Foreign relations of Romania

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The foreign relations of Romania are conducted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ministerul Afacerilor Externe; MAE). Romania is a member of the European Union and NATO.

Contents

Diplomatic list

List of countries which Romania maintains diplomatic relations with (all UN member states except Bhutan):

Diplomatic relations of Romania.svg
#CountryDate [1]
1Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 24 October 1878
2Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 26 April 1879
3Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 27 July 1879
4Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 26 December 1879
5Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 9 January 1880
6Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 12 February 1880
7Flag of France.svg  France 20 February 1880
8Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 20 February 1880
9Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 29 March 1880
10Flag of the United States.svg  United States 14 June 1880
11Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 5 July 1881
12Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 18 June 1902
13Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 24 July 1902
14Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 1 April 1906
15Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 18 December 1910
16Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 9 May 1911
17Flag of Albania.svg  Albania 28 December 1913
18Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 18 March 1916
19Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 26 April 1917
20Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 3 May 1917
21Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 25 August 1917
22Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 6 April 1919
23Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 22 June 1919 [2]
24Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 28 June 1920
25Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 27 August 1920
26Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 21 August 1920
27Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 20 April 1924 [3]
28Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 5 February 1925
29Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 13 April 1927
Flag of the Vatican City - 2001 version.svg  Holy See 10 May 1927
30Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 7 January 1928
31Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 12 March 1928
Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg  Sovereign Military Order of Malta December 1932
32Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 24 July 1935
33Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 26 July 1935
34Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela 30 December 1935
35Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 10 October 1939
36Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 11 June 1948
37Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea 26 October 1948
38Flag of India.svg  India 14 December 1948
39Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 5 October 1949
40Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 3 February 1950
41Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 20 February 1950
42Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia 29 April 1950
43Flag of Syria.svg  Syria 9 August 1955
44Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan 17 January 1956
45Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar 15 March 1956
46Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 16 May 1956
47Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia 2 July 1957
48Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka 15 September 1957
49Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen 17 December 1957
50Flag of Afghanistan (2013-2021).svg  Afghanistan 5 June 1958
51Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq 14 August 1958
52Flag of Guinea.svg  Guinea 14 November 1958
53Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus 13 November 1960
54Flag of Mali.svg  Mali 1 December 1960
55Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana 10 August 1961
56Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria 16 April 1962
57Flag of Benin.svg  Benin 29 June 1962
58Flag of Laos.svg  Laos 28 November 1962
59Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia 10 January 1963
60Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 10 June 1963
61Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia 16 December 1963
62Flag of Sierra Leone.svg  Sierra Leone 15 January 1964
63Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania 5 May 1964
64Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 15 October 1964
65Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon 6 January 1965
66Flag of Mauritania.svg  Mauritania 15 January 1965
67Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan 2 April 1965
68Flag of Somalia.svg  Somalia 10 July 1965
69Flag of Rwanda.svg  Rwanda 15 July 1965
70Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal 5 November 1965
71Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Republic of the Congo 21 August 1966
72Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Democratic Republic of the Congo 14 October 1966
73Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria 12 November 1966
74Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 31 January 1967 [4]
75Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 4 April 1967
76Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Ivory Coast 18 May 1967
77Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 30 May 1967
78Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 15 November 1967
79Flag of the Central African Republic.svg  Central African Republic 6 February 1968
80Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 20 February 1968
81Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 18 March 1968
82Flag of Burkina Faso.svg  Burkina Faso 13 April 1968
83Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal 20 April 1968
84Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia 28 May 1968
85Flag of Malta.svg  Malta 7 June 1968
86Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya 22 June 1968
87Flag of Burundi.svg  Burundi 8 August 1968
88Flag of Madagascar.svg  Madagascar 10 September 1968
89Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador 12 November 1968
90Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 22 March 1969
91Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda 27 April 1969
92Flag of Niger.svg  Niger 20 June 1969
93Flag of Chad.svg  Chad 15 July 1969
94Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 13 October 1969
95Flag of Bolivia.svg  Bolivia 18 October 1969
96Flag of Cameroon.svg  Cameroon 14 May 1970
97Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica 4 July 1970
98Flag of Togo (3-2).svg  Togo 12 January 1971
99Flag of The Gambia.svg  Gambia 30 July 1971
100Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 5 October 1971
101Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana 7 October 1971
102Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 28 February 1972
103Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg  Equatorial Guinea 9 March 1972
104Flag of Liberia.svg  Liberia 30 April 1972
105Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh 29 June 1972
106Flag of Gabon.svg  Gabon 21 September 1972
107Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago 25 November 1972
108Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 1 June 1973
109Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana 20 June 1973
110Flag of Honduras.svg  Honduras 11 July 1973
111Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg  Guinea-Bissau 16 November 1973
112Flag of Libya.svg  Libya 14 February 1974
113Flag of Oman.svg  Oman 1 May 1974
114Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius 25 June 1974
115Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica 21 August 1974
116Flag of Grenada.svg  Grenada 3 April 1975
117Flag of Lesotho.svg  Lesotho 1 May 1975
118Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique 25 June 1975
119Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg  São Tomé and Príncipe 12 July 1975
120Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji 15 August 1975
121Flag of Cape Verde.svg  Cape Verde 17 September 1975
122Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname 25 November 1975
123Flag of Angola.svg  Angola 19 December 1975
124Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg  Papua New Guinea 19 May 1976
125Flag of Seychelles.svg  Seychelles 30 June 1976
126Flag of the Comoros.svg  Comoros 12 August 1976
127Flag of Barbados.svg  Barbados 1 September 1977
128Flag of Djibouti.svg  Djibouti 18 June 1978
129Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua 6 January 1979
130Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives 31 October 1979
131Flag of Saint Lucia.svg  Saint Lucia 15 November 1979
132Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador 17 December 1979
133Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe 18 April 1980
134Flag of Haiti.svg  Haiti 9 May 1980
135Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic 25 July 1984
136Flag of Malawi.svg  Malawi 15 July 1985
Flag of Palestine.svg  State of Palestine February 1989
137Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 1 August 1989
138Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia 21 March 1990
139Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 30 March 1990
140Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 18 April 1990
141Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar 22 October 1990
142Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala 7 December 1990
143Flag of Eswatini.svg  Eswatini 12 December 1990
144Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain 1 February 1991
145Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova 27 August 1991
146Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 13 September 1991 [5]
147Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 13 September 1991 [6]
148Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 13 September 1991 [7]
149Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 21 November 1991
150Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia 17 December 1991
151Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 1 February 1992
152Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus 14 February 1992
153Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay 28 May 1992
154Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg  Kyrgyzstan 15 June 1992
155Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan 19 June 1992
156Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 25 June 1992
157Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 15 July 1992
158Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan 20 July 1992
159Flag of Turkmenistan.svg  Turkmenistan 21 July 1992
160Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 27 August 1992
161Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 28 August 1992
162Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 1 January 1993
163Flag of Belize.svg  Belize 25 March 1993
164Flag of Eritrea.svg  Eritrea 24 November 1993
165Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei 15 April 1994
166Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia 11 January 1995
167Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 13 March 1995
168Flag of San Marino.svg  San Marino 20 June 1995
169Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan 6 October 1995
170Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg  Marshall Islands 29 January 1996
171Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina 29 February 1996
172Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra 6 June 1996
173Flag of Liechtenstein.svg  Liechtenstein 12 December 1997
174Flag of East Timor.svg  Timor-Leste 20 December 2002
175Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 22 May 2003
176Flag of Samoa.svg  Samoa 2 March 2006
177Flag of Tuvalu.svg  Tuvalu 12 May 2006
178Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 9 August 2006
179Flag of the Bahamas.svg  Bahamas 18 June 2007
180Flag of Monaco.svg  Monaco 19 March 2008 [8]
181Flag of Dominica.svg  Dominica 30 January 2009
182Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg  Saint Kitts and Nevis 25 June 2009
183Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg  Solomon Islands 1 February 2011
184Flag of Nauru.svg  Nauru 2 March 2011
185Flag of South Sudan.svg  South Sudan 17 April 2013
186Flag of Palau.svg  Palau 16 February 2018
187Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg  Antigua and Barbuda 5 April 2018
188Flag of Vanuatu.svg  Vanuatu 1 June 2018
189Flag of Kiribati.svg  Kiribati 9 July 2018 [9]
190Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg  Federated States of Micronesia 5 February 2019 [10]
191Flag of Tonga.svg  Tonga 11 April 2023 [10]

Relations by continent

Multilateral

OrganizationFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Europe.svg  European Union See 2007 enlargement of the European Union

Romania joined the European Union as a full member on 1 January 2007.

Flag of NATO.svg  NATO See Romania in NATO

Romania joined NATO as a full member on 29 March 2004.

Europe (Inside the European Union)

Romania joined the European Union (EU) on January 1, 2007.

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 1878-09-23See Austria–Romania relations
Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 1879-07-28See Bulgaria–Romania relations
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 1941-05-13See Croatia–Romania relations
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 1917-04-26See Denmark–Romania relations
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 1920-06-28See Finland–Romania relations
Flag of France.svg  France 1880-02-20See France–Romania relations
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 1880-02-20See Germany–Romania relations
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 1880-01-08See Greece–Romania relations
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 1920-08-21See Hungary–Romania relations
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 1990-04-18See Ireland–Romania relations
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 1879-12-06See Italy–Romania relations
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 1924-08-21See Lithuania–Romania relations
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 1880-01-24See Netherlands–Romania relations
  • The Netherlands has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Romania has an embassy in The Hague.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 1919-02-22See Poland–Romania relations
  • Poland has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Romania has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 1993-01-01See Romania–Slovakia relations
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 1992-08-28See Romania–Slovenia relations
  • Romania has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain [11] 1881-07-05See Romania–Spain relations
  • Romania has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 1916-03-18See Romania–Sweden relations

Europe (Outside of the European Union)

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Flag of Albania.svg  Albania 1913-12-28See Albania–Romania relations
Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia 1991-12-17See Armenia–Romania relations
  • Armenia has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Romania has an embassy in Yerevan.
  • Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe.
Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus 1992-02-14See Belarus–Romania relations
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina 1996-03-01See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Romania relations
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 1921-02-18See Georgia–Romania relations
Flag of the Vatican City - 2001 version.svg  Holy See 1920-06-12See Holy See–Romania relations
Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova See Moldova–Romania relations
Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 2006-08-09See Montenegro–Romania relations
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 1917-05-03See Norway–Romania relations
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 1878-10-12See Romania–Russia relations
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 1841-04-19 [12] See Romania–Serbia relations

Danubian Principalities of Wallachia and Serbia were de facto the first states to recognize each other's diplomatic networks – already by the end of 1830s, as both monarchies strived for formal independence from the Ottoman Empire. [13] [14] Following their recognition as independent states, on 14/26 April 1879 the Romanian diplomatic agency in Belgrade became a legation, having Lascăr Catargiu as its first resident minister. [15]

Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg  Sovereign Military Order of Malta [16] 1992See Foreign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
  • The diplomatic representation of Romania with SMOM is handled by the Romanian embassy in the Vatican (Holy See).
  • Sovereign Military Order of Malta has an embassy in Bucharest.
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 1911-05-09See Romania–Switzerland relations [17]
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 1879-10-22See Romania–Turkey relations [18]
  • Romania has an embassy in Ankara and consulates-general in Istanbul and İzmir.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Bucharest and consulates-general in Constanța.
  • Both countries are full members of NATO.
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 1918-02-09See Romania–Ukraine relations
  • Romania has an embassy in Kyiv.
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Romania is an EU member and Ukraine is an EU candidate.
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 1880-02-20See Romania–United Kingdom relations

Romania established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 20 February 1880. [19]

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OSCE, and the World Trade Organization.

Asia

CountryFormal relations beganNotes
Flag of the Taliban.svg  Afghanistan 1958-06-05See Foreign relations of Afghanistan
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan 1992-06-19See Azerbaijan–Romania relations
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 1949-10-05See China–Romania relations
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 1902-07-24See Iran–Romania relations
Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq 1958-08-14See Iraq–Romania relations
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 1948-06-11See Israel–Romania relations
Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea 1948-10-26See North Korea–Romania relations
Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon 1965-01-06See Lebanon–Romania relations
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Bucharest and an honorary consulate in Constanța. [23]
  • Romania has an embassy in Beirut an honorary consulate in Tripoli. [23]
Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 1969-03-22See Malaysia–Romania relations
Flag of Palestine.svg  Palestine 1988-11-17See Romania–Palestine relations
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 1964-10-15See Pakistan–Romania relations
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 1972-03-10See Philippines–Romania relations
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 1995-03-13See Romania–Saudi Arabia relations
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 1967-05-30 [24] See Foreign relations of Singapore

