2024 European Parliament election in Romania

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2024 European Parliament election in Romania
Flag of Romania.svg
←  2019 9 June 20242029 →
All 33 Romanian seats in the European Parliament
 First partySecond party
  Mihai Tudose 2018.jpg Dan Barna.jpg
Leader Mihai Tudose Dan Barna
Party CNR ADU
Alliance S&D–EPP RE–EPP
Last election19 seats, 49.50%10 seats, 28.12%
 Third partyFourth party
  Victor Ponta debate November 2014.jpg Iuliu Winkler.JPG
Leader Victor Ponta Iuliu Winkler
Party PRO Romania UDMR
Alliance S&D EPP
Last election2 seats, 6.44%2 seats, 5.26%
2024 European Parliament election in Romania map.png

The Romanian component of the 2024 European Parliament election will be held on 9 June 2024. [1] This will be the fifth European Parliament election to be held in Romania.

Contents

Voting procedure

The 33 Romanian MEPs [lower-alpha 1] are elected by direct universal suffrage by all EU citizens registered on the electoral rolls and over 18 years of age. The ballot is held in a single electoral district on the basis of proportional representation, which means that the number of MPs elected from each political party depends on the number of votes obtained by the party. Romania uses a closed list system, which does not allow changing the order number of the candidates on the list. Seats in the European Parliament are allocated to parties that obtain at least 5% of the votes validly cast by the D'Hondt method.

Background

National Coalition for Romania

In the last European parliamentary elections, in 2019, PSD obtained 9 mandates. It was the weakest electoral result recorded by the PSD in its entire European Parliament electoral history, largely based on the soft eurosceptic and nationalist rhetoric [2] that the party adopted during the leadership of Liviu Dragnea, the constant, brutal weakening of the rule of law, and the encouragement of corruption.

There followed a period when the party changed 2 presidents within a few months: Liviu Dragnea (27 May 2019) [3] [4] and Viorica Dăncilă (November 2019). In November 2019, Marcel Ciolacu took over as ad interim/acting president of the PSD and was later fully elected in 2020 at a party congress. [5] Throughout Marcel Ciolacu's presidency, PSD tried to distance itself from the eurosceptic and nationalist rhetoric and 'wash' its image as a party endorsing corruption at high political level. From 2021, the PSD has been one of the two main governing parties alongside the National Liberal Party (PNL) within the National Coalition for Romania (CNR). [6] [7]

The National Liberal Party (PNL) ranked first in the last European parliamentary elections, obtaining 10 mandates. The speeches of PNL leaders and candidates oscillated during the campaign between a focus on European policy topics and an emphasis on domestic politics and disputes with the governing coalition. Among the electoral promises were: raising the MCV, Romania's accession to the Schengen Area and the eurozone, improving the rule of law and investments by accessing European funds.

After the 2020 parliamentary elections, the PNL entered the government together with the USR PLUS and the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ), [8] a coalition that lasted until September 2021. [9] Throughout 2021, tensions have increased within the National Liberal Party (PNL), with the then party's president Ludovic Orban being challenged by high-ranking politicians within the party. At the September 2021 party congress, former Romanian controversial Prime Minister Florin Cîțu won the party presidency over Ludovic Orban. [10] However, Cîțu did not remain the party's president for too long, as in April 2022, at an extraordinary party congress with only one candidate, former Prime Minister Nicolae Ciucă became the new president of the party (and is still its current leader). [11] Following the loss of the party presidency by former longtime president Ludovic Orban and the political crisis of 2021, a new splinter party from the PNL, Force of the Right (FD), was founded by former Prime Minister Ludovic Orban. [12]

Save Romania Union (USR)

Save Romania Union (USR) participated in the 2019 elections as part of the 2020 USR PLUS Alliance, [13] an alliance between the parties USR and Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party (PLUS), which later merged together as Save Romania Union (USR), previously obtaining 8 MEP mandates. It was the best electoral result recorded by the USR since its establishment in 2016. The 2019 electoral campaign focused in particular on a pro-European platform, and, among the most notable electoral offers were the following: protecting the rights of Romanians in the European Union (EU), Romania's accession to the Schengen Area, positive changes in education, agriculture and infrastructure as well as taking measures to increase social welfare and the overall economic situation of the country. Also, in the rallies held during the election campaign, the message of the USR PLUS Alliance emphasized the fight against a corrupt and authoritarian government power.

