Foreign relations of Sri Lanka

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Foreign relations of Sri Lanka refers to the diplomatic and commercial relations between Sri Lanka and other countries. Sri Lanka has stressed its principle of "friendship towards all, enmity towards none" in its diplomacy.

Contents

Sri Lanka since the 1950s has followed a non-aligned foreign policy and does not take sides with major powers. [1] Since the end of the Cold War in Asia, the country has pursued better relations with all major powers and seeks to strengthen its diplomatic, economic and military ties with China, India, Pakistan, Russia, the United States, Japan, South Korea and the European Union. Sri Lanka has also forged close ties with the member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), African Union and Arab League.

Sri Lanka participates in multilateral diplomacy, particularly at the United Nations, where it seeks to promote sovereignty, independence, and development in the developing world. Sri Lanka was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). It also is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Asian Development Bank (ADB), Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (as dialogue partner) and Colombo Plan. Sri Lanka continues its active participation in the NAM, while also stressing the importance it places on regionalism by playing a strong role in SAARC.

Sri Lanka Ambassador to the European Union Grace Asirwatham. Ambassador of Sri Lanka visiting the EIB.jpg
Sri Lanka Ambassador to the European Union Grace Asirwatham.

History

The goal of Sri Lanka's foreign policy is to maintain a strong, independent, powerful and unitary Sri Lanka; The Sri Lankan foreign policy establishment maintains that in achieving this goal.

Sri Lanka's foreign policy has been founded in the national interest. In a period of rapid and continuing change, foreign policy capable of responding optimally to new challenges and opportunities. It has to be an integral part of the larger effort of building the nation's capabilities through economic development, strengthening social fabric and well-being of the people and protecting Sri Lanka's sovereignty and territorial integrity. Sri Lanka's foreign policy is a forward-looking engagement with the rest of the world, based on a rigorous, realistic and contemporary assessment of the bilateral, regional and global geo-political and economic milieu.

Military

The Sri Lanka Armed Forces is the overall unified military of Sri Lanka encompassing the Sri Lanka Army, the Sri Lanka Navy, the Sri Lanka Air Force which comes under preview of the Ministry of Defence (Sri Lanka) (MOD). They receive military support from mainly China, Russia, India, Pakistan and Israel. The United States also gives limited support.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Sri Lanka maintains diplomatic relations with:

