The following Lists of Palestinians are lists of notable people with either a self-designation (endonym) or a foreign appellation (exonym) as "Palestinian", or who were born in the region of Palestine.
The first list "Mandate period and after" consists of people who identify as "Palestinians" since the creation of Mandatory Palestine in 1920. The list does not include those Palestinian Jews or other Israeli citizens[3] who are native to the geographic region of Palestine, unless they self-identify as "Palestinians".[4][5]
Directed terrorist activities, including the attempted poisoning in the early 1990s of Israel's water supplies and the activities of Hamas's military arm
Leader of Hamas' military wing. Directly involved in terrorist attacks such as the killings of IDF soldiers, suicide bombings and kidnappings. Deemed a Specially Designated Global Terrorist by the United States' Department of State
TV anchor, news presenter, media instructor, and activist[14]
1972
Pre-Mandate
The second list "Pre-Mandate" consists of people with roots in the region of Palestine prior to the modern identity politics resulting from the creation of Mandatory Palestine and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. As well as native Palestinian Muslims and Christians, the list includes those Jews, Samaritans, Druze, and Dom who were native to the geographic region of Palestine. The list also include some famous names and titles as exonyms, prior to nationalism and national identity becoming commonplace in the modern era.
Chronologically or by floruit and regnal succession:
Galilee is a region located in northern Israel and southern Lebanon. Galilee traditionally refers to the mountainous part, divided into Upper Galilee and Lower Galilee.
The history of Israel covers an area of the Southern Levant also known as Canaan, Palestine or the Holy Land, which is the geographical location of the modern states of Israel and Palestine. From a prehistory as part of the critical Levantine corridor, which witnessed waves of early humans out of Africa, to the emergence of Natufian culture c. 10th millennium BCE, the region entered the Bronze Age c. 2,000 BCE with the development of Canaanite civilization, before being vassalized by Egypt in the Late Bronze Age. In the Iron Age, the kingdoms of Israel and Judah were established, entities that were central to the origins of the Jewish and Samaritan peoples as well as the Abrahamic faith tradition. This has given rise to Judaism, Samaritanism, Christianity, Islam, Druzism, Baha'ism, and a variety of other religious movements. Throughout the course of human history, the Land of Israel has seen many conflicts and come under the sway or control of various polities and, as a result, it has historically hosted a wide variety of ethnic groups.
The Samaritans, often preferring to be called Israelite Samaritans, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Hebrews and Israelites of the ancient Near East. They are indigenous to Samaria, a historical region of ancient Israel and Judah that comprises the northern half of what is today referred to as the West Bank. They are adherents of Samaritanism, an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion that developed alongside Judaism.
Zionism is an ethno-cultural nationalist movement that emerged in Europe in the late 19th century and aimed for the establishment of a Jewish state through the colonization of a land outside Europe. With the rejection of alternate proposals for a Jewish state, it eventually focused on the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, a region corresponding to the Land of Israel in Judaism, and of central importance in Jewish history. Zionists wanted to create a Jewish state in Palestine with as much land, as many Jews, and as few Palestinian Arabs as possible. Following the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, Zionism became Israel's national or state ideology.
Jewish history is the history of the Jews, their nation, religion, and culture, as it developed and interacted with other peoples, religions, and cultures.
The Jewish diaspora or exile is the dispersion of Israelites or Jews out of their ancient ancestral homeland and their subsequent settlement in other parts of the globe.
The Bar Kokhba revolt was a large-scale armed rebellion initiated by the Jews of Judea, led by Simon bar Kokhba, against the Roman Empire in 132 CE. Lasting until 135 or early 136, it was the third and final escalation of the Jewish–Roman wars. Like the First Jewish–Roman War and the Second Jewish–Roman War, the Bar Kokhba revolt resulted in a total Jewish defeat; Bar Kokhba himself was killed by Roman troops at Betar in 135 and the Jewish rebels who remained after his death were all killed or enslaved within the next year.
The population of the region of Palestine, which approximately corresponds to modern Israel and the Palestinian territories, has varied in both size and ethnic composition throughout the history of Palestine.