In 2020, USR PLUS entered government alongside the National Liberal Party (PNL) and the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ). In 2021, USR and PLUS officially merged, with only the Save Romania Union (USR) name being retained by both parties as part of the fusion protocol. [14] In September 2021, the forced exit of the USR from the government by the PNL and incumbent President Klaus Iohannis triggered a political crisis which ended by the subsequent entry of the PSD into government alongside PNL and UDMR/RMDSZ. In October 2021, the USR congress elected former Prime Minister Dacian Cioloș as president of the party, [15] but the latter did not hold the position for a long time, as in February 2022 he resigned from this leading position within the party. [16] Later on, Cătălin Drulă was elected party president and is the current party leader. [17]

In January 2023, USR MEP Nicolae Ștefănuță announced his departure from the party and his affiliation with the Greens–European Free Alliance as an independent. [18]

In the late of 2023, the leaders of USR, People's Movement Party (PMP) and Force of the Right (FD) announced their intention to form a center-right alliance to compete together in the 2024 European Parliament elections. [19] [20] On December 18, 2023, USR, PMP and FD officially launched United Right Alliance, going to run on a joint list for European Parliament elections. [21]

Renewing Romania's European Project (REPER)

In May 2022, Dacian Cioloș together with 4 other MEPs previously elected on the USR PLUS' list announced the launch of a new political party, namely REPER, with MEPs Dragoș Pîslaru, Ramona Strugariu, Alin Mituța, and Dragoș Tudorache leaving the USR and joining REPER in the meantime. [22]

Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR)

The Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR) is a political party that was founded by the independent 2019 MEP candidate George Simion in December 2019. The unexpected entry of the AUR into the Romanian Parliament after the 2020 elections resulted in the emergence over time in the press of articles labelling AUR as a right-wing extremist party with an ultra-nationalist, [23] [24] eurosceptic, [25] neo-legionary, [26] [27] [28] chauvinist and populist [29] rhetoric. From 2021, AUR plans to affiliate with the European Parliament group of European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR). [30]

AER for Romania Alliance (Greens and Ecologists)

On 9 December 2023, leaders of Green Party (Verzii) and Ecologist Party of Romania (PER) announced a new political alliance on political scene for 2024 European Parliament elections, AER for Romania Alliance Greens and Ecologists. [31]

Social Liberal Humanist Party (PUSL)

On 17 March 2024, Sector 5 mayor Cristian Popescu Piedone announced that the he will be first on the party's list for the European Parliament Elections. [32]

The Romanian delegation to the European Parliament before the 2024 elections

European Parliament groupMandatesNational partyMandatesNotes
European People's Party Group
14 / 33
 National Liberal Party (PNL)
10 / 33
 [lower-alpha 2]
People's Movement Party (PMP)
2 / 33
 [lower-alpha 3]
Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ)
2 / 33
 [lower-alpha 4]
Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
10 / 33
 Social Democratic Party (PSD)
8 / 33
 [lower-alpha 5]
PRO Romania (PRO)
1 / 33
 [lower-alpha 6]
Social Liberal Humanist Party (PUSL)
1 / 33
 [lower-alpha 7]
Renew Europe
7 / 33
 Save Romania Union (USR)
2 / 33
 [lower-alpha 8]
Renewing Romania's European Project (REPER)
5 / 33
 [lower-alpha 9]
European Conservatives and Reformists
1 / 33
 Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚCD)
1 / 33
 [lower-alpha 10]
Greens–European Free Alliance
1 / 33
 Independent
1 / 33
 [lower-alpha 11]
Source: European Parliament

