List of political parties in Romania

This article lists political parties in Romania. Romania has a democratic multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which a political party does not often have the chance of gaining parliamentary majority alone, and, thus, parties must work with each other to form coalition governments. The current system was established following the Romanian Revolution of 1989 and the adoption of a new constitution in 1991; prior to these events, Romania was a single-party state under the rulership of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR).

Since the early 1990s, Romanian politics saw a gradual decrease in the number of political parties entering the Parliament and a relative consolidation of existing ones along ideological lines. Major political parties can be roughly grouped into three main "families", more specifically liberal, social democratic, or conservative. ^[1] Extremist groups have a relatively low political profile in Romania, despite a surge in popularity of far-right and Eurosceptic political parties across many European Union (EU) countries during the 2010s. ^[2]

Party switching (Romanian : traseism politic) remains a very concerning and significant issue, however, as does widespread corruption, leading to an overall low level of public trust in political parties.^{[ citation needed ]} In December 2014 the level of trust stood at 12%. ^[3] To counter this perception, the two largest parties as of 2015 (namely the Social Democrats and the National Liberals) have allegedly initiated a series of internal reforms to strengthen their integrity criteria and impose disciplinary sanctions on party members investigated or convicted on corruption charges. ^{[4] [5] [6]}

Legal framework

Article 40 of the Constitution of Romania states that citizens can freely associate into political parties, with the exception of judges, military, and police personnel as well as other civil servants which are apolitical by law. ^[7] The same article bans political parties which campaign against political pluralism, the rule of law, and Romania's sovereignty and territorial integrity. Romania's party system is regulated by Law no. 14/2003 on political parties; the law initially mandated a list of 25,000 supporters, residing in at least 18 counties and the Municipality of Bucharest, for a political party to be formally registered.

Nevertheless, in February 2015, the unregistered Pirate Party of Romania (Romanian : Partidul Pirat din România) filed a complaint to the Constitutional Court, arguing that the list requirement is a violation of the constitutional provisions on freedom of association. The Court subsequently struck down the requirement as unconstitutional, and on 6 May 2015, the Romanian Parliament approved a modified version of the law, which allows the formation of a political party with 3 signatures. ^{[8] [9]}

Parties represented in Parliament

The current political parties with parliamentary representation, in the order of the total number of representatives they hold as of July 2024 ^[update] in the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, are the following ones:

Logo		Name	Abbr.	Founded	Leader	Ideology	Position	Deputies	Senators	MEPs	European affiliation
		Social Democratic Party (Romanian : Partidul Social Democrat)	PSD	1989 [10] 2001 [11]	Marcel Ciolacu	Social democracy, Social conservatism	Centre-left	102 / 330	48 / 136	10 / 33	PES
		National Liberal Party (Romanian : Partidul Național Liberal)	PNL	1875 [12] 1990 [13]	Nicolae Ciucă	Conservative liberalism, Liberal conservatism, [14] Social conservatism	Centre-right	78 / 330	37 / 136	8 / 33	EPP
		Save Romania Union (Romanian : Uniunea Salvați România)	USR	2016	Elena Lasconi	Liberalism [15] Social liberalism, [15] Economic liberalism, [15] Pro-Europeanism [15]	Centre to centre-right	41 / 330	20 / 136	2 / 33	Renew
		Alliance for the Union of Romanians (Romanian : Alianța pentru Unirea Românilor)	AUR	2019	George Simion	Romanian nationalism, Christian right, Conservatism, Romanian-Moldovan unionism, Right-wing populism	Right-wing to far-right	29 / 330	15 / 136	5 / 33	ECR [16]
		Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (Romanian : Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România), (Hungarian : Romániai Magyar Demokrata Szövetség)	UDMR RMDSZ	1989	Hunor Kelemen	Hungarian minority interests, Social conservatism, Regionalism, Pro-Europeanism	Centre-right	20 / 330	9 / 136	2 / 33	EPP
		Force of the Right (Romanian : Forța Dreptei)	FD	2021	Ludovic Orban	Christian democracy, Liberal conservatism, Right-wing populism, Pro-Europeanism	Centre-right to right-wing	16 / 330	3 / 136	0 / 33	None
		Renewing Romania's European Project (Romanian : Reînnoim Proiectul European al României)	REPER	2022	Dragoș Pîslaru Ramona Strugariu	Liberalism Pro-Europeanism	Centre	10 / 330	2 / 136	0 / 33	Renew
		Social Liberal Humanist Party (Romanian : Partidul Umanist Social Liberal)	PUSL	2015	Cristian Popescu Piedone	Humanism, Social conservatism	Centrist or syncretic	4 / 330	1 / 136	1 / 33	None
		Romanian Nationhood Party (Romanian : Partidul Neamului Românesc)	NR PNR	2018	Ninel Peia	Ultranationalism, National conservatism, Anti-immigration, Right-wing populism, Euroscepticism	Right-wing to far-right	3 / 330	1 / 136	0 / 33	None
		The Right Alternative (Romanian : Alternativa Dreaptă)	AD	2019	Adela Mirza	National conservatism, Social conservatism, Christian right	Right-wing	2 / 330	1 / 136	0 / 33	None

In addition, ethnic minority organizations are granted each seat in the Chamber of Deputies if: (1) are the sole official representative organization of the minority; (2) they participate in the legislative election and do not pass the 5% threshold but obtain at least 10% of the number of votes calculated to correspond to electing one deputy. These seats are added to the number of seats put up for election. As of 2021, there are eighteen such seats. The Hungarian minority organization, the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ) has always passed the 5% threshold for both houses of the Romanian Parliament, and has been treated as a regular political party (and acting like one as well).

