International recognition of Israel

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State of Israel

Countries that recognize Israel

Countries that have withdrawn their recognition of Israel

Countries that have suspended/cut bilateral ties with Israel

Countries that have never recognized Israel Countries recognizing Israel.svg
  State of Israel
  Countries that recognize Israel
  Countries that have withdrawn their recognition of Israel
  Countries that have suspended/cut bilateral ties with Israel
  Countries that have never recognized Israel

As of June 2024, the State of Israel is recognized as a sovereign state by 164 of the 192 member states of the United Nations. The State of Israel was formally established by the Israeli Declaration of Independence on 14 May 1948, and was admitted to the United Nations (UN) as a full member state on 11 May 1949. [1] [2] It also maintains bilateral ties with all of the UNSC Permanent Five. 28 [lower-alpha 1] member states have either never recognized Israel or have withdrawn their recognition; others have severed diplomatic relations without explicitly withdrawing their recognition. Additionally, many non-recognizing countries have challenged Israel's existence—predominantly those in the Muslim world—due to significant animosity stemming from the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the Arab–Israeli conflict. [3]

Contents

History

On 14 May 1948, the Israeli Declaration of Independence [4] formally established a Jewish state in part of the former British Mandate of Palestine, in accordance with the United Nations Partition Plan. The Arab League was opposed to any partition and to the establishment of Israel, and an Arab coalition jointly invaded the territory of the newly formed country one day after its independence, sparking the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

Following Israel's establishment, the Israeli provisional government was established to govern the Yishuv; and while military operations were still in progress, it was promptly granted de facto recognition by the United States, [5] [6] followed by Iran (which had voted against the Partition Plan), Guatemala, Iceland, Nicaragua, Romania, and Uruguay. The Soviet Union was the first country to grant de jure recognition to Israel on 17 May 1948, [7] followed by Nicaragua, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Poland. [8] The United States extended de jure recognition after the first Israeli election, [9] on 31 January 1949. [10]

By the late 1960s, Israel had established diplomatic relations with almost all of the countries of Western Europe, North America, South America, and Sub-Saharan Africa combined.

To put additional diplomatic, economic, and military pressure on Israel in the wake of the 1967 Arab–Israeli War, oil-producing Arab countries imposed an oil embargo on countries that had bilateral relations with Israel. As a result, many African and Asian countries broke off their ties with Israel. The Soviet Union also shifted its support in favour of the Arab cause against Israel during this time, leading most countries of the Eastern Bloc to sever diplomatic ties in 1967; these included the Soviet Union itself, as well as Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Bulgaria. Other countries in the Soviet sphere of influence, such as the People's Republic of China and Mongolia, also did not establish relations with Israel. Diplomatic relations with these countries were restored or established following the collapse of the Soviet Union, and new countries that had gained independence after the Soviet Union's dissolution also recognised Israel in their own right.

On 1 September 1967, the then-eight members of the Arab League issued the Khartoum Resolution, which included three pledges that forbade recognition, peace, and negotiations with Israel. However, Egypt, Jordan, and Mauritania gradually recognized Israel, though Mauritania broke off ties and withdrew recognition in 2010. As part of the 2020 Abraham Accords, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Sudan, and Morocco all established normalized bilateral ties with Israel. [11] [12] Pressure was again exerted by the Arab League after the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, which led Cuba, Mali, and the Maldives to break off ties with Israel. Niger severed bilateral ties with Israel during the Second Intifada, and Venezuela broke off ties after the 2008–2009 Gaza War.

