2008) South Korean ambassador to the Holy See is "Kim Ji-Young" (Christian name Francis). [207]
  • The Pope John Paul II visited the Republic of Korea twice during his pontificate, in 1984 and 1989. [208] – 1984 visit to Seoul was for the canonization of the 103 Korean martyrs held outside Rome Italy in a break from tradition. [209]
  • In 2000 then president of the Republic of Korea, Kim Dae Jung made a state visit to Vatican City the first South Korean head of state to do so. [210]
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 1989-02-01 [211] See Hungary–South Korea relations
  • The Republic of Hungary–the Republic of Korea relations date back to the exchange of permanent missions between the two countries announced during the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul The announcement made Hungary the first Eastern Bloc country to exchange ambassadors with South Korea At the time, a large number of officials from various Communist countries were in Seoul having ignored North Korea's call for a boycott of the Olympics along with Hungary they also made various formal and informal contacts with South Korean government.
  • Hungary has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with the Republic of Korea
  • The South Korean embassy is in Budapest .
  • Hungary has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Hungary
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 1962-10-10 [212] See Iceland–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Iceland and South Korea began on 10 October 1962.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014 was about 57,000,000 US dollars.
  • Bilateral Investments (from 1962 to 2014) about 5,140,000 US dollars.
  • Minister of Foreign Affairs Halldor Ásgrímsson has visited South Korea in August 1996.
  • Minister of Foreign Affairs Choi has visited Iceland in September 2002.
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 1983-10-01 [213] See Ireland–South Korea relations
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 1884-06-26 [216]
1956-11-24 [217] 		See Italy – South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Italy and South Korea began on 24 November 1956.
  • Bilateral Trade and Investment between Italy and the Republic of Korea were about 10,926,000,000. US dollars in 2014.
  • Bilateral Investments in 2014
    • South Korea's Investment in Italy 654,000,000 US dollars.
    • Italy's Investment in South Korea 539,000,000 US dollars.
  • During the Korean War, Italy sent medical staff to support South Korea.
  • Italy has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Rome.
  • The number of South Koreans living in Italy in 2012 was about 4,054.
  • The Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti has visited to attend Seoul Nuclear Security Summit in March 2012.
  • The South Korean President Park Geun-hye has visited to Italy October 2014.
  • Italy has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with the Republic of Korea
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Italy
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 1992-01-28 [218] See Kazakhstan–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Kazakhstan and South Korea started on 28 January 1992.
  • The number of South Koreans living in Kazakhstan in 2013 was about 100,000.
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Nur-Sultan.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2013 was about 1,323 million US dollars.
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 1991-10-22 [219] See Latvia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Latvia and South Korea began in October 1991.
  • Latvia has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Riga.
  • The number of South Koreans living in Latvia in 2012 was about 41.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014 was about 166,000,000 US dollars.
  • In 2019, South Korean MOFA was taught from Latvia that the country belongs to the Baltic region, not Balkans. [220]
Flag of Liechtenstein.svg  Liechtenstein 1993-03-01 [221] See Liechtenstein–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Principality of Liechtenstein and South Korea started in 1993.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2013
    • Exports 4.5 million US dollars
    • Imports $8.7 million US dollars
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 1991-10-14 [222] See Lithuania–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Lithuania and South Korea began in October 1991.
  • Lithuania has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Vilnius.
  • The number of South Koreans living in the Lithuania in 2012 was about 106.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014 was about 3,485,000 US dollars.
Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 1962-03-16 [223] See Luxembourg–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Luxembourg and South Korea started in March 1962.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014
    • Exports 572,000,000 US dollars
    • Imports: $39,000,000 US dollars
  • The number of South Koreans living in the Luxembourg in 2012 was about 61.
Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia 2019-07-18 [224] See North Macedonia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between North Macedonia and South Korea started on 18 July 2019.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014
    • Exports 9.4 million US dollars
    • Imports 2.1 million US dollars
  • Macedonian Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski visited South Korea in July 2014. [225]
Flag of Malta.svg  Malta 1965-04-02 [226] See Malta–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Malta and South Korea started in April 1965.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014
    • Exports: $1,014,000,000 US dollars
    • Imports: $514,000,000 US dollars
  • Bilateral Investments in 2014 was about 5,419,490,000. US dollars
Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova 1992-01-31 [227] See Moldova–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Moldova and South Korea started on 31 January 1992.
  • The number of South Koreans living in the Republic of Moldova in about 130.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014
    • Exports 10 million US dollars
    • Imports 18 million US dollars
Flag of Monaco.svg  Monaco 2007-03-20 [228] See Monaco–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Principality of Monaco and South Korea began on 31 March 2007.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014
    • Export 241,000,000 US dollars
    • Imports 1,460,000 US dollars
  • Former foreign minister Yu Myung-hwan has attended the 6th World Policy Conference in Monaco on December 13–15 as Special Envoy of the President. [229]
Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 2006-06-04 [230] See Montenegro–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Montenegro and South Korea started on 4 September 2006.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014
    • Export $0.935 million
    • Imports:$0.027 million
  • The Montenegrin Deputy Prime Minister has visited South Korea in October 2014.
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 1961-04-01 [231] See Netherlands–South Korea relations
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 1959-03-02 [234] See Norway–South Korea relations
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 1989-11-01 [236] See Poland–South Korea relations
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 1990-03-30 [239] See Romania – South Korea relations
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 1884-07-07 [243]
1990-09-30 [244] 		See Russia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Russian Federation and South Korea began on 30 September 1990.
  • The Russian Federation has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has a consulate general Office in Vladivostok and has an embassy in Moscow
  • President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin has visited Republic of Korea in November 2013.
  • President of the Republic of Korea Lee Myung-bak has visited Russia in November 2011.
  • Russia and South Korea's Bilateral Trade in 2013 was about $22.64 billion US dollars.
  • The Republic of Korea's Investment in Russia in 2013 was about $2,962 million US dollars.
  • The Number of Ethnic Koreans living in Russia about 210,000 and South Koreans living in the Russian Federation in 2013 was about 5,350.
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 1989-12-27 [245] See Serbia–South Korea relations
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 1993-01-01 [247] See Slovakia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Slovak Republic and South Korea began in January 1993.
  • Slovakia has an embassy in Seoul. [248]
  • South Korea has an embassy in Bratislava Slovak Republic.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014 was about 45 billion US dollars.
  • The Republic of Korea's Investment in the Slovak Republic in 2014 million US dollars.
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 1992-04-15 [249] See Slovenia–South Korea relations
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 1950-03-17 [251] See Spain–South Korea relations
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 1959-03-07 [254] See Sweden–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and Sweden began on 11 March 1959.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Seoul.
  • Sweden has a Working Holiday Program Agreement with the Republic of Korea. There is no quota to Swedish citizens.
  • The number of South Koreans living in Sweden in 2012 was 2,602.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2014
    • Exports 871,000,000 US dollars
    • Imports 1,799,000,000 US dollars
  • South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about the relations with Sweden
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 1963-02-11 [255] See Switzerland–South Korea relations
Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan 1992-04-27 [257] See Tajikistan–South Korea relations
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 1957-03-08 [258] See Turkey–South Korea relations
Flag of Turkmenistan.svg  Turkmenistan 1992-02-07 [260] See Turkmenistan–South Korea relations
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 1992-02-10 [261] See Ukraine–South Korea relations
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan 1992-01-29 [264] See Uzbekistan–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and South Korea began on 29 January 1992.
  • Bilateral Trade in 2013 was about 2,020 million US dollars
    • Exports 1,968 million US dollars
    • Imports 53million US dollars
  • The number of South Koreans living in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2013 was about 2,500.
  • Number of Ethnic Koreans living in the Republic of Uzbekistan about 180,000.
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 1883-11-26 [265]
1949-01-18 [39] 		See South Korea–United Kingdom relations
Flag of the Vatican City (2023-present).svg  Vatican City 1963-12-11 [268] See Vatican City–South Korea relations