Parties represented in the Senate

Logo		Name	Abbr.	Founded	Leader	Ideology	Position	Senators	MEPs
		S.O.S. Romania (Romanian : S.O.S. România)	SOS RO	2021	Diana Iovanovici Șoșoacă	Romanian nationalism Romanian irredentism Right-wing populism Hard Euroscepticism Russophilia	Far-right	1 / 136	2 / 33

Parties only represented in the European Parliament

Aside from the political parties represented in the Romanian Parliament, the following political parties only have representation in the European Parliament:

Logo		Name	Abbr.	Founded	Leader	Ideology	Position	MEPs	European affiliation
		People's Movement Party (Romanian : Partidul Mișcarea Populară)	PMP	2014	Eugen Tomac	Christian democracy Romanian-Moldovan unionism [17] Social conservatism National conservatism	Centre-right to right-wing	1 / 33	European People's Party
		Romanian National Conservative Party (Romanian : Partidul Național Conservator Român)	PNCR	2023	Cristian Terheș	National conservatism Right-wing populism Soft Euroscepticism	Right-wing	1 / 33	European Conservatives and Reformists

Minor parties

Ethnic minority organizations

See also: Romanian ethnic minority parties

Association of Italians of Romania	Asociația Italienilor din România - RO.AS.IT., Associazione degli Italiani di Romania - RO.AS.IT.
Association of Macedonians of Romania	Asociația Macedonenilor din România, Друштвото на Македонците од Романија
Bulgarian Union of the Banat - Romania	Uniunea Bulgară din Banat - România, Български съюз на Банат - Румъния
Community of the Lipovan Russians in Romania	Comunitatea Rușilor Lipoveni din România, Община русских-липован Румынии
Cultural Union of Ruthenians of Romania	Uniunea Culturală a Rutenilor din România, Културне Товариство Русинів Романії
Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania	Forumul Democrat al Germanilor din România, Demokratisches Forum der Deutschen in Rumänien
Democratic Union of Slovaks and Czechs in Romania	Uniunea Democratică a Slovacilor și Cehilor din România, Demokratický svaz Slováků a Čechů v Rumunsku, Demokratický zväz Slovákov a Čechov v Rumunsku
Democratic Union of Turkish-Muslim Tatars of Romania	Uniunea Democrată a Tătarilor Turco-Musulmani din România, Romanya Müslüman Tatar Türklerĭ Demokrat Bĭrlĭgĭ
Federation of Jewish Communities of Romania	Federația Comunităților Evreiești din România
Hellenic Union of Romania	Uniunea Elenă din România, Ένωση Ελλήνων της Ρουμανίας
League of Albanians of Romania	Liga Albanezilor din România, Liga e shqiptarëve në Rumani
Party of the Roma	Partida Romilor, Partida le Romenge
Turkish Democratic Union of Romania	Uniunea Democrată Turcă din România, Romanya Türk Demokrat Birliği
Union of Armenians of Romania	Uniunea Armenilor din România, Ռումինիայի հայերի միություն
Union of Croatians of Romania	Uniunea Croaților din România, Zajedništvo Hrvata u Rumunjskoj
Union of Poles of Romania	Uniunea Polonezilor din România "Dom Polski", Związek Polaków w Rumunii "Dom Polski"
Union of Serbs of Romania	Uniunea Sârbilor din România, Савез Срба у Румунији
Union of Ukrainians of Romania	Uniunea Ucrainienilor din România, Союз українців Румунії

Parties with elected representation at local and county level

The following are political parties which ran by themselves at the 2020 local elections and won elected representation at local and county level (does not include seats won on alliance tickets): ^[18]

Party	Native name (Abbr.)	Local councillors	County councillors	European Affiliation
Ecologist Party of Romania	Partidul Ecologist Român (PER)	210	5	—
Green Party	Partidul Verde Verzii (PV)	117	0	European Green Party (EGP)
PRO Romania	PRO România (PRO)	110	0	European Democratic Party
Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party	Partidul Național Țărănesc Creștin Democrat (PNȚCD)	42	0	European Christian Political Movement (ECPM)
New Right	Noua Dreaptă (ND)	2	0	Alliance for Peace and Freedom (APF)

The following parties have won seats in the 2020 local elections only as part of electoral alliances:

Party	Alliances	Local councilors elected on alliance ticket
Bucureşti 2020 Party	Pro Bucureşti 2020 Alliance	5

Other parties

Party	Native name (Abbr.)	Ideology	Since	Alliance	European Party
Greater Romania Party	Partidul România Mare (PRM)	Romanian nationalism	1991	National Identity Bloc in Europe	None
Romanian Socialist Party	Partidul Socialist Român (PSR)	Communism	2003	Socialist Romania	Party of the European Left
Pirate Party Romania	Partidul Pirat România (PPR)	Pirate politics	2009	None	European Pirate Party (formerly)
National Union for the Progress of Romania	Uniunea Națională pentru Progresul României (UNPR)	Progressivism	2010	PSD–UNPR–ALDE Alliance (formerly)	None
Communitarian Party of Romania	Partidul Comunitar din România (PCDR)	Communism	2015	None	None
Freemen's Party	Partidul Oamenilor Liberi (POL)	Participatory democracy	2015	None	None
Democracy and Solidarity Party	Partidul Democrației și Solidarității (Demos)	Democratic socialism	2018	Platform for Democracy, Prosperity, and Progress	Central-Eastern European Green Left Alliance
National Peasant Alliance	Alianța Național Țărănistă (ANȚ)	Agrarianism	2019	None	None
Romania in Action Party	Partidul România în Acțiune (România în Acțiune)	Localism	2020	România Renaște	None
NOW Party	Partidul ACUM (ACUM)	Green politics	2021	Platform for Democracy, Prosperity, and Progress	European Green Party (intention to join)
Volt Romania	Volt România (Volt)	European federalism	2021	Platform for Democracy, Prosperity, and Progress	Volt Europa
Hungarian Alliance of Transylvania	Alianța Maghiară din Transilvania (AMT)	Hungarian minority interests	2022	None	European Free Alliance
Nation People Together	Națiune Oameni Împreună (NOI)	Social conservatism	2022	None	None
Health, Education, Nature, Sustainability Party  [ ro ]	Partidul Sănătate, Educație, Natură, Sustenabilitate (SENS)	Progressivism, Green politics	2023	None	None
Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party	Partidul Dreptate și Respect în Europa pentru Toți (DREPT)	Centrism	2023	None	None
National Action League Party	Partidul Liga Acțiunii Naționale (PLAN)	Social liberalism	2024	None	None

