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The foreign relations of Romania is the policy arm of the government of Romania which guides its interactions with other nations, their citizens, and foreign organizations, as well as its status as a member of the European Union (EU), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and other key international organizations. Since the end of the Cold War and the 1989 Romanian Revolution, Romania has pursued a foreign policy centered on Euro-Atlantic integration, joining NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007. Prioritizing multilateralism, collective security, and democratic values, Romania maintains active diplomatic relations with neighboring states, including Ukraine, Moldova, Hungary, and Bulgaria, while fostering regional cooperation through initiatives such as the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) and the Three Seas Initiative.
Romania is classified by scholars and international relations experts as a middle power, [1] [2] a designation reflecting its moderate but influential role in international relations [3] and regional relations. Analysts highlight Romania's strategic geographic position, [4] growing economic capacity, and active participation in multilateral institutions as key factors underpinning this status. [5] [6]
List of countries which Romania maintains diplomatic relations with: [7]
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# | Country | Date |
1 | ![]() | 24 October 1878 |
2 | ![]() | 26 April 1879 |
3 | ![]() | 27 July 1879 |
4 | ![]() | 26 December 1879 |
5 | ![]() | 9 January 1880 |
6 | ![]() | 12 February 1880 |
7 | ![]() | 20 February 1880 |
8 | ![]() | 20 February 1880 |
9 | ![]() | 29 March 1880 |
10 | ![]() | 14 June 1880 |
11 | ![]() | 5 July 1881 |
12 | ![]() | 18 June 1902 |
13 | ![]() | 24 July 1902 |
14 | ![]() | 1 April 1906 |
15 | ![]() | 18 December 1910 |
16 | ![]() | 9 May 1911 |
17 | ![]() | 28 December 1913 |
18 | ![]() | 18 March 1916 |
19 | ![]() | 26 April 1917 |
20 | ![]() | 3 May 1917 |
21 | ![]() | 25 August 1917 |
22 | ![]() | 6 April 1919 |
23 | ![]() | 22 June 1919 [8] |
24 | ![]() | 28 June 1920 |
25 | ![]() | 27 August 1920 |
26 | ![]() | 21 August 1920 |
27 | ![]() | 20 April 1924 [9] |
28 | ![]() | 5 February 1925 |
29 | ![]() | 13 April 1927 |
— | ![]() | 10 May 1927 |
30 | ![]() | 7 January 1928 |
31 | ![]() | 12 March 1928 |
— | ![]() | December 1932 |
32 | ![]() | 24 July 1935 |
33 | ![]() | 26 July 1935 |
34 | ![]() | 30 December 1935 |
35 | ![]() | 10 October 1939 |
36 | ![]() | 11 June 1948 |
37 | ![]() | 26 October 1948 |
38 | ![]() | 14 December 1948 |
39 | ![]() | 5 October 1949 |
40 | ![]() | 3 February 1950 |
41 | ![]() | 20 February 1950 |
42 | ![]() | 29 April 1950 |
43 | ![]() | 9 August 1955 |
44 | ![]() | 17 January 1956 |
45 | ![]() | 15 March 1956 |
46 | ![]() | 16 May 1956 |
47 | ![]() | 2 July 1957 |
48 | ![]() | 15 September 1957 |
49 | ![]() | 17 December 1957 |
50 | ![]() | 5 June 1958 |
51 | ![]() | 14 August 1958 |
52 | ![]() | 14 November 1958 |
53 | ![]() | 13 November 1960 |
54 | ![]() | 1 December 1960 |
55 | ![]() | 10 August 1961 |
56 | ![]() | 20 February 1962 [10] |
57 | ![]() | 16 April 1962 |
58 | ![]() | 29 June 1962 |
59 | ![]() | 28 November 1962 |
60 | ![]() | 10 January 1963 |
61 | ![]() | 10 June 1963 |
62 | ![]() | 16 December 1963 |
63 | ![]() | 15 January 1964 |
64 | ![]() | 5 May 1964 |
65 | ![]() | 15 October 1964 |
66 | ![]() | 6 January 1965 |
67 | ![]() | 15 January 1965 |