In February 2002 the Romanian president Ion Iliescu made an official visit to Singapore. [25] In March 2002 Romania and Singapore signed a double-taxation agreement. [26] In November 2008, Singapore signed an open skies agreement (OSA) with Romania to allow greater flexibility on air services. [27]

In 2000, trade between Romania and Singapore was US$15.5 million, roughly balanced. [24] The Romanian market, with a relatively cheap and skilled labor force and advantageous tax laws, has been attractive to several Singapore companies who have established joint ventures in Romania. Forte, created in 1990 as a Romanian-Singapore joint venture for computer assembly, is an example. [28] (However, in 2006 Forte was acquired by Siemens. [29] )

  • Romania has an embassy in Singapore. [30]
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 30 March 1990 [31] See Romania–South Korea relations
Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka 1957-09-15See Romania–Sri Lanka relations
  • Romania has an embassy in Colombo.
  • Sri Lanka has no diplomatic office in Romania. The Sri Lankan embassy in Warsaw, Poland, has concurrent accreditation to Romania.
Flag of Syria.svg  Syria 1955-08-09See Romania–Syria relations
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 1973-06-01See Foreign relations of Thailand
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan 1995-10-06See Romania–Uzbekistan relations

Africa: Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 1962-02-20See Morocco–Romania relations
Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia 1963-12-16See Romania–Tunisia relations

Africa: Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Chad.svg  Chad 1969-07-15See Chad–Romania relations

Africa: East African Community (EAC)

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya 1968-06-22See Foreign relations of Kenya

Romania opened its embassy in Kenya in 1974.

North America and the Caribbean

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 1919-08-19See Canada–Romania relations
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 1935-07-20See Mexico–Romania relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Romania has an embassy in Mexico City
Flag of the United States.svg  United States 1880-06-14 [37] See Romania–United States relations

Although diplomatic relations between the two countries started in 1880, the United States recognized Romania's independence on October 14, 1878. The relations were severed between 1941 and 1946 and remained strained until the 1960s. The bilateral relations began improving after the fall of communism in Romania.

South and Central America

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 1931-04-24See Argentina–Romania relations
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 1928-01-07See Brazil–Romania relations
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 1925-02-05See Chile–Romania relations
Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 1939-10-10
  • Romania has an embassy in Lima and an honorary consulate in Arequipa.
  • The Republic of Peru has an embassy and an honorary consulate, both in Bucharest.
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 1925-07-24See Romania–Uruguay relations
  • Romania has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • The Oriental Republic of Uruguay has an embassy in Bucharest.

Oceania

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 1968-03-18See Australia–Romania relations

Romania and Australia have concluded an Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement, signed in 1994, a Trade and Economic Agreement (signed with full effect for Australia in July 2002 and for Romania in January 2003) and an Agreement for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion, signed in 2001. [38]

  • Romania has an embassy in Canberra, [39] a general consulate in Sydney, and an honorary consulate in Melbourne.
  • The Commonwealth of Australia has no embassy in Romania, only an honorary consulate in Bucharest. The Australian embassy in Athens, Greece, is concurrently accredited to Romania.

International organisations

Romania is a member of the following international organisations:

See also

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References

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  3. British Documents on Atatürk, 1919-1938, Volume 6. 1973. pp. 270–272.
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  5. "Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia" (in Estonian). 30 January 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
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  7. "List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  8. "Rapport de Politique Extérieure 2007" (in French). p. 44. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  9. "Establishment of the diplomatic relations with the Republic of Kiribati" . Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  10. 1 2 "Diplomatic relations between Romania and ..." Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  11. See, Flaviu Vasile, Rus (2018). Relații culturale și diplomatice româno-spaniole. 1880-1936. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Mega. ISBN   978-606-543-930-6.
  12. [Reprezentanțele diplomatice ale României, vol. I, 1859–1917, București, 1967, pp. 130–134.
  13. Reprezentanțele diplomatice ale României, vol. I, 1859–1917, București, 1967, pp. 130–134.
  14. G.G. Florescu, "Agențiile diplomatice de la București și Belgrad (1863–1866)", în Romanoslavica XI/1965, pp. 126–131.
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