Diplomatic relations of Sri Lanka.svg
#CountryDate [2]
1Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 22 October 1946
2Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 29 April 1947
3Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 4 February 1948 [3]
4Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 3 May 1948 [4]
5Flag of India.svg  India 11 October 1948 [5]
6Flag of France.svg  France 27 October 1948
7Flag of the United States.svg  United States 29 October 1948
8Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar 7 June 1949
9Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 18 November 1949
10Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 18 April 1950
11Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 13 October 1950
12Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 23 November 1951
13Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 28 April 1952 [6]
14Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia 28 May 1952
15Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 6 August 1952
16Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 5 January 1953
17Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal January 1953
18Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 27 July 1953
19Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 20 August 1953
20Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 3 December 1953
21Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 24 September 1954
22Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 12 April 1955
23Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 28 October 1955 [7]
24Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 20 November 1955
25Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 14 December 1955
26Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 7 November 1956 [8]
27Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 7 February 1957
28Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 19 February 1957
29Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 18 April 1957
30Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal 1 July 1957
31Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 15 September 1957
32Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic September 1957
33Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 14 October 1957 [9]
34Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 24 October 1957
35Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia October 1957
36Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 1 January 1958
37Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 19 March 1958 [10]
38Flag of Afghanistan (2013-2021).svg  Afghanistan 1 November 1958
39Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 15 February 1959 [11]
40Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 29 July 1959
41Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 22 January 1960 [12]
42Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 19 April 1960
43Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal 1960
44Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 11 January 1961
45Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq 22 February 1961 [13]
46Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana 6 March 1961 [14]
47Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 5 January 1962 [15]
48Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia 1 February 1962
49Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 10 June 1962
50Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria 1962
51Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 1962
52Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 1962
53Flag of Bolivia.svg  Bolivia 1963 [16]
54Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan 6 July 1965 [17]
55Flag of Laos.svg  Laos 20 July 1965
56Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives 26 July 1965
57Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan 1967
58Flag of Syria.svg  Syria 10 May 1969
59Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria January 1970
60Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea 15 July 1970
61Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 20 July 1970
62Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 21 July 1970
63Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya 1970
64Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 19 February 1971
65Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh 4 March 1972
66Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 27 July 1972
67Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji September 1972
68Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda 30 November 1972
69Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia 1972
70Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg  Guinea-Bissau 1972
71Flag of Libya.svg  Libya 1972
72Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago 1972
73Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia 16 April 1973 [18]
74Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania July 1973
75Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana 14 July 1974
76Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 30 November 1974 [19]
77Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 17 March 1975
Flag of the Vatican City - 2001 version.svg  Holy See 15 February 1976
78Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 8 March 1976 [20]
79Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar 20 July 1976
80Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica 11 June 1977 [21]
81Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 14 November 1977
82Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Democratic Republic of Congo 13 May 1978 [22]
83Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 19 July 1979
84Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen September 1979 [23]
85Flag of Albania.svg  Albania 4 March 1980
86Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus 4 March 1980 [24]
87Flag of Oman.svg  Oman 17 February 1981
88Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia 7 December 1981 [25]
89Flag of Somalia.svg  Somalia 4 January 1982 [26]
90Flag of Bhutan.svg  Bhutan 13 May 1982
91Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea 17 November 1982
92Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe 1983 [27]
93Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu 28 September 1983
94Flag of Tonga.svg  Tonga 10 January 1984 [28]
95Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei 3 April 1984
96Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela 9 April 1987
97Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 30 September 1988 [29]
Flag of Palestine.svg  State of Palestine 6 February 1989 [30]
98Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 27 November 1990 [31]
99Flag of Guinea.svg  Guinea 6 August 1991 [32]
100Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia 12 February 1992
101Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 12 February 1992
102Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain 27 June 1992
103Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 29 June 1992 [33]
104Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan 4 August 1992
105Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova 27 November 1992
106Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 15 February 1993 [34]
107Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan 20 April 1994
108Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 12 September 1994
109Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 31 January 1996
110Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg  Kyrgyzstan 29 January 1996
111Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland February 1996 [35]
112Flag of Turkmenistan.svg  Turkmenistan 18 April 1996
113Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 25 July 1996
114Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 20 August 1996
115Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 19 September 1996
116Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 10 February 1997
117Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon 7 May 1997
118Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia 10 April 1998
119Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia June 1998
120Flag of Seychelles.svg  Seychelles 3 October 1998
121Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica 29 September 1998
122Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 23 December 1998
123Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique 12 March 1999
124Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia 8 April 1999
125Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 21 July 1999
126Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan 11 October 1999
127Flag of Malta.svg  Malta 27 January 2000
128Flag of Eswatini.svg  Eswatini 27 June 2000
129Flag of Lesotho.svg  Lesotho 14 July 2000
130Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus 20 November 2000
131Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina 22 June 2001
132Flag of Madagascar.svg  Madagascar 27 July 2001
133Flag of Angola.svg  Angola 3 February 2004
134Flag of the Bahamas.svg  Bahamas 19 July 2005
135Flag of Eritrea.svg  Eritrea 15 November 2007
136Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana 27 October 2008
137Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay 3 April 2009
138Flag of Liberia.svg  Liberia 17 July 2009 [36]
139Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius 20 July 2010 [37]
140Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic 3 February 2011
141Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 4 April 2011
142Flag of Rwanda.svg  Rwanda 20 April 2011
143Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador 9 May 2011 [29]
144Flag of Malawi.svg  Malawi 9 June 2011
145Flag of Mali.svg  Mali 19 January 2012
146Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Republic of the Congo 1 February 2012
147Flag of San Marino.svg  San Marino 7 June 2012
148Flag of Burkina Faso.svg  Burkina Faso 15 November 2012
149Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname 16 November 2012
150Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador 10 December 2012
151Flag of Haiti.svg  Haiti 14 December 2012
152Flag of Grenada.svg  Grenada 19 December 2012
153Flag of Mauritania.svg  Mauritania 21 December 2012
154Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 15 January 2013
155Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala 26 February 2013
156Flag of Honduras.svg  Honduras 12 March 2013
157Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg  Solomon Islands 3 July 2013
158Flag of Benin.svg  Benin 12 August 2013 [38]
159Flag of South Sudan.svg  South Sudan 25 September 2013
160Flag of Sierra Leone.svg  Sierra Leone 16 November 2013
161Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Ivory Coast 5 March 2014
162Flag of Samoa.svg  Samoa 15 August 2014
163Flag of Togo (3-2).svg  Togo 27 September 2015
164Flag of Djibouti.svg  Djibouti 16 November 2015
165Flag of Monaco.svg  Monaco 26 July 2016
166Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra 30 November 2016 [39]
167Flag of Dominica.svg  Dominica 17 April 2018
168Flag of Burundi.svg  Burundi 11 March 2019
169Flag of The Gambia.svg  Gambia 10 May 2019
170Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua 10 May 2019
171Flag of Saint Lucia.svg  Saint Lucia 25 June 2019
172Flag of Barbados.svg  Barbados 28 June 2019
173Flag of Liechtenstein.svg  Liechtenstein 5 March 2021 [29]
174Flag of Gabon.svg  Gabon 19 March 2021 [29]
175Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg  Saint Kitts and Nevis 22 March 2021 [29]
176Flag of East Timor.svg  East Timor 4 May 2022 [29]

