2024 European Parliament election in Spain

2024 European Parliament election in Spain

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All 61 [lower-alpha 1] Spanish seats in the European Parliament
Opinion polls
Registered	38,050,286 2.2%
Turnout	17,652,007 (46.4%) 14.3 pp
First party Second party Third party   Leader Dolors Montserrat Teresa Ribera Jorge Buxadé Party PP PSOE Vox Alliance EPP S&D Patriots Leader since 1 April 2019 24 April 2024 21 April 2019 Last election 13 seats, 20.2% 21 seats, 32.9% 4 seats, 6.2% Seats won 22 20 6 Seat change 9 1 2 Popular vote 5,996,627 5,290,945 1,688,255 Percentage 34.2% 30.2% 9.6% Swing 14.0 pp 2.7 pp 3.4 pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Diana Riba Estrella Galán Alvise Pérez Party Ahora Repúblicas Sumar SALF Alliance Greens/EFA The Left Greens/EFA The Left NI Leader since 6 February 2024 19 March 2024 22 February 2024 Last election 3 seats, 5.6% 3 seats (UPCE) [lower-alpha 2] Did not contest Seats won 3 3 3 Seat change 0 0 3 Popular vote 860,660 818,015 803,545 Percentage 4.9% 4.7% 4.6% Swing 0.7 pp n/a New party
Winner strength by province Winner strength by autonomous community

The 2024 European Parliament election in Spain was held on Sunday, 9 June 2024, as part of the EU-wide election to elect the 10th European Parliament. All 61 seats allocated to Spain as per the Treaty of Lisbon and the 2023 Council Decision establishing the composition of the European Parliament were up for election. ^{[lower-alpha 1]}

The election resulted in a victory for the opposition People's Party (PP), albeit short of the landslide victory that opinion polls had predicted a few weeks before the vote. At 34.2% and 22 seats, this was an increase of 14 percentage points and 9 seats from its 2019 performance. The ruling Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), with third deputy prime minister Teresa Ribera as its lead candidate, held its own by scoring 30.2% and 20 seats, a drop of less than three points and one seat to its 2019 result. Far-right Vox increased its count by three points and two seats to just below 10% and 6, whereas the left-wing vote split between Yolanda Díaz's Sumar alliance and former minister Irene Montero's Podemos. The election was notable for the surprise performance of social media polemicist Alvise Pérez's right-wing Se Acabó La Fiesta (Spanish for "The Party Is Over"), which scored in sixth place just below Sumar. Left-wing nationalist Ahora Repúblicas roughly maintained its share and seats from the 2019 election, whereas Carles Puigdemont's Together and Free for Europe (Junts UE) and the peripheral nationalist Coalition for a Solidary Europe saw large drops in support. The vote for liberal Citizens (Cs), which had peaked at 12.2% and 8 seats in the previous election, collapsed.

The aftermath of the election saw the resignation of Yolanda Díaz as Sumar's leader over her alliance's disappointing results and in Vox leaving the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) to join Viktor Orbán's new Patriots for Europe grouping.

Electoral system

61 members of the European Parliament were allocated to Spain as per the Treaty of Lisbon and subsequent acts. ^{[lower-alpha 1] [3] [4]} Voting was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals and resident non-national European citizens over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights. ^{[5] [6]} Amendments to the electoral law in 2022 abolished the "begged" or expat vote system (Spanish : voto rogado), under which Spaniards abroad were required to apply for voter registration before being permitted to vote. ^{[7] [8]} The expat vote system was attributed responsibility for a major decrease in the turnout of Spaniards abroad during the years it had been in force. ^[9]

All seats were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with no electoral threshold being applied in order to be entitled to enter seat distribution. Seats were allocated to a single multi-member constituency comprising the entire national territory. ^[10] The use of the electoral method resulted in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies. ^[11]

Outgoing delegation

Main article: List of members of the European Parliament for Spain, 2019–2024

Outgoing delegation in November2024 ^[12]

Groups		Parties		MEPs
				Seats	Total
	Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats		PSOE	21	21
	European People's Party		PP	13	13
	Renew Europe		Cs	7	9
			EAJ/PNV	1
			INDEP	1 [lower-alpha 3]
	The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL		Podemos	4	6
			IU	1
			Anticap.	1 [lower-alpha 4]
	European Conservatives and Reformists		Vox	4	4
	Greens–European Free Alliance		ERC	2	3
			BNG	1
	Non-Inscrits		Junts	3	3

Parties and candidates

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call. In order to be entitled to run, parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least 15,000 registered electors; this requirement could be lifted and replaced through the signature of at least 50 elected officials—deputies, senators, MEPs or members from the legislative assemblies of autonomous communities or from local city councils. Electors and elected officials were disallowed from signing for more than one list of candidates. ^[15]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy		Parties and alliances	Leading candidate		Ideology	Previous result		Ref.
						Votes (%)	Seats
	PSOE	List Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC)		Teresa Ribera	Social democracy	32.86%	21	[16]
	PP	List People's Party (PP)		Dolors Montserrat	Conservatism Christian democracy	20.15%	13	[17]
	Cs	List Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)		Jordi Cañas	Liberalism	12.18%	8	[18] [19]
	Sumar	List Unite Movement (SMR) United Left (IU) – Communist Party of Spain (PCE) – The Dawn. Marxist Organization OM (La Aurora (om)) – Ecosocialists of the Region of Murcia (ESRM) – Initiative for El Hierro (IpH) – Republican Left (IR) Greens Equo (VQ) More Madrid (MM) Catalonia in Common (CatComú) – Barcelona in Common (BComú) – Green Left (EV) Commitment Coalition (Compromís) – Més–Compromís (Més) – Valencian People's Initiative (IdPV) New Canaries–Canarian Bloc (NC–BC) Aragonese Union (CHA) Andalusian People's Initiative (IdPA) Castilian Party–Commoners' Land (PCAS–TC)		Estrella Galán	Progressivism Left-wing populism Green politics	11.39% [lower-alpha 5]	6	[20] [21] [22] [23]
	Podemos	List We Can (Podemos) Green Alliance (AV)		Irene Montero	Left-wing populism Democratic socialism			[24] [25] [26]
	Vox	List Vox (Vox)		Jorge Buxadé	Right-wing populism Ultranationalism National conservatism	6.21%	4	[27]
	Ahora Repúblicas	List Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) – Create (Sortu) – Basque Solidarity (EA) – Alternative (Alternatiba) Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) – Galician People's Union (UPG) – Galician Movement for Socialism (MGS) – Abrente–Galician Democratic Left (Abrente–EDG) – Galician Workers' Front (FOGA) Now More (Ara Més) – More for Mallorca (Més) – More for Menorca (MxMe) – Now Eivissa (Ara Eivissa)		Diana Riba	Secessionism Left-wing nationalism	5.58%	3	[28] [29] [30]
	Junts UE	List Together for Catalonia (JxCat) Democrats of Catalonia (DC) Left Movement of Catalonia (MESCat)		Toni Comín	Catalan independence Populism	4.54% [lower-alpha 6]	3	[31] [32]
	CEUS	List Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) Canarian Coalition (CCa) Yes to the Future (GBai) – Future Social Greens (GSB/GSV) – Villava Group (ATALADEA) Proposal for the Isles (El Pi)		Oihane Agirregoitia	Peripheral nationalism	2.82%	1	[33] [34]
	SALF	List The Party Is Over (Se Acabó La Fiesta)		Alvise Pérez	Right-wing populism Anti-establishment	New party		[35]

