Foreign relations of Cambodia

The Cambodian government has diplomatic relations with most countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, as well as all of its Asian neighbors, including China, India, Vietnam, Laos, South Korea, and Thailand. The government is a member of most major international organizations, including the United Nations and its specialized agencies such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. The government is an Asian Development Bank (ADB) member, a member of ASEAN, and of the WTO. In 2005 Cambodia attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. The government is also a member of the Pacific Alliance (as observer) and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (as dialogue partner). ^[1]

International disputes

See also: Cambodian–Thai border dispute

Delegates of the ASEAN Summit pose for a photograph at the Peace Palace in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, on 19 November 2012.

Cambodia is involved in a dispute regarding offshore islands and sections of the boundary with Vietnam. In addition, the maritime boundary Cambodia has with Vietnam is undefined. Parts of Cambodia's border with Thailand are indefinite, and the maritime boundary with Thailand is not clearly defined.

Illicit drugs

Main article: Drugs in Cambodia

Cambodia is a transshipment site for Golden Triangle heroin, and possibly a site of money laundering. There is corruption related to narcotics in parts of the government, military and police. Cambodia is also a possible site of small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production. The country is a large producer of cannabis for the international market. ^[2]

International organization participation

ACCT, AsDB, ASEAN, ASEAN-Japan Centre, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), International Monetary Fund, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WB, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WToO, WTrO (applicant)

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Cambodia maintains diplomatic relations with:

#	Country	Date [3]
1	Costa Rica	1 May 1950 [4]
2	United States	11 July 1950
3	Thailand	19 December 1950
4	Italy	27 July 1951
5	Liberia	16 November 1951
6	Spain	16 November 1951
7	Australia	15 January 1952
8	United Kingdom	5 May 1952
9	Pakistan	28 May 1952
10	Sri Lanka	28 May 1952
11	India	30 May 1952
12	France	4 November 1952
13	Egypt	30 March 1953 [5]
14	Japan	4 May 1954
15	Myanmar	12 July 1955 [6]
16	Laos	15 June 1956 [7]
17	Russia	6 November 1956
18	Czech Republic	16 April 1957
19	Philippines	27 August 1957
20	Poland	16 April 1957
21	Malaysia	31 August 1957 [8]
22	Netherlands	28 November 1957 [9]
23	China	19 July 1958
24	Indonesia	13 February 1959
25	Israel	16 February 1959 [10]
26	New Zealand	18 February 1959
27	Cuba	15 April 1960
28	Bulgaria	18 September 1960 [11]
29	Mongolia	30 November 1960
30	Romania	10 January 1963 [12]
31	Lebanon	13 July 1963 [13]
32	Hungary	22 July 1963
33	Germany	19 February 1964 [14]
34	Sweden	19 February 1964 [15]
35	North Korea	20 December 1964
36	Singapore	15 September 1965 [16]
37	Mauritania	29 October 1965 [17]
38	Argentina	1 February 1966
39	Algeria	2 December 1966 [18]
40	Vietnam	24 June 1967
41	Albania	9 October 1967
42	Austria	9 October 1967
43	Denmark	9 October 1967
44	Switzerland	9 October 1967
45	Belgium	19 October 1967
46	Yemen	19 March 1968
47	Senegal	27 March 1969 [19]
48	Turkey	3 May 1969 [20]
49	Guinea	June 1969 [21]
50	Finland	20 January 1970 [22]
51	South Korea	May 1970 [23]
52	Bangladesh	6 June 1972 [24]
53	Democratic Republic of the Congo	5 October 1972 [25]
54	Cameroon	13 October 1972 [26]
55	Colombia	1 August 1973
56	Somalia	16 August 1973 [27]
57	Jordan	September 1974 [28]
58	Nepal	18 April 1975 [29]
59	Mozambique	25 June 1975 [30]
60	Guyana	5 September 1975
61	Mexico	26 September 1975 [31]
62	Angola	4 December 1975
63	Peru	31 May 1976
64	Chile	1 June 1976 [32]
65	Mali	31 October 1976 [33]
66	Norway	18 November 1976 [34]
67	Iraq	10 January 1978 [35]
68	Ethiopia	15 September 1979 [36]
69	Grenada	Before 1982 [37]
70	Gabon	Before 1984 [38]
71	Niger	Before 1984 [38]
72	Cape Verde	23 March 1984 [39]
—	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	1980s
73	Libya	16 February 1990
74	Canada	25 November 1991
75	Eswatini	13 December 1991
—	State of Palestine	17 December 1991
76	Ukraine	23 April 1992
77	Portugal	29 May 1992
78	Iran	5 June 1992
79	Brunei	9 June 1992
80	Malta	6 June 1993
81	Kazakhstan	25 February 1994
82	Nicaragua	10 March 1994
83	Brazil	25 March 1994
—	Holy See	25 March 1994
84	Bolivia	26 April 1994
85	Burundi	15 May 1994
86	Venezuela	18 June 1994
87	Ecuador	29 June 1994
88	Kuwait	16 July 1994
89	Uruguay	29 September 1994
90	Papua New Guinea	7 October 1994
91	United Arab Emirates	21 October 1994
92	Paraguay	27 October 1994
93	Belize	1 November 1994
94	Georgia	17 November 1994
95	Sudan	5 January 1995
96	Benin	23 January 1995
97	South Africa	26 January 1995
98	Azerbaijan	2 February 1995
99	Tanzania	8 March 1995
100	Moldova	10 March 1995
101	Kyrgyzstan	23 March 1995
102	Turkmenistan	6 April 1995
103	Tunisia	12 April 1995
104	Federated States of Micronesia	2 May 1995
105	Mauritius	18 May 1995
106	Ghana	24 May 1995
107	Armenia	18 August 1995
108	Uzbekistan	7 September 1995
109	Maldives	21 September 1995
110	Latvia	22 September 1995
111	Lithuania	22 September 1995
112	Vanuatu	26 September 1995
113	Belarus	25 October 1995
114	Tajikistan	29 November 1995
115	Panama	15 February 1996 [40]
116	Guatemala	26 February 1996
117	Honduras	26 February 1996
118	Greece	8 April 1996
119	Zambia	8 May 1996
120	Slovenia	16 July 1996
121	Seychelles	15 August 1996
122	Croatia	10 September 1996
123	Morocco	23 October 1996
124	North Macedonia	29 October 1996
125	Slovakia	20 February 1997
126	Madagascar	25 March 1997
127	Ireland	30 October 1999
128	Cyprus	16 August 2000
129	Republic of the Congo	13 September 2000
130	Nigeria	28 May 2001
131	Zimbabwe	30 June 2001
132	Luxembourg	15 May 2002
133	Timor-Leste	29 July 2002
134	Iceland	19 June 2003
135	Bosnia and Herzegovina	23 December 2003
136	Estonia	31 August 2005
137	Rwanda	29 September 2005
138	Andorra	8 March 2006
139	Nauru	25 April 2007
140	Qatar	1 April 2008
141	Ivory Coast	9 April 2008
142	Dominican Republic	13 November 2008
143	Serbia	2 March 2009
144	Bahrain	29 June 2009
145	Kenya	4 July 2009
146	Montenegro	12 October 2009
147	Palau	26 October 2009
148	Oman	16 November 2009
149	Jamaica	12 January 2010
150	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	12 January 2010
151	El Salvador	16 January 2010
152	Saudi Arabia	18 January 2010
153	Eritrea	2 February 2010
154	Chad	9 February 2010
155	Comoros	22 February 2010
156	Dominica	27 April 2010
157	Antigua and Barbuda	28 April 2010
158	Gambia	28 April 2010
159	Samoa	18 May 2010
160	Fiji	27 May 2010
161	Namibia	25 June 2010
162	Equatorial Guinea	30 June 2010
163	Guinea-Bissau	30 June 2010
164	Burkina Faso	2 July 2010
165	Togo	6 August 2010
166	Sierra Leone	7 October 2010
167	Syria	25 October 2010
168	San Marino	12 April 2011
169	Liechtenstein	8 June 2011
170	Tuvalu	28 June 2011
171	Malawi	20 July 2011
172	South Sudan	22 July 2011
173	Suriname	31 October 2011
174	Solomon Islands	22 February 2012
175	Djibouti	28 April 2016
176	Marshall Islands	20 January 2017
177	Saint Kitts and Nevis	16 November 2018 [41]
178	Monaco	11 July 2019
179	Barbados	11 November 2019 [41]
180	Uganda	23 January 2020 [41]
181	Afghanistan	Unknown

Bilateral relations

Americas

Country	Formal relations began in	Notes
Canada	25 November 1991	See Cambodia–Canada relations Cambodia is accredited to Canada from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City. Canada is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.
Mexico	September 1976	Cambodia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States. [42] [43] Mexico is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Hanoi, Vietnam. [44]
United States	11 July 1950	See Cambodia–United States relations Cambodia has an embassy in Washington, D.C. United States has an embassy in Phnom Penh.

