Khmer jewellery originated in the Khmer Empire. Khmer jewellery has been produced since the 6th or 7th century. Jayavarman VII, while he was an influential figure who established the different trends in Khmer jewellery, is famously represented without any at all in the seated position. The amount of jewellery acquired in Cambodia traditionally established a person's identity and status. Khmer jewellery consists of a diverse variety of styles and fashions. These styles can be categorised into three distinct groups: royal jewellery, wedding jewellery and the jewellery for the Cambodian Royal Ballet.
In Cambodian society, gold is a symbol of power, status, authority, wealth, and loyalty.
Khmer jewellery is an element of national pride and identity. A special exhibition, called “Ancient Khmer Jewelry and Ornaments: Gold and Silver Masterpieces of the Collections of the National Museum of Cambodia”, was exhibited for one month from January 4 to February 3, 2018, at the National Museum of Cambodia, with "artifacts [which] underscore Cambodia's glorious, long-lasting civilisation which was once a past empire in Asia". [1]
Jewelries were found in Cambodia since in prehistoric time especially the recent discoveries of prehistoric sites in Prey Veng and in Banteay Meanchey province. According to the scientific datation of the artifacts in association with silver jewelries from Prohear site in Prey Veng, silver jewelries can be dated to around 200 years B.C. [2]
Gold, silver, platinum, bronze, bronze, beads, gems were used by the ancient Khmer people to make jewelry for body decoration to enhance aesthetics. Khmer designed a variety of jewelry artifacts, still exhibited in the National Museum of Cambodia. Cambodian stoned statues adorned with carved jewels are evidence a rich diversity of jewellery made of gold, silver, bronze and gems. In Angkorian bas-reliefs, while certain devatas have little or no jewelry, they are in the minority and most possess extremely varied ornaments. [3] Even in cases where they do not wear any ornaments, their earlobes are always elongated. An example is the Narayan statue erected during the reign of Udayadityavarman II in 1060. The statue is adorned with a set of jewels made of gold and with many precious stones, including crowns, earrings, and necklaces. Angkorian civilization also left behind a number of Khmer inscriptions recording the donation of jewelry as offerings. [4]
When, in 1922, George Groslier strived to create the École des arts cambodgiens, which is now the Royal University of Fine Arts, jewellery was one of the six disciplines taught in order to renew Cambian crafts and skills. [5] Through the Colonial exhibition in Marseille in 1922, Khmer jewellery won international fame and would soon be on sale in Parisian boutiques. [6]
Traditional Khmer jewellery remains popular in contemporary Cambodia. However, various new items of jewellery have become popular since the end of the Cambodian Civil War as recycling of weapons of war and bullets. Thus, Khmer jewellers produces unique jewellery pieces that have been fashioned from recycled bullet casings remaining from the days of war. The metal from the casing is melted down and sculptured into the works of art. [7]
The rulers of the Khmer Empire distinguished themselves the refinement of their jewellery, to which they gave special care and attention. Thus, a Khmer inscription in Pali language dating from King Indravarman III who climbed on the throne in 1296 AD mentions a pious laywoman named Sirimâlmïratanalakkhï, endowed with faith and other virtues, guardian of the royal jewellery. [8] Khmer royal jewellery is usually composed of five elements: the royal crown, the royal sword, the royal dagger, the royal sash, and the two royal bracelets on the arms.
During royal cremations, the full royal jewellery is worn by the deceased king: the plaque of the belt made of a gold buckle with the royal arms named kabal khme khat, four gold buttons attached to the read and gold jacket, a double gold sash decorated with diamonds that cross each other on the chest, two bracelets called kang thap on the arms, the forearm bracelets called kang nak preas hast, and rings adorned with diamonds on the fingers and a pair of sandals made of solid gold named preas sopea beat. [9]
Dancers of the Cambodian Royal Ballet wear specific jewellery which closely resembles royal jewellery.
According to the Khmer wedding tradition, clothing and apparel is formal, and the jewellery worn, inspired from royal jewellery, is stereotyped.
The most refined element of Cambodian jewellery is the crown which is worn both by the Kings and Queens, and by the dancers of the Cambodian Royal Ballet, though they are more often worn by the latter.
Khmer bracelets are kondrom are worn on both ankles and wrists.
While swords are primarily weapons of defence, the Cambodian Royal Sword or Preah Khan Reach, has integrated the finest elements of Khmer jewellery to become a symbol of power.
Khmer architecture, also known as Angkorian architecture, is the architecture produced by the Khmers during the Angkor period of the Khmer Empire from approximately the later half of the 8th century CE to the first half of the 15th century CE.
Apsaras are a member of a class of celestial beings in Hindu and Buddhist culture. They were originally a type of female spirit of the clouds and waters, but, later play the role of a "nymph" or "fairy". They figure prominently in the sculptures, dance, literature and paintings of many South Asian and Southeast Asian cultures.