Campaign

Party slogans

Party or alliance		Original slogan	English translation	Ref.
	PSOE	« Más Europa »	"More Europe"	[36]
	PP	« Tu voto es la respuesta »	"Your vote is the answer"	[37]
	Cs	« Equipo España »	"Team Spain"	[38]
	Vox	« Nos van a oír »	"They will hear us"	[39]
	Sumar	« Marca el rumbo »	"Set the course"	[40]
	Podemos	« Así es la vida »	"That is life"	[41]
	Ahora Repúblicas ERC EH Bildu BNG Ara Més	ERC: « Europa Republicana » EH Bildu: « Nazioa gara. Orain Euskal Herria » BNG: « A voz galega en Europa » Ara Més: « La veu de les Illes a Europa »	ERC: "Republican Europe" EH Bildu: « We are a nation. Basque Country Now » BNG: « The Galician voice in Europe » Ara Més: « The voice of the Islands [lower-alpha 7] in Europe »	[42] [43] [44] [45]
	Junts UE	« Per seguir guanyant a Europa »	"To keep winning in Europe"	[46]
	CEUS EAJ/PNV CCa GBai El Pi	EAJ/PNV: « Indar Berria Europan. Tu voz importa » CCa: « El poder de nuestro acento » GBai: « Nafarroa Europan. Tu voz importa » El Pi: « Que Europa es banyi »	EAJ/PNV: "New force in Europe. Your voice matters" CCa: "The power of our accent/language" [lower-alpha 8] GBai: "Navarre in Europe. Your voice matters" El Pi: "Let Europe take a risk"	[47] [48] [49] [50]

Election debates

2024 European Parliament election debates in Spain

Date	Organisers	Moderator(s)	P Present [lower-alpha 9]   S Surrogate [lower-alpha 10]   NI Not invited  A Absent invitee
			PSOE	PP	Cs	Vox	Sumar	Podemos	AR	Junts	CEUS	Audience	Refs
18 May	La Nueva España [lower-alpha 11]	Borja Ruisánchez	S Fernández	S Solís	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	—	[51]
22 May	laSexta (El Objetivo)	Ana Pastor	P Ribera	P Montserrat	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	3.9% (404,000)
27 May	CRTVG [lower-alpha 12]	Alberto Varela	S Casares	S Mon	S Nart	NI	S Villoslada	NI	S Miranda	NI	NI	—	[52] [53]
28 May	EITB [lower-alpha 13]	Odei Esnaola	S Lainez	S Iturgaiz	NI	NI	S Larrea	S Echeveste	S Barrena	NI	P Agirregoitia		[54] [55]
29 May	El Comercio [lower-alpha 11]	Eduardo Paneque	S Fernández	S Solís	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI	—	[56]
3 June	Prisa	Àngels Barceló Carlos de Vega	P Ribera	P Montserrat	P Cañas	P Buxadé	P Galán	P Montero	NI	NI	NI		[57] [58]
3 June	Cadena SER	Eva Domaika	S Mendia	S Zarzalejos	NI	A	S Larrea	S Lapeña	S Barrena	NI	P Agirregoitia		[59]
4 June	CCMA [lower-alpha 14]	Xavi Coral	S López	S Poptcheva	P Cañas	S Girauta	S Asens	P Montero	P Riba	S Sarri	NI		[60]
4 June	EITB	Xabier Ormazabal	S Mendia	S Zarzalejos	NI	NI	S Larrea	S Serra	S Barrena	NI	P Agirregoitia		[61]
4 June	IB3 [lower-alpha 15]	Sílvia Pol Martina Ramis	S Homs	S Álvarez	S Torres	S de las Heras	S Martínez	S Pérez Díaz	S Weber	S Frau	S Prunés		[62]
6 June	RTVE	Xabier Fortes	P Ribera	P Montserrat	P Cañas	P Buxadé	P Galán	P Montero	P Riba	S Sarri	P Agirregoitia	5.6% (595,000)	[63] [64]

Opinion polls

The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll.

Voting intention estimates

The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font.

Color key:

