Foreign relations of the State of Palestine

Further information: International recognition of the State of Palestine

The foreign relations of the State of Palestine have been conducted since the establishment of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1964. ^[1] Since the Oslo Accords, it seeks to obtain universal recognition for the State of Palestine on the 1967 borders, with East Jerusalem as its capital. As of21June2024,146 of the 193 United Nations (UN) member states officially recognize the State of Palestine (Israel is recognized by 164 excluding Israel itself).

In November 1988, the Palestinian National Council declared the independence of the State of Palestine, and in 1994, the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) was established following the Oslo Accords. The PLO Executive Committee performs the functions of the government of the State of Palestine.

After 2011, the PLO's diplomatic effort focused on the Palestine 194 campaign, which aims to gain membership for the State of Palestine in the United Nations. In November 2012, the State of Palestine was accepted as a non-member observer state of the UN General Assembly with the passing of United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19. ^{[2] [3]}

Background

The Palestine Liberation Organization was created in 1964 as a paramilitary organization and has sought to conduct foreign relations with states and international organisations since that time. ^[1] Initially, the PLO established relations with Arab and communist countries. In 1969 the PLO became a member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. ^{[4] [5]} In October 1974, the Arab League designated the PLO as the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people". ^[6] The new status of the PLO was recognised by all Arab League states except Jordan (Jordan recognised that status of the PLO at a later stage). On 22 November 1974, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3236 recognised the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination, national independence, and sovereignty in Palestine. It also recognised the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people to the United Nations. By Resolution 3237 on the same date, the PLO was granted non-State observer status at the United Nations. ^{[7] [8]} In September 1976, the PLO became a non-state member of the Arab League, and in the same year became a member of the Non-Aligned Movement.

On 15 November 1988, in support of the First Intifada, the PLO declared the establishment of the State of Palestine, which was widely recognised by many foreign governments, ^[9] although often statements made were of an equivocal nature ^[10] – at times referring to the PLO or the State of Palestine or one acting on behalf of the other, or by the generic "Palestine". Many countries and organisations "upgraded" representation from the PLO to the new State, though in practice the same PLO offices, personnel and contacts continued to be used. In February 1989 at the United Nations Security Council, the PLO representative claimed recognition from 94 states. ^{[11] [12]} Since then, additional states have publicly extended recognition.

The PNA was established by the PLO in 1994 following the Oslo Accords and the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement. The Israeli government transferred certain powers and responsibilities of self-government to the PNA, which are in effect in parts of the West Bank, and used to be effective in the Gaza Strip before its takeover by Hamas. The Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian National Authority, who since July 2007 has been Riyad Al-Maliki, is responsible for the foreign relations of the PNA. States maintain official relations with the PNA through offices in the Palestinian territories, and the representation of the PNA abroad is accomplished by the missions of the PLO, who represents it there.

Both the PLO (representing itself, the State of Palestine, or the PNA) and the PNA now maintain an extensive network of diplomatic relations, ^[13] and participate in multiple international organisations with status of member state, observer, associate, or affiliate. The designation "Palestine", adopted in 1988 by the UN for the PLO, ^[14] is currently also used as reference to the PNA and the State of Palestine by states and international organisations, in many cases regardless of the level of recognition and relations they have with any of these entities.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which maintain diplomatic relations with the State of Palestine by date:

#	Country	Date
1	Czech Republic	9 November 1988 [15]
2	Mauritania	16 November 1988 [16]
3	United Arab Emirates	17 November 1988 [17]
4	Vietnam	19 November 1988 [18]
5	China	20 November 1988 [19]
6	Algeria	16 December 1988 [20]
7	Bulgaria	December 1988 [21]
8	Saudi Arabia	1 January 1989 [22]
9	Bahrain	3 January 1989 [23]
10	Kuwait	3 January 1989 [23]
11	Jordan	7 January 1989 [24]
12	Qatar	7 January 1989 [24]
13	Malaysia	12 January 1989 [25]
14	Niger	18 January 1989 [26]
15	Pakistan	18 January 1989 [27]
16	Oman	23 January 1989 [28]
17	Morocco	31 January 1989 [29]
18	Mozambique	31 January 1989 [30]
19	Sri Lanka	6 February 1989 [31]
20	Uganda	15 February 1989 [32]
21	Ghana	17 February 1989 [33]
22	Cuba	February 1989 [34]
23	Romania	February 1989 [35]
24	Senegal	February 1989 [36]
25	North Korea	3 March 1989 [37]
26	Serbia	5 April 1989 [38]
27	Republic of the Congo	6 April 1989 [39]
28	Gabon	7 April 1989 [40]
29	Poland	11 April 1989 [41]
30	Laos	15 May 1989 [42]
31	Hungary	23 June 1989 [43]
32	Bangladesh	24 July 1989 [44]
33	Chad	12 August 1989 [45]
34	Philippines	4 September 1989 [46]
35	Nicaragua	24 September 1989 [47]
36	Vanuatu	17 October 1989 [48]
37	Indonesia	19 October 1989 [49]
38	Albania	26 October 1989 [50]
39	India	16 November 1989 [51]
40	Guinea-Bissau	November 1989 [52]
41	Russia	10 January 1990 [53]
42	Comoros	1990 [54]
43	Mauritius	1990 [54]
44	Seychelles	1990 [54]
45	Tanzania	1990 [54]
46	Zambia	20 February 1991 [55]
47	Namibia	2 May 1991 [56]
48	Cambodia	17 December 1991 [57]
49	Turkey	19 December 1991 [58]
50	Syria	22 January 1992 [59]
51	Angola	28 February 1992 [60]
52	Tajikistan	6 March 1992 [61]
53	Kazakhstan	6 April 1992 [62]
54	Azerbaijan	15 April 1992 [63]
55	Turkmenistan	17 April 1992 [64]
56	Georgia	25 April 1992 [65]
57	Bosnia and Herzegovina	30 October 1992 [66]
58	Slovakia	1 January 1993 [67]
59	Brunei	24 May 1994 [68]
60	Uzbekistan	25 September 1994 [69]
61	Papua New Guinea	13 January 1995 [70]
62	South Africa	15 February 1995 [71]
63	Tunisia	19 April 1995 [72]
64	Kyrgyzstan	12 September 1995 [73]
65	Malawi	23 October 1998 [74]
66	Ukraine	2 November 2001 [75]
67	Belarus	4 February 2003 [76]
68	East Timor	1 March 2004 [77]
69	Paraguay	26 March 2005 [78]
70	Montenegro	1 August 2006 [79]
71	Costa Rica	5 February 2008 [70]
72	Equatorial Guinea	11 July 2008 [80]
73	Ecuador	24 November 2008 [81]
74	Venezuela	27 April 2009 [82]
75	Dominican Republic	15 July 2009 [70]
76	Cape Verde	4 December 2009 [83]
77	Eswatini	3 November 2010 [84]
78	Peru	12 November 2010 [85]
79	Chile	25 February 2011 [86]
80	Uruguay	29 March 2011 [70]
81	Lebanon	17 August 2011 [87]
82	Brazil	3 December 2011 [88]
83	Iceland	15 December 2011 [89]
84	Ivory Coast	24 January 2012 [90]
85	Thailand	1 August 2012 [91]
86	Cyprus	9 February 2013 [92] [93]
87	Guyana	21 February 2013 [70]
88	El Salvador	9 May 2013 [94]
89	Honduras	10 May 2013 [95]
90	Grenada	27 September 2013 [70]
91	Haiti	27 September 2013 [70]
92	Bolivia	15 November 2013 [70]
93	Belize	9 July 2014 [96]
94	Sweden	30 October 2014 [97]
95	South Sudan	24 January 2015 [98]
96	Argentina	5 March 2015 [99]
—	Holy See	13 May 2015 [100]
97	Saint Lucia	14 September 2015 [70]
98	Mongolia	19 April 2016 [101]
99	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	22 September 2016 [70]
100	Botswana	8 March 2017 [70]
101	Lesotho	23 November 2017 [102]
102	Sierra Leone	6 December 2017 [103]
103	Dominica	18 March 2018 [104]
104	Colombia	6 August 2018 [105] [106]
105	Saint Kitts and Nevis	29 July 2019 [107]
106	Norway	28 May 2024 [108]
107	Slovenia	5 June 2024 [109]
108	Barbados	11 June 2024 [70]
109	Antigua and Barbuda	14 June 2024 [70]
110	Spain	16 September 2024 [110]
111	Trinidad and Tobago	22 September 2024 [111]
112	Armenia	27 September 2024 [112]
113	Ireland	29 September 2024 [113]
114	Afghanistan	Unknown
115	Benin	Unknown
116	Burkina Faso	Unknown
117	Djibouti	Unknown
118	Egypt	Unknown
119	Ethiopia	Unknown
120	Gambia	Unknown
121	Guinea	Unknown
122	Iran	Unknown
123	Iraq	Unknown
124	Kenya	Unknown
125	Libya	Unknown
126	Maldives	Unknown
127	Mali	Unknown
128	Nigeria	Unknown
129	Somalia	Unknown
130	Sudan	Unknown
131	Togo	Unknown
132	Yemen	Unknown
133	Zimbabwe	Unknown