Countries to establish relations:

Bilateral relations

Africa

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya 1970See Kenya–Sri Lanka relations
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 16 September 1994See South Africa–Sri Lanka relations

Americas

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 29 July 1959See Cuba–Sri Lanka relations
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 19 April 1960See Mexico–Sri Lanka relations
  • Mexico is accredited to Sri Lanka from its embassy in New Delhi, India and maintains an honorary consulate in Colombo. [41]
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City. [42]
Flag of the United States.svg  United States 23 October 1948See Sri Lanka–United States relations
President Jayewardene of Sri Lanka presents a baby elephant to President Reagan and the American people in 1984 Jayewardene presents elephant to Reagan.jpg
President Jayewardene of Sri Lanka presents a baby elephant to President Reagan and the American people in 1984
  • The U.S. Embassy in Sri Lanka is located in Colombo, as are U.S. Agency for International Development offices and Public Affairs offices. IBB offices are located near Chilaw, 75 km north of Colombo.
  • Sri Lankan Embassy is located in Washington, D.C.

Asia

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia 12 February 1992See Foreign relations of Armenia
  • Armenia is accredited to Sri Lanka from its embassy in New Delhi, India. [43]
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Moscow, Russia. [43]
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan See Azerbaijan–Sri Lanka relations
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Sri Lanka from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh 1972See Bangladesh – Sri Lanka relations

Relations are historically tied together even beyond the sub-continent's colonisation by the British. Sri Lanka's first King (to be mentioned in the ancient Pali chronicles) was alleged to have ancestors from the Vanga Kingdom which occupied an area now known as Bangladesh. Bangladesh's Buddhist minority gifted Sri Lanka with a few strands of hair said to have belonged to Buddha as a sign of goodwill. It is a worshipped object on Poya Day, a Buddhist public holiday in Sri Lanka.

In August 2008, both heads of states discussed the implementation of new air links in hope of increasing trade, investment and stronger cultural links. Sri Lanka's current investments have been in Bangladesh's garment and banking sector and expect to diversify into different areas. Bangladesh also hosts a number of Sri Lankan medical students and cricket as a form of friendly communications between their people. There has been discussion to increase bilateral relations, cooperation between the two navies and sending Sri Lankan Naval personnel to study in Bangladesh.

Flag of Bhutan.svg  Bhutan 13 May 1987
  • Diplomatic relations began in 1987.
  • The ambassador of the Sri Lankan High Commission in New Delhi is accredited to Bhutan.
  • The ambassador of the Bhutanese Embassy in Dhaka is accredited to Sri Lanka. [44]
  • Bhutan has an honorary consulate in Colombo.
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 7 February 1957See China–Sri Lanka relations

In 1411, the Ming dynasty fought a war against the Kingdom of Kotte. This conflict was known as the Ming-Kotte War.

China and Sri Lanka are now engaged in healthy relations, as China provided valuable equipment and materials to the Sri Lankan Army, to help defeat the LTTE. In the summer of 2012, Chinese officials visited Sri Lankan military officials. Currently, Sri Lanka seems intent on maintaining a good relationship with China, both militarily and politically.