Asia

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Armenia		Armenia is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Hanoi, Vietnam. Cambodia is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
Azerbaijan		Azerbaijan is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Hanoi, Vietnam. Cambodia is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
Brunei	9 June 1992	See Brunei–Cambodia relations Brunei has an embassy in Phnom Penh. [45] Cambodia has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan. [45] The relations are mainly on economics and security.
China (PRC)	19 July 1958	See Cambodia–China relations Cambodia and the People's Republic of China relations have strengthened considerably after the end of the Cambodian-Vietnamese War. Cambodia has an embassy in Beijing. China has an embassy in Phnom Penh
China (ROC, Taiwan)	No official relations	Relations between Cambodia and the Republic of China on Taiwan are non-existent under the One China policy, though the ROC had relations with the U.S.-backed Khmer Republic during the Cambodian Civil War. Cambodia is represented by the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Ho Chi Minh City.
Georgia		Cambodia is accredited to Georgia from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey. Georgia is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
India	1981	See Cambodia–India relations Cambodia and India have ties that go deep into history, in areas of religion, architecture, art, political systems and royal families. India has an embassy in Phnom Penh. Cambodia has an embassy in New Delhi.
Indonesia	1957	See Cambodia–Indonesia relations The relations between both countries dates back to the Pre-Angkorian and Srivijaya era.
Israel	1960 1993 (reestablished)	See Cambodia–Israel relations Israel has an embassy in Bangkok. [46]
Japan	4 May 1954	See Cambodia–Japan relations Japan has an embassy in Phnom Penh and a consulate general in Siem Reap. [47] Cambodia has an embassy in Tokyo. Both Countries relations that in 1946, King Norodom Sihanouk said that Japan do not need to pay for the destruction since 1940, he said Cambodia wanted to be allied with Japan.
Laos	15 June 1956	See Cambodia–Laos relations Laos has an embassy in Phnom Penh. [48] Cambodia has an embassy in Vientiane. [49] Historically, relations have been tense, with long-standing unresolved border disputes. [50] [51]
Malaysia	2 December 1996	See Cambodia–Malaysia relations The relations are mainly in economic. [52] Malaysia was the fourth largest foreign investors to Cambodian in 2009. [53]
North Korea	28 December 1964 [54]	See Cambodia–North Korea relations
Pakistan		See Cambodia–Pakistan relations Cambodia is accredited to Pakistan from its embassy in New Delhi, India. Pakistan has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
Philippines	1956	See Cambodia–Philippines relations Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte with King Norodom Sihamoni at the Royal Palace in Phnom Penh on 14 December 2016. The two countries have an agreements on economic and trade relations, agricultural and agribusiness collaboration, and tourism cooperation. Cambodia has an embassy in Manila. Philippines has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
Singapore	10 August 1965	See Cambodia–Singapore relations Cambodia was one of the first countries to recognize Singapore's sovereignty when it became independent in 1965. Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong visited Cambodia in 2005 and 2012. Singapore has an embassy in Phnom Penh. Cambodia has an embassy in Singapore.
South Korea	18 May 1970 [55]	[55] King Norodom Sihamoni granting an audience to President of South Korea Lee Myung-bak in 2009. See Cambodia–South Korea relations Cambodia has an embassy in Seoul. South Korea has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
Tajikistan	1956	Cambodia embassy in Ankara, Turkey is presented for Tajikistan.
Thailand		See Cambodia–Thailand relations Cambodian–Thai border dispute The Kingdom of Thailand has an embassy in Phnom Penh. The Kingdom of Cambodia has an embassy in Bangkok. Thailand was once Cambodia's arch-enemy.
Turkey	1959 [56]	See Cambodia–Turkey relations Cambodia has an embassy in Ankara. Turkey has an embassy in Phnom Penh. Trade volume between the two countries was US$108.4 million in 2015 (Cambodian exports/imports: 94.7/13.7 million USD). [57]
Vietnam		See Cambodia–Vietnam relations Bilateral relations between the Cambodia and Vietnam were for long strained due to the Cambodian-Vietnamese War. The maritime boundary with Vietnam is hampered by unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands. Cambodia has an embassy in Hanoi. Vietnam has an embassy in Phnom Penh.

