Substitute (elections)

Last updated

A substitute is a political candidate who is not directly elected, but who succeeds a politician holding an elected office after that person ceases to hold the office due to, for example, resignation or death. This system can be used to fill casual vacancies instead of holding by-elections or special elections to fill the vacant office. Substitutes are nominated, not at the time the vacancy arises but, rather, before the election for the information of voters. In voting systems which use electoral lists, the candidates on a given list who are not among those initially elected may become the substitutes for those who are. In other systems, individual candidates may have substitutes.

Contents

Belgium

In Belgian federal parliamentary elections, each electoral list has both a list of "effective" candidates and a list of "substitutes" (Dutch : opvolgers; French : suppléants). The system was introduced as part of the law of 29 December 1899 introducing proportional representation. Before that, by-elections were held to succeed members.

For municipal and provincial elections, as well as those for the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region since 2019, there is only one list, and substitutes are designated, according to various systems from one region to another, on the base of their own preferential votes, weighted or not with list votes, i.e. not for one or several specific candidate(s).

France

In the elections for the French National Assembly, each candidate is on a ticket with a substitute (French : Suppléant), who assumes the functions of the elected deputy if he or she dies, enters the executive government, if the Government appoints her or him to an assignment of more than six months' duration, or if he or she is appointed to the Constitutional Council or Defender of Rights (Défenseur des droits). [1]

If the deputy resigns, or their election is determined to be invalid, a by-election (French : élections legislatives partielles) is held instead.

The Electoral Code does not provide for any age restriction to be appointed alternate. For the Fourteenth Legislature (2012 - 2017), the youngest Deputy-Substitute in France was Nicolas Brien, born in 1989, who was elected in Allier's 2nd constituency.

Examples

2017
2018
2019
2020
2021

Philippines

In the Philippines, a substitute is a person who replaces the candidate up to midday of election day. The Commission on Elections only allows substution for certain reasons and on certain periods, if the original candidate dies, withdraws or is disqualified; after a certain date, substitution via withdrawal is prohibited, and a candidate can only be substituted by someone who has the same surname as the original candidate. Furthermore, only candidates who were nominated by a political party can be substituted. [9]

If a vacancy occurs after the term of office begins, substitutes do not replace the original candidate:

Examples

Related Research Articles

Elections in the Philippines are of several types. The president, vice-president, and the senators are elected for a six-year term, while the members of the House of Representatives, governors, vice-governors, members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, mayors, vice-mayors, members of the Sangguniang Panlungsod/members of the Sangguniang Bayan, barangay officials, and the members of the Sangguniang Kabataan are elected to serve for a three-year term.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PDP–Laban</span> Political party in the Philippines

Partido Demokratiko Pilipino–Lakas ng Bayan, abbreviated as PDP–Laban, is a democratic socialist political party in the Philippines founded in 1982. It was part of the country's ruling party coalition from 1986 to 1992 under the administration of Corazon Aquino and the country's ruling party from 2016 to 2022 under the administration of Rodrigo Duterte.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Claude Goasguen</span> French politician (1945–2020)

Claude Goasguen was a French politician who served as a member of the National Assembly for Paris from 1993 to 1995 and again from 1997 until his death in 2020. A member of The Republicans, he also briefly was Minister of Reform of the State, Decentralisation and Citizenship in 1995 under Prime Minister Alain Juppé.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lakas–CMD</span> Conservative political party in the Philippines

Lakas–Christian Muslim Democrats, abbreviated as Lakas–CMD and also known simply as Lakas, is a political party in the Philippines. Lakas–CMD is considered to sit on the centre-right of the political spectrum and is influenced by Christian democracy and Islamic democracy. Since the 2022 elections, Lakas–CMD is currently the biggest party in the House of Representatives, with the party's president, Martin Romualdez, serving as Speaker of the House. The party is a dominant member of the UniTeam Alliance led by President Bongbong Marcos.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">First constituency for French residents overseas</span> Constituency of the French Fifth Republic

The first constituency for French residents overseas is one of eleven constituencies representing French citizens living abroad. It was created by the 2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies and elects, since 2012, one representative to the National Assembly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Second constituency for French residents overseas</span> Constituency of the French Fifth Republic

The second constituency for French residents overseas is one of eleven constituencies representing French citizens living abroad. It was created by the 2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies and elects, since 2012, one representative to the National Assembly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Third constituency for French residents overseas</span> Constituency for French residents overseas

The third constituency for French residents overseas is one of eleven constituencies representing French citizens living abroad. It was created by the 2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies and elects, since 2012, one representative to the National Assembly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fourth constituency for French residents overseas</span> Constituency of the French Fifth Republic

The Fourth constituency for French residents overseas is one of eleven constituencies each electing one representative of French citizens overseas to the French National Assembly.