  Poll conducted after legal ban on opinion polls

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size	Turnout						AR						SALF	Lead
2024 EP election	9 Jun 2024	—	49.2	30.2 20	34.2 22	0.7 0	3.3 2	9.6 6	4.9 3	2.5 1	1.6 1	[lower-alpha 16]	0.8 0	4.7 3	4.6 3	4.0
SocioMétrica/El Español [p 1]	30 Apr–9 Jun 2024	4,612	?	28.7 19/20	34.5 23/25	1.0 0	4.2 2/3	10.5 6/7	4.2 2/3	2.3 1	1.4 0/1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	6.3 3/4	2.9 1/2	5.8
Sigma Dos/RTVE–FORTA [p 2]	24 May–8 Jun 2024	12,000	?	30.2 20/22	32.4 21/23	1.0 0	4.4 2/3	10.4 6/7	4.3 2/3	2.1 1	1.6 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	6.3 3/4	3.9 2/3	2.2
40dB/Prisa [p 3]	6 Jun 2024	800	?	29.7 20	32.4 22	? 0	4.0 2/3	10.3 6/7	4.3 2/3	2.4 1	1.6 0/1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	6.0 3/4	3.1 1/2	2.7
Metroscopia [p 4]	3–6 Jun 2024	2,000	?	30.1 20/21	32.6 22/23	0.4 0	4.9 3	10.1 6/7	4.5 3	2.0 1	1.8 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	5.4 3/4	3.6 2	2.5
KeyData/Público [p 5]	3 Jun 2024	?	51.5	30.0 20	33.9 23	1.0 0	3.7 2	9.9 6	4.4 3	2.4 1	1.7 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	6.1 4	2.8 1	3.9
Data10/OKDiario [p 6]	2–3 Jun 2024	1,500	?	30.2 20	34.4 23	1.0 0	3.9 2	10.3 7	4.4 3	2.5 1	1.6 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	6.2 4	–	4.2
ElectoPanel/Electomanía [p 7]	1–3 Jun 2024	1,422	?	30.2 21	32.9 23	0.8 0	3.6 2	9.5 6	4.2 2	2.5 1	1.7 1	[lower-alpha 16]	1.2 0	5.9 4	2.5 1	2.7
Sigma Dos/El Mundo [p 8]	27 May–3 Jun 2024	3,535	?	30.3 20/21	33.2 22/23	? 0	4.1 2/3	10.5 6/7	4.3 2/3	1.9 1	1.4 0/1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	6.0 4	3.4 2	2.9
SocioMétrica/El Español [p 9]	30 May–2 Jun 2024	630	?	29.3 20	34.1 23	0.9 0	3.7 2	10.1 7	3.8 2	2.8 1	1.6 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	6.3 4	2.7 1	4.8
Cluster17/Agenda Pública [p 10]	29–31 May 2024	2,060	?	29.5 20/21	33.8 22/23	? 0	3.5 2	10.3 6/7	4.5 3	2.6 1	1.7 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	5.9 3/4	2.3 1	4.3
Target Point/El Debate [p 11]	29–31 May 2024	1,003	?	31.0 20/21	33.5 22/23	? 0	3.9 2	8.9 5/6	? 3	2.4 1	? 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	6.0 4	2.9 1/2	2.5
GESOP/Prensa Ibérica [p 12]	27–31 May 2024	630	?	31.5 21/22	32.0 21/22	0.9 0	4.4 2/3	8.1 5/6	5.0 3	2.0 1	1.8 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	5.8 3/4	3.7 1/2	0.5
NC Report/La Razón [p 13]	27–31 May 2024	1,000	50.8	29.2 20	35.0 23/24	? 0	3.6 2	9.9 6/7	4.9 3	2.8 1	1.9 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	6.4 4	2.2 1	5.8
ElectoPanel/Electomanía [p 14]	25–31 May 2024	3,109	?	30.0 20	33.5 23	0.8 0	3.3 2	9.2 6	4.5 3	2.5 1	2.0 1	[lower-alpha 16]	1.3 0	6.3 4	2.0 1	3.5
Sigma Dos/El Mundo [p 15]	24–31 May 2024	3,948	?	29.7 19/21	32.7 21/23	0.8 0	4.0 2/3	11.0 6/7	3.8 2	1.9 1	1.3 0/1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	6.9 4/5	3.5 2	3.0
Hamalgama Métrica/VozPópuli [p 16]	23–31 May 2024	1,000	?	29.6 20	35.1 23	0.9 0	3.5 2	10.2 6	4.5 3	2.5 1	? 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	6.3 4	2.0 1	5.5
40dB/Prisa [p 17] [p 18]	28–30 May 2024	2,000	?	30.1 20/21	33.2 22/23	1.0 0	4.0 2/3	10.7 7	4.8 3	2.1 1	1.4 0/1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	5.6 3/4	2.5 1/2	3.1
GAD3/ABC [p 19]	27–30 May 2024	1,005	?	29.8 20	34.9 23/24	? 0	3.5 2	9.7 6	4.8 3	2.4 1	1.9 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	5.9 3/4	2.4 1	5.1
CIS [p 20] [p 21]	27–30 May 2024	7,491	?	31.6–33.2	28.3– 30.5	0.7– 1.2	3.6– 3.9	9.9– 11.0	3.7– 4.1	1.5– 1.6	1.0– 1.3	[lower-alpha 16]	–	5.4– 7.1	4.9– 5.7	2.7– 3.3
Metroscopia [p 22]	28–29 May 2024	1,000	50	29.5 20/21	33.6 22/23	0.8 0	3.6 2	10.1 6/7	4.7 3/4	2.3 1	1.8 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	5.9 3/4	3.1 2	4.1
Sondaxe/La Voz de Galicia [p 23]	23–29 May 2024	1,005	?	30.1 20	34.5 24	0.7 0	3.8 2	9.9 6	4.0 2	2.3 1	2.1 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	6.4 4	2.6 1	4.4
DYM/Henneo [p 24]	23–28 May 2024	1,004	?	30.8 20/21	34.4 23	1.3 0	3.3 2	10.4 6/7	4.2 2/3	2.4 1	1.2 1	[lower-alpha 16]	1.5 0/1	5.9 4	2.8 1	3.6
Celeste-Tel/Onda Cero [p 25] [p 26]	23–28 May 2024	1,100	49.7	29.3 20	34.9 23	1.0 0	3.6 2	9.9 6	4.8 3	2.6 1	1.8 1	[lower-alpha 16]	1.1 0	6.3 4	1.9 1	5.6
SocioMétrica/El Español [p 27]	25–26 May 2024	503	?	29.4 20	34.8 24	1.4 0	3.3 2	10.7 7	4.5 2	2.7 1	1.4 0	[lower-alpha 16]	–	6.3 4	2.0 1	5.4
KeyData/Público [p 28]	25 May 2024	?	54.0	28.7 19	35.8 24	1.0 0	3.1 2	10.6 7	4.6 3	2.3 1	1.5 0	[lower-alpha 16]	–	7.4 4	2.7 1	7.1
Data10/OKDiario [p 29]	22–24 May 2024	1,500	?	29.6 20	35.4 24	0.9 0	2.9 1	10.4 7	4.7 3	2.5 1	1.7 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	6.4 4	–	5.8
GAD3/Mediaset [p 30]	21–24 May 2024	1,002	?	31.4 21	34.5 23	0.7 0	3.0 2	9.3 6	4.5 3	2.4 1	1.5 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	5.7 3	2.7 1	3.1
NC Report/La Razón [p 31]	20–24 May 2024	1,000	54.3	27.9 19	36.1 24/25	? 0	3.0 2	9.0 6	5.2 3	2.9 1/2	2.2 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	6.8 4	1.2 0	8.2
Sigma Dos/El Mundo [p 32]	20–24 May 2024	2,137	?	30.2 19/20	35.1 24/25	0.8 0	3.6 2	9.7 6/7	3.6 2	2.4 1	1.3 0/1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	7.0 4/5	2.6 1/2	4.9
ElectoPanel/El Plural [p 33]	18–24 May 2024	1,500	?	29.1 20	33.7 23	1.0 0	3.1 2	8.7 6	5.3 3	2.7 1	2.1 1	[lower-alpha 16]	1.3 0	5.8 4	1.8 1	4.6
Cluster17/Agenda Pública [p 34]	21–23 May 2024	1,640	?	28.7 19/20	34.1 23/24	? 0	3.4 2	9.6 6	4.5 3	2.6 1	1.9 1	[lower-alpha 16]	1.3 0/1	6.7 4	2.2 1	5.4
SocioMétrica/El Español [p 35]	17–19 May 2024	519	?	28.8 19	36.9 25	0.9 0	3.2 2	10.4 7	5.1 3	2.4 1	1.3 0	[lower-alpha 16]	–	7.0 4	0.8 0	8.1
NC Report/La Razón [p 36]	13–17 May 2024	1,000	58.9	27.2 18/19	36.3 24/25	? 0	2.8 1/2	9.4 6	4.9 3	2.7 1	2.1 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	7.7 5	1.4 0/1	9.1
ElectoPanel/El Plural [p 37]	12–17 May 2024	1,250	?	28.6 20	34.3 25	0.9 0	2.5 1	7.7 5	5.4 3	4.0 2	2.4 1	[lower-alpha 16]	1.3 0	5.9 4	1.1 0	5.7
CIS (Logoslab) [lower-alpha 17] [p 38]	8–17 May 2024	6,434	?	30.5 20/21	33.0 21/22	1.5 0/1	? 2/3	? 7	? 2/3	? 1	? 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	? 3/4	? 2	2.5
CIS [p 39] [p 40]			?	32.8– 35.2 21/24	27.9– 30.2 18/20	1.8– 2.6 1/2	4.4– 5.4 2/3	8.6– 10.1 5/6	3.9– 5.0 2/3	2.2– 3.0 1/2	1.1– 1.6 0/1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	5.9– 7.2 4	2.9– 3.8 1/2	4.9– 5.0
Cluster17/Agenda Pública [p 41]	14–16 May 2024	1,511	?	26.4 17/18	35.4 24	1.2 0/1	3.4 2	8.8 6	5.6 3	2.6 1	2.0 1	[lower-alpha 16]	1.4 0/1	6.6 4	3.8 2	9.0
40dB/Prisa [p 42] [p 43]	10–13 May 2024	2,000	?	30.1 20/21	33.5 22/23	1.1 0	4.0 2/3	12.6 8/9	4.6 3	2.2 1	1.9 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	5.7 3/4	–	3.4
Simple Lógica/elDiario.es [p 44] [p 45]	1–9 May 2024	1,131	?	29.9 20	36.4 24	? 0	2.0 1	10.9 7	4.8 3	2.2 1	1.1 0	[lower-alpha 16]	–	8.0 5	–	6.5
SocioMétrica/El Español [p 46]	30 Apr–4 May 2024	1,279	?	26.7 18	39.2 26	1.2 0	3.0 2	10.3 7	5.4 3	2.3 1	1.4 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	6.4 4	0.3 0	12.5
Sigma Dos/El Mundo [p 47]	24–30 Apr 2024	2,120	?	28.9 19	35.7 23	0.8 0	3.1 2	11.9 7	4.1 2	2.0 1	1.8 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	9.5 6	–	6.8
SocioMétrica/El Español [p 48]	9–12 Apr 2024	2,550	?	26.3 17	38.1 25	1.7 1	2.4 1	10.9 7	6.1 4	2.6 1	1.8 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	6.7 4	–	11.8
GAD3/Mediaset [p 49]	18–21 Mar 2024	1,017	?	26.5 18/19	37.8 25/26	0.3 0	3.5 2	9.2 6	4.4 3	2.7 1	2.4 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	7.2 4	–	11.3
SocioMétrica/El Español [p 50]	5–9 Mar 2024	2,900	?	24.5 16	40.1 26	0.9 0	1.9 1	10.6 7	4.9 3	3.0 2	1.2 0	[lower-alpha 16]	–	9.3 6	–	15.6
Ipsos/Euronews [p 51] [p 52]	23 Feb–5 Mar 2024	2,000	?	28.6 19	37.7 25	? 0	2.4 1	10.4 6	3.8 2	2.5 1	2.0 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	9.7 6	–	9.1
GAD3/ABC [p 53]	26–29 Feb 2024	1,005	?	27.1 18	38.4 26	? 0	3.0 2	8.6 6	4.3 2	2.7 1	2.4 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	7.3 5	–	11.3
SocioMétrica/El Español [p 54]	5–9 Feb 2024	2,900	?	28.1 18	38.3 25	? 0	1.0 0	11.7 7	3.2 2	3.4 2	1.5 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	10.2 6	–	10.2
NC Report/La Razón [p 55]	12–18 Jan 2024	1,000	61.5	28.3 18	37.5 25	0.4 0	1.7 1	10.4 6	3.0 2	3.3 2	2.1 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	9.1 6	–	9.2
SocioMétrica/El Español [p 56]	25–31 Dec 2023	2,309	?	28.5 19	37.1 24	1.1 0	3.3 2	11.0 7	3.2 2	4.4 2	1.3 0	[lower-alpha 16]	–	8.8 5	–	8.6
Sigma Dos/El Mundo [p 57]	15–26 Dec 2023	2,992	?	29.2 19	38.1 25	0.2 0	2.6 1	11.8 7	2.8 1	2.3 1	2.0 1	[lower-alpha 16]	–	10.1 6	–	8.9
SocioMétrica/El Español [p 58]	20–24 Nov 2023	2,109	?	29.2 19	36.8 25	1.1 0	2.0 1	10.2 6	4.2 2	5.1 3	1.3 0	[lower-alpha 16]	–	8.0 5	–	7.6
2023 general election	23 Jul 2023	—	66.6	31.7 (20)	33.1 (21)	–	[lower-alpha 16]	12.4 (7)	3.9 (2)	1.7 (1)	1.6 (1)	[lower-alpha 16]	0.7 (0)	12.3 (7)	–	1.4
November 2019 general election	10 Nov 2019	—	66.2	28.0 (18)	20.8 (13)	6.8 (4)	12.9 (8)	15.1 (10)	5.3 (3)	2.2 (1)	2.8 (1)	2.4 (1)	0.9 (0)	–	–	7.2
2019 EP election	26 May 2019	—	60.7	32.9 21	20.2 13	12.2 8	10.1 6	6.2 4	5.6 3	4.5 3	2.8 1	1.3 0	1.3 0	–	–	12.7