Flag of India.svg  India 4 February 1948See India–Sri Lanka relations

Bilateral relations between Sri Lanka and India have been generally friendly, but were affected by the Sri Lankan civil war and by the failure of Indian intervention during the Sri Lankan civil war. India is Sri Lanka's only neighbour, separated by the Palk Strait; both nations occupy a strategic position in South Asia and have sought to build a common security umbrella in the Indian Ocean. [45]

India-Sri Lanka relations have undergone a qualitative and quantitative transformation in the recent past. Political relations are close, trade and investments have increased dramatically, infrastructural linkages are constantly being augmented, defence collaboration has increased and there is a general, broad-based improvement across all sectors of bilateral cooperation. India was the first country to respond to Sri Lanka's request for assistance after the tsunami in December 2004. In July 2006, India evacuated 430 Sri Lankan nationals from Lebanon, first to Cyprus by Indian Navy ships and then to Delhi & Colombo by special Air India flights.

There exists a broad consensus within the Sri Lankan polity on the primacy of India in Sri Lanka's external relations matrix. Both the major political parties in Sri Lanka, the Sri Lanka Freedom Party and the United Nationalist Party have contributed to the rapid development of bilateral relations in the last ten years. Sri Lanka has supported India's candidature to the permanent membership of the UN Security Council. [46]

Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 6 August 1952See Indonesia–Sri Lanka relations
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Colombo.
  • Sri Lanka has an embassy in Jakarta.
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 1961See Iran–Sri Lanka relations

Iran and Sri Lanka have had official diplomatic relations since 1961. [47]

Diplomatic relations between Iran and Sri Lanka (then known as Ceylon) began in 1961 via the Ceylonese embassy in Islamabad, which was the closest Ceylon had to a presence on Iranian soil until the opening of the Tehran embassy office in 1990. Tehran set up its Colombo office in 1975.

After Mahmoud Ahmadinejad became President of Iran, Sri Lanka was the first country he visited on his inaugural Asian tour. [48] Mahinda Rajapaksa also made ties with Iran a priority after he ascended to office. [49]

Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq 22 February 1961See Sri Lanka–Iraq relations

Iraq was the largest buyer of Sri Lankan tea during the reign of Saddam Hussein. Ties between Sri Lanka and Iraq were disrupted during the Iraq War. However, in 2018 Iraq re-emerged as the largest buyer of Sri Lankan Tea. [52]

Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 1 June 1956See Israel–Sri Lanka relations

Sri Lanka has a close relationship with Israel, and its military is a major user of Israeli weapons systems that include the IAI Kfir Fighter Jet, the Super Dvora Mk III class Patrol Vessel, and the Gabriel missile. In May 2011, the Israeli Minister of Agriculture visited Sri Lanka with an agro-business delegation to promote cooperation between the two countries. [53]

Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 28 April 1952See Japan – Sri Lanka relations

During World War II, an air raid was carried out by Japan to bomb the city of Colombo in Sri Lanka. Later on, Japan and Sri Lanka became friendly and established a relation in 1952. Japan has an embassy in Colombo. [54] Sri Lanka has an embassy in Tokyo. [55] Sri Lankan President JR Jayawardene played a major role in re-admitting Japan to the world community at the San Francisco Conference

Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia October 1957See Malaysia–Sri Lanka relations

Malaysia has a High Commission in Colombo, [56] and Sri Lanka has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur. [57]

Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives 26 July 1965See Maldives–Sri Lanka relations

Official and economic relations between the neighboring Indian Ocean countries of the Maldives and Sri Lanka, have been positive since the Maldives became independent in 1965. The Maldives first established a mission in Sri Lanka in July 1965, and today has a High Commission in Colombo.

Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal 1 July 1957 Foreign relations of Nepal

Nepal and Sri Lanka established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1957. Nepal opened an honorary consulate general in Colombo in 1975 and established its embassy in 1995. Sri Lanka has a residential embassy in Kathmandu since 1993. Around sixty thousand Sri Lankans visit Lumbini annually to pay homage to Gautam Buddha's birthplace Lumbini, so Government of Sri Lanka has built a rest house and constructed a Buddhist monastery complex in Lumbini.