Defunct parties

Parties active 1859–1918

See also: Romanian Old Kingdom

Conservative Party	Partidul Conservator	Active 1880–1918
Conservative-Democratic Party	Partidul Conservator-Democrat	An offshoot of the Conservative Party, led by Take Ionescu; merged into the Conservative Nationalist Party; active 1908–1922
Conservative Nationalist Party	Partidul Conservator Naționalist	An offshoot of the Conservative Party, active 1916–c.1935
Constitutional Party	Partidul Constituțional	Active 1891–1907
Democratic Nationalist Party	Partidul Naționalist-Democrat (PND)	Right-wing nationalist party; active 1910–1938
Free and Independent Faction	Fracțiunea liberă și independentă	Active 1866–1875; merged into the National Liberal Party [19]
National Liberal Party	Partidul Național-Liberal	Active 1875–1947
National Party	Partida Națională	Active 1856–1859
Peasants' Party	Partida Țărănească	Active 1895 [20]
Radical Party / Radical Democratic Party	Partidul Radical / Partidul Democrat Radical	An offshoot of the National Liberal Party, led by George Panu; active c. 1884 [19] –1895; merged into the Conservative Party
Social Democratic Party of Romania	Partidul Social Democrat din România (PSDR)	Active 1910–1916, groups active illegally 1916–1918; Transformed into the Socialist Party of Romania
Social Democratic Workers' Party of Romania	Partidul Social-Democrat al Muncitorilor din România (PSDMR)	Active 1893–1899; most of its leadership joined the National Liberal Party, with others members eventually joining the Social Democratic Party of Romania

Parties active 1918−1947

See also: Kingdom of Romania § The Interbellum (inter-war) years

The following parties were all active in Romania in the interwar period and, in some cases, through and after World War II. Dates of founding and dissolution are given, where known. Failing that, the earliest and latest dates known for activities are given.

This period saw the proliferation of numerous extremist parties inspired by fascism, socialism and Communism. The latter were effectively banned in 1924 by the so-called Mârzescu law. ^[21] A succession of coups drastically altered the political landscape as Romania went through a single-party dictatorship under the National Renaissance Front (1938–1940), then a military dictatorship without political parties (1940–1944), then briefly returning to multiparty democracy before finally becoming a people's republic (1944–1947).