Voting preferences

The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences.

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size						AR					SALF	?	N	Lead
2024 EP election	9 Jun 2024	—	14.8	16.7	0.3	1.6	4.7	2.4	1.2	0.8	[lower-alpha 16]	2.3	2.2	—	50.8	1.9
GESOP/Prensa Ibérica [p 12]	27–31 May 2024	630	24.3	21.6	0.7	3.2	4.5	2.8	1.4	1.0	[lower-alpha 16]	3.5	2.8	18.8	10.6	2.7
40dB/Prisa [p 18]	28–30 May 2024	2,000	24.8	19.8	1.6	4.6	10.9	3.7	2.3	1.2	[lower-alpha 16]	4.7	1.9	11.6	6.9	5.0
CIS [p 20]	27–30 May 2024	7,491	25.0	20.8	0.4	3.0	8.2	3.0	1.0	0.8	[lower-alpha 16]	4.2	4.2	23.5	3.1	4.2
DYM/Henneo [p 59]	23–28 May 2024	1,004	25.3	26.9	1.4	2.1	8.9	2.1	1.9	0.3	[lower-alpha 16]	2.1	3.3	13.6	4.9	1.6
CIS [p 39]	8–17 May 2024	6,434	27.3	22.8	1.4	3.8	9.2	3.6	1.8	0.9	[lower-alpha 16]	5.2	3.2	16.3	2.0	4.5
40dB/Prisa [p 43]	10–13 May 2024	2,000	23.6	21.2	1.9	4.2	11.5	3.2	1.9	1.5	[lower-alpha 16]	4.1	–	12.9	8.1	2.4
Simple Lógica/elDiario.es [p 44]	1–9 May 2024	1,131	16.7	16.7	–	0.8	4.1	2.8	1.5	0.3	[lower-alpha 16]	4.2	–	–	–	Tie
CIS [p 60]	9–13 Apr 2024	3,750	19.3	19.2	–	2.3	4.7	2.2	0.9	0.7	[lower-alpha 16]	2.9	0.9	37.8	4.7	0.1
CIS [p 61]	1–4 Apr 2024	4,032	22.4	23.4	0.7	2.3	7.2	2.4	1.0	0.5	[lower-alpha 16]	5.3	–	25.0	3.5	1.0
2019 EP election	26 May 2019	—	20.9	12.8	7.8	6.4	4.0	3.6	2.9	1.8	0.8	–	–	—	35.8	8.1

Victory preferences

The table below lists opinion polling on the victory preferences for each party in the event of a European Parliament election taking place.

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size						AR			SALF	Other/ None	?	Lead
CIS [p 20]	27–30 May 2024	7,491	31.9	24.7	0.6	2.7	8.6	1.4	0.9	4.1	3.7	6.2	15.3	7.2
CIS [p 39]	8–17 May 2024	6,434	32.4	25.4	1.6	4.1	10.0	2.4	1.5	5.0	–	7.6	10.1	7.0

Victory likelihood

The table below lists opinion polling on the perceived likelihood of victory for each party in the event of a European Parliament election taking place.

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size				Other/ None	?	Lead
CIS [p 39]	8–17 May 2024	6,434	34.5	40.4	0.6	1.4	23.0	5.9

Preferred candidate

The table below lists opinion polling on candidate preferences.