Following Israel's recognition of and entering into negotiations with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), many African, Asian, and Arab countries either restored or established diplomatic relations with Israel. The Vatican began a bilateral relationship with Israel in 1994. Some[ which? ] countries broke or suspended relations during the 2006 Lebanon War and after the blockade of the Gaza Strip.[ citation needed ] Although Guinea broke diplomatic ties with Israel in 1967, Israel's extensive support for Guinea during its fight against an Ebola virus epidemic led to the re-establishment of bilateral relations in 2016. [13] Nicaragua restored relations in March 2017; Chad did likewise in January 2019. [14] The most recent country to establish diplomatic relations with Israel was Bhutan, on 12 December 2020. [15]

United Nations membership

On 15 May 1948, one day after its independence, Israel applied for membership with the United Nations (UN), but the application was not acted on by the Security Council. Israel's second application was rejected by the Security Council on 17 December 1948 by a 5-to-1 vote, with 5 abstentions. Syria was the sole negative vote; the United States, Argentina, Colombia, the Soviet Union, and the Ukrainian SSR voted in favour; and Belgium, the United Kingdom, Canada, China, and France abstained.

Israel's application was renewed in 1949 after the first Israeli election. By Security Council Resolution 69 on 4 March 1949, the UN Security Council voted 9-to-1 in favour of Israeli membership, with Egypt voting against and the United Kingdom abstaining. [16] Those voting in favour were China, France, the United States, the Soviet Union, Argentina, Canada, Cuba, Norway, and the Ukrainian SSR.

On 11 May 1949, the UN General Assembly, by the requisite two-thirds majority of its then-58 members, approved the application to admit Israel to the UN by General Assembly Resolution 273. [17] [18] The vote in the General Assembly was 37 to 12, with 9 abstentions. Those that voted in favour of Israel were: Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, the Byelorussian SSR, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, France, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, Liberia, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, the Ukrainian SSR, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Yugoslavia. Those that voted against were six of the then-seven members of the Arab League (Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Yemen) as well as Afghanistan, Burma, Ethiopia, India, Iran, and Pakistan. Those abstaining were: Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, El Salvador, Greece, Siam, Sweden, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. [19] Many of the countries that voted in favour or had abstained had already recognized Israel before the UN vote, at least on a de facto basis. Of these countries, Cuba and Venezuela have since withdrawn recognition.

Present situation

Legend:
Israel
Countries that reject passports from Israel
Countries that reject passports from Israel and any other passport that contains Israeli stamps or visas Countries that reject Israeli passports.png
Legend:
  Israel
  Countries that reject passports from Israel
  Countries that reject passports from Israel and any other passport that contains Israeli stamps or visas

As of December 2020, 165 of the 193 total member states of the United Nations (UN) recognize Israel. 28 UN member states do not recognize Israel: 15 members of the Arab League (Algeria, Comoros, Djibouti, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Syria, Tunisia, and Yemen); ten non-Arab members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Brunei, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Niger, and Pakistan); and Cuba, North Korea, and Venezuela. [20] In 2002, the Arab League proposed the recognition of Israel by Arab countries as a pathway towards a resolution of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict under the Arab Peace Initiative. Following the Abraham Accords, which were signed in September 2020 between Israel and the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, the Palestinian National Authority condemned any Arab agreement with Israel as dishonourable, describing them as a betrayal to the Palestinian cause and a blow to their quest for an independent Palestinian state. [21]

The passports of some countries are not valid for travel to Israel, including Bangladesh, Brunei, Iran, Iraq, and Pakistan. Thirteen countries do not accept Israeli passports: Algeria, Bangladesh, Brunei, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Yemen. [22] Some of these countries also do not accept passports of other countries whose holder has an Israeli visa or stamp on it. The stamp may be a visa stamp, or a stamp on entry or departure. Because of these issues, Israeli immigration controls do not stamp passports with an entry visa, instead stamping on a separate insert which is discarded on departure. However, a stamp of another country which indicates that the person has entered Israel may frustrate that effort. For example, if an Egyptian departure stamp is used in any passport at the Taba Border Crossing, that is an indication that the person entered Israel, and a similar situation arises for land crossings into Jordan. Some countries also ban direct flights and overflights to and from Israel. [23] In August 2020, the United Arab Emirates permitted direct flights from Israel, and Saudi Arabia and Bahrain authorized overflights for such flights. [24] On 8 October 2020, Israel and Jordan reached an agreement to allow flights to cross over both countries' airspace. [25]

List by country

Legend:[ inconsistent ][ dubious discuss ]