Middle East and Africa

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 1995-04-13 [270] See Egypt–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Egypt and South Korea began on April 13, 1995.
Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana 1977-11-14 [271] See Ghana–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Ghana and South Korea began on November 14, 1977.
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 1962-10-23 [272] See Iran–South Korea relations
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 1962-04-10 [273] See Israel–South Korea relations
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Ivory Coast 1961-07-23 [276] See Ivory Coast–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Ivory Coast and South Korea began on July 23, 1961.
  • Since 1966 South Korea has an embassy in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan 1962-07-26 [277] See Jordan–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Jordan and South Korea began on July 26, 1962.
Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya 1964-02-07 [278] See Kenya–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Kenya and South Korea began on February 7, 1962.
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 1962-10-16See Saudi Arabia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and South Korea began on October 16, 1962.
  • In business, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the largest exporter of oil to the Republic of Korea (300,000,000 barrels, 2014) Also, ARAMCO Korea was established in 2012. In 2016, two-way trade volume reached US$29.04 billion with South Korea exporting cars, electronic goods, steel and other items to Saudi Arabia and importing oil and other petrochemical products from it. [279] Now, South Korea is described as a "core" partner for the Saudi Vision 2030 project, noting progress in joint efforts to flesh out their cooperation scheme to realize the vision. [279]
  • On the matter of North Korea. Saudi Arabia is one of the few Asian countries to not have official diplomatic relations with the North Korea.
    • South Korea has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate in Jeddah
    • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Seoul
Flag of Somalia.svg  Somalia 1987-09-25 [280] See Somalia–South Korea relations
  • The establishment of diplomatic relations between Somalia and South Korea began on September 25, 1987.
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 1992-12-01 [281] See South Africa–South Korea relations

See also

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