Agrarian League	Liga Agrară	Offshoot of the People's Party; active 1929–1938
Agrarian Party	Partidul Agrar	Led by Constantin Argetoianu; active 1932–1938 [22]
Bessarabian Peasants' Party	Partidul Țărănesc din Basarabia (PȚ)	Founded in the Moldavian Democratic Republic; most of it merged into the Peasants' Party in 1921, a wing led by Ion Inculeț kept the name and later joined the National Liberal Party; active 1918–1923 [23]
Bolshevik Leninist Group of Romania	Grupul Bolșevic Leninist din România	A Trotskyist grouping led by David Korner; active 1935. [24]
Citizen Bloc	Blocul Cetățenesc	A nationalist party led by Grigore Forțu; active 1934 [25]
Citizen Committees-Dem. I. Dobrescu	Comitetele Cetățenești Dem. I. Dobrescu	A dissident wing of the National Peasants' Party; active 1935–1938 [26]
Communist Party of Romania	Partidul Comunist din România (PCdR)	Founded in 1921 as the Socialist-Communist Party (Partidul Socialist-Comunist), a group that emerged from the Socialist Party of Romania; after 1944 Romanian Communist Party (Partidul Comunist Român (PCR)); active 1921–1948. Absorbed the Social Democratic Party and renamed itself the Romanian Workers' Party
Conservative-Democratic Party	Partidul Conservator-Democrat	An offshoot of the Conservative Party, led by Take Ionescu; merged into the Conservative Nationalist Party; active 1908–1922
Conservative Nationalist Party	Partidul Conservator Naționalist	An offshoot of the Conservative Party, active 1916 – c.1935
Crusade of Romanianism	Cruciada Românismului	Fascist party; active 1935–1936. [27]
Democratic Bloc / Democratic Union	Blocul democratic / Uniunea democratică	Anti-fascist political organizations under the influence of the Romanian Communist Party, active 1935–1936, 1937–1939
Democratic Nationalist Party	Partidul Naționalist-Democrat (PND)	Right-wing nationalist party, active 1910–1938
Democratic Peasants' Party–Stere	Partidul Țărănesc-Democrat Constantin Stere (PȚD)	A dissident wing of the National Peasants' Party, merged with the Radical Peasants' Party; active 1930–1933 [28]
Democratic Peasants' Party–Lupu	Partidul Țărănesc-Democrat Nicolae L. Lupu (PȚD)	A dissident wing of the National Peasants' Party; active 1946–1948 [29]
Fire Swastika	Svastica de Foc	Fascist party, an offshoot of the National-Christian Defense League; active 1935–1938 [22]
German Party	Partidul German din România (PGR) / Deutsche Partei in Rumänien	Generally backing the party in government, it became strongly influenced by Nazism after 1936; active 1919–1944 [30]
German People's Party	Partidul Poporului German din România (PPGR) / Deutsche Volkspartei in Rumänien (DVPR)	An offshoot of the German Party, active 1935–1938
Hungarian People's Union	Uniunea Populară Maghiară (UPM) / Magyar Népi Szövetség (MNSZ)	An offshoot of the Magyar Party, created as Union of Hungarian Workers of Romania' (Magyar Dolgozók Országos Szövetsége (MADOSZ)), in close alliance with the Communist Party of Romania; active 1934–1953
Independent Social Democratic Party	Partidul Social Democrat Independent (PSDI)	A dissident wing of the Social Democratic Party, led by Constantin Titel Petrescu; active 1946–1947 [31]
Iron Guard	Garda de Fier	The usual name of the group founded as the Legion of the Archangel Michael (Legiunea Arhanghelul Mihail or Legiunea Arhanghelului Mihail), running in election first as the "Corneliu Codreanu" Grouping (Gruparea "Corneliu Codreanu") and then as the Everything For the Country Party (Partidul Totul pentru Țară (TPȚ)) - fascist party active between 1927 and c. 1944–1945 (with minor groups claiming heritage to this day)
Jewish Democratic Committee	Comitetul Democratic Evreiesc	In close alliance with the Communist Party of Romania; active 1946–1948 [32]
Jewish Party	Partidul Evreiesc	Active 1923–1938 [33]
Laborer Party	Partidul Muncitor	Active 1918; merged into the Peasants' Party [34]
League Against Usury	Liga Contra Cametei	Active 1929 – c.1931 [35]
Liberal Democratic Party	Partidul Liberal-Democrat (PLD)	Founded as "Free Man" Grouping (Gruparea "Omul Liber") - a dissident wing of the National Liberal Party, led by Jean Th. Florescu; active 1931–1935. [36]
Magyar Party	Partidul Maghiar	Active 1922–1938 [37]
National-Agrarian Action	Acțiunea Național-Agrară (ANA)	An offshoot of the National Peasants' Party, merged into the National Union for Work and Reconstruction; active 1946–1947 [38]
National Agrarian Party	Partidul Național Agrar (PNA)	An offshoot of the People's Party, merged into the National Christian Party; active c.1931–1935 [39]
National Awareness Guard	Garda Conștiinței Naționale (GCN)	A fascist party formed around Constantin Pancu; active 1919–1922 [40]
National-Christian Defense League	Liga Apărării Național-Creștine (LANC)	A far right proto-fascist party, merged into National Christian Party; active 1920–1935
National Christian Party	Partidul Național-Creștin (PNC)	Fascist party, active 1935–1938
National-Corporatist League	Liga Național-Corporatistă	A fascist party, led by Mihail Manoilescu; active 1932–1938 [41]
National Fascist Movement	Mișcarea Națională Fascistă (MNF)	Active cca. 1923
National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement	Mișcarea Națională Culturală și Economică Italo-Română	Fascist party, merged into the National Fascist Movement; active 1921–1923 [42]
National Liberal Party	Partidul Național-Liberal (PNL)	Active 1875–1947; the present-day PNL claims to be the successor of this party.
National Liberal Party-Brătianu	Partidul Național Liberal-Brătianu (PNL)	A dissident wing of the National Liberal Party; active 1931–1935
National Liberal Party-Tătărescu/National Liberal Party-Bejan	Partidul Național-Liberal-Tătărescu (PNL) / Partidul Național-Liberal-Bejan (PNL)	A dissident wing of the National Liberal Party; active 1944–1948