Bilateral relations

See also: International recognition of the State of Palestine

Further information: List of diplomatic missions in Palestine and List of diplomatic missions of the State of Palestine

The Palestine Liberation Organization maintains a network of missions and embassies, ^[114] and represents the Palestinian National Authority abroad. ^{[114] [115]} Most of the 146 states that have recognised the State of Palestine have elevated the Palestinian representation in their country to the status of embassy. ^[116] A number of other states have granted some form of diplomatic status to a PLO delegation, falling short of full diplomatic recognition. In some cases, as a matter of courtesy, these delegations and missions have been granted diplomatic privileges, ^[116] and are often referred to as "embassies" with their heads as "ambassadors". ^[117]

In the United States, an unofficial PLO information office was established in New York in 1964 and run by Sadat Hassan, who served as Permanent Representative of Yemen to the United Nations. ^[118] The Palestine Information Office was then registered with the Justice Department as a foreign agent and operated until 1968, when it was closed. The PLO was designated a terrorist organization by the United States in 1987, ^{[119] [120]} but in 1988 a presidential waiver was issued which permitted contact with the organization. ^[121] A PLO office was reopened in 1989 as the Palestine Affairs Center. ^[122] The PLO Mission office, in Washington D.C., was opened in 1994, and represented the PLO in the United States. On 20 July 2010, the United States Department of State agreed to upgrade the status of the PLO Mission in the United States to "General Delegation of the PLO". ^[123]

Participation in international organisations

The State of Palestine is represented in various international organizations as member, associate or observer.

International Organisation	Status	Representation	Application date	Admission date
Membership
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation [note 1]	member	State of Palestine		1969 [note 2]
INTERPOL		State of Palestine [125]		2017
ICC		State of Palestine [126]		2015
Non-Aligned Movement	member [127]	Palestine[ clarification needed ]		1976 [128]
Arab League [note 3]	member	State of Palestine		1976 [note 2]
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia	member [130]	Palestine Liberation Organization [131] (as in the UNGA)		1977
Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly	member [132]	Palestinian National Council (PLO)		2003
International Coordinating Committee of National Human Rights Institutions [note 4]	member [133]	Palestinian Independent Commission for Human Rights (PNA) [note 5]		2004 [134]
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement	member	Palestine Red Crescent Society (PLO) [135]		2006 [128]
Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean	member [136]	Palestinian National Council (PLO)		2006 [128]
Union for the Mediterranean	member	Palestinian National Authority		2008
Inter-Parliamentary Union	member [137]	Palestinian National Council (PLO) [note 6]	1995 [138]	2008 [note 6]
Asian Parliamentary Assembly	member [144]	Palestinian Legislative Council (PNA)
Group of 77	member [145]	Palestine[ clarification needed ]
International Trade Union Confederation	member [146]	Palestine General Federation of Trade Unions
Airports Council International	member [147]	Palestinian Civil Aviation Authority (PNA)
Alliance for Financial Inclusion	member [148]	Palestinian Monetary Authority (PNA)		2010
UNESCO	member	State of Palestine	1989 [149]	2011 [note 7]
IBAN	member [153]	Palestinian Monetary Authority (PNA) [154]		2012
Non-member status
United Nations [note 8]	observer state	State of Palestine [159]		1974 [note 9]
World Health Organization	observer [162]	Palestine Liberation Organization (as in the UNGA)		1998
International Telecommunication Union	observer [163]	Palestine Liberation Organization (as in the UNGA)		1998 [164]
World Tourism Organization	special observer [165]	Palestine Liberation Organization (as in the UNGA)[ citation needed ]		1999
International Organization for Standardization	correspondent [166] [note 10]	Palestine Standards Institution (PNA) [168] [169]		2001 [note 11]
World Intellectual Property Organization	observer [170]	Palestine Liberation Organization (as in the UNGA)	2005	2005 [171]
Universal Postal Union	special observer	Palestinian National Authority		2008
Energy Charter Conference	observer [172]	Palestinian National Authority		2008
International Electrotechnical Commission	affiliate participant [173]	Palestine Standards Institution (PNA) [169] [174]		2009
Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe	partner for democracy	Palestinian National Council (PLO)	2010 [132]	2011 [175]
Association of Caribbean States (ACS)	observer			2017

Arab League

In 1964, the first summit of the League of Arab States, held in Cairo in January, resulted in a mandate for the creation of a Palestinian entity. ^{[176] [177]} Subsequently, in May, the Palestine Liberation Organization was established during a meeting of the Palestinian National Congress in Arab-controlled Jerusalem. ^[178] The organisation's establishment was formally approved at the Arab League's second summit, held in Alexandria in October. ^[179] The PLO was granted full membership in 1976. ^[180] Its seat was assumed by the State of Palestine following the declaration of independence in 1988. ^{[180] [ specify ]}

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation

The PLO was accorded full membership in the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC; now named Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) in 1969; ^[5] it attended the founding conference, held in Rabat in September 1969, as an observer. ^[181] Its seat was assumed by the State of Palestine following the declaration of independence in 1988.^{[ specify ]} It is also a member of the Islamic Development Bank, an international financial institution for member states of the OIC. ^{[182] [183]}