States that have never formally recognized Israel and are in a state of war with Israel
States that have never formally recognized Israel
States that have withdrawn recognition from, cut, or suspended relations with Israel and are in a state of war with Israel
States that have withdrawn recognition from, cut, or suspended relations with Israel
States that recognize Israel

UN member states

StateDate of de facto recognitionDate of de jure recognitionNotes
Flag of the Taliban.svg  Afghanistan [26] Does not accept Israeli passports.
1Flag of Albania.svg  Albania 16 April 1949 [27] Diplomatic relations established on 20 August 1991. [28]
Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria [29] [30] Does not accept Israeli passports. [22]
2Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra 13 April 1994 [31]
3Flag of Angola.svg  Angola 16 April 1992 [32] Date diplomatic relations established
4Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg  Antigua and Barbuda 22 June 1983 [33] Date diplomatic relations established
5Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 14 February 1949 [34]
6Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia 4 April 1992 [35] Date diplomatic relations established
7Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 29 January 1949 [36]
8Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 15 March 1949 [37] 8 May 1956Date diplomatic relations established. Prior to that, the two countries had maintained consular relations since 1950. Legations were upgraded to embassy status in 1959. [38]
9Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan 7 April 1992 [39] Date diplomatic relations established.
10Flag of the Bahamas.svg  Bahamas [ when? ][ when? ]
11Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain 11 September 2020 [40] 15 September 2020 [41] On 15 September 2020, an agreement was signed to normalize relations. [40]
Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh [42] [43] Does not accept Israeli passports, and Bangladeshi passports are not valid for travel to Israel. [22]
12Flag of Barbados.svg  Barbados 29 August 1967 [44] Date diplomatic relations established
13Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus 11 May 1949 [45] 26 May 1992 [46] Date diplomatic relations established
14Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 15 January 1950 [47]
15Flag of Belize.svg  Belize 6 September 1984 [48] Date diplomatic relations established. Relations severed in 2023 during the Israel–Hamas war. [49]
16Flag of Benin.svg  Benin 5 December 1961 [50] Date diplomatic relations established. Relations severed in October 1973, and resumed in July 1992. [51] [52]
17Flag of Bhutan.svg  Bhutan [20] 12 December 2020 [53] Date diplomatic relations established
18Flag of Bolivia.svg  Bolivia 22 February 1949 [54] 24 February 1949 [55] Relations severed in January 2009, [56] and restored in November 2019. [57] Relations severed in 2023 during the Israel–Hamas war. [58]
19Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina 26 September 1997 [59] Date diplomatic relations established
20Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana [ when? ][ when? ]After the war in 1973, Botswana was one of the only countries in Africa that did not break off relations with Israel. [60]
21Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 7 February 1949 [61]
Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei [20] Does not accept Israeli passports, and Brunei passports are not valid for travel to Israel [22]
22Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 4 December 1948Relations severed on 10 June 1967, and restored on 3 May 1990. [62]
23Flag of Burkina Faso.svg  Burkina Faso 5 July 1961 [50] Date diplomatic relations established. Relations severed in October 1973, and re-established in October 1993. [51] [52] [63]
24Flag of Burundi.svg  Burundi [ when? ][ when? ]Relations severed in May 1973, [52] and restored in March 1995.
25Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia 30 August 1960Date diplomatic relations established. Cambodia broke off relations in 1975; they were restored on 5 October 1993. [64] [65]
26Flag of Cameroon.svg  Cameroon 15 September 1960 [66] Date diplomatic relations established. Relations severed in October 1973 and restored in August 1986. [52] [67]
27Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 11 May 1949 [45] [68]
28Flag of Cape Verde.svg  Cape Verde 17 July 1994 [69] Date diplomatic relations established
29Flag of the Central African Republic.svg  Central African Republic [ when? ][ when? ]Relations were broken in October 1973, [52] were resumed in January 1991.
30Flag of Chad.svg  Chad 10 January 1961Relations were established in 1961, but severed on 28 November 1972. [52] [70] In 2005, reports emerged of a mutual intention to renew diplomatic relations. [71] Relations restored on 20 January 2019. [14]
31Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 11 May 1949 [72]
32Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 24 January 1992The Republic of China granted de jure recognition to Israel on 1 March 1949. [54] The two states maintained diplomatic relations until Israel's recognition of the People's Republic of China on 8 January 1950. The PRC, however, did not formally reciprocate until the eventual establishment of diplomatic relations in 1992. [73]
33Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 1 February 1949 [54] On 2 May 2024, president Gustavo Petro announced Colombia would break diplomatic ties with Israel, describing Israel's siege of Gaza as a "genocide". [74]
Flag of the Comoros.svg  Comoros [20]
34Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica 19 June 1948 [75]
35Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 4 September 1997 [76] Date diplomatic relations established
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 14 January 194918 April 1949 [77] Cuba severed relations in September 1973, [78] and the most recent government does not recognize it. [79]
36Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus 21 January 1961Date diplomatic relations established. They had been agreed to on 17 August 1960, but final establishment was postponed due to pressure from Arab nations. [80]
37Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 18 May 1948 [81] Recognition extended under Czechoslovakia. Relations under Czechoslovakia were severed between June 1967 and February 1990. Diplomatic relations with the Czech Republic were established 1 January 1993. [82]
38Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Democratic Republic of the Congo 26 June 1960Date diplomatic relations established. Ties severed on 4 October 1973, and restored on 13 May 1982. [52] [83]
39Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 2 February 1949 [54] 12 July 1950 [84]
Flag of Djibouti.svg  Djibouti [20]
40Flag of Dominica.svg  Dominica January 1978 [82] Date diplomatic relations established
41Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic 29 December 1948 [85]
42Flag of East Timor.svg  East Timor [86] 29 August 2002
43Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador 2 February 1949 [54]
44Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 19 November 1977 [87] 26 March 1979 [88] Signatory to the Khartoum Resolution. [30] Later became the first Arab state to recognize Israel, with the Egypt–Israel peace treaty.
45Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador 11 September 1948 [89]
46Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg  Equatorial Guinea [ when? ][ when? ]Relations severed in October 1973, [52] and resumed in January 1994. [90]
47Flag of Eritrea.svg  Eritrea 6 May 1993 [65] [91] Date diplomatic relations established
48Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 9 January 1992 [92] Date diplomatic relations established
49Flag of Eswatini.svg  Eswatini September 1968 [82]
50Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia 24 October 1961 [93] Prior to de jure recognition, Ethiopia maintained consular relations with Israel since 1956. Relations were broken in October 1973, [52] and resumed in November 1989.
51Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg  Federated States of Micronesia [94] 23 November 1988Date diplomatic relations established
52Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji August 1970 [82] Date diplomatic relations established
53Flag of Finland.svg  Finland [95] 11 June 1948 [96] 18 March 1949
54Flag of France.svg  France 24 January 1949 [97]
55Flag of Gabon.svg  Gabon [64] 29 September 1993 [98] Relations severed in October 1973, [52] and resumed in September 1993.
56Flag of The Gambia.svg  Gambia [ when? ]Relations broken in October 1973, [52] and resumed in September 1992
57Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 1 June 1992 [99] Date diplomatic relations established
58Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 10 September 1952 (West Germany before 3 October 1990) [100] 12 May 1965 [101] Date diplomatic relations established. Prior to this, Germany signed the Reparations agreement with Israel. East Germany never had diplomatic relations with Israel during its existence.
59Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana [ when? ]Relations broken in October 1973, [52] and resumed in August 1994
60Flag of Greece.svg  Greece [93] 15 March 194921 May 1990 [102] Date diplomatic relations established
61Flag of Grenada.svg  Grenada January 1975 [82] Date diplomatic relations established
62Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala 19 May 1948 [81]
63Flag of Guinea.svg  Guinea [ when? ]Broke diplomatic relations with Israel on 12 June 1967, [52] and restored relations on July 20, 2016. [13]
64Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg  Guinea-Bissau March 1994 [82] Date diplomatic relations established
65Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana [ when? ]Broke off relations in March 1974, restored in March 1992.
66Flag of Haiti.svg  Haiti 26 February 1949 [54] January 1950 [82] Date diplomatic relations established
67Flag of Honduras.svg  Honduras [85] [103] 11 September 19488 November 1948 [98]
68Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary [104] 24 May 19481 June 1948 [96] Relations broken in 1967, and restored on 19 September 1989. [105]
69Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 11 February 1949 [54] [ when? ]
70Flag of India.svg  India 17 September 1950 [106]
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia [43] Can[ who? ] only travel to Indonesia with an invitation from the Department of Immigration of Indonesia. Can only enter Indonesia through airports in Denpasar, Jakarta and Surabaya. [22]
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran [107] 6 March 1950 [107] [107] Voted against UN Partition Plan and voted against admission of Israel to membership of UN. Iranian government refrained from recognizing Israel de jure despite de facto recognition. [107] Relations severed on 18 February 1979. [108] Does not accept Israeli passports, [22] and the holders of Iranian passports are "not entitled to travel to the occupied Palestine" [109]
Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq [110] Does not accept Israeli passports, except for Iraqi Kurdistan where visa is required for passengers without a signed and stamped letter issued by the Ministry of Interior of the Kurdistan Regional Government if arriving at Erbil (EBL) and Sulaymaniyah (ISU). [22] Iraqi passports are not valid for travel to Israel. [111]
71Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland [112] 12 February 1949May 1963 [112]
72Flag of Italy.svg  Italy [54] 8 February 194919 January 1950
73Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Ivory Coast 15 February 196124 May 1961 [50] Date diplomatic relations established. Prior to this date, it had maintained trade relations since 15 February 1961. Relations severed in November 1973, and resumed in February 1986. [51] [52]
74Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica [98] January 1962
75Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 15 May 1952 [113]
76Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan 26 October 1994 [114] Signatory to the Khartoum Resolution. [30] Recognized Israel in the Israel–Jordan peace treaty.
77Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 10 April 1992 [115] Date diplomatic relations established
78Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya December 1963 [98] [116] Severed relation in November 1973, [52] resumed in December 1988.
79Flag of Kiribati.svg  Kiribati 21 May 1984 [117] Date diplomatic relations established
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait [30] Does not accept Israeli passports. [22]
80Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg  Kyrgyzstan March 1992 [98]
81Flag of Laos.svg  Laos February 1957Date diplomatic relations established. Laos broke off relations in 1973, and restored them on 6 December 1993. [118]
82Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 6 January 1992 [119] Date diplomatic relations established
Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon [30] Does not accept Israeli passports. Holders of passports containing any Israeli visa or stamp will be refused entry. [22]
83Flag of Lesotho.svg  Lesotho [ when? ]
84Flag of Liberia 23px.svg  Liberia 11 February 1949 [104] [ when? ]Relations severed in November 1973, and resumed in August 1983. [51] [52]
Flag of Libya.svg  Libya [30] Does not accept Israeli passports. [22]
85Flag of Liechtenstein.svg  Liechtenstein January 1992 [98]
86Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 8 January 1992 [120] Date diplomatic relations established
87Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 11 May 1949 [45] 16 January 1950 [121]
88Flag of Madagascar.svg  Madagascar [ when? ]Relations broken in October 1973, [52] and resumed in January 1994.
89Flag of Malawi.svg  Malawi July 1964 [82] Date diplomatic relations established
Flag of Malaysia 23px.svg  Malaysia [43] Does not admit Israeli passport holders without written permission from the government. Malaysian passports not valid for travel to Israel without permission from the government. [122]
Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives 29 October 1965 [123] Diplomatic relations suspended in 1974. [124] Cooperation agreements in 2009 did not develop into full diplomatic relations [125] [126] [127] and were terminated in 2014. [128]
Flag of Mali.svg  Mali [20] [ when? ]Diplomatic relations severed 5 January 1973. [52]
90Flag of Malta.svg  Malta January 1965 [98] December 1965 [82] Date diplomatic relations established
91Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg  Marshall Islands 16 September 1987 [129]
Flag of Mauritania.svg  Mauritania 28 October 1999 [130] Diplomatic relations suspended 6 March 2009, [131] severed 21 March 2010. [132]
92Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius [64] [ when? ]Diplomatic relations severed July 1976, restored September 1993.
93Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 11 May 1949 [45] 4 April 1952 [133]
94Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova [134] 22 June 1992
95Flag of Monaco.svg  Monaco January 1964 [82]
96Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia [135] 2 October 1991
97Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro [136] 12 July 2006
98Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco [20] [30] 1 September 1994 [137] 10 December 2020Closed Israeli office and suspended relations in October 2000. [138] On 10 December 2020, an agreement was announced to normalize relations. [139]
99Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique [64] [65] 23 July 1993
100Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar [140] 13 July 1953Date full diplomatic relations established
101Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia [65] [141] 11 February 1994
102Flag of Nauru.svg  Nauru [82] December 1994
103Flag of Nepal.svg  Nepal [142] 1 June 1960Date diplomatic relations established. First South Asian nation to establish diplomatic ties with Israel.
104Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 11 May 1949 [45] 16 January 1950 [121]
105Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 29 January 1949 [54] 28 July 1950 [143]
106Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua 18 May 1948 [85] Diplomatic relations suspended June 2010 and restored in March 2017. [144]
Flag of Niger.svg  Niger [20] Relations severed on 4 January 1973. [50] [52]
107Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria [145] 1960[ when? ]Relations broken in October 1973, [52] were resumed in May 1992.
Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea [146] North Korea and Israel held talks in 1993, but the talks were halted under pressure from the United States. [147] See Israel–North Korea relations for more details.
108Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia 7 December 1995 [82] Date diplomatic relations established
109Flag of Norway.svg  Norway [ when? ]4 February 1949Date Norway recognized Israel
Flag of Oman.svg  Oman January 1996 [138] A degree of relations established in January 1996. Closed Israeli office and suspended relations in October 2000. [138] Accepts Israeli passports for transit only, does not accept for admission. [22]
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan [148] Does not accept Israeli passports, and Pakistani passports are not valid for travel to Israel. [22]
110Flag of Palau.svg  Palau [64] [65] 2 October 1994
111Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 19 June 1948 [75]
112Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea 1978 [149]
113Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay 6 September 1948 [85] 7 September 1948 [150]
114Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 9 February 1949 [54]
115Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 11 May 1949 [45] 13 May 1957 [151]
116Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 18 May 1948 [81] Relations were broken in 1967, restored in February 1990. [152]
117Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal [153] 12 May 1977[ when? ]
Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar [20] April 1996 [82] In April 1996, Qatar and Israel agreed to exchange trade representation offices. [154] Trade offices closed in February 2009. [82]
Israeli-issued passports are not allowed in Qatar, except during the 2022 FIFA World Cup. [155] [156] [lower-alpha 2]
118Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Republic of the Congo 9 November 1960Date diplomatic relations established. Broke relations on 31 December 1972, resumed in August 1991.
119Flag of Romania.svg  Romania [158] 11 June 194812 June 1948 [96]
120Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 17 May 1948 [81] [159] [160] Recognition extended as the Soviet Union. Relations broken in 1967, restored on 19 October 1991. [161]
121Flag of Rwanda.svg  Rwanda [ when? ]Relations severed in October 1973, [52] and restored in October 1994.
122Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg  Saint Kitts and Nevis January 1984 [82] Date diplomatic relations established
123Flag of Saint Lucia.svg  Saint Lucia January 1979 [82] Date diplomatic relations established
124Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines January 1981 [82] Date diplomatic relations established
125Flag of Samoa.svg  Samoa June 1977 [82] Date diplomatic relations established
126Flag of San Marino.svg  San Marino [162] 1 March 1995
127Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg  São Tomé and Príncipe November 1993 [82] Date diplomatic relations established
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia [30] [163] Does not accept Israeli passports. [22]
128Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal 1960 [98] Relations broken in October 1973, [52] and resumed in August 1994.
129Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 31 January 1992Date diplomatic relations established [164]
130Flag of Seychelles.svg  Seychelles September 1992 [82] Date diplomatic relations established
131Flag of Sierra Leone.svg  Sierra Leone [ when? ]Relations broken in October 1973, [52] and resumed in May 1992.
132Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore [165] 11 May 1969Date diplomatic relations established
133Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 18 May 1948 [81] Recognition extended under Czechoslovakia. Relations under Czechoslovakia were severed between June 1967 and February 1990. Diplomatic relations with Slovakia were established 1 January 1993. [166]
134Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia [167] 28 April 1992
135Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg  Solomon Islands January 1989 [82]
Flag of Somalia.svg  Somalia [168]
136Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 24 May 1948 [81] 14 May 1949 [169] [170]
137Flag of South Korea.svg  Republic of Korea 10 April 1962 [171] Date diplomatic relations established
138Flag of South Sudan.svg  South Sudan [172] 28 July 2011Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. [173]
139Flag of Spain.svg  Spain [174] 17 January 1986[ when? ]
140Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka [175] 16 September 1950[ when? ]
141Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan 23 October 2020 [176] On 23 October 2020, an agreement was announced to normalize relations. [176]
142Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname February 1976 [82]
143Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden [54] 15 February 194913 June 1950 [84]
144Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland [177] 28 January 194918 March 1949 [178]
Flag of Syria.svg  Syria [30] Does not accept Israeli passports. [22]
145Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan April 1992 [82]
146Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania [ when? ]Relations broken in October 1973, [52] and resumed in February 1995.
147Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 26 September 1950 [179] [ when? ]
148Flag of Togo (3-2).svg  Togo [ when? ]Relations severed in September 1973, [52] and restored in June 1987. [51]
149Flag of Tonga.svg  Tonga June 1977 [82] Date diplomatic relations established
150Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago [82] August 1962
Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia [30] 3 October 1994 [65] [180] [181] Joint declaration of relations made in January 1996. Closed the Israeli representative office and suspended relations in October 2000. [138]
151Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 28 March 1949 [182] 12 March 1950 [183] Downgraded ties with Israel to second secretary level in September 2011, [184] and restored full diplomatic relations in June 2016. [185]
151Flag of Turkmenistan.svg  Turkmenistan [186] 6 October 1993Date diplomatic relations established
153Flag of Tuvalu.svg  Tuvalu July 1984 [82] Date diplomatic relations established
154Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda [ when? ]Broke relations on 30 March 1972, [52] and restored in July 1994.
155Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 11 May 1949 [45] 26 December 1991 [187]
156Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 13 August 2020 [188] 15 September 2020 [41] On 15 September 2020, an agreement was signed to normalize relations. [188]
157Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 13 May 1949 [189] 28 April 1950 [121]
158Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 14 May 1948 [6] 31 January 1949 [190]
159Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 19 May 1948 [81] First Latin American country to recognize Israel. [191]
160Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan [192] 21 February 1992Date full diplomatic relations established
161Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu [64] [65] 16 December 1993Date diplomatic relations established
Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela 27 June 1948 [85] Relations severed in January 2009. [193]
162Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam [194] 12 July 1993Date diplomatic relations established
Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen [30] Does not accept Israeli passports. [22]
163Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia [ when? ]Relations broken in October 1973, [52] and resumed in December 1991.
164Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe [64] [65] 26 November 1993Date diplomatic relations established

Non-UN member states

StateDate of recognitionNotes
Flag of the Cook Islands.svg  Cook Islands [195] 2008
Flag of the Vatican City - 2001 version.svg  Holy See [196] 15 June 1994
Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo 4 September 2020Kosovo recognised Israel as part of the Kosovo and Serbia economic normalization agreements (2020). [197] [198] [199] Diplomatic relations established on February 1, 2021. [200] [201]
Flag of Niue.svg  Niue [202] 2008
Flag of Palestine.svg  State of Palestine [203] 1993Signatory to the Khartoum Resolution. [30] Recognized Israel as part of the Oslo I Accord.

See also

Notes

  1. Non-Muslim states:
    Muslim-majority states:
  2. During the Israel–Hamas war, Qatar has hosted an Israeli delegation for negotiations between Israel and Hamas to resolve the hostage crisis [157]

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