The region of Palestine, also known as historic Palestine, is a geographical area in West Asia. It includes modern-day Israel and the State of Palestine, as well as parts of northwestern Jordan in some definitions. Other names for the region include Canaan, the Promised Land, the Land of Israel, or the Holy Land.
Emmaus is a town mentioned in the Gospel of Luke of the New Testament. Luke reports that Jesus appeared, after his death and resurrection, before two of his disciples while they were walking on the road to Emmaus.
Sepphoris, known in Hebrew as Tzipori and in Arabic as Saffuriya is an archaeological site located in the central Galilee region of Israel, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north-northwest of Nazareth. It lies 286 meters (938 ft) above sea level and overlooks the Beit Netofa Valley. The site holds a rich and diverse historical and architectural legacy that includes remains from the Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, early Islamic, Crusader, Mamluk and Ottoman periods.
Generically, a Galilean is a term that was used in classical sources to describe the inhabitants of Galilee, an area of northern Israel and southern Lebanon that extends from the northern coastal plain in the west to the Sea of Galilee and the Jordan Rift Valley to the east.
Palestinian Jews or Jewish Palestinians were the Jewish inhabitants of the Palestine region prior to the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948.
The history of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel begins in the 2nd millennium BCE, when Israelites emerged as an outgrowth of southern Canaanites. During biblical times, a postulated United Kingdom of Israel existed but then split into two Israelite kingdoms occupying the highland zone: the Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) in the north, and the Kingdom of Judah in the south. The Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire, and the Kingdom of Judah by the Neo-Babylonian Empire. Initially exiled to Babylon, upon the defeat of the Neo-Babylonian Empire by the Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great, many of the Jewish exiles returned to Jerusalem, building the Second Temple.
Jewish military history focuses on the military aspect of history of the Jewish people from ancient times until the modern age.
The Second Temple period or post-exilic period in Jewish history denotes the approximately 600 years during which the Second Temple stood in the city of Jerusalem. It began with the return to Zion and subsequent reconstruction of the Temple in Jerusalem, and ended with the First Jewish–Roman War and the Roman siege of Jerusalem.
The Jews or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community are highly interrelated, as Judaism is an ethnic religion, although not all ethnic Jews practice it. Despite this, religious Jews regard individuals who have formally converted to Judaism as part of the community.
The Makhamra family, also Muhamara or Mahamara, is a Palestinian clan from the city of Yatta, in the Hebron Governorate, West Bank. It is one of the largest clans in the southern Hebron Hills and have a tradition of descending from a Jewish tribe of Arabia. They have also preserved several practices of Jewish origin.
The study of the origins of the Palestinians, a population encompassing the Arab inhabitants of the former Mandatory Palestine and their descendants, is a subject approached through an interdisciplinary lens, drawing from fields such as population genetics, demographic history, folklore, including oral traditions, linguistics, and other disciplines.
References
↑ According to Rashid Khalidi, the modern Palestinian identity encompasses the heritage of all ages from biblical times up to the Ottoman period. (Rashid Khalidi, Palestinian identity: the construction of modern national consciousness, Columbia University Press, 2009 p.18.) According to Palestinian author Walid Khalidi: "the Palestinians considered themselves to be descended not only from Arab conquerors of the seventh century but also from indigenous peoples who had lived in the country since time immemorial." ("(With reference to Palestinians in Ottoman times) Although proud of their Arab heritage and ancestry, the Palestinians considered themselves to be descended not only from Arab conquerors of the seventh century but also from indigenous peoples who had lived in the country since time immemorial, including the ancient Hebrews and the Canaanites before them. Acutely aware of the distinctiveness of Palestinian history, the Palestinians saw themselves as