Status at the United Nations

Further information: Palestine and the United Nations, International recognition of the State of Palestine, and State of Palestine

  Countries that have recognized the State of Palestine

  Countries that have not recognized the State of Palestine

The Palestine National Council (PNC) sent formal notification to the U.N. Secretary-General regarding the establishment of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in May 1964. The following year in October, some Arab states requested that a PLO delegation be allowed to attend meetings of the Special Political Committee, and it was decided that they could present a statement, without implying recognition. PLO participation in the discussions of the Committee took place under the agenda item of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) from 1963 to 1973. ^[184]

The Palestine Liberation Organization was granted observer status at the United Nations General Assembly in 1974 through General Assembly Resolution 3237. In the UNGA's regional groupings, the PLO gained full membership in the Group of Asian states on 2 April 1986. ^{[note 8]} Acknowledging the proclamation of the State of Palestine, ^[185] the UN re-designated this observer to be referred to as "Palestine" in 1988 (General Assembly Resolution 43/177) and affirmed "the need to enable the Palestinian people to exercise their sovereignty over their territory occupied since 1967". ^{[185] [186]} In July 1998, the General Assembly adopted a new Resolution (52/250) conferring upon Palestine additional rights and privileges, including the right to participate in the general debate held at the start of each session of the General Assembly, the right of reply, the right to co-sponsor resolutions and the right to raise points of order on Palestinian and Middle East issues. ^[187] By this resolution, "seating for Palestine shall be arranged immediately after non-member States and before the other observers." ^[187] This Resolution was adopted by a vote of 124 in favour, 4 against (Israel, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, United States) and 10 abstentions. ^{[188] [189]}

Since 2011, Palestinian diplomacy has been centred around the Palestine 194 campaign, which aims to gain membership for the State of Palestine in the United Nations at its 66th Session in September 2011. It seeks to effectively gain collective recognition for a Palestinian state based on the borders prior to the Six-Day War, with East Jerusalem as its capital. In September 2012, the Palestine Liberation Organization submitted a draft resolution according non-member observer state status to Palestine, ^{[190] [191]} which the General Assembly approved on 29 November 2012. ^[160] The change in status was described by The Independent as "de facto recognition of the sovereign State of Palestine". ^[192]

The vote was a historic benchmark for the sovereign State of Palestine and its citizens, whilst it was a diplomatic setback for Israel and the United States. Status as an observer state in the UN will allow the State of Palestine to join treaties and specialised UN agencies, such as the International Civil Aviation Organisation, ^[193] the Law of the Seas Treaty and the International Criminal Court. It shall permit Palestine to claim legal rights over its territorial waters and air space as a sovereign state recognised by the UN. It shall also provide the citizens of Palestine with the right to sue for control of their territory in the International Court of Justice and with the legal right to bring war-crimes charges, mainly those relating to the unlawful Israeli occupation of the State of Palestine, against Israel in the International Criminal Court. ^[194]

After Palestine was granted UN observer status, the UN authorised the PLO to title its representative office to the UN as 'The Permanent Observer Mission of the State of Palestine to the United Nations', ^[195] and Palestine re-titled its name accordingly on postal stamps, official documents and passports, ^{[196] [197]} whilst it has instructed its diplomats to officially represent 'The State of Palestine', as opposed to the 'Palestine National Authority'. ^[196] Additionally, on 17 December 2012, UN Chief of Protocol Yeocheol Yoon decided that "the designation of 'State of Palestine' shall be used by the Secretariat in all official United Nations documents", ^[198] thus recognising the PLO-proclaimed State of Palestine as being sovereign over the territories of Palestine and its citizens under international law.

International Criminal Court

On 13 June 2014, the State of Palestine became a party to the International Criminal Court, based in The Hague; the State of Palestine acceded to the Rome Statute on 2 January 2015. ^[199]

Before the United Nations General Assembly voting in September 2012, the Palestinian Authority had tried to become a party to the Rome Statute and therefore recognize the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in 2009 and again in April 2012. ^{[200] [201]} According to The Jerusalem Post, "had the ICC accepted the PA's recognition of its jurisdiction, it would have also tacitly accepted its statehood." ^[202]

International Committee of the Red Cross and the Red Crescent (ICRC)

In June 2006, a decision by the 29th International Conference of the Red Cross and the Red Crescent admitted the Palestine Red Crescent Society as a full member of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.

Geneva Conventions

The State of Palestine has been a full member of the Geneva Conventions since 2 April 2014.

In 1989, just one year after the proclamation of the State of Palestine, the Palestine Liberation Organization had tried to accede to the Geneva Conventions back in 1989, but Switzerland, as the depositary state, had stated that because the question of Palestinian statehood had not been settled within the international community, it was incapable of recognising Palestine as a "power" that could accede to the Conventions. ^[203]

FIFA, IOC (International Olympic Committee) and IPC (International Paralympic Committee)

The State of Palestine is a full member of the International Olympic Committee, ^[204] of the International Paralympic Committee, ^[205] and of FIFA. ^[206]

International Agency for Atomic Energy (IAEA)

On 28 September 2023, a majority of the members of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) approved a proposal for the State of Palestine to be recognized, with that name, as an observer state to the Agency. ^{[Note 1]}

World Health Organization (WHO)

The PLO currently holds observer status at the World Health Organization (WHO). It had applied for full membership status as far back as 1989, when the United States, which provided one-quarter of the WHO's funding at the time, informed the WHO that its funding would be withheld if Palestine was admitted as a member state. Yasser Arafat described the U.S. statement as "blackmail". The PLO was asked to withdraw its application by the WHO director general. The WHO subsequently voted to postpone consideration of the application and no decision on the application has been made yet. ^[203] John Quigley writes that Palestine's efforts to gain membership in several international organisations connected to the United Nations was frustrated by U.S. threats to withhold funding from any organisation that admitted Palestine. ^[210] On 31 October 2011, following the admission of Palestine to UNESCO, the Minister of Health Fathi Abu Moghli announced that the PNA would then seek membership at the WHO; ^[211] however, following reports that that would lead to the defunding of the entire organization by the United States – as the US had done to UNESCO after it admitted Palestine –, the Palestinian government announced that they would not be seeking membership at WHO at the time. ^[212] As of 2023, the WHO still refers to the territories claimed by the State of Palestine – the West Bank and Gaza – as "the Occupied Palestinian Territory".