Following the April 2015 Nepal earthquake, Sri Lanka was one of the first three countries to send medical and search-and-rescue teams to the country. The Air Force sent flights of C-130 Hercules aircraft, and SriLankan Airlines sent Airbus A330 aircraft, carrying Army emergency teams. [58]

Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan May 1948See Pakistan–Sri Lanka relations
Flag of Palestine.svg  Palestine April 1982See Palestine–Sri Lanka relations
  • Palestine has very close ties to Sri Lanka.Sri Lanka has made monetary donations to Palestine on various occasions.Sri Lankan president Maithripala Sirisena also assured that Sri Lanka is committed to stand by the struggle for independence of the Palestinian people. [59] There is an embassy for the state of Palestine in Colombo. [60]
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 17 April 1958See Philippines–Sri Lanka relations
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 14 November 1977

see South Korea–Sri Lanka relations

Diplomatic relations between both nations were established on 14 November 1977. The Republic of Korea's Investment in Sri Lanka (cumulative total at the end of June 2014) totals $731million. [61] The Republic of Korea has an embassy in Colombo. Sri Lanka has an embassy in Seoul.

Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey September 1958See Sri Lanka–Turkey relations
  • Since 2012, Sri Lanka has an embassy in Ankara. [62]
  • Since 2013, Turkey has an embassy in Colombo. [62]

Europe

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 14 February 1997 Foreign relations of Croatia
  • Sri Lanka recognized Croatia on 27 May 1992. [63]
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 February 1997. [63]
  • Both countries have agreed on bilateral treaties in various fields. [64]
Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus March 1981
  • Cyprus is accredited to Sri Lanka by its High Commission in New Delhi, India [65] and an honorary consulate in Colombo. [65]
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to Cyprus from its embassy in Rome, Italy [66] and an honorary consulate in Larnaca. [65]
  • Both countries have agreed on bilateral treaties in various fields. [67]
  • Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations.
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 28 December 1957 and 15 February 1993
  • Historical relations between the Czech Republic and Sri Lanka have been good with foundations to build upon in strengthening bilateral cooperation.
  • There have been state visits by both sides. [68]
  • The Czech Republic has a consulate in Colombo. [69]
  • In 2000 Czech Republic provided RM-70 multiple rocket launchers for Sri Lanka Army. [70]
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 5 January 1953See Denmark–Sri Lanka relations
Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 31 January 1996See Estonia–Sri Lanka relations
  • Sri Lanka recognised Estonia on 10 October 1991.
  • Sri Lanka has an embassy in Stockholm which covers Estonia.
  • Estonia has an honorary consulate in Sri Lanka.
  • Economic relations between Sri Lanka and Estonia are at moderate level.
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 24 September 1954

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 24 September 1954.

  • Finland is accredited to Sri Lanka from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to Finland from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.
Flag of France.svg  France 27 October 1948

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 27 October 1948.

  • France has an embassy in Colombo.
  • Sri Lanka has an embassy in Paris.
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 9 December 1953See Germany–Sri Lanka relations
  • Germany has an embassy in Colombo.
  • Sri Lanka has an embassy in Berlin.
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 1957
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1957. [71]
  • Greece is accredited to Sri Lanka from its embassy in New Delhi, India. [72]
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to Greece from its embassy in Rome, Italy. [71] [72]
Flag of the Vatican City - 2001 version.svg  Holy See 6 September 1975See Holy See–Sri Lanka relations
  • Formal relations Began in 1978.
  • The Holy See has a nunciature in Colombo. Sri Lanka has an embassy in Rome.
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 15 February 1959See Hungary–Sri Lanka relations
  • Sri Lanka has an embassy in Vienna, Austria that is accredited to Hungary. [73] and has a consul in Budapest [74]
  • Hungary maintains a consulate in Colombo. [75]
  • The relationship is low-keyed, but there are no outstanding issues. Hungary contributed to relief after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, and has since stepped up aid to Sri Lanka. [76]
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 18 April 1950

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 18 April 1950.

  • Italy has an embassy in Colombo.
  • Sri Lanka has an embassy in Rome.
Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia 10 April 1998

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 April 1998

Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 18 April 1957

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 April 1957.

