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Politics of Lithuania takes place in a framework of a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the president of Lithuania is the head of state and the prime minister of Lithuania is the head of government, and of a multi-party system.
The prime minister of Lithuania is the head of the government of Lithuania. The prime minister is Lithuania's head of government and is appointed by the president with the assent of the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of prime minister was established in 1990, when Lithuania declared its independence, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25 November 1992.
The Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian Democrats, also colloquially known as the Conservatives, is a centre-right political party in Lithuania. It has 18,000 members and 50 of 141 seats in the Seimas. Its current leader is Gabrielius Landsbergis, who replaced Andrius Kubilius in 2015. It is a member of the European People's Party (EPP) and the International Democracy Union (IDU).
The Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union is a green-conservative and agrarian political party in Lithuania led by Ramūnas Karbauskis. The party is considered one of the main representatives of the left wing of Lithuanian politics. Lithuanian journalist Virgis Valentinavicius described the party as "the mixture of the extreme left in economic matters and the extreme right in some social issues, all spiced up with an anti-establishment rhetoric of radical change".
The Government of Lithuania, officially the Government of the Republic of Lithuania, is the cabinet of Lithuania, exercising executive power in the country. Among other responsibilities, it executes laws and resolutions of the parliament, the Seimas, and the decrees of the President, manages state property and, together with the president, executes the foreign policy of the country. The Government also has the right of legislative initiative, puts together the state budget and presents it to the Seimas for approval.
The Lithuanian Union of Political Prisoners and Deportees was a political party in Lithuania between 1990 and 2004. It represented interest of those repressed by the Soviet regime, particularly political prisoners and deportees to Siberia, as well as of the activist struggling for Lithuanian independence.
Ingrida Šimonytė is a Lithuanian politician, public servant and economist who is serving as the 17th and current prime minister of Lithuania since 2020. She has been a Member of the Seimas for the Antakalnis constituency since 2016 and was Minister of Finance in the second Kubilius cabinet from 2009 until 2012. Šimonytė was a candidate in the 2019 presidential election, but lost in the second round runoff to Gitanas Nausėda. She has been a member of Homeland Union since 2022, having previously been an independent politician.
Gabrielius Landsbergis is a Lithuanian politician and academic serving as the current Lithuanian minister of Foreign Affairs since 2020 in the Šimonytė Cabinet. A member of the Seimas for the Žaliakalnis constituency, and a former member of the European Parliament with the Group of the European People's Party. He has been the Chairman of the Homeland Union since 2015. In late 2023, 1,8% of Lithuanians viewed him favourably.
Parliamentary elections were held in Lithuania on 9 and 23 October 2016 to elect the 141 members of the Seimas. 71 were elected in single-member constituencies using the two-round system, and the remaining 70 in a single nationwide constituency using proportional representation. The first round was held on 9 October and the second round on 23 October.
Saulius Skvernelis is a Lithuanian politician who served as prime minister of Lithuania between 2016 and 2020. He had previously served as police commissioner, and was Minister of the Interior from 2014 to 2016. Though he was an independent politician, he was backed by the Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union and was a member of its parliamentary group until 2022, as a result of which he became the first head of government in European history primarily backed by a green party.
Presidential elections were held in Lithuania on 12 May 2019, with a second round held on 26 May 2019. Due to a constitutional limit of two terms in office, incumbent president Dalia Grybauskaitė was unable to run, having won the 2009 and 2014 elections.
Parliamentary elections were held in Lithuania on 11 and 25 October 2020 to elect the 141 members of the Seimas. 71 were elected in single-member constituencies using the two-round system, and the remaining 70 in a single nationwide constituency using proportional representation. The first round was held on 11 October and the second round on 25 October.
The Freedom Party is a political party in Lithuania, founded on 1 June 2019 and led by former Liberal Movement member Aušrinė Armonaitė.
Stasys Jakeliūnas is a Lithuanian politician currently serving as a Member of the European Parliament (EP) for the populist Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union. Jakeliūnas has previously spent one incomplete term as MP at the Lithuanian Seimas, having been elected in 2016.
The 2017 Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian Democrats leadership election took place on 11–12 February 2017 to elect the leader of the Homeland Union - Lithuanian Christian Democrats.
The 2021 Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian Democrats leadership election was planned to take place on 27–28 March 2021 to elect the leader of the Homeland Union - Lithuanian Christian Democrats.
Presidential elections are due to be held in Lithuania on 12 May 2024, alongside a referendum on allowing multiple citizenships, using the two-round system. A second round will be held two weeks later if no candidate receives an absolute majority of the vote.
Laurynas Kasčiūnas is a Lithuanian right-wing politician, political analyst, Member of the Seimas for the Homeland Union and Minister of National Defence of Lithuania since 25 March 2024, replacing Arvydas Anušauskas.
References
- ↑ "European Elections 2024 | News | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu. 2023-12-20. Retrieved 2024-02-16.
- ↑ "Lithuania - How to vote". European elections 2024: all you need to know. Retrieved 2024-02-16.
- 1 2 Liubertaitė, Agnė; Naureckaitė, Indrė (2023-09-28). "Darbą netrukus baigs 11 europarlamentarų: atskleidė ateities planus ir atvirai rėžė, ką vienas apie kitą galvoja". Lrytas.lt (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 2024-04-05.
- ↑ Jaruševičiūtė-Mockuvienė, Gailė (2023-11-14). "Jakeliūnas europarlamentaro posto nebesieks – prarado Karbauskio palaikymą". Delfi (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 2024-04-05.
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