Europe

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Denmark	9 October 1967	See Cambodia–Denmark relations Cambodia is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in London, United Kingdom. Denmark is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.
Finland	20 January 1970 [58]	Finland recognized Cambodia on 19 December 1969. Diplomatic relations established on 20 January 1970, re-established 9 August 1976. [58] Cambodia is represented in Finland through its embassy in London, United Kingdom [59] Finland is represented in Cambodia through its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand [60]
France	1863	See Cambodia–France relations French president Charles de Gaulle visited Cambodia in 1966 and was given a welcome by Prince Norodom Sihanouk. [61] Cambodia has an embassy in Paris. France has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
Germany		See Cambodia–Germany relations Cambodia has an embassy in Berlin. Germany has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
Greece		Cambodia's embassy in Brussels, Belgium is also accredited to Greece Greece's embassy in Bangkok is also accredited to Cambodia. [62] Both countries are full members of the Francophonie. [63]
Hungary	10 July 1995	Cambodia is accredited to Hungary from its embassy in Berlin, Germany. Hungary open its embassy in Phnom Penh. [64]
Netherlands		Cambodia is accredited to the Netherlands from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium. the Netherlands is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.
Poland	29 March 1992	Poland closed its embassy in Phnom Penh at 2009 [65] and accredited from Bangkok, Thailand. Cambodia is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
Portugal		Cambodia is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Paris, France. Portugal is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.
Romania		Cambodia is accredited to Romania from its embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria. Romania is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Hanoi, Vietnam.
Spain	16 November 1951	See Cambodia–Spain relations Cambodia is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France. Spain is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.
Switzerland	1957 [66]	Switzerland recognized Cambodia in 1957, and the two countries have maintained diplomatic relations since 1963. Bilateral relations between Cambodia and Switzerland are good. Switzerland supports the transition process and development efforts in Cambodia. Trade between the two countries is marginal. [66]
Ukraine	23 April 1992	See Cambodia–Ukraine relations Cambodia is accredited to Ukraine from its embassy in Berlin, Germany. Ukraine is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Hanoi, Vietnam.
United Kingdom	1952 1976 (reestablished)	See Cambodia–United Kingdom relations Cambodia established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 5 May 1952. Cambodia maintains an embassy in London. [67] The United Kingdom is accredited to Cambodia through its embassy in Phnom Penh. [68] Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership. [69]

Oceania

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Australia	1950s [70]	See Australia–Cambodia relations Australia has an embassy in Phnom Penh. Cambodia has an embassy in Canberra. [45]

Country with no relations

There are 17 countries that haven't establish any diplomatic relations with Cambodia:

•   Afghanistan
•   Bahamas
•   Bhutan
•   Botswana
•   Central African Republic
•   Haiti
•   Kiribati
•   Lesotho
•   Saint Lucia
•   Sao Tome and Principe
•   Tonga
•   Trinidad and Tobago

See also

• List of diplomatic missions in Cambodia
• List of diplomatic missions of Cambodia

References

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27. Current Background, Issues 999-1003. American Consulate General, 4 Mar 1974. 1974. p. 18.
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Further reading

• Deth, Sok Udom, and Serkan Bulut, eds. Cambodia's Foreign Relations in Regional and Global Contexts (Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, 2017; comprehensive coverage) full book online free ^{[ dead link ‍]}.
  • Path Kosal, "Introduction: Cambodia's Political History and Foreign Relations, 1945-1998" pp 1–26
• Acharya, Amitav. The Making of Southeast Asia: International Relations of A Region (Cornell UP, 2012)
• Chandler, David. The Tragedy of Cambodian History: Politics, War, and Revolution since 1945 (Yale UP, 1991)
• Ciorciari, John D. "Cambodia in 2019: Backing Further into a Corner." Asian Survey 60.1 (2020): 125–131. online
• Clymer, Kenton. Troubled Relations: The United States and Cambodia since 1870 (Northern Illinois UP, 2007).
• Leighton, Marian Kirsch. "Perspectives on the Vietnam-Cambodia border conflict." Asian Survey 18.5 (1978): 448–457. online
• Leng, Thearith. "2016: A Promising Year for Cambodia?." Southeast Asian Affairs (2017): 133–146. online
• Morris, Stephen J. Why Vietnam invaded Cambodia: Political culture and the causes of war (Stanford University Press, 1999).
• Peou, Sorpong. "Cambodia in 2018: a year of setbacks and successes." Southeast Asian Affairs 2019.1 (2019): 104–119. online
• Richardson, Sophie. China, Cambodia and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence (Columbia UP, 2010)
• Smith, Roger. Cambodia's Foreign Policy (Cornell UP, 1965).
• Un, Kheang, and Jing Jing Luo. "Cambodia in 2019: Entrenching One-Party Rule and Asserting National Sovereignty in the Era of Shifting Global Geopolitics." Southeast Asian Affairs 2020.1 (2020): 117–134. online
• Westad, Odd Arne, and Sophie Quinn-Judge, eds. The third Indochina war: conflict between China, Vietnam and Cambodia, 1972-79 (Routledge, 2006).
• Womack, Brantly. "Asymmetry and systemic misperception: China, Vietnam and Cambodia during the 1970s." Journal of Strategic Studies 26.2 (2003): 92-119 online.

External links

• Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation
• US Department of State: Foreign relations with Southeast Asia 1961–63
• Foreign relations between Cambodia and Germany
• Japan-Cambodia Relations
• List of foreign embassies in Cambodia
• Foreign relations between Cambodia and Australia
• AsiaSociety: essays relating to the development of Cambodia