  • Poland is accredited to Sri Lanka from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
  • Sri Lanka has an embassy in Warsaw.
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 15 September 1957See Romania–Sri Lanka relations

The Romanian Ambassador in New Delhi is concurrently accredited to Sri Lanka, while the Sri Lanka Mission in Warsaw, Poland is concurrently accredited to Romania. [77] The President of Sri Lanka, Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga characterized relations between the two countries in 2003 as "close and friendly". [78]

Diplomatic relation between Sri Lanka and Romania were established on 15 September 1957. Initially maintained at Legation level, the relations were later raised to Ambassadorial level in 1967. In 1963 Romania opened a Commercial Office in Colombo, this was upgraded to as embassy in 1976 with a chargé d'affaires. The Romanian Mission in Colombo was closed in 1995 but reopened as a Commercial Office in 1998.

In 1978, the Sri Lankan minister of Foreign Affairs visited Romania. [77]

Romania provided 32,000 euros worth of humanitarian aid to Sri Lanka after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami devastated the country in December 2004. [79]

The ambassador designate of Sri Lanka in Bucharest was Clarence Felician Chinniah [79] until his death in January 2009. [80] [81]

In December 2009, Valerica Epure presented her credentials to President Mahinda Rajapaksa to become Ambassador-Designate of Romania to Sri Lanka. [82] [83] [84] [85]

In December 2009 with the end of the civil war in Sri Lanka 46 Sri Lankan Tamil refugees were sent to Romania to be processed for resettlement from Indonesia on their way to Australia. [86]

Bilateral trade between Sri Lanka and Romania was valued at US$8.87 million in 2007, up from US$7.9 million in 2006. [87] Efforts have been made to expand trade in Ceylon tea to Romania. [88] In 2009, Chairman and CEO of the Sri Lanka Export Development Board Anil Koswatte has singled out Romania as country for which exports could be increased. [89]

Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 19 February 1957See Russia–Sri Lanka relations
President Mahinda Rajapaksa with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, at St. Petersburg Economic Forum, in June 2011. Rajapaksa and Medvedev at St Petersburg Economic Forum.jpeg
President Mahinda Rajapaksa with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, at St. Petersburg Economic Forum, in June 2011.
  • During the war between the Sri Lanka Armed Forces (Government of Sri Lanka) and Tamil Tigers, Russia helped Sri Lanka by providing education on battle field tactics to Sri Lanka Army.
  • Russia has an embassy in Colombo. Sri Lanka has an embassy in Moscow.
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 14 October 1957
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations in 1956. [90]
  • A number of bilateral agreements in various fields have been concluded and are in force between both countries. [91]
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 10 July 1955See Spain–Sri Lanka relations
  • Spain is accredited to Sri Lanka from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 23 January 1956See Sri Lanka–Switzerland relations

In the 1980s political relations between Switzerland and Sri Lanka intensified with many Sri Lankan Tamils fleeing from the ethnic conflict to find asylum in Switzerland.

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 4 February 1948See Sri Lanka–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 22 October 1946.

  • Sri Lanka maintains a high commission in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Sri Lanka through its high commission in Colombo. [92]

The UK governed Sri Lanka from 1802 to 1948, until it achieved full independence as Ceylon.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement. [93]

Oceania

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 4 February 1948See Australia–Sri Lanka relations
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 14 December 1955See Foreign relations of New Zealand

New Zealand and Sri Lanka have a strong relationship since the 1800s. New Zealand has longstanding Commonwealth, migrant and sporting ties with Sri Lanka.

  • New Zealand has a High Commission in Colombo.
  • Sri Lanka is accredited to New Zealand from its high commission in Canberra, Australia.

New Zealand visits to Sri Lanka:

  • Prime Minister John Key and Minister of Foreign Affairs Hon Murray McCully visited Sri Lanka for the 23rd Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2013.
  • Hon Murray McCully, Minister of Foreign Affairs, June, August 2013
  • Sri Lankan Parliamentary Delegation attending the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Conference, October 1998
  • Agriculture, Lands & Forestry Minister Jayaratne, May 1996

[94]

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Grenada</span>

The United States, Venezuela, Cuba, and the People's Republic of China have embassies in Grenada. Grenada has been recognized by most members of the United Nations and maintains diplomatic missions in the United Kingdom, the United States, Venezuela, and Canada.

