"},"unit_pref":{"wt":"dunam"},"area_total_dunam":{"wt":"5,579\n"},"population_as_of":{"wt":"1945"},"population_total":{"wt":"240Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p09.jpg 9]Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Safad/Page-069.jpg 69]\n"},"blank_name_sec1":{"wt":"Cause(s) of depopulation"},"blank_info_sec1":{"wt":"Military assault by [[Yishuv]] forces"},"blank3_name_sec1":{"wt":"Current Localities"},"blank3_info_sec1":{"wt":"[[Birya]]"},"image_map":{"wt":"{{Historical map series|default=2|date1=1870s|date2=1940s|date3=modern|date4=1940s with modern overlay|width=225}}"},"map_caption":{"wt":"A series of historical maps of the area around {{PAGENAME}} (click the buttons)"},"pushpin_map_caption":{"wt":"Location within [[Mandatory Palestine]]"}},"i":0}}]}" id="mwAg">Place in Safad, Mandatory Palestine
Biriyya بيريّا | |
---|---|
Etymology: A well [1] | |
Location within Mandatory Palestine | |
Coordinates: 32°58′47″N35°29′52″E / 32.97972°N 35.49778°E | |
Palestine grid | 197/265 |
Geopolitical entity | Mandatory Palestine |
Subdistrict | Safad |
Date of depopulation | May 2, 1948 [2] |
Area | |
• Total | 5,579 dunams (5.579 km2 or 2.154 sq mi) |
Population (1945) | |
• Total | 240 [4] [3] |
Cause(s) of depopulation | Military assault by Yishuv forces |
Current Localities | Birya |
Biriyya (Arabic : بيريّا) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on May 2, 1948, by The Palmach's First Battalion of Operation Yiftach. It was located 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) northeast of Safad. Today the Israeli moshav of Birya includes the village site.
The village was on a hill 1.5 kilometres northeast of Safad. [5] It is believed to have been built on the site of the Roman village of Beral or Bin, which was later also a Jewish town. [5] Ishtori Haparchi, however, thought the village to have been the Beri of rabbinic literature. [6]
In the 1596 tax record, Biriyya was a village in the nahiya of Jira (Liwa' of Safad) with a Muslim population of 38 families and 3 bachelors, and a Jewish population of 16 families and 1 bachelor; a total estimated population of 319 persons. The villagers paid taxes on crops such as wheat, barley, and olives and other types of produce and owned beehives, vineyards, and a press that was used for processing olives. Total taxes paid was 3,145 akçe. [7] [8] [5] [9]
A map from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 by Pierre Jacotin showed the place, named as "Beria", [10] while in 1838 Biria was noted as a village in the Safad region. [11]
In 1875 Victor Guérin found Biriyya to have about 150 Muslim inhabitants. [12] In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Biriyya as having "good stone houses, containing about 100 Muslims, surrounded by arable cultivation, and several good springs near the village". [13]
A population list from about 1887 showed Biria to have about 355 Muslim inhabitants. [14]
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Biria had a population of 128, all Muslims, [15] increasing in the 1931 census to 170, still all Muslims, in a total of 38 houses. [16]
In the 1945 statistics it had a population of 240 Muslims [4] with a total of 5,579 dunums of land. [3] A total of 328 dunums were used for cereals, 53 dunums for irrigation for use in the orchards, [17] while 25 dunums were built-up (urban) land. [18]
The villagers sold their products at the market in nearby Safad. [5]
On April 7, 1948, it was reported that 20 Arabs had been killed near Mount Canaan, outside Safad. [5] On May 1, 1948, the Palmach's First Battalion captured Biriyya. [19] The occupation of Safad and eastern Galilee was completed in May 1948 during Operation Yiftach. [5]
In 1992 the village site was described: "About fifteen houses remain and are inhabited by the residents of the settlement of Biriyya, the settlement has been expanded to include the village site. In addition to the inhabited houses, four are semi-deserted or used for storage. Stones from destroyed houses can be found in some of the walls around the settlement. Many old almond, olive, fig, and eucalyptus trees are scattered throughout the site, mingled with trees that have been planted more recently." [5]
Amka, also known in Arabic as Amqa, is a moshav in the Matte Asher Regional Council of Israel's Northern District, near Acre. The location of the moshav roughly corresponds the former Palestinian village, depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Yemenite Jews founded the village's successor Amka in 1949. In 2022 its population was 833.
Marus was a Palestinian village in Upper Galilee, 7 km northeast of Safad. In the Roman and medieval period it had Jewish population, and by the 16th century it became entirely Muslim. After a period of desertion, the Ottoman authorities resettled it with Algerian Arabs in the 19th century. It was depopulated in 1948 during the Operation Hiram by the Israeli attacking brigade Sheva' Brigade.