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size							Other/ None/ Not care	?	Lead
			Ribera PSOE	Monts. PP	Cañas Cs	Montero Podemos	Buxadé Vox	Galán Sumar
40dB/Prisa [p 18]	28–30 May 2024	2,000	23.5	18.2	1.7	8.9	11.3	3.8	26.9	5.6	5.3
CIS [p 39]	8–17 May 2024	6,434	23.8	20.0	1.0	3.2	8.4	3.8	13.6	26.3	3.8

Voter turnout

The table below shows registered vote turnout on election day without including voters from the Census of Absent-Residents (CERA).

Region	Time
	14:00			18:00			20:00
	2019	2024	+/–	2019	2024	+/–	2019	2024	+/–
Andalusia	32.98%	26.04%	–6.94	45.18%	35.10%	–10.08	60.61%	45.29%	–15.32
Aragon	36.75%	29.96%	–6.79	51.27%	40.45%	–10.82	67.31%	52.86%	–14.45
Asturias	32.20%	27.95%	–4.25	47.26%	40.73%	–6.53	61.15%	50.91%	–10.24
Balearic Islands	29.26%	22.80%	–6.46	42.04%	30.20%	–11.84	53.62%	39.08%	–14.54
Basque Country	36.88%	29.31%	–7.57	52.37%	40.59%	–11.78	65.40%	50.89%	–14.51
Canary Islands	24.61%	18.88%	–5.73	40.03%	29.45%	–10.58	56.00%	40.70%	–15.30
Cantabria	37.29%	31.42%	–5.87	55.08%	44.80%	–10.28	67.93%	54.90%	–13.03
Castile and León	36.08%	30.46%	–5.62	52.51%	42.85%	–9.66	69.33%	55.46%	–13.87
Castilla–La Mancha	37.29%	29.38%	–7.91	52.78%	39.86%	–12.92	69.99%	51.36%	–18.63
Catalonia	35.38%	24.75%	–10.63	50.58%	33.69%	–16.89	64.23%	43.53%	–20.70
Extremadura	39.12%	28.12%	–11.00	52.46%	36.81%	–15.65	70.07%	48.31%	–21.76
Galicia	32.92%	26.47%	–6.45	50.21%	39.02%	–11.19	65.34%	50.50%	–14.84
La Rioja	38.36%	31.32%	–7.04	53.48%	40.54%	–12.94	68.85%	52.52%	–16.33
Madrid	35.13%	31.98%	–3.15	51.51%	44.66%	–6.85	67.26%	56.31%	–10.95
Murcia	35.40%	28.97%	–6.43	48.39%	37.05%	–11.34	62.56%	48.25%	–14.31
Navarre	39.04%	30.76%	–8.28	55.41%	41.30%	–14.11	70.40%	52.76%	–17.64
Valencian Community	38.47%	33.14%	–5.33	51.48%	42.63%	–8.85	64.33%	53.69%	–10.64
Ceuta	24.51%	16.77%	–7.74	40.65%	24.45%	–16.20	55.22%	32.58%	–22.64
Melilla	25.02%	16.15%	–8.87	41.88%	23.96%	–17.92	59.73%	33.16%	–26.57
Total	34.75%	27.99%	–6.76	49.45%	38.35%	–11.10	64.30%	49.21%	–15.18
Sources [65]

Results

Overall

For results by autonomous community/constituency, see Results breakdown of the 2024 European Parliament election in Spain.

← Summary of the 9 June 2024 European Parliament election results in Spain →

Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	People's Party (PP)	5,996,627	34.21	+14.06	22	+9
	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	5,290,945	30.19	–2.67	20	–1
	Vox (Vox)	1,688,255	9.63	+3.42	6	+2
	Republics Now (ERC–EH Bildu–BNG–Ara Més)	860,660	4.91	–0.67	3	±0
	Unite (Sumar)1	818,015	4.67	n/a	3	±0
	The Party Is Over (Se Acabó La Fiesta)	803,545	4.58	New	3	+3
	We Can (Podemos)1	578,007	3.30	n/a	2	–1
	Together and Free for Europe (Junts UE)2	442,297	2.52	–2.02	1	–2
	Coalition for a Solidary Europe (CEUS)	284,888	1.63	–1.19	1	±0
	Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)3	135,691	0.77	–0.55	0	±0
	Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)	122,292	0.70	–11.48	0	–8
	Workers' Front (FO)	66,039	0.38	New	0	±0
	The Forgotten Spain Exists–Municipalists–Fair World (Existe)4	40,292	0.23	+0.06	0	±0
	Spanish Left (IzqEsp)	32,766	0.19	New	0	±0
	Feminists to the Congress (PFAC)	29,236	0.17	New	0	±0
	European Justice (IE)	26,611	0.15	New	0	±0
	Andalusia Now (Andalucistas)5	22,965	0.13	+0.02	0	±0
	Volt Spain (Volt)	22,020	0.13	–0.01	0	±0
	Blank Seats to Leave Empty Seats (EB)	19,586	0.11	New	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE)	15,281	0.09	±0.00	0	±0
	Pirates–Rebel Alliance–European Pirates (Pirates/Rebeldes)	14,484	0.08	+0.01	0	±0
	PCPE–PCPC Coalition (PCPE–PCPC)6	11,177	0.06	–0.07	0	±0
	Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)7	9,677	0.06	+0.01	0	±0
	Spanish Food Sovereignty (SAE)	9,311	0.05	New	0	±0
	Believe in Europe (Cree en Europa)8	9,276	0.05	–0.01	0	±0
	Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero)	7,618	0.04	–0.18	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	6,550	0.04	±0.00	0	±0
	Country and Rural Movement (PMR)	6,541	0.04	New	0	±0
	Salamanca–Zamora–León PREPAL (PREPAL)	6,456	0.04	New	0	±0
	Galician Party (GLG)	5,719	0.03	New	0	±0
	Future (F)	5,671	0.03	New	0	±0
	Together for Extremadura (JUEX)	5,611	0.03	New	0	±0
	Workers' Revolutionary Current (CRT)	5,165	0.03	New	0	±0
	Extremadurans (PREx–CREx)	3,509	0.02	–0.03	0	±0
Blank ballots		124,655	0.71	–0.26
Total		17,527,438			61	+2
Valid votes		17,527,438	99.29	+0.15
Invalid votes		124,569	0.71	–0.15
Votes cast / turnout		17,652,007	46.39	–14.34
Abstentions		20,398,279	53.61	+14.34
Registered voters		38,050,286
Sources [66]
Footnotes: 1 Within the United We Can Change Europe and Commitment to Europe alliances in the 2019 election. 2 Together and Free for Europe results are compared to Free for Europe totals in the 2019 election. 3 Animalist Party with the Environment results are compared to Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals totals in the 2019 election. 4 The Forgotten Spain Exists–Municipalists–Fair World results are to the combined totals of For a Fairer World and Centrists for Europe in the 2019 election. 5 Andalusia Now results are compared to Andalusia by Herself totals in the 2019 election. 6 PCPE–PCPC Coalition results are compared to Communists totals in the 2019 election. 7 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO results are compared to FE de las JONS–Spanish Alternative–La Falange–National Democracy totals in the 2019 election. 8 Believe in Europe results are compared to With You, We Are Democracy totals in the 2019 election.