Opinion polling

Polling firmFieldwork dateSample
size		 CNR PUSL
S&D 		AUR ADU PRO
S&D 		UDMR
EPP 		AER AD
ECR 		S.O.S.
ID 		REPER
Renew 		Others Lead
PNL
EPP 		PSD
S&D 		PNȚCD
ECR 		AUR
ECR 		FD
EPP 		PMP
EPP 		USR
Renew 		PER
NI 		PV
G/EFA
INSCOP 12–20 April 20241,10046.61.5—16.713.82.75.12.42.0—4.51.82.829.9
AtlasIntel 5-9 April 20241,76431.62.40.819.924.634.92——83.31.57
Sociopol 26 March-2 April 20241,002475—2314142——30124
CURS 19-28 March 20241,067534—1414—5———5—539
CSPS 17-29 March 20242,08837——2721—4—————1110
Euractiv March 2024—42——251425———51617
Ipsos 23 Feb–5 Mar 202497042.43.0—20.714.25.13.4———5.9—5.221.7
INSCOP 22-29 Feb 20241,10043.7——20.613.73.73.93.4—6.40.93.723.1
Sociopol Feb 2024–421—2815252—0311 [lower-alpha 12] 14
17311—2413252—0311 [lower-alpha 13] 14
INSOMAR Feb 20241,03040.81.5—30.511.51.74.5———2—7.5 [lower-alpha 14] 10.3
Avangarde 19–20 Feb 20249502031——1815—5———82111
CURS 3–14 Feb 20241,06720312—201324———4—4 [lower-alpha 15] 11
INSCOP 16-24 Jan 20241,10018.829.5——18.412.93.04.83.5—6.50.5210.7
CURS 15–27 Jan 20241,08219303—2114—5———4—49
Avangarde 8-22 Jan 20241,1502131——1914—5———81110
INSOMAR Jan 20241,0502125——22—2913———3—9 [lower-alpha 16] 3
Sociopol Jan 2024–1729102313252—1311 [lower-alpha 17] 6
CIRA Jan 20241,0002030——182214—5———62110
CURS 26–30 Dec 202385219314—1914924———5—212
Mercury Research 30 Oct–6 Nov 20231,22716260—1922—3———7154
16281—192415—3———7139
Avangarde 20–28 Sep 20239942131——19131315———5—110
LARICS 11–25 Sep 20231,00322.931.51.0—14.6—4.415.2—3.2———4.7—2.48.6
INSOMAR 28–31 Aug 20231,03015252—27337—4———4—102
2020 parliamentary election 6 Dec 20206.058.62525.228.91.0—9.1—4.915.44.15.71.30.40.0——4.13.7
2019 election 26 May 20199.069.82227.022.5——5.822.46.45.3—————6.64.5

Regional polls

Bucharest

Polling firmFieldwork dateSample
size		 PNL
EPP 		PSD
S&D 		PUSL
S&D 		ADU PLUS
Renew 		PRO
S&D 		UDMR
EPP 		AUR
ECR 		S.O.S.
ID 		REPER
Renew 		Others Lead
FD
EPP 		PMP
EPP 		USR
Renew
Ipsos 1 Nov-18 Dec 20235.40015.539.5—1.82.322.4——0.711.72.71.41.917.1
2019 election 26 May 2019943.11815.4816.38—7.9939.896.750.36———13.1523.51

Announced candidates

Save Romania Union (USR) and the Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR) are the first political parties that announced their official candidates for the European Parliament so far. [33] On December 18, 2023, Save Romania Union officially announced formation of United Right Alliance with Force of the Right (FD) and People's Movement Party (PMP). These three parties will run to a joint list for European Parliament elections.[ citation needed ]

United Right Alliance (USR-PMP-FD)


  1. Dan Barna
  2. Vlad Voiculescu
  3. Eugen Tomac
  4. Vlad Botoș
  5. Cristina Prună
  6. Violeta Alexandru
  7. Radu Mihail
  8. Corina Atanasiu
  9. Adriana Cristian
  10. George Gima
  11. Teodora Stoian
  12. Ramona Goga
  13. Alina Gîrbea
  14. Geta Daniela Drăghici
  15. Alina Totti
  16. Nicolae Mihai Șvab
  17. Emilia Mateescu
  18. Ion Belu
  19. Gabriela Ferguson
  20. Lucia Hang
  21. Dan Adrian Pop
  22. Lucian Judele
  23. Raluca Bercea
  24. Ciprian Alexandru
  25. Andrei Chirica
  26. Răzvan Socolov
  27. Adrian Giurgiu
  28. Sergiu Grui
  29. Daniela Șarpe
  30. Aurel Fierăscu
  31. Alina Bălășcău
  32. Alex Cozma
  33. Silviu Andrei
  34. Maria Udrescu
  35. Mihai Zvîncă
  36. Laurențiu Gheorghe
  37. Liana Ursa
  38. Florin Drăgulin
  39. Ion-Marian Lazăr
  40. Robert Voicu
  41. Alexandru German
  42. Irena Pleșoiu
  43. Eusebiu Iftode
  44. Ioan Bledea [34]

Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR)

  1. Cristian Terheș
  2. Mugur Mihăescu
  3. Monica Iagăr
  4. Dan Tănasă
  5. Claudiu Târziu
  6. Gheorghe Piperea
  7. Felicia Akkaya
  8. Roxana Alexa
  9. Adrian Axinia
  10. Radu Baltasiu
  11. Răzvan Biro
  12. Ramona-Ioana Bruynseels
  13. Paul Costea
  14. Peter Costea
  15. Ringo Dămureanu
  16. Cristina-Emanuela Dascălu
  17. Dragoș Dragoman
  18. Elena Doboș
  19. Cristina Dumitrescu
  20. Mihai Enache
  21. Raisa Enachi
  22. Avram Fițiu
  23. Tiberiu Floriș
  24. Laura Gherasim
  25. Veronica Grosu
  26. Silviu Gurlui
  27. Ramona-Paula Hotea
  28. Mirela Irindea
  29. Marius Lulea
  30. Nicuşor-Cristian Mancaş
  31. Dumitrina Mitrea
  32. Elena-Viorica Năstăsoiu
  33. Liviu Natea
  34. Maria-Lăcrămioara Nicolescu
  35. Vlad Olteanu
  36. Luminiţa Fernandes
  37. Simona-Maria Petcu
  38. Ioan-Aurelian Popa
  39. Mihai Silviu Popa
  40. Şerban Dimitrie Sturza
  41. Maria-Georgiana Teodorescu
  42. Aurora Ursu
  43. Selena Vîlcu
  44. Nicolae Vlahu [35]

National Coalition for Romania (PSD-PNL)

  1. Mihai Tudose
  2. Rareș Bogdan
  3. Gabriela Firea
  4. Dan Motreanu
  5. Claudiu Manda
  6. Adina Vălean
  7. Victor Negrescu
  8. Daniel Buda
  9. Vasile Dîncu
  10. Maria Grapini
  11. Siegfried Mureșan
  12. Dragoș Benea
  13. Mircea Hava
  14. Gheorghe Cîrciu
  15. Gheorghe Falcă
  16. Virgil Popescu
  17. Dan Nica
  18. Alexandru Muraru
  19. Mara Mareș [36]

Renewing Romania's European Project (REPER)

  1. Dacian Cioloș
  2. Ramona Strugariu
  3. Dragoș Pîslaru
  4. Oana Cambera
  5. Andrei Lupu
  6. Andreea Leonte
  7. Cristian Presură
  8. Simina Tulbure
  9. Ciprian Mihali
  10. Ana Maria Boghean [37]

Social Liberal Humanist Party (PUSL)

  1. Cristian Barbu
  2. Lia Ardelean
  3. Mugur Ciuvică [38]

Notes

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Liberal Party (Romania)</span> Romanian political party

The National Liberal Party is a social-conservative political party in Romania. Re-founded in mid January 1990, shortly after the Revolution of 1989 which culminated in the fall of communism in Romania, it claims the legacy of the major political party of the same name, active between 1875 and 1947 in the Kingdom of Romania. Based on this historical legacy, it often presents itself as the first formally constituted political party in the country and the oldest of its kind from the family of European liberal parties as well.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Save Romania Union</span> Political party in Romania

The Save Romania Union is a liberal political party active in Romania, currently the third largest party in the Parliament of Romania with 41 deputies and 20 senators, and a fifth at local level nationwide, after the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ) and the People's Movement Party (PMP), two smaller centre-right political parties in the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019 Romanian presidential election</span>

Presidential elections were held in Romania on 10 November 2019, with a second round held on 24 November 2019. They were the eighth presidential elections held in post-1989 Romania. Incumbent President of Romania Klaus Iohannis, first elected in 2014, was eligible for re-election. He subsequently defeated former Prime Minister and ex-leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) Viorica Dăncilă in the second round of the election by a landslide, receiving 66% of the vote – the second-highest vote share on record in this type of elections after Ion Iliescu.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party</span> Political party in Romania

The Party of Liberty, Unity and Solidarity was a pro-European, liberal political party established on 26 October 2018, whose president was Dacian Cioloș, former Prime Minister of Romania from 2015 until 2017, elected on 26 January 2019. The party had its origin in the Movement Romania Together (MRÎ), a project which they gave up due to the setting up delay in court. The party merged in 2021 with the Save Romania Union (USR) with which it has been in a political alliance called 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance from 2019 to 2021, then formally activating as a sole, unified party known as USR PLUS.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019 Romanian referendum</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marcel Ciolacu</span> Prime Minister of Romania since 2023