Ma'alul was a Palestinian village, with a mixed population of primarily Muslims with a substantial minority of Palestinian Christians, that was depopulated and destroyed by Israel during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. Located six kilometers west of the city of Nazareth, many of its inhabitants became internally displaced refugees, after taking refuge in Nazareth and the neighbouring town of Yafa an-Naseriyye. Despite having never left the territory that came to form part of Israel, the majority of the villagers of Maalul, and other Palestinian villages like Andor and Al-Mujidal, were declared "absentees", allowing the confiscation of their land under the Absentees Property Law.
Nimrin was a Palestinian Arab town of 320 that was captured and depopulated by Israel during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
Sa'sa' was a Palestinian village, located 12 kilometres northwest of Safed, that was depopulated by Israeli forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. The village suffered two massacres committed by Haganah forces: one in mid-February 1948 and the other at the end of October the same year. Its place has been taken since 1949 by Sasa, an Israeli kibbutz.
Ammuqa was a Palestinian village, located five kilometres northeast of Safed.
Qaddita was a Palestinian Arab village of 240, located 4.5 kilometers (2.8 mi) northwest of Safad. It was captured and depopulated in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, with some of its inhabitants expelled or fleeing to nearby 'Akbara where they live as internally displaced Palestinians and others to refugee camps in Lebanon or Syria.
Abil al-Qamh was a Palestinian village located near the Lebanese border north of Safad. It was depopulated in 1948. It was located at the site of the biblical city of Abel-beth-maachah.
Al-Ja'una or Ja'ouna, was a Palestinian village situated in Galilee near al-Houleh Plateau, overlooking the Jordan Valley. The village lay on a hillside 450–500 meters above sea level, 5 kilometers east of Safad near a major road connecting Safad with Tabariya. The village had its Arab residents expelled by Zionist forces in 1948 and was thereafter resettled by Jews, becoming a part of the Israeli settlement of Rosh Pinna.
Fara was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War on October 30, 1948, under Operation Hiram. It was located 11.5 km north of Safad on the Wadi al-Fara.
Fir'im was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict that was depopulated during the 1948 Palestine war. It was first attacked during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on May 2, 1948, by the Palmach's First Battalion during Operation Yiftach. In 1945 the population had been 740.
Jahula was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine on May 1, 1948, by the Palmach's First Battalion of Operation Yiftach. It was located 11 km northeast of Safad.
Qabba'a was a Palestinian Arab village in the District of Safad. It was depopulated during the 1948 War on May 26, 1948, by the Palmach's First Battalion of Operation Yiftach. It was located 6 km northeast of Safad.
Mughr al-Khayt was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on May 2, 1948, by the Palmach's First Battalion of Operation Yiftach. It was located 4.5 km northeast of Safad. In 1945 it had a population of 490 Muslims.
Al-Zahiriyya al-Tahta was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. The village was on a descent at the southwestern part of Safad, a town 1 kilometer (0.62 mi) east of the village. Possibly named after the Mamluk sultan al-Zahir Baybars, the village was incorporated into the Safad Sanjak of the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and its entirely Muslim population paid fixed taxes, as well as taxes on winter pastures, an olive oil or grape syrup press and beehives during the 16th century. By the late 19th century, the population grew to 335 inhabitants, all Muslims. The population remained about the same in the last years of British Mandatory rule. The village lands spanned 6,773 dunums, nearly half of which were used to grow grains, the residents living on 28 dunums. Al-Zahiriyya al-Tahta was depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War when its inhabitants fled shortly after the capture of Safed by Jewish paramilitary forces.
Taytaba was a Palestinian-Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict, located 5 kilometers north of Safad. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine in May 1948 under Operation Hiram. In 1945 it had a population of 530 and a total area of 8,453 dunams, 99.8% of which was Arab-owned.
Ma'dhar was a Palestinian village in the Tiberias Subdistrict.
Yaquq was a Palestinian Arab village, which was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on May 1, 1948. It was located 12.5 km north of Tiberias and was built at the site of the ancient Jewish village of Huqoq.
Al-Mansura was a Palestinian Arab village in the Tiberias Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on May 10, 1948. It was located 16 kilometres northwest of Tiberias.
Dayshum, also known by its variant name Dayshun was a Palestinian village, depopulated on 30 October 1948 by the Sheva Brigade of Israeli paramilitary force Palmach in an offensive called Operation Hiram, where the village has been destroyed, and only house rubble left behind.