Articles related to Cambodia and Cambodian culture include:
The Royal Ballet of Cambodia is a cultural dance performance of Cambodia. One of its earliest records is from the 7th century, when they were performed during regal funeral rites.
The Royal Palace of Cambodia is a complex of buildings which serves as the official royal residence of the King of Cambodia. Its full name in Khmer is the Preah Barom Reacheaveang Chaktomuk Serey Mongkol. The Cambodian monarchs have occupied it since it was built in the 1866s, with a period of absence when the country came into turmoil during and after the reign of the Khmer Rouge.
The National Museum of Cambodia is Cambodia's largest museum of cultural history and is the country's leading historical and archaeological museum. It is located in Chey Chumneas, Phnom Penh.
The Silver Pagoda is located on the south side of the Royal Palace in Chey Chumneas, Phnom Penh. The official name is Wat Ubaosoth Ratanaram, also known as Wat Preah Keo Morakot which is commonly shortened to Wat Preah Keo in Khmer.
The history of Cambodian art stretches back centuries to ancient times, but the most famous period is undoubtedly the Khmer art of the Khmer Empire (802–1431), especially in the area around Angkor and the 12th-century temple-complex of Angkor Wat, initially Hindu and subsequently Buddhist. After the collapse of the empire, these and other sites were abandoned and overgrown, allowing much of the era's stone carving and architecture to survive to the present day. Traditional Cambodian arts and crafts include textiles, non-textile weaving, silversmithing, stone carving, lacquerware, ceramics, wat murals, and kite-making.
Kbach or Khmer ornamentation is made of traditional decorative elements of Cambodian architecture. While 'kbach' may refer to any sort of art-form style in the Khmer language, such as a gesture in Khmer classical dance, kbach rachana specifically refers to decorative ornament motifs. Kbach are also used in decorating of Cambodian silver crafts, furniture, regalia, murals, pottery, ceramics, stone carving, in a singular artistic expression:
the exceptional advantage that the Khmers have drawn from nature and the human experience as the universal framework of any aesthetic experience has contributed to rendering in the kbach one of the most remarkable traits of human genius, that of artistic expression.
Robam Moni Mekhala sometimes known as Robam Moni Mekhala and Ream Eyso is a traditional Cambodian dance. It is a rain dance that explores the Cambodian myth of thunder, lightning, and rain associated with Hindu and Buddhist mythology. Most of the time, this dance depicts the fight between Reamesor and Moni Mekhala where Reamesor or Ream Eyso attempts to seize the magical crystal ball from Moni Mekhala and this fighting creates a storm.
Khmer traditional clothing refers to the traditional styles of dress worn by the Khmer people from ancient times to the present.
Sbai or phaa biang is a shawl-like garment or breast cloth worn in mainland Southeast Asia. Sbai is worn by women as a silk breast wrapper in Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand, while in coastal Sumatra, Borneo and Malay peninsula, the same term is used to describe a shoulder cloth. The sbai was derived from the Indian sari, the end of which is worn over one shoulder.
Wat Althea, also called Prasat Vat Althea, is a 12th-century Hindu temple at Angkor, Cambodia with an active Buddhist temple and cemetery adjacent to the walled ancient structure.
Robam Sovann Maccha is a traditional Cambodian dance. It narrates the encounter of Hanuman and Sovann Maccha during the construction of the causeway to Lanka in Reamker, a Cambodian version of Indian epic Ramayana.
Robam Kenorei or Robam Kenor is one of Cambodian traditional dance depicting a group of benevolent half-human, half-bird creatures dancing in a lotus pond that frequently performed in the Royal Ballet of Cambodia.
The Angkor Borei Museum is a museum located in Angkor Borei, Cambodia. The museum is dedicated to preserving historical artifacts of Cambodian civilization.
Wat Vihear Suor is a Theravada Buddhist temple located in Kandal Province, Cambodia. It was built on an older pre-Buddhist cult site belonging to the Angkor era.
Somdach Veang Thiounn was a Cambodian state official of the Khmer nobility during the French protectorate of Cambodia who had a lasting influence on Khmer historiography through the Cambodian Royal Chronicles. While he has been described as the shogun of the French protectorate and a "comprador feudalist", others have praised his long service to the Kingdom of Cambodia, as "the epitome of the colonial subject who quickly saw how to turn the new regime to an advantage":
The Poem of Angkor Wat, is a Khmer poem which dates from the beginning of the 17th century. It celebrates Angkor Wat, the magnificent temple complex at Angkor and describes the bas-reliefs in the temple galleries that portray the Reamker. The Poem of Angkor Wat is considered to be the earliest original literary work in Khmer language. It is one of the two great epic poems of Cambodia with the Reamker in the style of the Indian epic poetry.
Events in the year 2023 in Cambodia.