68 | ![]() | 2 April 1965 |
69 | ![]() | 10 July 1965 |
70 | ![]() | 15 July 1965 |
71 | ![]() | 5 November 1965 |
72 | ![]() | 21 August 1966 |
73 | ![]() | 14 October 1966 |
74 | ![]() | 12 November 1966 |
75 | ![]() | 31 January 1967 [11] |
76 | ![]() | 4 April 1967 |
77 | ![]() | 18 May 1967 |
78 | ![]() | 30 May 1967 |
79 | ![]() | 15 November 1967 |
80 | ![]() | 6 February 1968 |
81 | ![]() | 18 March 1968 |
82 | ![]() | 13 April 1968 |
83 | ![]() | 20 April 1968 |
84 | ![]() | 28 May 1968 |
85 | ![]() | 7 June 1968 |
86 | ![]() | 22 June 1968 |
87 | ![]() | 8 August 1968 |
88 | ![]() | 10 September 1968 |
89 | ![]() | 12 November 1968 |
90 | ![]() | 22 March 1969 |
91 | ![]() | 27 April 1969 |
92 | ![]() | 20 June 1969 |
93 | ![]() | 15 July 1969 |
94 | ![]() | 13 October 1969 |
95 | ![]() | 18 October 1969 |
96 | ![]() | 14 May 1970 |
97 | ![]() | 4 July 1970 |
98 | ![]() | 12 January 1971 |
99 | ![]() | 30 July 1971 |
100 | ![]() | 5 October 1971 |
101 | ![]() | 7 October 1971 |
102 | ![]() | 28 February 1972 |
103 | ![]() | 9 March 1972 |
104 | ![]() | 30 April 1972 |
105 | ![]() | 29 June 1972 |
106 | ![]() | 21 September 1972 |
107 | ![]() | 25 November 1972 |
108 | ![]() | 1 June 1973 |
109 | ![]() | 20 June 1973 |
110 | ![]() | 11 July 1973 |
111 | ![]() | 16 November 1973 |
112 | ![]() | 14 February 1974 |
113 | ![]() | 1 May 1974 |
114 | ![]() | 25 June 1974 |
115 | ![]() | 21 August 1974 |
116 | ![]() | 3 April 1975 |
117 | ![]() | 1 May 1975 |
118 | ![]() | 25 June 1975 |
119 | ![]() | 12 July 1975 |
120 | ![]() | 15 August 1975 |
121 | ![]() | 17 September 1975 |
122 | ![]() | 25 November 1975 |
123 | ![]() | 19 December 1975 |
124 | ![]() | 19 May 1976 |
125 | ![]() | 30 June 1976 |
126 | ![]() | 12 August 1976 |
127 | ![]() | 1 September 1977 |
128 | ![]() | 18 June 1978 |
129 | ![]() | 6 January 1979 |
130 | ![]() | 31 October 1979 |
131 | ![]() | 15 November 1979 |
132 | ![]() | 17 December 1979 |
133 | ![]() | 18 April 1980 |
134 | ![]() | 9 May 1980 |
135 | ![]() | 25 July 1984 |
136 | ![]() | 15 July 1985 |
— | ![]() | February 1989 |
137 | ![]() | 1 August 1989 |
138 | ![]() | 21 March 1990 |
139 | ![]() | 30 March 1990 |
140 | ![]() | 18 April 1990 |
141 | ![]() | 22 October 1990 |
142 | ![]() | 7 December 1990 |
143 | ![]() | 12 December 1990 |
144 | ![]() | 1 February 1991 |
145 | ![]() | 27 August 1991 |
146 | ![]() | 13 September 1991 [12] |
147 | ![]() | 13 September 1991 [13] |
148 | ![]() | 13 September 1991 [14] |
149 | ![]() | 21 November 1991 |
150 | ![]() | 17 December 1991 |
151 | ![]() | 1 February 1992 |
152 | ![]() | 14 February 1992 |
153 | ![]() | 28 May 1992 |
154 | ![]() | 15 June 1992 |
155 | ![]() | 19 June 1992 |
156 | ![]() | 25 June 1992 |
157 | ![]() | 15 July 1992 |
158 | ![]() | 20 July 1992 |
159 | ![]() | 21 July 1992 |
160 | ![]() | 27 August 1992 |
161 | ![]() | 28 August 1992 |
162 | ![]() | 1 January 1993 |
163 | ![]() | 25 March 1993 |
164 | ![]() | 24 November 1993 |
165 | ![]() | 15 April 1994 |
166 | ![]() | 11 January 1995 |
167 | ![]() | 13 March 1995 |
168 | ![]() | 20 June 1995 |
169 | ![]() | 6 October 1995 |
170 | ![]() | 29 January 1996 |
171 | ![]() | 29 February 1996 |
172 | ![]() | 6 June 1996 |
173 | ![]() | 12 December 1997 |
174 | ![]() | 20 December 2002 |
175 | ![]() | 22 May 2003 |
176 | ![]() | 2 March 2006 |
177 | ![]() | 12 May 2006 |
178 | ![]() | 9 August 2006 |
179 | ![]() | 18 June 2007 |
180 | ![]() | 19 March 2008 [15] |
181 | ![]() | 30 January 2009 |
182 | ![]() | 25 June 2009 |