National Peasants' Party	Partidul Național Țărănesc (PNȚ)	Merger of the Romanian National Party and the Peasants' Party; active 1926–1947
National Peasants' Party–Alexandrescu	Partidul Național Țărănesc-Anton Alexandrescu (PNȚ)	An offshoot of the National Peasants' Party, in close alliance with the Romanian Communist Party, merged into the Ploughmen's Front; active 1945–1948 [43]
National Renaissance Front	Frontul Renașterii Naționale (FRN)	Renamed Party of the Nation (Partidul Națiunii) in 1940, created as the fascist-inspired single official corporatist party by King Carol II; active 1938–1940
National Romanian Fascia	Fascia Națională Română	Merged into the National Fascist Movement; active c.1920–1923 [44]
National Socialist Party	Partidul Național-Socialist	Fascist party; active 1933 [45]
National Socialist German Workers' Party of the German ethnic group in Romania	Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei der deutschen Volksgruppe in Rumänien (NSDAP-DVGiR) / Partidul Național-Socialist Muncitoresc German al Grupului Etnic German din România	Local branch of the Nazi Party, membership limited to the German minority; active 1940–1944
National Union for Work and Reconstruction	Uniunea Națională Muncă și Refacere (UNMR)	Led by Constantin Argetoianu, partly merged into the Union of Patriots and the Ploughmen's Front; active 1947 [38]
Peasant Workers' Bloc	Blocul Muncitoresc-Țărănesc (BMȚ)	An umbrella group for the banned Communist Party of Romania; active 1925–1933
Peasants' Party	Partidul Țărănesc (PȚ)	Founded 1918, merged with the Romanian National Party into the National Peasants' Party in 1927
Peasants' Party–Lupu	Partidul Țărănesc Nicolae L. Lupu (PȚD)	A dissident wing of the National Peasants' Party; active 1927–1934 [46]
People's Party	Partidul Poporului (PP)	Founded under the name People's League (Liga Poporului); active 1918–1929
Ploughmen's Front	Frontul Plugarilor	Closely associated with the Romanian Communist Party; active 1933–1953
Progressive Conservative Party	Partidul Conservator-Progresist	An offshoot of the Conservative Party, led by Alexandru Marghiloman; active in 1918
Radical Peasants' Party	Partidul Țărănesc-Radical (PȚR)	A dissident wing of the National Peasants' Party; active 1933–1938 [47]
Romanian Front	Frontul Român (FR)	Far right offshoot of National Peasants' Party; active 1935 – c.1944 [48]
Romanian National Party	Partidul Național Român (PNR)	Founded inside Austria-Hungary in 1881, merged with the Peasants' Party to form the National Peasants' Party in 1927
Social Democratic Party	Partidul Social Democrat (PSD or PSDR)	Created from the merger of the parties forming the Federation of Romanian Socialist Parties, merged into the Romanian Communist Party; active 1927–1948
Social Democratic Party of Bukovina	Partidul Social Democrat din Bucovina	Founded inside Austria-Hungary, briefly joined into the Socialist Party of Romania, before separating again and becoming an autonomous section of the Federation of Romanian Socialist Parties, which evolved into the Social Democratic Party; active 1896–1920, 1921–1927
Socialist Party (Popovici)	Partidul Socialist (PS)	An offshoot of the Social Democratic Party, led by Constantin Popovici, merged with the Independent Socialist Party to create the Unitary Socialist Party, only to break from the latter and ultimately join the Union of Patriots; active 1933, 1935–1944
Social Democratic Party of Transylvania and Banat / Socialist Party of Transylvania and Banat	Partidul Social Democrat din Transilvania și Banat / Partidul Socialist din Transilvania și Banat	Founded inside Austria-Hungary, it emerged from the Hungarian Social Democratic Party, and briefly joined into the Socialist Party of Romania, before separating again and becoming an autonomous section of the Federation of Romanian Socialist Parties, which evolved into the Social Democratic Party; active 1906–1920, 1921–1927
Socialist Democratic Party	Partidul Socialist Democrat (PSD)	Created by Ioan Flueraș and George Grigorovici, expelled from the Social Democratic Party for collaboration with totalitarian regimes; active 1945–1946 [49]
Socialist Party of Romania	Partidul Socialist din România (PS)	Formed by members of the Social Democratic Party, it absorbed the Social Democratic Party of Transylvania and Banat and the Romanian Social Democratic Party of Bukovina; active 1918–1921
Socialist Peasants' Party	Partidul Socialist-Țărăneasc (PSȚ)	A dissident wing of the National Peasants' Party, merged into the Ploughmen's Front; active 1943–1944 [50]
Socialist Workers Party / Independent Socialist Party	Partidul Socialist al Muncitorilor (PSM) / Partidul Socialist Independent (PSI)	An offshoot of the Social Democratic Party, led by Leon Ghelerter, merged with the Socialist Party (Popovici) to create the Unitary Socialist Party; active 1928–1933
Union of Patriots/National Popular Party	Uniunea Patrioților / Partidul Național-Popular (PNP)	In close alliance with the Communist Party of Romania; active 1942–1948 [51]
Ukrainian Workers' Party of Romania	Партія українських працюючих Румунії "Визволення"/Vîzvolenia	An offshoot of the Social Democratic Party of Bukovina, it closely collaborated with the Worker-Peasant Bloc; active primarily in northern Bukovina, in 1929–1934.
Unitary Socialist Party	Partidul Socialist Unitar(PSU)	Merger of the Independent Socialist Party and the Socialist Party (Popovici), merged into the Social Democratic Party; active 1933–1938, 1944 [52]
Vlad Țepeș League	Liga "Vlad Țepeș"	Offshoot of the People's Party, led by Grigore Filipescu; active 1929–1938