Popular vote PP   34.21% PSOE   30.19% Vox   9.63% Ahora Repúblicas   4.91% Sumar   4.67% SALF   4.58% Podemos   3.30% Junts UE   2.52% CEUS   1.63% Others   3.65% Blank ballots   0.71%

Seats PP   36.07% PSOE   32.79% Vox   9.84% Ahora Repúblicas   4.92% Sumar   4.92% SALF   4.92% Podemos   3.28% Junts UE   1.64% CEUS   1.64%

Distribution by European group

Summary of political group distribution in the 10th European Parliament (2024–2029) ^[67]

Groups		Parties	Seats	Total	%
	European People's Party (EPP)	People's Party (PP)	22	22	36.07
	Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D)	Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)	20	20	32.79
	Patriots for Europe (PfE)	Vox (Vox)	6	6	9.84
	Greens–European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA)	Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) Catalonia in Common (CatComú) Més–Compromís (Més)	1 1 1 1	4	6.56
	The Left in the European Parliament–GUE/NGL (The Left)	We Can (Podemos) Unite Movement (SMR) Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)	2 1 1	4	6.56
	Renew Europe (RE)	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	1	1	1.61
	Non-Inscrits (NI)	The Party Is Over (Se Acabó La Fiesta) Together for Catalonia (Junts)	3 1	4	6.56
Total			61	61	100.00

Elected legislators

The following table lists the elected legislators:

Elected legislators
#	Name	List
1	Dolors Montserrat Montserrat		PP
2	Teresa Ribera Rodríguez		PSOE
3	María del Carmen Crespo Díaz		PP
4	Iratxe García Pérez		PSOE
5	Alma Lucía Ezcurra Almansa		PP
6	Javi López Fernández		PSOE
7	Jorge Buxadé Villalba		Vox
8	Esteban González Pons		PP
9	Hana Jalloul Muro		PSOE
10	Fernando Francisco Navarrete Rojas		PP
11	Javier Moreno Sánchez		PSOE
12	Francisco Javier Zarzalejos Nieto		PP
13	Lina Gálvez Muñoz		PSOE
14	Diana Riba i Giner		Ahora Repúblicas
15	María Rosa Estarás Ferragut		PP
16	Hermann Leopold Tertsch del Valle-Lersundi		Vox
17	Estrella Galán Pérez		Sumar
18	Luis Pérez Fernández		SALF
19	Jonás Fernández Álvarez		PSOE
20	Francisco José Ricardo Millán Mon		PP
21	Pilar del Castillo Vera		PP
22	Leire Pajín Iraola		PSOE
23	Adrián Vázquez Lázara		PP
24	César Luena López		PSOE
25	Irene Montero Gil		Podemos
26	Juan Carlos Girauta Vidal		Vox
27	Gabriel Mato Adrover		PP
28	Idoia Mendia Cueva		PSOE
29	Raúl de la Hoz Quintano		PP
30	Nicolás González Casares		PSOE
31	María Esther Herranz García		PP
32	Antoni Comín i Oliveres		Junts UE
33	Cristina Maestre Martín de Almagro		PSOE
34	Pernando Barrena Arza		Ahora Repúblicas
35	Juan Ignacio Zoido Álvarez		PP
36	Mireia Borrás Pabón		Vox
37	Jaume Asens Llodrà  [ ca; es ]		Sumar
38	Juan Fernando López Aguilar		PSOE
39	Diego Solier Fernández		SALF
40	Susana Solís Pérez		PP
41	Sandra Gómez López		PSOE
42	Pablo Arias Echeverría		PP
43	Antonio Javier López-Istúriz White		PP
44	Ignacio Sánchez Amor		PSOE
45	Margarita de la Pisa Carrión		Vox
46	Isabel Benjumea Benjumea		PP
47	Laura Ballarín Cereza		PSOE
48	Francisco de Borja Giménez Larraz		PP
49	Marcos Ros Sempere		PSOE
50	María Elena Nevado del Campo		PP
51	Rosa María Serrano Sierra		PSOE
52	Isabel Serra Sánchez		Podemos
53	Ana Miranda Paz		Ahora Repúblicas
54	Nicolás Pascual de la Parte		PP
55	Oihane Agirregoitia Martinez		CEUS
56	Jorge Martín Frías		Vox
57	Elena Sancho Murillo		PSOE
58	Maravillas Inmaculada Abadía Jover		PP
59	Vicent Marzà Ibáñez		Sumar
60	Nora Junco García		SALF
61	José Carmelo Cepeda García de León		PSOE

Notes

1. Note that while the Treaty of Lisbon initially allocated 54 seats to Spain, it was awarded five additional seats as a result of Brexit, and a further two following a European Council Decision in 2023 increasing the size of the European Parliament to 720 seats. ^{[1] [2]}
2. Within the Podemos–IU and CpE alliances in the 2019 election.
3. Javier Nart, former Cs MEP. ^[13]
4. Miguel Urbán, former Podemos MEP. ^[14]
5. Results for Podemos–IU (10.07%, 6 seats) and CpE (1.32%, 0 seats) in the 2019 election.
6. Results for Junts in the 2019 election.
7. Catalan les Illes specifically refers to the Balearic Islands in this context.
8. Spanish acento has double meaning, referring to both the Canarian spoken language and to put emphasis in something.
9. Denotes a main invitee attending the event.
10. Denotes a main invitee not attending the event, sending a surrogate in their place.
11. Asturias-specific debate.
12. Galician-spoken debate.
13. Basque-spoken debate.
14. Catalan-spoken debate.
15. Catalan-spoken Balearic Islands-specific debate.
16. Within Sumar.
17. Alternative projection based on raw CIS data.