World Trade Organization (WTO)

In 2022, the State of Palestine was allowed to participate, as an observer state and under the name "Palestine", of the World Trade Organization's twelfth Ministerial Conference, held in Geneva, Switzerland. ^[213]

International treaties and conventions

The Palestine Liberation Organization, representing the Palestinian National Authority, participates in trade liberalisation:

Treaty or convention	Signature	Ratification
Customs Union with Israel [note 12]		group="note">Established following the Oslo Accords and the Paris protocol.</ref>
Free Trade Agreement with the European Union [214]	1997-02-24 [214]	1997-07-01 [214]
Free Trade Agreement with the European Free Trade Association [215]	1998-11-30 [216]	1999-07-01 [216]
Bilateral Investment Treaty with Egypt [217]	1998-04-28 [218]	1999-06-19 [218]
Free Trade Agreement with Turkey [219]	2004-07-20 [219]	2005-06-01 [219]
Greater Arab Free Trade Area of the Council of Arab Economic Unity [220]	[ when? ]	[ when? ]
Free trade agreement with Mercosur (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela) [221]	2011-12-21 [221]
Free trade agreement with Jordan [222]	2012-10-07 [222]

The Palestine Liberation Organization and the Palestinian National Authority are jointly ^{[note 13]} accepted as party to the international agreements in the Arab Mashreq:

Treaty or convention	Signature	Ratification
On roads [224]	2001-05-10 [224]	2006-11-28 [224]
On railways [225]	2003-04-14 [225]	2006-11-28 [225]
On maritime transport [226]	—	2005-05-09 [226]

Notes

1. Including its subordinated organizations of Islamic Development Bank (joined in 1977, three years after its establishment in 1974) and Islamic Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (one of the founders in 1982). ^[124]
2. The State of Palestine succeeded the seat of the Palestine Liberation Organization following the 1988 Palestinian Declaration of Independence.
3. Including its subordinated organizations of Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, Arab Monetary Fund and Arab Satellite Communications Organization. The PLO's Palestinian National Council is one of the founders of the Arab Inter-parliamentary Union in 1974. ^[129]
4. Including its regional subgroup Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions (APF).
5. Established by 1993 decree of the President of the State of Palestine and the Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization and organized according to 1997 PNA's Palestinian Legislative Council law stipulating that "The Commission shall submit its reports to the President of the National Authority, and to the Palestinian Legislative Council." ^[134]
6. Palestine Liberation Organization delegation has been IPU observer since the 117th session of the IPU Governing Council in 1975. ^[129] At various sessions in 1996, ^[138] 1997 ^[139] and 1998 ^[140] it was decided that the Palestine National Council does not fulfill the conditions for membership laid down in Article 3 of the IPU Statutes, ^[140] but in 1998 the rights of the observer delegation of Palestine were strengthened. ^[141] Following the approval of the amendment to Article 3 ^[142] in 2008 the PNC was accepted as IPU member. ^[143]
7. The PLO participated in UNESCO as observer since 1974. ^[150] In 1989 an application was submitted for the State of Palestine to become full member. ^[149] In 2011 UNESCO accepted the application. ^{[151] [152]}
8. For the purposes of United Nations Regional Groups arrangement, the Palestine Liberation Organization participates in the Asia group since 2 April 1986. ^{[155] [156] [157] [158]}
9. Since 1974 the Palestine Liberation Organization has the status of UN non-state observer entity. Since 1988 its designation in the UN is "Palestine". ^[14] Since 2012 the UN observer mission of the PLO is changed into UN observer mission of the State of Palestine, ^[159] whose government is the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization. ^{[160] [161]}
10. Representation for "Occupied Palestinian Territory" equivalent to that of a state; assigned the code "ps" ^[167]
11. The PSI became a subscriber member of ISO in 2001 and a correspondent member in 2004. ^[168] It is still not a full member. ^[166]
12. Israel has free trade agreements with the EU, EFTA, Turkey, USA, Canada and Mexico. The PNA participates in the free trade agreement between the United States and Israel.
13. Palestine was accorded membership in ESCWA pursuant to ECOSOC Resolution 2089 (LXIII) dated 22 July 1977. ^[131] Full powers for the signature of the Agreements were issued by the leaders of the PLO and the PNA. ^[223]

1. Palestine Liberation Organization originally granted observer status by the IAEA on 23 September 1976. ^[207] Designation changed to "Palestine" on 29 September 1989, ^[208] and "State of Palestine" on 28 September 2023. ^[209]