Ion-Marcel Ciolacu is a Romanian politician who currently serves as the Prime Minister of Romania. He is also the leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD). As a previously little-known politician outside of Buzău County, where he owns a pastry shop and a consulting firm, Ciolacu came into national prominence when he became the deputy prime minister in 2018 in the cabinet of Prime Minister Mihai Tudose. Allegedly, he was given this office in order to report Tudose's activities to Liviu Dragnea, who had been unable to become prime minister himself and was wary of Tudose becoming a power player in the party. Ciolacu soon broke with Dragnea and became an ally of Tudose against Dragnea's leadership. After Tudose's resignation, Ciolacu was marginalized within PSD but still retained the leadership of PSD Buzău. Ciolacu once again returned to prominence in 2019 after Liviu Dragnea had been convicted on abuse of office and incitement to intellectual forgery charges, having to serve a 3 years, 6 months sentence. With the Social Democrats still controlling a majority both in the Chamber and in the Senate, Ciolacu won the position of President of the Chamber of Deputies, with 172 votes for and 120 against, previously held by Dragnea himself.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">USR PLUS</span> Romanian electoral alliance

USR PLUS was a Romanian progressive, liberal, and centrist political alliance active between 2019 and 2021. Established on 2 February 2019 solely as an electoral alliance between the political parties Save Romania Union (USR) and the Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party (PLUS) it was initially called 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance. The alliance was formed to participate together in the May 2019 European Parliament election in Romania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nicolae Ciucă</span> 70th Prime Minister of Romania

Nicolae Ionel Ciucă is a Romanian politician and retired general of the Romanian Land Forces who is serving as the president of the Senate of Romania. Ideologically a conservative, he served as Prime Minister of Romania between 25 November 2021 and 12 June 2023 after receiving widespread parliamentary support on behalf of his own party, the National Liberal Party (PNL) along with the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ). Since 10 April 2022, he has also been serving as the president of the National Liberal Party (PNL). On 12 June 2023, he resigned as Prime Minister, being temporarily replaced by Cătălin Predoiu.

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The Cîțu Cabinet was the 131st government of Romania, led by the national liberal (PNL) Prime Minister Florin Cîțu. It was removed from office after a motion of no confidence passed by the Parliament with a record of 281 votes, the largest number of votes on a motion of no confidence since the Romanian Revolution.

Events from the year 2021 in Romania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 Romanian parliamentary election</span>

Parliamentary elections are scheduled to be held in Romania on 8 December 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 Romanian presidential election</span>

Presidential elections will be held in Romania on 15 September 2024, with a possible second round to be held on 29 September if no candidate receives over 50% of the vote. They will be the ninth presidential elections held in post-1989 Romania. As the Romanian Constitution allows a maximum of two presidential terms, incumbent President of Romania Klaus Iohannis, first elected in 2014 and then re-elected in 2019, is not eligible for re-election. His second term will formally end in December 2024.

A political crisis began on 1 September 2021 in Romania, engulfing both major coalition partners of the Cîțu Cabinet, namely the conservative-liberal National Liberal Party (PNL) and the progressive-liberal Save Romania Union (USR). The crisis also involved former prime minister Ludovic Orban (PNL), who was set to face Prime Minister Florin Cîțu (PNL) in a leadership election during the party congress on 25 September, with the latter eventually replacing the former. Orban would eventually resign from his position as President of the Chamber of Deputies, with him and his supporters subsequently splitting from the PNL, in order to form the Force of the Right (FD).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 Romanian local elections</span>

Local elections are set to be held in Romania in 9 June 2024. They will be the eighth post-1989 local elections in the country. The previous Romanian local elections in 2020 were won by the National Liberal Party (PNL), even though the Social Democratic Party (PSD) came in with significantly more County Council (CJ) presidents and mayors than the national liberals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Force of the Right</span> Political party in Romania

Force of the Right, sometimes translated as Right's Force or Right Force, is a liberal-conservative political party in Romania founded in December 2021 by Ludovic Orban, former National Liberal Party (PNL) president and former Prime Minister of Romania between 2019 and 2020, in opposition to the current leadership of the PNL which is currently officially led by Nicolae Ciucă and unofficially by Klaus Iohannis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ciucă Cabinet</span> 132nd government of Romania

The Ciucă Cabinet was the 132nd government of Romania led by former Romanian Land Forces army general Nicolae Ciucă from 25 November 2021 to 12 June 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Coalition for Romania</span> Grand coalition in Romania