183 | ![]() | 1 February 2011 |
184 | ![]() | 2 March 2011 |
185 | ![]() | 17 April 2013 |
186 | ![]() | 16 February 2018 |
187 | ![]() | 5 April 2018 |
188 | ![]() | 1 June 2018 |
189 | ![]() | 9 July 2018 [16] |
190 | ![]() | 5 February 2019 [17] |
191 | ![]() | 11 April 2023 [17] |
Organization | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
![]() | See 2007 enlargement of the European Union Romania joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 2007. | |
![]() | See Romania in NATO Romania joined NATO as a full member on 29 March 2004. |
Romania joined the European Union (EU) on January 1, 2007.
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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![]() | 1878-09-23 | See Austria–Romania relations
|
![]() | 1879-07-28 | See Bulgaria–Romania relations |
![]() | 1941-05-13 | See Croatia–Romania relations |
![]() | 1917-04-26 | See Denmark–Romania relations
|
![]() | 1920-06-28 | See Finland–Romania relations
|
![]() | 1880-02-20 | See France–Romania relations
|
![]() | 1880-02-20 | See Germany–Romania relations |
![]() | 1880-01-08 | See Greece–Romania relations
|
![]() | 1920-08-21 | See Hungary–Romania relations |
![]() | 1990-04-18 | See Ireland–Romania relations |
![]() | 1879-12-06 | See Italy–Romania relations |
![]() | 1924-08-21 | See Lithuania–Romania relations |
![]() | 1880-01-24 | See Netherlands–Romania relations
|
![]() | 1919-02-22 | See Poland–Romania relations
|
![]() | 1917-08-31 | See Portugal–Romania relations
|
![]() | 1993-01-01 | See Romania–Slovakia relations |
![]() | 1992-08-28 | See Romania–Slovenia relations
|
![]() | 1881-07-05 | See Romania–Spain relations
|
![]() | 1916-03-18 | See Romania–Sweden relations
|
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
![]() | 1913-12-28 | See Albania–Romania relations |
![]() | 1991-12-17 | See Armenia–Romania relations
|
![]() | 1992-02-14 | See Belarus–Romania relations |
![]() | 1996-03-01 | See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Romania relations |
![]() | 1921-02-18 | See Georgia–Romania relations |
![]() | 1920-06-12 | See Holy See–Romania relations |
![]() | See Moldova–Romania relations | |
![]() | 2006-08-09 | See Montenegro–Romania relations |
![]() | 1917-05-03 | See Norway–Romania relations |
![]() | 1878-10-12 | See Romania–Russia relations |
![]() | 1841-04-19 [19] | See Romania–Serbia relations Danubian Principalities of Wallachia and Serbia were de facto the first states to recognize each other's diplomatic networks – already by the end of 1830s, as both monarchies strived for formal independence from the Ottoman Empire. [20] [21] Following their recognition as independent states, on 14/26 April 1879 the Romanian diplomatic agency in Belgrade became a legation, having Lascăr Catargiu as its first resident minister. [22] |
![]() | 1992 | See Foreign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta |
![]() | 1911-05-09 | See Romania–Switzerland relations [24] |
![]() | 1879-10-22 | See Romania–Turkey relations [25] |
![]() | 1918-02-09 | See Romania–Ukraine relations |
![]() | 1880-02-20 | See Romania–United Kingdom relations Romania established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 20 February 1880. [26]
Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OSCE, and the World Trade Organization. |
Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
---|---|---|
![]() | 1958-06-05 | See Foreign relations of Afghanistan |
![]() | 1992-06-19 | See Azerbaijan–Romania relations