the heirs of its rich associations.") and according to Palestinian anthropologist Ali Qleibo: "in their customs and manners, fossils of these ancient civilizations survived until modernity—albeit modernity camouflaged under the veneer of Islam and Arabic culture." ("Throughout history a great diversity of peoples has moved into the region and made Palestine their homeland: Canaanites, Jebusites, Philistines from Crete, Anatolian and Lydian Greeks, Hebrews, Amorites, Edomites, Nabateans, Arameans, Romans, Arabs, and European crusaders, to name a few. Each of them appropriated different regions that overlapped in time and competed for sovereignty and land. Others, such as Ancient Egyptians, Hittites, Persians, Babylonians, and Mongols, were historical 'events' whose successive occupations were as ravaging as the effects of major earthquakes... Like shooting stars, the various cultures shine for a brief moment before they fade out of official historical and cultural records of Palestine. The people, however, survive. In their customs and manners, fossils of these ancient civilizations survived until modernity—albeit modernity camouflaged under the veneer of Islam and Arabic culture." Genetic analysis suggests that a majority of the Muslims of Palestine, inclusive of Arab citizens of Israel, are descendants of Christians, Jews and other earlier inhabitants of the southern Levant whose core may reach back to prehistoric times.(Gibbons, Ann (October 30, 2000). "Jews and Arabs Share Recent Ancestry". ScienceNOW. American Academy for the Advancement of Science.. Studies cited are: M. F. Hammer, etal. (2000). "Jewish and Middle Eastern non-Jewish populations share a common pool of Y-chromosome biallelic haplotypes"(PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 97 (12): 6769–6774. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.6769H. doi:10.1073/pnas.100115997. PMC18733. PMID10801975. and Almut Nebel, etal. (2000). "High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews". Human Genetics. 107 (6): 630–641. doi:10.1007/s004390000426. PMID11153918. S2CID8136092. Another study says; "Our recent study of high-resolution microsatellite haplotypes demonstrated that a substantial portion of Y chromosomes of Jews (70%) and of Palestinian Muslim Arabs (82%) belonged to the same chromosome pool." "Almut Nebel, Dvora Filon, Bernd Brinkmann, Partha P. Majumder, Marina Faerman, and Ariella Oppenheim,'The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East,' American Journal of Human Genetics, November 2001; 69(5): 1095–1112. doi:10.1086/324070, PMC1274378.)
↑ "those Arab nationals who, until 1947, normally resided in Palestine regardless of whether they were evicted from it or stayed there. Anyone born, after that date, of a Palestinian father—whether in Palestine or outside it—is also a Palestinian (..) the Jews who had normally resided in Palestine until the beginning of the creation of Israel in 1948 are considered Palestinians." "The Palestinian National Charter". Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations. Archived from the original on 9 September 2010. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
↑ After crushing the Bar Kokhba revolt, Roman EmperorHadrian applied the disparaging name Syria Palæstina to the region, that was formerly known as Kingdom of Israel. That name revived the ancient name of the Pentapolis Philistia, in an attempt to suppress Jewish connection to the land. (H.H. Ben-Sasson: A History of the Jewish People, Harvard University Press, 1976, ISBN0-674-39731-2, page 334: "In an effort to wipe out all memory of the bond between the Jews and the land, Hadrian changed the name of the province from Iudaea to Syria-Palestina, a name that became common in non-Jewish literature." - Ariel Lewin: The archaeology of Ancient Judea and Palestine. Getty Publications, 2005, ISBN0-89236-800-4, p. 33. "It seems clear that by choosing a seemingly neutral name - one juxtaposing that of a neighboring province with the revived name of an ancient geographical entity (Palestine), already known from the writings of Herodotus - Hadrian was intending to suppress any connection between the Jewish people and that land." - 'The Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered', by Peter Schäfer, ISBN3-16-148076-7)
↑ Some scholars describe the Roman persecution of the Jews in Syria Palæstina after the Bar Kokhba revolt (135 CE) as a genocide (Totten, S.: Teaching about genocide: issues, approaches and resources. . p24) for it resulted in an extensive depopulation of Jewish communities, more so than the First Jewish–Roman War of 70 CE (Taylor, J. E. (2012-11-15). The Essenes, the Scrolls, and the Dead Sea. Oxford University Press. ISBN9780199554485. Up until this date the Bar Kokhba documents indicate that towns, villages and ports where Jews lived were busy with industry and activity. Afterwards there is an eerie silence, and the archaeological record testifies to little Jewish presence until the Byzantine era, in En Gedi. This picture coheres with what we have already determined in Part I of this study, that the crucial date for what can only be described as genocide, and the devastation of Jews and Judaism within central Judea, was 135 CE and not, as usually assumed, 70 CE, despite the siege of Jerusalem and the Temple's destruction)
(1) 'today most active Jesus scholars are convinced that Jesus was a real historical being, who existed as a Palestinian-Jewish person in the beginning of the first century CE.' Per Bilde, The Originality of Jesus: A Critical Discussion and a Comparative Attempt, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2013 p.60
(2) 'The recovery of Jesus' identity as a first-century Palestinian Jew, begun with Klausner's Jesus of Nazareth and reiterated forcefully by such recent authors as Vermes and Sanders, does important conceptual work.' John S.Kloppenberg, ‘Sources, Method and Discursive Locations in the Quest for the Historical Jesus,’ in Tom Holmén, Stanley E. Porter (eds.) Handbook for the Study of the Historical Jesus, (4 Vols) BRILL Vol.1, 2011 pp.241-289 p.247
(3) Those events and that teaching would have meant much to the dozens of Palestinian Jews we call the early apostles. . . .Could any of those who were not familiar with Jesus in his native Palestine have been totally incurious about his public life and teaching, what manner of man he was that some had thought him intimately related to God and others wanted him dead.?’ Gerard S. Sloyan, Jesus: Word made flesh, Liturgical Press, 2008 p.40
(4) Jesus’ rejection of divorce outright would have offended practically everyone of His day. Further, Jesus’ view that the single state was a legitimate and not abnormal calling for those to whom it was given, went against prevailing views in various parts of the Roman Empire about a man's duty to marry and procreate, but nowhere more so than in His native Palestine.’ Ben Witherington 111, Women in the Ministry of Jesus: A Study of Jesus' Attitudes to Women and Their Roles As Reflected in His Earthly Life, Cambridge University Press 1987 p.125
(5) The earliest church was not entirely homogeneous culturally. Acts 6 indicates that almost from the beginning two groups existed.: the Hebrews and the Hellenists. Most scholars conclude that the Hebrews were primarily Aramaic-speaking Jews and native Palestinian in dress. The Hellenists were on the other hand Jews that had .. adopted Greek as their language as well as Greek dress and customs David A. Fiensy, New Testament Introduction, College Press p.167
(6) 'Jesus, a Jew of First-Century Palestine.' Frederick James Murphy, The religious world of Jesus: an introduction to Second Temple Palestinian Judaism, Abingdon Press1991 p.311
(7) 'As I examined these scenes again, I could find none where Jesus directly challenged the forces occupying his native Palestine.' Virginia Stem Owens, Looking for Jesus, Westminster John Knox Press 1999 p.250
(8) 'Jesus, and the message that he preached to the people of his native Palestine, was truly prophetic,' Joseph Stoutzenberger, Celebrating sacraments, St Mary’s Press, 2000 p.286
(9) As a man, he (Jesus) traveled throughout his native Palestine teaching the word of God (see Sermon on the Mount), healing the sick, and performing miracles.'[clarification needed] Eric Donald Hirsch, Joseph F. Kett, James S. Trefil, The new dictionary of cultural literacy, Houghton Mifflin 2002 p.12
(10) 'The Bultmann era of New Testament scholarship did not encourage research into the Palestinian background of either Jesus or his movement' (citing Freyne) Morten H. Jensen, The Literary and Archaeological Sources on the Reign of Herod Antipas and its Socio-Economic Impact on Galilee, Mohr Siebeck 2010 p.5
(11) 'The "influence" of Sal terrae and Lux Mundi seems to have originated, as ideas, with the Palestinian Jesus.' Eric Francis Fox Bishop, Jesus of Palestine: the local background to the Gospel documents, Lutterworth Press 1955 p.73
(12) But of all the traditions to which Jesus and his Palestinian disciples would have been exposed, the most influential would naturally have been the Jewish.' John Davidson, The gospel of Jesus: in search of his original teachings, 2005 p.177.