The National Coalition for Romania, initially referred to as the Coalition for Resilience, Development and Prosperity, is a big tent grand coalition in Romania, which includes the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the National Liberal Party (PNL). In addition, this grand coalition supports the presidency of Klaus Iohannis. The CNR also included the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ) until its withdrawal from the coalition in June 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020–2024 legislature of the Romanian Parliament</span> Current legislature of the Parliament of Romania

The 2020–2024 legislature of the Romanian Parliament is the current legislature of the Parliament of Romania, elected on 6 December 2020. In the said election, no party won an outright majority, but the Social Democratic Party (PSD) remained the largest political force in the parliament, in opposition however. The National Liberal Party (PNL), the Save Romania Union (USR), and the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ) formed a coalition government. The USR ran within a political alliance it established with a smaller party, more specifically the Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party (PLUS), which was eventually absorbed by the former. The Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR) entered parliament starting this legislature with an unexpected high score, gaining more popularity ever since.

Renewing Romania's European Project is a political party in Romania. It is a splinter of the Save Romania Union (USR) and is currently led by Dragoș Pîslaru and Ramona Strugariu as co-presidents. The party was founded in May 2022, in opposition to USR's current leadership under Cătălin Drulă. The party is mostly associated with former technocratic Prime Minister and former USR president Dacian Cioloș, who founded the party. On 7 May 2023, Pîslaru and Strugariu were voted co-presidents at the latest congress of the party.

References

  1. ↑ "Alegeri europarlamentare în România pe 9 iunie 2024" (in Romanian). CursDeGuvernare.ro. 2023-05-17. Retrieved 2023-07-21.
  2. ↑ "VIDEO Dragnea, discurs cu puternic accent naționalist / Ce spune despre el însuși: Un lider politic nebun, iresponsabil, care își riscă libertatea și spune - nu, nu suntem de acord să vă dăm resursele noastre pe degeaba!" (in Romanian). hotnews.ro. 2019-03-15. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  3. ↑ "Romania's Liviu Dragnea sentenced to jail for corruption". ft.com. 2019-05-27. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  4. ↑ "VIDEO. Liviu Dragnea, condamnat definitiv la închisoare, a ajuns la Penitenciarul Rahova" (in Romanian). digi24.ro. 2019-05-27. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  5. ↑ "Marcel Ciolacu, un președinte PSD cu o misiune imposibilă" (in Romanian). dw.com. 2020-08-24. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  6. ↑ "Guvernul PSD-PNL-UDMR a fost învestit de Parlament cu 318 voturi "pentru" / Ciucă: Ne aflăm într-un moment mult așteptat de toți românii / Ciolacu: Nu voi minți niciodată că am învins pandemia / Barna: De ce nu l-ați chemat direct pe Dragnea să îi predați Ministerul Justiției?" (in Romanian). g4media.ro. 2021-11-25. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  7. ↑ "Guvernul Ciolacu, învestit lejer de Parlament: Marcel Ciolacu: Susțin cu tărie eliminarea pensiilor pentru parlamentari, pentru a elimina apoi toate pensiile speciale / Kelemen: Dle Ciolacu, aveți grijă de PNL, aveți grijă să nu se trezească. Replica liderului PSD" (in Romanian). hotnews.ro. 2023-06-15. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  8. ↑ "Noul guvern de coalitie condus de Florin Citu a fost investit de parlament mesaj scurt al lui Iohannis la ceremonia de investire" (in Romanian). mediafax.ro. 2020-12-23. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  9. ↑ "Miniștrii USR-PLUS au demisionat în bloc" (in Romanian). dw.com. 2021-09-06. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  10. ↑ "PNL și-a ales unicul conducător / Cronologia unui congres încheiat cu demisii" (in Romanian). europalibera.org. 2021-09-25. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  11. ↑ Valică, Carmen (2022-04-10). "Nicolae Ciucă, unic candidat, a fost "ales" președinte al PNL". Europa Liberă România (in Romanian). europalibera.org. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  12. ↑ "Cine sunt membrii partidului Forța Dreptei, fondat de Ludovic Orban" (in Romanian). libertatea.ro. 2021-12-14. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  13. ↑ "Dacian Cioloș va deschide lista USR-PLUS pentru europarlamentare. Nemulțumiri în USR" (in Romanian). digi24.ro. 2019-02-02. Retrieved 2023-07-22.
  14. ↑ "USR și PLUS au fuzionat. Decizia Curții de Apel București, definitivă. Noul partid se pregătește de Congres" (in Romanian). digi24.ro. 2021-04-16. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  15. ↑ "Dacian Cioloș, ales președinte al USR PLUS cu 50,9%. Barna, învins cu 695 de voturi" (in Romanian). europalibera.org. 2021-10-01. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  16. ↑ "Este oficial! Dacian Cioloș a demisionat de la conducerea USR: Rămân în partid ca membru" (in Romanian). evz.ro. 2022-02-07. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  17. ↑ "Cătălin Drulă a fost ales președinte al USR: "De astăzi suntem toți USR. Nu mai avem timp de vedetisme și politică imatură"" (in Romanian). digi24.ro. 2022-07-10. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  18. ↑ "Europarlamentarul Nicu Ștefănuță a demisionat din USR: "Direcția pe care o are de ani buni conducerea este una pentru care nu pot gira"" (in Romanian). Digi24.ro. 2023-01-30. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  19. ↑ "Drulă, despre un pol de dreapta cu liberalii: PNL a făcut "alba-neagra" cu voturile de dreapta și le-a pus în buzunar la Marcel Ciolacu" (in Romanian). Digi24.ro. 2023-10-20. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  20. ↑ "Apare polul de dreapta pe scena politică? Drulă anunță discuții cu două partide" (in Romanian). DCNews.ro. 2023-10-11. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  21. ↑ "USR, Forța Dreptei și PMP candidează pe liste comune la alegerile pentru Parlamentul European" (in Romanian). Digi24.ro. 2023-12-18. Retrieved 2023-12-18.
  22. ↑ "Partidul REPER al lui Dacian Ciolos există oficial" (in Romanian). rfi.ro. 2022-08-03. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  23. ↑ "Romanian nationalist party AUR attracts 15,000 new virtual members". Romania-insider.com. 9 December 2020.
  24. ↑ ""Surpriza" AUR, partidul cu mesaj anti-maghiar, anti-occidental, unionist și anti-mască. Cine sunt liderii partidului: George Simion, Claudiu Târziu și Dan Tănasă". G4 Media (in Romanian). 7 December 2020. Archived from the original on 8 December 2020.
  25. ↑ "Elections 2020: A small victory for the right, but Romania won't deviate from its Western path". Middle East Institute. 10 December 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  26. ↑ "AUR și Mișcarea Legionară. Cât de valabilă este comparația între cele două partide.html". G4 Media (in Romanian). 21 December 2020.
  27. ↑ "Istoricul Madalin Hodor: "AUR este un amestec de filoane" (Ziare.com) - 10.12.2020" (in Romanian). Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
  28. ↑ "SpotMedia: Cum a crescut AUR în Frății ortodoxe". spotmedia.ro. 2020-11-12.
  29. ↑ "Romanian opposition takes narrow lead after election". BBC News . 7 December 2020. Archived from the original on 8 December 2020.
  30. ↑ "AUR și-a început emanciparea internațională" (in Romanian). dw.com. 2021-01-28. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  31. ↑ "Alegeri 2024. O nouă alianță pe scena politică din România înaintea unui an electoral important. Partidul Ecologist Român a semnat un protocol cu Partidul Verde. Florin Secară: AER pentru România își dorește să promoveze tinerii și un mod de viață curat" (in Romanian). economica.net. 2023-12-09. Retrieved 2023-12-11.
  32. ↑ https://adevarul.ro/politica/piedone-deschide-lista-pusl-la-europarlamentare-2347966.html
  33. ↑ "Opoziția fură startul în cursa pentru europarlamentare. AUR și USR sunt primele partide mari care și-au prezentat candidații" (in Romanian). euronews.ro. 2023-10-22. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  34. ↑ "Listă Candidați pentru Parlamentul European" (in Romanian). usr.ro. 2023-10-23. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  35. ↑ "Alegeri europarlamentare 2024. Lista AUR" (in Romanian). dcnews.ro. 2023-07-22. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  36. ↑ https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-politic-26992885-psd-pnl-validat-lista-finala-candidatii-europarlamentare.htm
  37. ↑ https://partidulreper.ro/semneaza/
  38. ↑ https://www.aktual24.ro/partidul-lui-dan-voiculescu-are-un-general-pe-primul-loc-la-europarlamentare-ciuvica-e-pe-locul-trei/#goog_rewarded
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