Since 1980, the foreign relations of Iraq have been influenced by a number of controversial decisions by the Saddam Hussein administration. Hussein had good relations with the Soviet Union and a number of western countries such as France and Germany, who provided him with advanced weapons systems. He also developed a tenuous relation with the United States, who supported him during the Iran–Iraq War. However, the Invasion of Kuwait that triggered the Gulf War brutally changed Iraq's relations with the Arab World and the West. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria and others were among the countries that supported Kuwait in the UN coalition. After the Hussein administration was toppled by the 2003 U.S. invasion, the governments that succeeded it have now tried to establish relations with various nations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Japan</span>

The foreign relations of Japan are handled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Liberia</span>

Liberian foreign relations were traditionally stable and cordial throughout much of the 19th and 20th centuries, with a significant relationship with the United States, sharing close relations until the 1970s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Malaysia</span>

Malaysia is an active member of various international organisations, including the Commonwealth of Nations, the United Nations, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and the Non-Aligned Movement. It has also in recent times been an active proponent of regional co-operation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Mauritius</span>

Mauritius has strong and friendly relations with the West, with South Asian countries and with the countries of southern and eastern Africa. It is a member of the World Trade Organization, the Commonwealth of Nations, La Francophonie, the African Union, the Southern Africa Development Community, the Indian Ocean Commission, COMESA, and the recently formed Indian Ocean Rim Association.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Pakistan</span>

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan emerged as an independent country through the partition of India in August 1947 and was admitted as a United Nations member state in September 1947. It is currently the second-largest country within the Muslim world in terms of population, and is also the only Muslim-majority country in possession of nuclear weapons. De facto, the country shares direct land borders with India, Iran, Afghanistan, and China.

The Foreign Relations of the Philippines are administered by the President of the Philippines and the Department of Foreign Affairs. Philippine international affairs are influenced by ties to its Southeast Asian neighbors, China, the United States, and the Middle East.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Zimbabwe</span>

Zimbabwe maintains relations with various countries around the world, and maintains close diplomatic relations with neighboring nations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Uganda</span>

Uganda has formal diplomatic relations with many countries, some accredited. Since the colonial era and after independence Uganda has grown to be one of the most important African countries. Uganda has diplomatic relations with many countries throughout Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania. Uganda is a member of the United Nations and the Commonwealth of Nations since 1962.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Bangladesh</span>

The foreign relations of Bangladesh are Bangladesh's relationships with foreign countries. The Government of Bangladesh's policies pursue a moderate foreign policy that heavily relies on multilateral diplomacy, especially at the United Nations (UN) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). Since its independence in 1971, Bangladesh has stressed its principle of "Friendship towards all, malice towards none" in dictating its diplomacy. As a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, Bangladesh has tended to not take sides with major powers. Since the end of the Cold War, Bangladesh has pursued better relations with its neighbours and other nearby states.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Sierra Leone</span>

Sierra Leone maintains formal relations with many Western nations. It also maintains diplomatic relations with the former Soviet Bloc countries as well as with the People's Republic of China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estonia–Sri Lanka relations</span> Bilateral relations of Estonia and Sri Lanka

Estonia-Sri Lanka relations are the bilateral relations between Estonia and Sri Lanka. Estonia has an embassy in Colombo. Sri Lanka has a non resident embassy in Stockholm. Estonia's 2004 accession to the European Union had a positive effect on bilateral relations with Sri Lanka, since the EU is one of Sri Lanka's biggest donors and trade partners.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Denmark–Sri Lanka relations</span> Bilateral relations

Denmark – Sri Lanka relations refers to the current and historical relations between Denmark and Sri Lanka. Denmark is represented in Sri Lanka through its embassy in New Delhi, India. Sri Lanka is represented in Denmark through its embassy Oslo, Norway. Bilateral relations are described as warm for a long time. About 13,000 immigrants from Sri Lanka live in Denmark. President of Sri Lanka Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga visited Denmark in March 1995.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indonesia–Sri Lanka relations</span> Bilateral relations

Indonesia and Sri Lanka established diplomatic relations on 6 August 1952. Both nations share some cultural similarities. Indonesia and Sri Lanka are members of numerous organizations such as the World Trade Organization and Indian-Ocean Rim Association. They are also founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement. Indonesia has an embassy in Colombo, while Sri Lanka has an embassy in Jakarta.

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Further reading