(13) 'We can say that Jesus was a Palestinian Jew who lived during the reign of Emperor Tiberius.' Christopher Gilbert, A Complete Introduction to the Bible, Paulist Press 2009 p.187
(14) 'Jesus was a Palestinian Jew; Paul was a Jew of the diaspora.' William Baird, History of New Testament Research, Fortress Press, 2002 p.260
(15a)‘Jesus was a first-century Palestinian Jew. .His faith in God was nurtured within the context of a Jewish home and family, within the context of first-century Palestinian Judaism.’ p.30
(15b)'Catholic sacraments have their foundation in the preaching and teaching ministry of Jesus of Nazareth a first-century Palestinian Jew.' Gregory L. Klein, Robert A. Wolfe, Pastoral foundations of the Sacraments: a Catholic perspective, 1998 p.32
(16) 'Born in Bethlehem, Jesus was a Palestinian Jew,' George Kaniarakath, Jesus Christ: a Meditative Introduction, Society of St Paul, Bombay 2008
(17) 'Jesus, like many Palestinian Jews,..' Chuck Colson, Norm Geisler, Ted Cabal, The Apologetics Study Bible, 2007 p.1481 on Mark 7:35
(18) 'The title Kurios applied to Jesus by the Palestinian disciples', David B. Capes, Old Testament Yahweh texts in Paul's christology, Mohr Siebeck, Tuebingen 1992 p.13
(19) 'The reader also will notice the new beatitude generated by Palestinian Jesus culture—'Blessed is whoever is not scandalized by me' (Matt. 11.4/Luke 7.22).' Vernon Kay Robbins, The tapestry of early Christian discourse, 1996 p.140
(20) 'How did Jesus relate to Palestinian Judaism and how was he different from other Palestinian Jews?' Mark Allan Powell, Jesus as a figure in history, Westerminster John Knox Press, 1998 p.170
(21) 'Christianity was at first essentially a sect of Palestinian Jews who believed Jesus was the Messiah.' Kathryn Muller Lopez, Glenn Jonas, Donald N. Penny, (eds.)Christianity: A Biblical, Historical, and Theological Guide, Mercer University Press, 2010
(22)'It also appears that the Nomos tradition is limited to Patristic authors with strong Palestinian ties. Justin was a native of Shechem, while Clement, who came to Alexandria from Athens, identified his greatest teacher as a Palestinian thinker “of Hebrew origins”.’Azzan Yadin Scripture as logos: Rabbi Ishmael and the origins of midrash, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004 p.175.
(22) 'There was another type of allegory that was familiar to the Palestinian thinkers.' Willis Allen Shotwell, The Biblical Exegesis of Justin Martyr, S.P.C.K., 1965 p.41(referring to Palestinians, Jews, pagans or others of the period of the 1st-2nd century CE)
(23) 'Jesus, we may assume, was by all means a Jewish patriot, but rousing his Palestinian people to throw off the Roman yoke was no part of his message. Neither had it been that of John the Baptist.'Gerard S. Sloyan, Jesus: Word Made Flesh, Liturgical Press 2009 p.23
(25) 'The recovery of Jesus' identity as a first-century Palestinian Jew, begun with Klausner's Jesus of Nazareth and reiterated forcefully by such recent authors as Vermes and Sanders, does important conceptual work.'John S.Kloppenberg, ‘Sources, Method and Discursive Locations in the Quest for the Historical Jesus,’ in Tom Holmén, Stanley E. Porter (eds.) Handbook for the Study of the Historical Jesus (4 Vols) BRILL Vol.1, 2011 pp.241-189 p.247
(26) (of Paul) 'his preaching was addressed largely to diaspora Jews, not the Palestinian Jews among whom Jesus circulated.'Robert Chazan The Jews of Medieval Western Christendom: 1000-1500, Cambridge University Press 2006 p.31
(28) 'The historical setting of Jesus' life and teaching — that he was a first-century Palestinian Jew-may awaken Christian theology to its Judaic origins’Katherine Sonderegger, That Jesus Christ Was Born a Jew: Karl Barth's Doctrine of Israel, Pennsylvania University Press 2010 p.10.
(29) 'Jesus, we may assume, was by all means a Jewish patriot, but rousing his Palestinian people to throw off the Roman yoke was no part of his message. Neither had it been that of John the Baptist.' Gerard S. Sloyan, Jesus: Word Made Flesh, Liturgical Press 2009 p.23
(30) ‘Given the fact that Jesus was a Jew, what were the religious concepts he learned, accepted, and perhaps adapted, as a first-century Palestinian Jew?’ David Ray Bourquin, First Century Palestinian Judaism: An Annotated Guide to Works in English, Wildside Press, Studies in Judaica and the Holocaust', 6, 2007 p.9.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