References

Opinion poll sources

1. "El PP habría ganado con claridad las europeas pero el PSOE retendría un alto nivel de apoyo". El Español (in Spanish). 9 June 2023.
2. "Sondeo elecciones europeas en España: el PP ganaría al PSOE por casi dos puntos y podrían empatar en escaños". RTVE (in Spanish). 9 June 2023.
3. "[E] ESPAÑA. Encuesta 40dB. 09/06/2024: PP 32,4% (22), PSOE 29,7% (20), VOX 10,3% (6/7), SUMAR 6,0% (3/4)". Electográfica (in Spanish). 9 June 2024.
4. "[E] ESPAÑA. Encuesta Metroscopia. 09/06/2024: PP 32,6% (22/23), PSOE 30,1% (20/21), VOX 10,1% (6/7), SUMAR 5,4% (3/4)". Electográfica (in Spanish). 9 June 2024.
5. "El PSOE remonta en campaña y recorta distancias con el PP, según las encuestas". Público (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
6. "El PP ganará las europeas, pero reduce su ventaja sobre el PSOE al perder un escaño en favor de Vox". OKDiario (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
7. "ElectoPanel Europeo (3J – Final): PP y PSOE, cerca". El Debate (in Spanish). 2 June 2024.
8. "El tracking final del 9-J: el PP mantiene tres puntos de ventaja sobre un PSOE que aprovecha el hundimiento de Sumar". El Mundo (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
9. "Sprint final en las europeas: el PP ganaría hoy pero el PSOE acecha a menos de 5 puntos". El Español (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
10. "Encuesta: el PSOE se aproxima al PP, mientras Vox sigue creciendo en la recta final de la campaña". Agenda Pública (in Spanish). 2 June 2024.
11. "El PP reduce su ventaja a 2,5 puntos y el PSOE crece, inmune al caso Begoña y a la amnistía". El Debate (in Spanish). 2 June 2024.
12. "Elecciones europeas: el PSOE logra empatar con el PP en la recta final de la campaña". El Periódico de España (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
13. "El PP supera en seis puntos al PSOE y gana más de diez parlamentarios". La Razón (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
14. "ElectoPanel EUROPEO (2J): PP y PSOE rozan el empate técnico". Electomanía (in Spanish). 2 June 2024.
15. "La polarización de Sánchez da alas a los extremos: Vox crece a costa del PP y el PSOE recorta". El Mundo (in Spanish). 1 June 2024.
16. "El PP triunfaría en las elecciones europeas con diez escaños más y tres de ventaja sobre el PSOE". VozPópuli (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
17. "El PP mantiene tres puntos de ventaja sobre el PSOE en la recta final de la campaña". El País (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
18. "La UE y las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo. Ola 2. Junio 2024" (PDF). 40dB (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
19. "El PP ganará las elecciones europeas el 9J con cinco puntos y cuatro escaños más que el PSOE". ABC (in Spanish). 2 June 2024.
20. "Campaña de las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo 2024 (Estudio nº 3460. Mayo 2024)". CIS (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
21. "Estimación de voto (Estudio nº 3460. Campaña de las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo 2024)". CIS (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
22. "El PSOE se acerca al PP en las europeas, Vox, tercera fuerza y Alvise lograría dos escaños". The Objective (in Spanish). 31 May 2024.
23. "El PP ganará las elecciones europeas con 4,4 puntos de ventaja sobre el PSOE". La Voz de Galicia (in Spanish). 2 June 2024.
24. "Encuesta DYM. El PP duplica escaños y ganaría el 9J, mientras el PSOE resiste y Sumar y Podemos pugnan por su espacio". 20 minutos (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
25. "El PP, claro vencedor de las europeas, según Celeste-Tel". Onda Cero (in Spanish). 31 May 2024.
26. "[E] ESPAÑA. Encuesta Celeste-Tel 31/05/2024: PP 34,9% (23), PSOE 29,3% (20), VOX 9,9% (6), SUMAR 6,3% (4)". Electográfica (in Spanish). 31 May 2024.
27. "El PP ganaría hoy las europeas por 5,4 puntos pero el PSOE recorta otros 3 esta semana". El Español (in Spanish). 27 May 2024.
28. "El PP arranca la campaña de las europeas con una ventaja de cinco eurodiputados sobre el PSOE, según las encuestas". Público (in Spanish). 25 May 2024.
29. "El PP ganará las europeas con 4 diputados más que el PSOE, Vox sube e Irene Montero tendrá escaño". OKDiario (in Spanish). 26 May 2024.
30. "Barómetro Mediaset. Voto estimado al Parlamento Europeo". GAD3 (in Spanish). 28 May 2024.
31. "Sánchez resiste a sus últimas crisis y Feijóo mantiene su victoria el 9J". La Razón (in Spanish). 27 May 2024.
32. "El PP triunfará en las elecciones europeas con dos millones de votos de PSOE y Ciudadanos". El Mundo (in Spanish). 26 May 2024.
33. "Encuesta Elecciones europeas: El PP experimenta una caída frente a la subida del PSOE y las opciones de extrema derecha". El Plural (in Spanish). 26 May 2024.
34. "PSOE y Vox aprovechan los primeros días de campaña ante unas elecciones consideradas por los españoles más decisivas que las anteriores". Agenda Pública (in Spanish). 27 May 2024.
35. "El PP ganaría por 8 puntos las europeas pero el PSOE le recorta más de 4 tras las catalanas". El Español (in Spanish). 20 May 2024.
36. "El PP ganaría las elecciones europeas con holgura y arrancaría casi 700.000 votos al PSOE". La Razón (in Spanish). 20 May 2024.
37. "Encuesta Elecciones europeas: Resultados muy ajustados entre bloques". El Plural (in Spanish). 19 May 2024.
38. "Más allá de los cálculos de Tezanos: nueve preguntas y algunas respuestas sobre qué pasará el 9J". infoLibre (in Spanish). 24 May 2024.
39. "Preelectoral elecciones al Parlamento Europeo 2024 (Estudio nº 3458. Mayo 2024)". CIS (in Spanish). 23 May 2024.
40. "Estimación de voto (Estudio nº 3458. Preelectoral elecciones al Parlamento Europeo 2024)". CIS (in Spanish). 23 May 2024.
41. "El Partido Popular ganaría las elecciones europeas con una delegación española más derechizada". Agenda Pública (in Spanish). 17 May 2024.
42. "El PP redobla su presencia en Europa, el PSOE aguanta y Vox se dispara". El País (in Spanish). 20 May 2024.
43. "La UE y las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo. Mayo 2024" (PDF). 40dB (in Spanish). 20 May 2024.
44. "El PP afronta las europeas con seis puntos de ventaja sobre el PSOE y Vox supera a Sumar". elDiario.es (in Spanish). 21 May 2024.
45. "[E] ESPAÑA. Encuesta Simple Lógica 21/05/2024: PP 36,4% (24), PSOE 29,9% (20), VOX 10,9% (7), 8,0% (5)". Electográfica (in Spanish). 21 May 2024.
46. "El PP aventaja al PSOE en 12,5 puntos en europeas y se acerca a la mayoría absoluta en unas generales". El Español (in Spanish). 6 May 2024.
47. "Feijóo se despega ya siete puntos de Sánchez y el PP doblaría su representación en Europa". El Mundo (in Spanish). 4 May 2024.
48. "El PP superaría al PSOE en 12 puntos en las europeas y en unas generales, con Sumar en acusada caída". El Español (in Spanish). 14 April 2024.
49. "Barómetro Mediaset. Elecciones generales y europeas". GAD3 (in Spanish). 26 March 2024.
50. "Koldo y amnistía hunden al PSOE: el PP ganaría hoy las europeas por 15 puntos y las generales por casi 12". El Español (in Spanish). 10 March 2024.
51. "El PP duplicará diputados en la Eurocámara, el PSOE cae 4 puntos y pierden los independentistas". El Español (in Spanish). 19 March 2024.
52. "Européennes: vers une progression de la droite radicale au Parlement européen?". Ipsos (in French). 19 March 2024.
53. "El PP ganaría las elecciones europeas con una ventaja aún mayor sobre el PSOE que el 23J". ABC (in Spanish). 4 March 2024.
54. "El PP incrementa hasta más de 10 puntos su ventaja sobre el PSOE ante las elecciones europeas". El Español (in Spanish). 11 February 2024.
55. "El PP ganaría las elecciones europeas con holgura y arrancaría casi 700.000 votos al PSOE". La Razón (in Spanish). 27 January 2024.
56. "El PP ganaría las europeas con casi 9 puntos sobre el PSOE y Podemos lograría dos escaños". El Español (in Spanish). 7 January 2024.
57. "El PP ganaría por nueve puntos al PSOE, dobla su representación e Irene Montero conseguiría un escaño para Podemos en las europeas". El Mundo (in Spanish). 2 January 2024.
58. "El PP ganaría al PSOE por 7,6 puntos y cinco escaños si las elecciones europeas se celebrasen hoy". El Español (in Spanish). 27 November 2023.
59. "PP y Vox doblan el número de escaños y el PSOE y sus socios quedan en minoría". Diario de León (in Spanish). 3 June 2024.
60. "Opiniones y actitudes ante la Unión Europea (Estudio nº 3452. Abril 2024)". CIS (in Spanish). 23 April 2024.
61. "Barómetro de abril 2024 (Estudio nº 3450. Abril 2024)". CIS (in Spanish). 11 April 2024.

Other

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2. "The European Council establishes the composition of the European Parliament". European Council . 22 September 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
3. Lisbon (2007) , art.1, introducing art. 9A of the Treaty on European Union.
4. EUCO Dec. 2023/2061 (2023) , art. 3.
5. LOREG (1985) , tit. VI, ch. I, art. 210.
6. Lisbon (2007) , art. 2, amending art. 17 of the Treaty establishing the European Community ( Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union ).
7. LOREG (1985) , tit. I, ch. VI, art. 75.
8. Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Archived from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
9. Araque Conde, Pilar (8 June 2022). "El Congreso acaba con el voto rogado: diez años de trabas burocráticas para los residentes en el extranjero". Público (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
10. LOREG (1985) , tit. VI, ch. IV, art. 214–216.
11. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
12. "MEPs European Parliament - Advanced search". European Parliament . Retrieved 10 January 2024.
13. García de Blas, Elsa (5 September 2019). "El eurodiputado Javier Nart abandona Ciudadanos aunque mantiene su acta". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 January 2024.
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15. LOREG (1985) , tit. VI, ch. VI, art. 220.
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18. "Ciudadanos se presentará a las próximas elecciones europeas y a las catalanas". El Confidencial (in Spanish). EFE. 21 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
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22. "Sumar registra hoy la coalición a las europeas tras los últimos pactos, sin concretar la lista completa". Valencia Plaza (in Spanish). 26 April 2024. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
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27. "Vox confirma a Ignacio Garriga como candidato a presidir la Generalitat catalana". ABC (in Spanish). EFE. 24 March 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
28. "ERC elige a Diana Riba como cabeza de lista a las europeas". elDiario.es (in Spanish). 6 February 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
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31. "Carles Puigdemont anuncia que será el candidato de Junts a las elecciones catalanas" (in Spanish). Cadena SER. 21 March 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
32. "Toni Comín será el candidato de Junts a las elecciones europeas del 9 de junio". elDiario.es (in Spanish). Agencias. 10 April 2024. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
33. Rioja Andueza, Iñaki (27 January 2024). "Oihane Agirregoitia, candidata del PNV para salvar el escaño en Europa previsiblemente sin Junts". elDiario.es (in Spanish). Vitoria. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
34. Rioja Andueza, Iñaki (9 March 2024). "CC aprueba acudir a las Elecciones Europeas en alianza electoral con el PNV para que Canarias "tenga voz" en la UE" (in Spanish). Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Europa Press. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
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36. "PSOE y PP activan la maquinaria electoral para las europeas con discursos centrados en "el trabajo común"" (in Spanish). Cadena SER. Agencias. 19 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
37. "El PP elige 'Tu voto es la respuesta' como lema de las europeas para contestar a Sánchez: "Es ahora o nunca"" (in Spanish). Madrid: Europa Press. 17 May 2024. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
38. "Cañas presenta el lema 'Equipo España' para las elecciones europeas y asegura que CS será "la sorpresa electoral"". Infobae (in Spanish). 21 May 2024. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
39. "'Nos van a oír', lema de Vox para las elecciones europeas". Burgos Noticias (in Spanish). 23 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
40. "Sumar elige 'Marca el rumbo' como lema de campaña en las europeas y cartelería con su candidata al 9-J junto a Díaz" (in Spanish). Madrid: Europa Press. 20 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
41. ""Así es la vida", el lema de campaña de Irene Montero para las europeas contra el "conformismo del bipartidismo"". Público (in Spanish). 21 March 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
42. "Riba (ERC) acusa a PSC y Junts de "comprar las tesis de la extrema derecha" en la UE" (in Spanish). Barcelona: Europa Press. 23 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
43. "Barrena dice que EH Bildu será "la voz de la Euskal Herria antifascista en Europa"" (in Spanish). Bilbao: Europa Press. 18 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
44. "El BNG apela a ser "la voz gallega" en Europa para defender "los intereses" de Galicia" (in Spanish). Cadena SER. Europa Press. 21 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
45. "Ara Més - Ara Repúbliques comença la campanya per a «ser la veu de les Illes Balears a Europa»". dBalears (in Catalan). 23 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
46. "Comín concurre a las europeas con el lema 'Para seguir ganando en Europa' y contará con Puigdemont" (in Spanish). Barcelona: Europa Press. 21 May 2024. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
47. "El PNV abrirá la campaña en Hondarribia, mientras EH Bildu, PSE, PP y Sumar lo harán en Bilbao". Deia (in Spanish). 21 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
48. "CC se postula como la alternativa "fiable" y "efectiva" para defender los intereses de Canarias en Europa". InfoNorte Digital (in Spanish). 24 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
49. "Geroa Bai quiere ser la voz de Navarra en "una Europa fuerte, social y democrática"". Noticias de Navarra (in Spanish). EFE. 23 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
50. "Prunés (El Pi): «Farem que Europa ens ajudi a resoldre els problemes de les Balears»". dBalears (in Catalan). 18 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
51. "El debate de las europeas, en LA NUEVA ESPAÑA: PSOE y PP se disputan el voto ante un ciclo "clave para la competitividad de Asturias"". La Nueva España (in European Spanish). 18 May 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
52. "Debate na CRTVG: Eleccións ao Parlamento Europeo 2024" (in Galician). CRTVG. 26 May 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
53. "O modelo de UE e o papel da Galiza en Bruxelas centraron o debate na CRTVG, emitido en horario de baixa audiencia". Nós Diario (in Galician). Santiago de Compostela. 27 May 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
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55. "La gestión de los fondos europeos, la situación del sector primario y la migración, temas centrales del debate" (in Spanish). EITB. 29 May 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
56. "Vídeo: El debate definitivo entre Jonás Fernández y Susana Solís". El Comercio (in European Spanish). 29 May 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
57. "El debate central de las elecciones europeas, el lunes en PRISA Media" [The main debate of the European elections, Monday on PRISA Media] (in Spanish). Cadena SER. 31 May 2024. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
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61. "Segundo debate electoral de las europeas, esta noche, en ETB2, Radio Euskadi, Radio Vitoria y eitb.eus" [Second electoral debate of the European Parliament elections, tonight on ETB2, Radio Euskadi, Radio Vitoria and eitb.eus] (in Spanish). EITB. 3 June 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
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Bibliography

• Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5/1985). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Vol. 147. 19 June 1985 [version as of 2 February 2024]. ISSN   0212-033X. BOE-A-1985-11672. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
• Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community, signed at Lisbon, 13 December 2007. Official Journal of the European Union. Vol. 50. 17 December 2007. ISSN   1725-2423. 12007L/TXT . Retrieved 11 November 2023.
• European Council Decision (EU) establishing the composition of the European Parliament (European Council Decision (EU) 2023/2061). Official Journal of the European Union. Vol. 66. 22 September 2023. ISSN   1725-2423. 32023D2061 . Retrieved 11 November 2023.

External links

• Official website