Communist-era parties (1947–1989)

Although distinct parties in the communist era were not politically relevant, the following were the officially recognized political forces:

Romanian Communist Party	Partidul Comunist Român (PCR)	Known as Romanian Workers' Party (Partidul Muncitoresc Român (PMR)) between 1948 and 1965; disestablished in 1989
Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy	Frontul Democrației și Unității Socialiste (FDUS)	An organization created as an outlet of the PCR; active 1968–1989
Hungarian People's Union	Uniunea Populară Maghiară (UPM) / Magyar Népi Szövetség (MNSZ)	Created as Union of Hungarian Workers of Romania (Magyar Dolgozók Országos Szövetsége (MADOSZ)), in close alliance with the Romanian Communist Party; active 1934–1953
Jewish Democratic Committee	Comitetul Democratic Evreiesc	In close alliance with the Romanian Communist Party; active 1946–1953 [32]
Ploughmen's Front	Frontul Plugarilor	Closely associated with the Romanian Communist Party; active 1933–1953

Other parties were allowed to exist, with unclear status, until mid 1948. ^[53]

Post−1989 parties

Alliance for Romania	Alianța pentru România (ApR)	Splinter of the Party of Social Democracy in Romania (PDSR); absorbed into National Liberal Party; active June, 1997–August, 2001
Civic Alliance Party	Partidul Alianța Civică (PAC)	Absorbed into National Liberal Party; active 1991–1998
Civic Force	Forța Civică (FC)	Absorbed into Democratic Liberal Party; active 2004–2014
Conservative Party	Partidul Conservator (PC)	Founded as the Romanian Humanist Party; merged into the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats; active 1991–2015
Democratic Agrarian Party of Romania	Partidul Democrat Agrar din România (PDAR)	Merged into the Romanian National Party; active 1990–1998
Democratic Force	Forţa Democrată (FD)	Created by former members of the Democratic Party; active 2004–2013
Democratic Liberal Party	Partidul Democrat Liberal (PDL)	Absorbed into National Liberal Party; active 2007–2014
Democratic National Salvation Front	Frontul Democrat al Salvării Naționale (FDSN)	Splinter of the National Salvation Front, merged into the Party of Social Democracy in Romania; active 1992–1993
Democratic Party	Partidul Democrat (PD)	Created as the National Salvation Front, merged into the Democratic Liberal Party; active 1990–2007
Democratic Party of Labour	Partidul Democrat al Muncii (PDM)	Merged into the Democratic Party; active 1990–1994
Democratic Union of the Roma of Romania	Uniunea Democratică a Romilor din România (UDRR)	Active 1990–1992
Ecological Federation of Romania	Federația Ecologistă din România (FER)	Splinter of Ecological Federation of Romania, absorbed into People's Action; active 1990–2004
Ecological Movement of Romania	Mișcarea Ecologistă din România (MER)	Absorbed into Ecological Federation of Romania; active 1990–1998
Ecologist Union of Romania Party	Partidul Uniunea Ecologistă din România (PUER)	Absorbed into Ecologist Party of Romania; active March–August 2012
Everything For the Country Party	Partidul "Totul Pentru Țară (PTT)	Dissolved; active 1993–2015
Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party	Partidul Libertate, Unitate și Solidaritate (PLUS)	Merged into Save Romania Union; active 2018–2020
Liberal Democratic Party	Partidul Liberal Democrat (PLD)	Splinter of the Democratic Party, merged into the Democratic Liberal Party; active 2006–2007
Liberal Party	Partidul Liberal (PL)	Absorbed into the National Liberal Party; active 1997–1998
Liberal Party 1993	Partidul Liberal 1993 (PL '93)	Merged into the Liberal Party; active 1993–1997
Liberal Reformist Party	Partidul Liberal Reformator (PLR)	Splinter of the National Liberal Party, merged into the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats; active 2014–2015
Liberal Union–Bratiănu	Liberal Union–Brătianu (UL-B)	Splinter of the National Liberal Party; active 1990–2003
M10	M10	Merged into The Right Alternative; active 2015–2019
National Alliance Party	Partidul Alianța Națională (PAN)	Merged into Democratic Party; active 2000–2001
National Christian Democratic Alliance	Alianța Natională Creștin Democrată (ANCD)	Splinter of the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party, rejoined the main party; active 1999–2001
National Christian Democratic Party	Partidul Național Democrat Creștin (PNDC)	Active 1990–2014
National Democratic Party	Partidul Național Democrat (PND)	Merged into the Party of the Social-Democratic Unity; active 1990–1992
National Initiative Party	Partidul Inițiativa Națională (PIN)	Create by former members of the Democratic Party, absorbed into the National Union for the Progress of Romania; active 2005–2011
National Liberal Party-Câmpeanu	Partidul Național-Liberal-Câmpeanu (PNL-C)	Splinter of the National Liberal Party, rejoined the main party; active 1995–2003
National Liberal Party-Democratic Convention	Partidul Național Liberal - Convenţia Democrată (PNL-CD)	Splinter of the National Liberal Party, merged into the Liberal Party; active 1991–1997
National Liberal Party Youth Wing	Partidul Național-Liberal Aripa Tînără (PNL-AT)	Splinter of the National Liberal Party, merged into the Liberal Party 1993; active 1990–1992
National Reconstruction Party of Romania	Partidul Reconstrucției Naționale a României (PRNR)	Merged into Democratic Agrarian Party of Romania; active 1990–1992
National Salvation Front–Social Democratic	Frontul Salvării Naţionale–Social Democrat (FSN–SD)	Splinter of the National Salvation Front, merged into the Party of the Social-Democratic Unity; active 1991–1992
New Romania Party	Partidul Noua Românie (PNR)	Merged into the Romanian National Party; active 1994–1998
Party of Free Change	Partidul Liber-Schimbist (PL-S)	Active 1990–1996
Party of Young Free Democrats of Romania	Partidul Tineretului Liber Democrat din Romania (PTLD)	Merged into the Republican Party (1990); active 1990–1992
Party of Social Democracy in Romania	Partidul Democrației Sociale din România (PSDR)	Merged into the Social Democratic Party; active 1993–2001
Party of Romanian Life	Partidul Vieții Românești (PVR)	Active 2000–2002
Party of the Social Democratic Unity	Partidul Unității Social Democrate (PUSD)	Merged into the Democratic Party; active 1992–1995