|
![]() | 1949-10-05 | See China–Romania relations |
![]() | 1902-07-24 | See Iran–Romania relations |
![]() | 1958-08-14 | See Iraq–Romania relations |
![]() | 1948-06-11 | See Israel–Romania relations |
![]() | 1948-10-26 | See North Korea–Romania relations
|
![]() | 1965-01-06 | See Lebanon–Romania relations |
![]() | 1969-03-22 | See Malaysia–Romania relations |
![]() | 1988-11-17 | See Romania–Palestine relations |
![]() | 1964-10-15 | See Pakistan–Romania relations |
![]() | 1972-03-10 | See Philippines–Romania relations |
![]() | 1995-03-13 | See Romania–Saudi Arabia relations |
![]() | 1967-05-30 [31] | See Foreign relations of Singapore In February 2002 the Romanian president Ion Iliescu made an official visit to Singapore. [32] In March 2002 Romania and Singapore signed a double-taxation agreement. [33] In November 2008, Singapore signed an open skies agreement (OSA) with Romania to allow greater flexibility on air services. [34] In 2000, trade between Romania and Singapore was US$15.5 million, roughly balanced. [31] The Romanian market, with a relatively cheap and skilled labor force and advantageous tax laws, has been attractive to several Singapore companies who have established joint ventures in Romania. Forte, created in 1990 as a Romanian-Singapore joint venture for computer assembly, is an example. [35] (However, in 2006 Forte was acquired by Siemens. [36] )
|
![]() | 30 March 1990 [38] | See Romania–South Korea relations
|
![]() | 1957-09-15 | See Romania–Sri Lanka relations |
![]() | 1955-08-09 | See Romania–Syria relations |
![]() | 1973-06-01 | See Foreign relations of Thailand |
![]() | 1995-10-06 | See Romania–Uzbekistan relations |
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
![]() | 1962-02-20 | See Morocco–Romania relations |
![]() | 1963-12-16 | See Romania–Tunisia relations |
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
![]() | 1969-07-15 | See Chad–Romania relations |
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
![]() | 1968-06-22 | See Foreign relations of Kenya Romania opened its embassy in Kenya in 1974. |
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
![]() | 1919-08-19 | See Canada–Romania relations |
![]() | 1935-07-20 | See Mexico–Romania relations
|
![]() | 1880-06-14 [44] | See Romania–United States relations Although diplomatic relations between the two countries started in 1880, the United States recognized Romania's independence on October 14, 1878. The relations were severed between 1941 and 1946 and remained strained until the 1960s. The bilateral relations began improving after the fall of communism in Romania.
|
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
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![]() | 1931-04-24 | See Argentina–Romania relations
|
![]() | 1928-01-07 | See Brazil–Romania relations
|
![]() | 1925-02-05 | See Chile–Romania relations |
![]() | 1939-10-10 | |
![]() | 1925-07-24 | See Romania–Uruguay relations
|
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
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![]() | 1968-03-18 | See Australia–Romania relations Romania and Australia have concluded an Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement, signed in 1994, a Trade and Economic Agreement (signed with full effect for Australia in July 2002 and for Romania in January 2003) and an Agreement for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion, signed in 2001. [45] |
Romania is a member of the following international organisations: