The politics of Mongolia takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential multi-party representative democracy. Executive power is exercised by the government, which is headed by the prime minister. The president is the head of state, but holds limited authority over the executive branch of the government, unlike full presidential republics like the United States. Legislative power is vested in parliament. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
The Judicial Yuan is the judicial branch of the government of Taiwan. It runs a Constitutional Court and oversees all systems of courts of Taiwan, including ordinary courts like the supreme court, high courts, district courts as well as special courts like administrative courts and disciplinary courts. By Taiwanese law, the Judicial Yuan holds the following powers:
The prime minister of Mongolia is the head of government of Mongolia and heads the Government of Mongolia. The prime minister is appointed by the Mongolian parliament or the State Great Khural, and can be removed by the parliament with a vote of no confidence.
The president of Mongolia is the executive head of state of Mongolia. The current president is Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh.
The State Great Khural is the unicameral parliament of Mongolia. It is located in the Government Palace.
The president of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the head of state and executive authority in Uzbekistan. The office of President was established in 1991, replacing the position of Chairperson of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR, which had existed since 1925. The president is directly elected for a term of seven years, by citizens of Uzbekistan who have reached 18 years of age.
The current Constitution of Mongolia was adopted on 13 January 1992, put into force on 12 February, with amendments made in 1999, 2000, 2019 and 2023. The constitution established a representative democracy in Mongolia, enshrining core functions of the government, including the separation of powers and election cycle, and guaranteeing human rights including freedom of religion, travel, expression, private property. The document was written after the Mongolian Revolution of 1990, effectively dissolving the Mongolian People's Republic.
The Constitutional Court of Georgia is the constitutional court of Georgia, the country's judicial body of constitutional review, having the greatest significance with the view of securing constitutional provisions and separation of powers, and protecting human rights and freedoms.
The president of Latvia is head of state and commander-in-chief of the National Armed Forces of the Republic of Latvia.
The Supreme Court of Mongolia is the highest court in the judicial system of Mongolia, and is generally the court of last resort for non-constitutional matters. It is established by Article 48(1) of the Constitution of Mongolia. The 1992 Constitution states in Article 50(1) that "the Supreme Court shall be the highest judicial organ".
Gombojav Zandanshatar is a Mongolian politician. He is a member of the Mongolian People's Party, and served as Party General Secretary from 2012 to 2013.
The People's Khural (Parliament) of the Republic of Kalmykia is the regional parliament of Kalmykia, a federal subject of Russia. It consists of 27 deputies elected for five-year terms.
Administrative courts in Mongolia. The 1992 Constitution of Mongolia says: "The judicial system shall consist of the Supreme Court, Aimag (provincial) and capital city courts, Sum (county), inter-sum and district courts in Mongolia. Specialized courts such as criminal, civil and administrative courts may be formed. The activities and decisions of the specialized courts shall not but be under the supervision of the Supreme Court". This is the origin of the administrative courts, the first ever and only specialized courts in Mongolia. On December 26, 2002 the State Great Khural passed the Law on establishment of administrative court along with the Law on procedure for administrative cases in accordance with Article 48 (1) of the Constitution. It took almost ten years to convince the State Great Khural to pass this law with enormous work of lawyers and scholars, and the support of international organizations. The law of Mongolia on procedure for administrative cases entered into force on June 1, 2004. It is divided into two sections: first – procedure for administrative tribunal(s) and higher administrative officials to pre-decide the original act based on the complaint submitted by citizen or legal entity, second – procedure for administrative courts.
Administrative law in Mongolia is the body of law that governs the activities of administrative agencies of the Mongolian government. These activities include rulemaking, adjudication, or the enforcement of a specific regulatory agenda.
The Little Khural or State Little Khural was the presidium of the Mongolian People's Republic from 1924 until 1951 and then the standing legislature from 1990 to 1992.
Khaltmaagiin Battulga is a Mongolian politician and sambo wrestler who served as the 5th President of Mongolia from 2017 to 2021. He served as Member of the State Great Khural from 2004 to 2016 and Minister of Roads, Transportation, Construction and Urban Development from 2008 to 2012. Before his career in politics, Battulga was a sambo wrestling champion. He was the Democratic Party's candidate in the 2017 presidential election and was elected President with 50.6% in the run-off, the first-ever run-off election in modern Mongolian history. Mongolians are divided about his role in the 2019 Mongolian constitutional crisis. He elected as Member of the State Great Khural for the fourth time in 2024 parliamentary election.
The National Security Council of Mongolia is a consultative body to the Office of the President of Mongolia. It focuses mainly on briefing high ranking national security and/or political figures on the state of internal and external threats in Mongolia. It also advises the President in his/her orders to the Mongolian Armed Forces under the Ministry of Defense and the National Police Agency under the Ministry of Justice and Internal Affairs. The NSC is affiliated with the larger Security and Foreign Policy Council and the Information and Analytical Council, the latter of which is composed of former politicians, military leaders, diplomats, and academics and intellectual experts.
Uchral Nyam-Osor, a Mongolian politician and businessman, has been a member of the State Great Khural since 2016 and is among the leaders of the Mongolian People's Party, the oldest political party in Mongolia. Nyam-Osor also serves as President of the Social Democracy-Mongolian Youth federation, the largest youth political organization of Mongolia since 2019. He has been serving as a member of the IPU’s Standing Committee on United Nations Affairs. Nyam-Osor is the heir of the Khunnu group companies, which owns Ikh Zasag International University and other businesses in Mongolia.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 24 June 2020. The result was a victory for the ruling Mongolian People's Party, which won 62 of the 76 seats, a slight decrease from the 65 won in the 2016 elections.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 28 June 2024 to determine the composition of the State Great Khural. The number of parliamentarians increased from 76 to 126, following a constitutional amendment from 2023.