People's Action	Acțiunea Populară (AP)	Splinter of the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party, merged into the National Liberal Party; active 2003–2008
People's Party	Partidul Popular (PP)	Merged into the National Liberal Party; active 2003–2014
People's Party – Dan Diaconescu	Partidul Poporului – Dan Diaconescu (PP-DD)	Absorbed into the National Union for the Progress of Romania; active 2011–2015
Republican Party (1990)	Partidul Republican (PR)	Merged into the Party of Social Democracy in Romania (PDSR); active 1990–1993
Republican Party (1993)	Partidul Republican (PR)	Created by former members of the Republican Party (1990); active 1993–2003
Republican Party (2004)	Partidul Republican (PR)	Created as the Party of the Third Millennium, renamed in 2005; active 2004–2007
Romanian Democratic Front	Frontul Democrat Român (FDR)	Merged into the Democratic Party; active 1990–1997
Romanian Liberal Democratic Party	Partidul Liberal Democrat Român (PLDR)	Created by former members of the Liberal Party, merged into the Greater Romania Party; active 1999–2002
Romanian National Party	Partidul Național Român (PNR)	Merged into the National Alliance Party; active 1998–2000
Romanian National Unity Party	Partidul Unității Naționale a Românilor / Partidul Unității Națiunii Române (PUNR)	Merged into the National Alliance Party in 2000; re-emerged as a distinct party in 2001; merged into the Conservative Party in 2006; active 1990–2000, 2001–2006
Romanian Rebirth Party	Partidul Renașterea Românească (PRR)	Active 2004–2013
Romanian Social Democratic Party	Partidul Social Democrat Român (PSDR)	Merged into the Social Democratic Party; active 1990–2001
Romanian Social Party	Partidul Social Românesc (PSRO)	Created as Romanian Democratic Union, name changed in 2015; active 2013–2018
Romanian Socialist Democratic Party	Partidul Socialist Democratic Român (PSDR)	Merged into the Party of Social Democracy in Romania (PDSR); active 1990–1993
Romanian Socialist Party (1992)	Partidul Socialist Român (PSR)	Active 1992–2013
Social Protection People's Party	Partidul Popular și al Protecției Sociale (PPPS)	Absorbed into National Union for the Progress of Romania; active 1994–2011
Save Bucharest Union	Uniunea Salvaţi Bucureştiul (USB)	Absorbed into the Save Romania Union; active 2015–2016
Socialist Alliance Party	Partidul Alianța Socialistă (PAS)	Created by former members of the Socialist Party of Labour, merged into the Socialist Alternative Party; active 2004–2013
Socialist Party of Labour	Partidul Socialist al Muncii (PSM)	Absorbed into the Social Democratic Party; active 1990–2003
Union for Romanian Reconstruction	Uniunea pentru Reconstrucția României (URR)	Absorbed into Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party; active 2002–2005
Union of Right-Wing Forces	Uniunea Forțelor de Dreapta (UFD)	Founded as Alternative for Romania Party (Partidul Alternativa României, PAR), changed its name to UFD in 2000, absorbed into National Liberal Party in April 2003; active 1996–2003
Workers' Social Democratic Party	Partidul Social Democrat al Muncitorilor (PSDM)	Created by former members of the Romanian Social Democratic Party as the Social Democratic Party "Constantin Titel Petrescu", renamed in 2011; active 2003–2013
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats	Alianța Liberalilor și Democraților (ALDE)	Absorbed into the National Liberal Party (PNL); active 2015–2022
United Romania Party	Partidul România Unită (PRU)	Active 2015–2019
Party of the Revolution	Partidul Revoluției (PR)	Active 2016
United Left Party	Partidul Stângii Unite (PSU)	Active 2005
Social Democratic Workers' Party	Partidul Social Democrat al Muncitorilor (PSDM)	Active 2015
New Generation Party-Christian Democratic	Partidul Noua Generație-Creștin Democrat (PNG-CD)	Active 1999–2012
Social Christian People's Union	Uniunea Populară Social Creștină (UPSC)	Active 2006–2021
Hungarian Civic Party	Partidul Civic Maghiar	Merged into the Hungarian Alliance of Transylvania; active 2008–2022
Hungarian People's Party of Transylvania	Partidul Popular Maghiar din Transilvania (PPMT)	Merged into the Hungarian Alliance of Transylvania; active 2011–2022
Alternative for National Dignity	Alternativa pentru Demnitate Națională (ADN)	Active 2018–2022
National Rebirth Alliance	Alianța Renașterea Națională (ARN)	Active 2019–2024, merged into the Romanian National Conservative Party
"Prahova in Action" Party	Partidul Prahova în Acțiune	Active 2020–2022
Party of Ialomițans	Partidul Ialomițenilor (PI)	Active 2021–2022
Party of the Romanian Nation	Partidul Neamul Românesc (NR)	Active 2021–2022
RE:Start Romania Party	Partidul RE:Start Romania	Active 2020–2022
Republican Party of Romania	Partidul Republican din România	Active 2020–2022
Național Peasants' Party Maniu-Mihalache	Partidul Național Țărănesc Maniu-Mihalache (PNȚMM)	Active 2020–2022
ADER Party for Democracy, Education and Reconstruction	Partidul Ader la Democrație, Educație și Reconstrucție (ADER)	Active 2019–2022
Independent Union for Sighișoara	Uniunea Independentă pentru Sighișoara (UIPS)	Active 2020–2022
Phralipe Party of the Romania	Partidul Phralipe al Romilor (PPR)	Active 2020–2022
"Together for Moldova" Party	Partidul Impreuna pentru Moldova (IPM)	Active 2019–2022
Pătârlagele Initiative	Inițiativa Pătârlagele (iPTG)	Active 2020–2022
Bloc for National Unity	Blocul Unității Naționale (BUN)	Active 2020–2022
Liberal Right	Dreapta Liberală (DL)	Active 2019–2022
Christian Democratic Union of Romania	Uniunea Creștin-Democrată din România (UCDR)	Active 2021–2022
European Romania Party	Partidul România Europeană (PRE)	Active 2020–2022
PACT for Galați	PACT pentru Galați	Active 2021–2022
Banat Party	Partidul Banatului (PB)	Active 2018–2022
Union for Bucovina	Uniunea pentru Bucovina (UB)	Active 2019–2022
Our Otopeni Initiative	Inițiativa Otopeniul Nostru (ION)	Active 2020–2022
National Alliance for Farmers	Alianța Națională an Agricultorilor (ANA)	Active 2020–2022
Alliance for the Unity for Rroma	Alianța pentru Unitatea Rromilor (AURr)	Active 2021–2022
Romanian National Party	Partidul Național Român (PNR)	Active 2020–2022
"National Force" Party	Partidul Forța Națională (PFN)	Active 2020–2022