References

1. Peleg, Ilan (1998). The Middle East peace process: interdisciplinary perspectives. SUNY Press. p. 124. ISBN   978-0-7914-3541-0. "... foreign policy formation of non-state actors as well as states. ... Since its inception in 1964, the PLO as a non-state actor has exercised a number of roles that approximate those utilized by nation-states."
2. United Nations A/67/L.28 General Assembly Archived 1 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine . 26 November 2012.
3. "Palestinians win implicit U.N. recognition of sovereign state". Reuters. 29 November 2012. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
4. The State of Palestine succeeded the seat of the Palestine Liberation Organization following the 1988 Palestinian Declaration of Independence.
5. Organisation of the Islamic Conference. "Member States". Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2011.
6. al Madfai, Madiha Rashid (1993). Jordan, the United States and the Middle East Peace Process, 1974–1991. Cambridge Middle East Library. Vol. 28. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 21. ISBN   978-0-521-41523-1.
7. UN General Assembly (22 November 1974). "UN General Assembly Resolution 3237". UN General Assembly (via The Jerusalem Fund). Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2011.
8. Geldenhuys, Deon (1990). Isolated States: A Comparative Analysis. Cambridge Studies in International Relations. Vol. 15. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p.  155. ISBN   978-0-521-40268-2.
9. Tessler, Mark A. (1994). A History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict (2nd, illustrated ed.). Indiana University Press, p. 722: "Within two weeks of the PNC meeting, at least fifty-five nations, including states as diverse as the Soviet Union, China, India, Greece, Yugoslavia, Sri Lanka, Malta, and Zambia, had recognized the Palestinian state."
10. Crawford, James (1999), "Israel (1948-1949) and Palestine (1998-1999): Two Studies in the Creation of States", in Goodwin-Gil, G.S.; Talmon, S. (eds.), The Reality of International Law: Essays in Honour of Ian Brownlie, New York: Fitzroy Dearborn, Oxford University Press, pp. 95–100, 110–115 "...Declaration was quite widely recognized by states, although often in equivocal terms"
11. United Nations Security Council; United Nations Department of Political and Security Council Affairs (2008). Repertoire of the practice of the Security Council. United Nations Publications. p. 759. ISBN   9789211370300.
12. Reut Institute (14 August 2004). "Act of Recognition of Statehood". Structure of the Political Process. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
13. Taylor & Francis Group (2004). Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. p. 3325. ISBN   978-1-85743-255-8.
14. United Nations General Assembly Session 43 Resolution177. A/RES/43/177 15 December 1988. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
15. Petruf, Pavol. Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992 (in Slovak). p. 127.
16. "فلسطين وموريتانيا". Palestinian Embassy in Mauritania (in Arabic). Retrieved 21 October 2024.
17. Ayalon; Shaked (1990). Middle East Contemporary Survey, Volume Xii, 1988. The Moshe Dayan Center. pp. 465 and 468.
18. "Vietnam-Palestine Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Vietnam (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 6 September 2023.
19. China's Foreign Affairs. World Affairs Press. 2005. p. 557.
20. "Algeria Hosts 1st Palestine Envoy". Los Angeles Times. 18 December 1988. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
21. "Палестина" (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 6 April 2024.
22. Gerhard Von Glahn (1992). Law Among Nations An Introduction to Public International Law. Macmillan Publishing Company. p. 86.
23. News Review on West Asia, 20. Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. 1989. p. 71.
24. News Review on West Asia Volume 20. Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. 1989. p. 57.
25. Foreign Affairs Malaysia, 22–23. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia. 1989. p. 5.
26. Country Report: Togo, Niger, Benin, Burkina (in Spanish). The Unit. 1990. p. 26.
27. Foreign Affairs Pakistan Volume 16. Pakistan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1989. p. 119.
28. Joseph A. Kechichian. "Countries with which Oman has diplomatic relations" (PDF). Oman and the World The emergence of an independent foreign policy. pp. 319–322. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
29. African Defence Journal Issues 101-112. The Journal. 1989. p. 4.
30. African Defence Journal Issues 101-112. The Journal. 1989. p. 34. Rui Gonzalez , Mozambique's Secretary of State for Agricultural and Water Resources , on January 31st officially inaugurated the embassy of the Palestinian state in Maputo .
31. "Sri Lanka has consistently supported to safeguard the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people - Hon. Speaker". 22 April 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
32. African Defence Journal Issues 101-112. The Journal. 1989. p. 17.
33. Chibamba, Abraham (1990). Right is Might. p. 149.
34. Latin American Weekly Report. Latin American Newsletters Limited. 1989. p. 6.
35. "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Ministerul Afacerilor Externe. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
36. Legum, Colin (1988). Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey and Documents, 21. Africana Publishing Company. p. 159.
37. North Korea News, 457–507. 1989. p. 5.
38. Daily Report: East Europe, 65. The Service. 1989. p. 39.
39. Country Report: Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea. 1989. p. 13.
40. The ... Political Risk Yearbook: North & Central America. Frost & Sullivan. 1994. p. 20.
41. Dyplomacja polska w XX wieku. Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. 2006. pp. 126–132.
42. "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
43. Magyar Külpolitikai Évkönyv, 1989 (in Hungarian). 1989. p. 84. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
44. "List of resident ambassadors and high commissioners" (PDF). 2004. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
45. Filasṭīn al-thawrah, 779–781; 783–786 (in Arabic). Munaẓẓamat al-Taḥrīr al-Filasṭīnīyah. 1990. p. 6. ٨٩/١٢/٨ ، حيث قدم السفير الفلسطيني يومها أوراق اعتماده الى الرئيس حبري.
46. "The Philippines and the State of Palestine celebrates 28 years of formal diplomatic relations this year!". 4 September 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
47. "La Gaceta Diario Oficial 11 de Octubre de 1989" (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 3. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
48. Summary of World Broadcasts: The Far East. Part III. 1989. pp. A-17.
49. "Kerja Sama Bilateral" (in Indonesian). Retrieved 7 November 2024.
50. Daily Report: East Europe. Index, 12,Del 1. Newsbank. 1992. p. 11.
51. "Order of precedence of heads of diplomatic missions in India... (1993)" (PDF). p. xii.
52. Marchés coloniaux du monde, 45, 2295–2303 (in French). 1989. p. 3380.
53. Vestnik. USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1990. p. 9.
54. "Konflik Gaza bisa menyebar" (in Indonesian). 12 January 2009. Archived from the original on 21 January 2020.
55. List of Diplomatic, Consular, and Trade Missions and International Organizations. 1993. p. 5.
56. Special Bulletin on the Commemoration of the International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People. 1992. p. 38.
57. "LIST OF MEMBER STATES OF THE UNITED NATIONS (193) HAVING DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH CAMBODIA". mfaic.gov.kh. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
58. Köni, Hasan (1995). The Contribution of Turkey for Reconstruction and Development of Palestine. p. 18.
59. Daily Report, Near East & South Asia, 5 (2). NewsBank. 1993. p. 772.
60. Filasṭīn al-thawrah, 881–889 (in Arabic). Munaẓẓamat al-Taḥrīr al-Filasṭīnīyah. 1992. p. 9. .سفير فلسطين لدى انغولا قدم الاخ امين ابو حصيرة يوم (۲/۲۸) اوراق اعتماده كسفير
61. "LIST OF STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS" (PDF). Retrieved 6 April 2023.
62. "Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
63. "Foreign policy - bilateral relations" . Retrieved 3 August 2022.
64. "STATES WITH WHICH TURKMENISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS". Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
65. Government of Georgia. "Bilateral Relations between Georgia and Palestine". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 18 December 2010. Retrieved 20 November 2010. Relations established 25 April 1992.
66. "Datumi priznanja i uspostave diplomatskih odnosa". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (in Bosnian). 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
67. "Štáty a teritóriá" (in Slovak). Retrieved 26 May 2023.
68. Brunei Darussalam Newsletter - Issues 143-146. Department of Information, Prime Minister's Office. 1994. p. 16.
69. "STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS" . Retrieved 15 June 2023.
70. "Diplomatic relations between State of Palestine and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
71. "Bilateral Relations (country profiles listed alphabetically)" . Retrieved 6 September 2023.
72. The Palestine Yearbook of International Law, 8. Al-Shaybani Society of International Law. 1995. p. 209.
73. "Список стран, с которыми КР установил дипломатические отношения" (in Russian). Retrieved 10 October 2021.
74. "Diplomatic relations between Palestine and Malawi". Arabic News. 23 October 1998. Archived from the original on 9 October 1999. Retrieved 20 December 2011.
75. "Middle East and Africa". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