See also

• Politics of Romania
• List of political parties by country

Notes

1. "The Ideological Institutionalization of the Romanian Party System" . Retrieved 17 December 2014.
2. "The Extreme Right in Contemporary Romania" (PDF). Retrieved 17 December 2014.
3. "Crește încrederea în Președinție și Armata, scade în Biserica și presa - sondaj INSCOP" . Retrieved 17 December 2014.
4. "PSD și PNL se întrec în demonstrații de reformă internă, să-i excludă pe membrii corupți" . Retrieved 22 May 2015.
5. "Modificare statut PSD: Membrii condamnați în primă instanță pentru corupție, suspendați din partid". 17 March 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
6. "PNL a definitivat modificările la Statut, în privința criteriilor de integritate" . Retrieved 22 May 2015.
7. "ARTICLE 40" . Retrieved 13 May 2015.
8. "Partidul Pirat din România schimbă legea partidelor politice la CCR: nu mai e nevoie de minimum 25.000 de membri fondatori" . Retrieved 14 May 2015.
9. "Camera Deputaților a adoptat trei legi electorale: legea finanțarii partidelor reexaminata, legea partidelor politice și legea alegerilor locale" . Retrieved 14 May 2015.
10. As National Salvation Front (FSN)
11. As Social Democratic Party (PSD)
12. As the historical National Liberal Party (PNL)
13. Re-founded in the wake of the 1989 Romanian Revolution
14. "National Liberal Party (PNL)" . Retrieved 4 August 2016.
15. "Centru-Dreapta Modern - Uniunea Salvați România". usr.ro. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
16. Ziarul Financiar (6 December 2020). "Cine este AUR, partidul venit de nicăieri care ar putea intra în Parlament. Ce spunea George Simion, fondatorul partidului, în urmă cu câteva zile: Noi suntem legaţi de micul producător, de ţăranul român. Prima lege pe care am da-o ar fi protejarea capitalului român pentru agricultori". Ziarul Financiar (in Romanian). Retrieved 6 December 2020.
17. Tomasz Dąborowski (1 November 2017). "Prospects for the centre-left government in Romania". Centre for Eastern Studies. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
18. "Rezultate finale 27 Septembrie 2020". BEC, Biroul Electoral Central (in Romanian). Retrieved 21 December 2016.
19. Ornea
20. Niculae, et al., p. 39
21. "Mârzescu Law" . Retrieved 8 June 2016.
22. Veiga, p.215
23. Niculae et al., p.12
24. "How the Bolshevik-Leninist Group of Romania was Founded" (with introduction), at the Marxists Internet Archive; retrieved 19 July 2007
25. Gruber, Cap. V
26. Niculae et al., p.15
27. Veiga, p.228-230
28. Niculae et al., p.14
29. Frunză, p.299; Niculae et al., p.16, 45; Videnie, p.46
30. "Germanii", on Divers.ro Archived 2007-01-28 at the Wayback Machine
31. Frunză, p.282
32. Ștefan
33. "Evreii", on Divers.ro Archived 2006-08-04 at the Wayback Machine
34. Niculae et al., p.9
35. Mihailov
36. Tineretul Liberal Gorj Archived 2007-09-26 at the Wayback Machine ; Marian Ștefănescu, Jean Th. Florescu și misiunea sa la Madrid Archived 2007-01-02 at the Wayback Machine
37. "Maghiarii", on Divers.ro Archived 2006-01-08 at the Wayback Machine
38. Otu
39. Veiga, p.215, 224
40. Veiga, p.45-49
41. Veiga, p.214
42. Veiga, p.163
43. Frunză, p.118-119, 299; Niculae et al., p.16; Videnie, p.46
44. Veiga, p.179
45. Veiga, p.133, 163, 254, 255
46. Niculae et al., p.14, 15
47. Niculae et al., p.14-15
48. Niculae et al., p.15; Veiga, p.215
49. 110 ani de social-democrație, p. 6, 24
50. Frunză, p.116, 125, 187
51. Frunză, p.117; Marin, "II. Viața și opera lui G. Călinescu sub comunism"
52. 110 ani de social-democrație, p.5, 21; Frunză, p.203-204, 214
53. Frunză, p.357

References

• (in Romanian) 110 ani de social-democrație în România ("110 Years of Social Democracy in Romania"), Social Democratic Party, Ovidiu Șincai Social Democratic Institute, Bucharest, July 9, 2003
• Ion Constantinescu, "Dr. N. Lupu: «Dacă și d-ta ai fi fost bătut...»" ("Dr. N. Lupu: «If You Yourself Had Been Beaten...»"), in Magazin Istoric, August 1971
• Victor Frunză, Istoria stalinismului în România ("History of Stalinism in Romania"), Humanitas, Bucharest, 1990
• (in Romanian) Victoria Gabriela Gruber, Summary of Partidul Național Liberal (Gheorghe Brătianu) (PDF file)
• (in Romanian) Gabriel Marin, "Între culpabilitate și mit: George Călinescu - Un istoric literar român în timpul regimului comunist" ("In Between Guilt and Myth: George Călinescu - A Romanian Literary Historian during the Communist Regime"), in Erasmus, 1997
• (in Romanian) Paula Mihailov, "Dubla criză a 'României profunde'" ("The Double Crisis of 'Profound Romania'"), in Jurnalul Național , July 12, 2005
• Vasile Niculae, Ion Ilincioiu, Stelian Neagoe, Doctrina țărănistă în România. Antologie de texte ("Peasant Doctrine in Romania. Collected Texts"), Editura Noua Alternativă, Social Theory Institute of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, 1994
• Z. Ornea, Introduction and chronological table to George Panu, Amintiri de la "Junimea" din Iași ("Recollections from the Iași Junimea"), Ed. Minerva, Bucharest, 1998
• (in Romanian) Petre Otu, "1946-1947. Se pregătește guvernul Argetoianu!" ("1946-1948. An Argetoianu Government Is Under Preparation!"), in Magazin Istoric, May 2000
• Ioan Scurtu, Viața Politică din România 1918–1914 ("Political Life in Romania 1918–1914"), Editura Albatros, Bucharest, 1982
• M. Ștefan, "În umbra Cortinei de Fier" ("In the Shadow of the Iron Curtain"), in Magazin Istoric, November 1995
• Francisco Veiga, Istoria Gărzii de Fier, 1919-1941: Mistica ultranaționalismului ("History of the Iron Guard, 1919-1941: The Mystique of Ultra-Nationalism"), Humanitas, Bucharest, 1993
• Nicolae Videnie, "«Alegerile» din martie 1948: epilogul listelor electorale alternative. Obsesia unanimității — primii pași" ("The «Elections» of March 1948: an Epilogue to Alternative Electoral Lists. Unanimity Obsession — The First Steps Taken"), in Dosarele Istoriei, 11/V, 2000

External links

• "Leftist parties in Romania" at broadleft.org
• (in Romanian) Ioan Scurtu, Theodora Stănescu-Stanciu, Georgiana Margareta Scurtu, Istoria românilor între anii 1918-1940: IV. Partidele politice în primul deceniu interbelic ("Political programs of major parties in interwar Romania")