76. "Palestinian Mission to be Opened in Belarus". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
77. English: East Timor, Protocol of Diplomatic Relations, The Government of the Democratic Republic of Timor, 24 May 2011, retrieved 3 February 2024
78. "Asunción establece relaciones diplomáticas con Palestina" (in Spanish). 26 March 2005. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
79. "Tabela priznanja i uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa". Montenegro Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
80. "السفير الطميزي يقدم أوراق اعتماده لرئيس غينيا" (in Arabic). 11 July 2008. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
81. "Presidente ecuatoriano recibe cartas credenciales de seis embajadores" (in Spanish). 25 November 2008. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
82. Bolivarian Government of Venezuela (27 April 2009). "Venezuela y Palestina establecen relaciones diplomáticas: Comunicado Conjunto Sobre el Establecimiento de Relaciones Diplomáticas entre la República Bolivariana de Venezuela y el Estado de Palestina" (in Spanish). Ministry of Communication and Information. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2010.
83. "لقاء السفير عبد الرحيم الفرا برئيس جمهورية الرأس الأخضر..شاهد الصور" (in Arabic). 4 December 2009. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
84. Palestinian National Authority. السفير عبد الجواد يقدم نسخة من أوراق اعتماده لوزير خارجية مملكة سوازيلاند (in Arabic). Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
85. "Lista del Cuerpo Diplomático, Organismos Internacionales y Cuerpo Consular - Julio 2013" (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 120. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
86. "LISTA DEL CUERPO DIPLOMATICO Y ORGANISMOS INTERNACIONALES 2012" (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 134. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
87. "تعريف". palembassy-lb.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 4 January 2024.
88. "Diplomatic Relations". Archived from the original on 27 September 2018. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
89. "Iceland - Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Government of Iceland. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
90. "Coopération: Présentation de l'exequatur du premier consul honoraire du Royaume de Jordanie en Côte d'Ivoire, SEM Al Anis Marwan Hamdi" (in French). 24 January 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
91. "การสถาปนาความสัมพันธ์ทางการทูตระหว่างราชอาณาจักรไทยกับรัฐปาเลสไตน์ (MFA Thailand in Thai)" . Archived from the original on 26 February 2022.
92. "Bilateral relations". Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
93. "Cyprus Upgrades Palestine's Diplomatic Status to Embassy". 9 February 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
94. "REGISTRO DE FECHAS DE ESTABLECIMIENTO DE RD" (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 March 2022.
95. Wafa News Agency. Honduras, El Salvador Establish Diplomatic Ties with Palestine
96. "Belize establishes diplomatic relations with Indonesia and Palestine". 11 July 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
97. "Palestinian-Swedish Relations". Embassy of the State of Palestine. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
98. "Kiir receives five ambassadors in Juba". 24 January 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
99. "Orden de Precedencia" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 19 December 2019.
100. "Vatican recognizes state of Palestine in new treaty". 13 May 2015. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
101. "Newly accredited Ambassadors present credentials". GoGo Mongolia. 21 April 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
102. "السفير الدجاني يثمن دور مملكة ليسوتو في التضامن مع شعبنا الفلسطيني" (in Arabic). 23 November 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
103. "لسفير ثائر أبوبكر يقدم أوراق إعتماده كسفيرا غير مقيم لدى جمهورية سيراليون : جمهورية سيراليون .فري تاون ". Facebook . 7 December 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
104. "دولة فلسطين ودومينيكا توقعان على إقامة علاقات دبلوماسية" (in Arabic). 18 March 2018. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
105. Alberto Mario Suárez Durán (8 August 2018). "Colombia reconoce a Palestina como Estado" [Colombia recognizes Palestine as a State]. El Tiempo (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 August 2018.
106. "Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores Dirección del Protocolo Precedencias Diplomáticas" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 April 2024.
107. "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
108. "Land Norge har diplomatiske forbindelser med" (in Norwegian). 28 August 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
109. "Republic of Slovenia and State of Palestine establish diplomatic relations". Portal GOV.SI. 5 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
110. "First Palestinian ambassador to Spain submits credentials". Arab News . 16 September 2024. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
111. "Trinidad and Tobago establishes Diplomatic Relations with The State of Palestine". 23 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
112. "Armenia, Palestine sign joint communique on establishing diplomatic relations". Armenpress. 28 September 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
113. "Appointment of first full ambassador from Palestine approved by Government". The Irish Times. 5 November 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
114. Stiftung, Konrad Adenauer (August 2010). "Palestine Liberation Organization (structure)" (PDF). Auslandsbüro Palästinensische Autonomiegebiete. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
115. Brownlie, Ian; Goodwin-Gill, Guy S.; Talmon, Stefan; Jennings, Robert (1999). The reality of international law: essays in honour of Ian Brownlie (Illustrated, reprint ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 121. ISBN   978-0-19-826837-6.: "The PLO, which has been recognized to possess an independent international personality as representative of the Palestinian people, has been delegated the power to act on behalf of the PA in the international arena with regard to specific substantive areas."
116. Talmon, 1998, p. 158, footnote #236: "It is of interest to note that most States that have recognized the 'State of Palestine' after its proclamation on 15 Nov. 1988 have elevated the PLO office in their country to the status of embassy."
117. Government of Ireland. "Press statement on upgrade of relations" (PDF) (Press release). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2011. "The Irish government has upgraded the status of the General Delegation of Palestine in Ireland to the Mission of Palestine, headed by an Ambassador."
118. "WFP/CAMEROON - DROUGHT RELIEF". aad.archives.gov. 30 August 1973. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
119. U.S. Code TITLE 22 - CHAPTER 61 - § 5201. Findings; determinations, Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School. Retrieved 5 December 2006.
120. 22 USC CHAPTER 61 – ANTI-TERRORISM – PLO Archived 28 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine , Office of the Law Revision Counsel (United States). Retrieved 5 December 2006.
121. "FUNDING EVIL, How Terrorism Is Financed – and How to Stop It By Rachel Ehrenfeld" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
122. The Palestinian Diaspora: Formation of Identities and Politics of Homeland, By Helena Lindholm Schulz, Juliane Hammer, Routledge, 2003 p. 81
123. "U.S. upgrades status of Palestinian mission in Washington". Haaretz.com. 22 July 2010. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
124. "International Organizations A - L". worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
125. "The State of Palestine and the Solomon Islands become INTERPOL member countries". www.interpol.int. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
126. "ICC: Palestine is Newest Member | Human Rights Watch". 1 April 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
127. Government of Egypt. "Members, Observers and Guests". Non-Aligned Movement. Archived from the original on 11 November 2010. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
128. "International Organizations N - W". worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 25 November 2012.: "Palestine NAM membership 15 Aug 1976."
129. Arab Inter-parliamentary Union. "General Information about the Arab Inter-parliamentary Union". Archived from the original on 14 October 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2011.:"acceptance of the Palestine National Council as an observer member in the IPU at the Colombo Council in 1975"
130. Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (2010). "ESCWA At a Glance". Archived from the original on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
131. UN Economic; Social Council (22 July 1977). "E/RES/2089 (LXIII). Annual report of the Economic Commission for Western Asia". Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
132. "Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly". Archived from the original on 27 December 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
133. "CHART OF THE STATUS OF NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS" (PDF). nhri.ohchr.org. December 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
134. "Palestinian Territories — Asia Pacific Forum". Asia Pacific Forum. Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
135. Al-Bab (June 2002). "Palestinian Organisations". Arab Gateway. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2011.: "PLO also contains the ...; Palestinian Red Crescent Soc (established Jord 65, part of PLO from 1969)".
136. "List by National Delegation, Associate Members and Observers". Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
137. Inter-Parliamentary Union. "Members of the Union". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
138. Inter-Parliamentary Union. "159th SESSION OF THE INTER-PARLIAMENTARY COUNCIL, Beijing (China), 16 and 21 September 1996". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 25 November 2012.: "communication from the Speaker of the Palestine National Council to the 93rd Conference (April 1995) concerning the situation of Palestine in the IPU".
139. Inter-Parliamentary Union. "160th SESSION OF THE INTER-PARLIAMENTARY COUNCIL, Seoul (Republic of Korea), 10, 12 and 15 April 1997". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
140. Inter-Parliamentary Union. "THE INTER-PARLIAMENTARY COUNCIL DECIDES ON PALESTINE'S AFFILIATION TO THE IPU". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 25 November 2012.: "Palestine National Council...was not created by decision of a Parliament constituted in conformity with the laws of a sovereign State whose population it represents and on whose territory it functions ... does not have legislative power or the right to oversee the action of government."
141. Inter-Parliamentary Union. "163rd SESSION OF THE INTER-PARLIAMENTARY COUNCIL, Moscow (Russian Federation), 7 and 12 September 1998". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
142. Inter-Parliamentary Union. "AMENDMENTS TO THE STATUTES AND RULES OF THE INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION" (PDF). Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 25 November 2011.: "Membership - Article 3, add a new Article 3.1 bis as follows: Ibis. The parliament constituted in conformity with the basic law of a territorial entity whose aspirations and entitlement to statehood are recognized by the United Nations, and which enjoys the status of Permanent Observer to that Organization with substantial additional rights and privileges, may also become a Member of the Inter-Parliamentary Union."
143. Inter-Parliamentary Union. "119th ASSEMBLY OF THE INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION AND RELATED MEETINGS, Geneva, 13-15.10.2008". unispal.un.org. Archived from the original on 16 April 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2011.: "The Governing Council,...conditions laid down in Article 3 of the Statutes...Considering that...United Nations has on numerous occasions recognized the aspirations and entitlement to statehood of Palestine...Palestine enjoys the status of Permanent Observer to the United Nations...Considering also that the current situation on the Palestinian territories impedes the functioning of the Palestinian Legislative Council and that its participation in the work of the Inter-Parliamentary Union may therefore, for the time being, be facilitated by the Palestine National Council...Decides to admit the Parliament of Palestine as a Member of the Inter-Parliamentary Union...Annuls...the decisions...at its 117th and 163rd sessions regarding the participation of Palestine as an observer"
144. Secretariat, Asian Parliamentary Assembly. "Asian Parliamentary Assembly member parliaments". Asian Parliamentary Assembly. Archived from the original on 1 December 2010. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
145. The Group of 77 (2010). "Member States of the Group of 77" . Retrieved 5 December 2010.
146. International Trade Union Confederation (2010). "ITUC affiliates" . Retrieved 5 December 2010.
147. Airports Council International. "Airports Council International membership". Archived from the original on 7 April 2010. Retrieved 20 March 2011.:"Palestinian Civil Aviation Authority, Yasser Arafat International Airport ..., Gaza, Palestinian Authority".
148. "AFI Members". AFI Global - Bringing smart policies to life. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
149. United Nations Educational, Scientific; Cultural Organization, Executive Board (12 May 1989). "Hundred and thirty-first Session: Item 9.4 of the provisional agenda, Request for the Admission of the State of Palestine to UNESCO as a Member State" (PDF). United Nations. pp. 18, Annex II. Retrieved 15 November 2010. The list contains 92 entries, including a number of states which no longer exist.
150. Tom Perry (10 October 2011). "Palestinians to push heritage agenda at UNESCO". NewsDaily. Retrieved 1 November 2011.^{[ permanent dead link ]}:"The Palestinians have had observer status at UNESCO since 1974."
151. UNESCO. "General Conference admits Palestine as UNESCO Member State" . Retrieved 1 November 2011.
152. United Nations Educational, Scientific; Cultural Organization. "Arab States: Palestine". United Nations. Retrieved 3 December 2011.
153. "IBAN registry - This registry provides detailed information about all ISO 13616-compliant national IBAN formats - Release 39 – October 2012" (PDF). SWIFT. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
154. http://www.wafainfo.ps/atemplate.aspx?id=2617 Archived 28 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine (in Arabic)^{[ dead link ]}
155. Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations. "Status of Palestine at the United Nations". United Nations. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2010.: "On 2 April 1986, the Asian Group of the U.N. decided to accept the PLO as a full member."
156. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (2002). "Government structures". United Nations. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 5 December 2010.: "At present, the PLO is a full member of the Asian Group of the United Nations".
157. United Nations General Assembly Resolution 52/250: Participation of Palestine in the work of the United Nations Archived 22 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine (1998): "Palestine enjoys full membership in the Group of Asian States".
158. Palestine/PLO (being a GA observer only) is not included in the list of "Members of the General Assembly, arranged in current regional groups" Archived 6 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine . Further, a recent document of UN-HABITAT, which classifies countries by explicit lists according to the "United Nations Regional Groups" (see: "UN-HABITAT's Global Report on Human Settlements" Archived 15 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine (2007), pp. 329-330), along with a more recent document of UN-AIDS - which classifies countries by explicit lists according to the "Regional Groups that are used by the UN General Assembly, ECOSOC, and its subsidiary bodies" (see: UNAIDS, The Governance Handbook Archived 9 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine (2010), pp. 28-29), do not include Palestine/PLO in any Regional Group, but instead write: "the General Assembly conferred upon Palestine, in its capacity as observer, additional rights and privileges of participation. These included the right to participation in the general debate of the General Assembly, but did not include the rights to vote or put forward candidates" (see: UN-HABITAT's Global Report on Human Settlements, p. 335, 2nd footnote; UNAIDS, The Governance Handbook, p. 29, 4th footnote).
159. Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations Archived 31 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine : "since ... Vote in the United Nations General Assembly which accorded to Palestine Observer State Status, the official title of the Palestine mission has been changed to The Permanent Observer Mission of the State of Palestine to the United Nations."
160. "A/67/L.28 of 26 November 2012 and A/RES/67/19 of 29 November 2012". Unispal.un.org. Archived from the original on 10 December 2012. Retrieved 2 December 2012.: "the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization, in accordance with a decision by the Palestine National Council, is entrusted with the powers and responsibilities of the Provisional Government of the State of Palestine."
161. Sayigh, Yezid (1999). Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993 (illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 624. ISBN   9780198296430. "The Palestinian National Council also empowered the central council to form a government-in-exile when appropriate, and the executive committee to perform the functions of government until such time as a government-in-exile was established."
162. World Health Organization (19 May 2000). "Fourth report of Committee B (Draft)" (PDF). Fifty-Third World Health Assembly. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
163. International Telecommunication Union (20 October 2010). "Palestine ITU status". Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
164. International Telecommunication Union (1998). "RESOLUTION 99 (Minneapolis, 1998) - Status of Palestine in ITU" . Retrieved 25 November 2012.
165. World Tourism Organization. "Observers pursuant to General Assembly resolution". Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
166. "ISO members". Iso.org. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
167. Maintenance Agency for ISO 3166 country codes (2010). "English country names and code elements". International Organization for Standardization. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
168. International Organization for Standardization (2010). "Palestine Standards Institution" . Retrieved 5 December 2010.
169. Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations. "Palestinian Authority Agencies and Organizations". Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
170. World Intellectual Property Organization (23 March 2010). "List of Observers" . Retrieved 5 December 2010.
171. World Intellectual Property Organization. "Forty-First Series of Meetings, Geneva, September 26 to October 5, 2005" (PDF). Retrieved 25 November 2012.
172. Energy Charter Secretariat. "Energy Charter" . Retrieved 2 March 2011.:"The Palestinian National Authority became an Observer on 28 November 2008".
173. International Electrotechnical Commission. "IEC Affiliates" . Retrieved 1 April 2012.
174. International Electrotechnical Commission. "Palestine Standards Institution" . Retrieved 1 April 2012.
175. "Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly". Archived from the original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
176. El-Abed, Oroub (2009). Unprotected: Palestinian in Egypt since 1948. Institute for Palestine Studies, International Development Research Centre. p. xix. ISBN   978-1-55250-443-7.
177. Dasgupta, Punyapriya (1988). Cheated by the world: the Palestinian experience. New Delhi: Orient Longman Limited. p. 161. ISBN   0-86131-827-7.^{[ permanent dead link ]}
178. Shemesh, Moshe (2008). Arab politics, Palestinian nationalism and the Six Day War. Sussex Academic Press. p. xvi. ISBN   978-1-84519-188-7.
179. Sela, Avraham. "Arab Summit Conferences." The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East. Ed. Sela. New York: Continuum, 2002. pp. 158-160
180. "Charter of Arab League". Arab League - جامعة الدول العربية. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
181. Organisation of the Islamic Conference (25 September 1969). "First Islamic Summit Conference". Archived from the original on 14 October 2006. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
182. "OIC Member States". Permanent Mission of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference to the United Nations Offices in Geneva and Vienna. Archived from the original on 11 March 2009. Retrieved 30 December 2009.
183. Taylor & Francis group and Lucy Dean, 2003, p. 1328.
184. "Status of Palestine at the United Nations". Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations – New York. Archived from the original on 11 July 2009. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
185. United Nations; General Assembly (15 December 1988). "43/177: Question of Palestine". United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine. Archived from the original on 1 November 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
186. Hillier, Tim (1998). Sourcebook on public international law. Routledge. pp. 128, 218. ISBN   978-1-85941-050-9.
187. Mango, Anthony; Osmańczyk, Edmund (2003). Encyclopedia of the United Nations and international agreements. Vol. 4. Routledge. p. 1741. ISBN   978-0-415-93924-9.
188. United Nations General Assembly Session 52 Resolution250. A/RES/52/250 July 1998. Retrieved 21 September 2010.
189. Silverburg, Stanford R. (2002). Palestine and international law: essays on politics and economics. McFarland. p. 292. ISBN   978-0-7864-1191-7.
190. "Palestine to seek UN non-Member State status, Abbas tells General Assembly debate". UN News Centre. 27 September 2012.
191. MacAskill, Ewen (29 November 2012). "UN appears set to upgrade Palestine status in face of US-Israeli opposition". Guardian. London. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
192. "Israel defies UN after vote on Palestine with plans for 3,000 new homes in the West Bank". The Independent. 1 December 2012.
193. "State Of Palestine: Palestinians Change Name, Won't Rush To Issue New Passports". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
194. "Palestine threatens to sue Israel at ICC". 30 January 2013. Archived from the original on 18 April 2013. Retrieved 10 February 2013.
195. "United Nations". Archived from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
196. Inside Story. "Palestine: What is in a name (change)?". Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
197. "Palestinian Authority officially changes name to 'State of Palestine'". Haaretz.com. 5 January 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
198. Gharib, Ali (20 December 2012). "U.N. Adds New Name: "State of Palestine"". The Daily Beast . Retrieved 10 January 2013.
199. "State of Palestine | International Criminal Court". asp.icc-cpi.int. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
200. "International arenas are routinely hijacked for political purposes, but today's decision was markedly different," said Anne Herzberg, legal adviser for NGO Monitor. International Criminal Court prosecutor rejects Palestinian attempt to recognize jurisdiction ^{[ dead link ]}
201. ABC News. "International News - World News - ABC News". ABC News. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
202. "ICC: No Cast Lead probe as Palestinian Authority not a state - Diplomacy & Politics - Jerusalem Post". The Jerusalem Post - JPost.com. Archived from the original on 31 October 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
203. Quigley, John (2009). "The Palestine Declaration to the International Criminal Court: The Statehood Issue" (PDF). Rutgers Law Record. 35. Newark: Rutgers School of Law. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
204. "International Olympic Committee - PALESTINE".
205. "Palestine". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
206. "FIFA". www.fifa.com. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
207. "INVITATION TO THE PALESTINE LIBERATION ORGANIZATION TO ATTEND THE SESSIONS OF THE GENERAL CONFERENCE IN THE CAPACITY OF AN OBSERVER" (PDF). International Atomic Energy Agency. 24 September 1976. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
208. "PARTICIPATION OF PALESTINE IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE IAEA" (PDF). International Atomic Energy Agency. 29 September 1989. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
209. "Status of Palestine in the IAEA" (PDF). International Atomic Energy Agency. 28 September 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
210. Quigley, 1990, p. 231.
211. "Palestine News & Info Agency - WAFA - Palestine to Apply for Full Membership in WHO, Says Minister of Health". Archived from the original on 11 July 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
212. Staff writers (4 November 2011). "Al-Malki: Palestine will not apply to other UN bodies". Ma'an News Agency. Archived from the original on 12 November 2011. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
213. "World Trade Organization (WTO) - Ministerial Conference - Twelfth Session" (PDF).
214. Council of the European Union. "Euro-Mediterranean Interim Association Agreement on Trade and Cooperation between the European Community, of the one part, and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) for the benefit of the Palestinian Authority of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, of the other part" . Retrieved 19 March 2011.^{[ permanent dead link ]}
215. EFTA Secretariat. "Interim Agreement between the EFTA States and the PLO for the benefit of the Palestinian Authority" . Retrieved 19 March 2011.
216. "Palestinian Authority" . Retrieved 21 February 2015.
217. EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS (IIAS) IN THE MENA REGION
218. "الرئيسية" (PDF). Retrieved 21 February 2015.^{[ permanent dead link ]}
219. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. "Interim Free Trade Agreement between Turkey the Palestine Liberaltion Organization for the Benefit of the Palestinian Authority". Archived from the original on 24 September 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
220. "WTO - Regional trade agreements".
221. "Mercosur signs free trade agreement with Palestinian Authority". MercoPress. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
222. "Jordan, Palestine Sign Free Trade Agreement" . Retrieved 21 February 2015.
223. United Nations (2010). "Historical Information". Office of Legal Affairs; United Nations Publications. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
224. United Nations (2010). "Agreement on International Roads in the Arab Mashreq". Office of Legal Affairs; United Nations Publications. Archived from the original on 27 March 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
225. United Nations (2010). "Agreement on International Railways in the Arab Mashreq". Office of Legal Affairs; United Nations Publications. Archived from the original on 27 March 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
226. United Nations (2010). "Memorandum of Understanding on Maritime Transport Cooperation in the Arab Mashreq". Office of Legal Affairs; United Nations Publications. Archived from the original on 27 March 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2011.

Bibliography

• Fowler, Michael; Bunck, Julie Marie (1995). Law, Power, and the Sovereign State: The Evolution and Application of the Concept of Sovereignty. Penn State Press. ISBN   0-271-01471-7.
• Hirschberger, Bernd (2021). External Communication in Social Media During Asymmetric Conflicts A Theoretical Model and Empirical Case Study of the Conflict in Israel and Palestine. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag. ISBN   978-3-8394-5509-8 . Retrieved 11 October 2021.
• Quigley, John (1990). Palestine and Israel: A Challenge to Justice . Duke University Press. ISBN   0-8223-1023-6.
• Takkenberg, Alex (1998). The Status of Palestinian Refugees in International Law (Illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN   0-19-826590-5.
• Talmon, Stefan (1998). Recognition of Governments in International Law: With Particular Reference to Governments in Exile (Illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN   0-19-826573-5.

External links

• Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archived 5 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine
• EU Neighbourhood Info Centre: Country profile of Palestine