The Zamboanga City Council is Zamboanga City's Sangguniang Panlungsod or local legislature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">14th legislature of the French Fifth Republic</span> 2012–2017 sitting of the French Parliament

The 14th legislature of the French Fifth Republic was the French Parliament elected in the 2012 French legislative election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mayor of Davao City</span> Local chief executive of Davao City, Philippines

The mayor of Davao City is the chief executive of the government of Davao City in Davao Region, Philippines. The mayor leads the city's departments in executing ordinances and delivering public services. The mayorship is a three-year term and each mayor is restricted to three consecutive terms, totalling nine years, although a mayor can be elected again after an interruption of one term.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 Philippine general election</span> Election in the Philippines on 2016

A general election in the Philippines took place on May 9, 2016, for executive and legislative branches for all levels of government – national, provincial, and local, except for the barangay officials.

Barangay elections in the Philippines were held on May 14, 2018. The election elected the Punong Barangay, more commonly known as barangay captains, and members of the Sangguniang Barangay, or barangay council, in 41,948 barangays (villages) throughout the country whose terms start on June 30, 2018. Barangays are the smallest local government unit in the Philippines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic</span> 2017–2022 sitting of the French Parliament

The 15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic was the French Parliament that was in office from 27 June 2017 until 21 June 2022. The party of President Emmanuel Macron, La République En Marche! (LREM), obtained an absolute majority of 308 deputies, alongside its ally, the Democratic Movement (MoDem), which secured 42 seats. The newly-installed deputies elected François de Rugy as President of the National Assembly when the National Assembly first convened on 27 June. The legislative election saw a record level of renewal, with only a quarter of the deputies elected in 2012 also elected in 2017, as well as a significant increase in the representation of women and youth. With seven planned parliamentary groups, it would be the most fragmented National Assembly since 1958.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 Philippine local elections</span>

Local elections in the Philippines were held on May 9, 2016. This was conducted together with the 2016 general election for national positions. All elected positions above the barangay (village) level were disputed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Philippine presidential election</span> 20th presidential election in the Philippines

The 2022 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections were held on May 9, 2022, as part of the 2022 general election. This was the 17th direct presidential election and 16th vice presidential election in the Philippines since 1935, and the sixth sextennial presidential and vice presidential election since 1992.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019 Philippine general election</span> Election in the Philippines on 2019

The 2019 Philippine general election was conducted on May 13, 2019. A midterm election, those elected therein will take office on June 30, 2019, midway through the term of President Rodrigo Duterte.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Philippine general election</span> National, provincial, and local elections in the country

The 2022 Philippine general election took place on May 9, 2022, for the executive and legislative branches of government at every level – national, provincial, and local – except for the barangay officials.

Sandra Boëlle is a French politician from The Republicans. She has represented Paris's 14th constituency as an MP between 2020 and 2022.

This is a list of candidates in the 2022 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections.

References

  1. ↑ "Article L. O. 176 du code électoral". Act of 15 September 2017 (in French).
  2. ↑ à 15h30, Le 22 juin 2017 (2017-06-22). "Paris : élue du Xe, Elise Fajgeles va devenir députée". leparisien.fr (in French). Retrieved 2020-07-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  3. ↑ Daire, Constance (2017-06-22). "Remaniement : qu'est-ce qui change à l'Assemblée nationale ?". Libération.fr (in French). Retrieved 2020-07-14.
  4. ↑ Composition de l'assemblée , retrieved 2020-07-14
  5. ↑ à 19h57, Par Pascale De SouzaLe 19 juin 2018 (2018-06-19). "Seine-et-Marne : le temps de la réflexion à la tête du département". leparisien.fr (in French). Retrieved 2020-08-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  6. ↑ étrangères, Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires. "Amélie de Montchalin succeeds Nathalie Loiseau as Europe Minister (31.03.19)". France Diplomacy - Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
  7. ↑ ActeursPublics. "Après le décès de Claude Goasguen, sa suppléante prend la relève à l'Assemblée nationale | Nominations | Acteurs Publics". Après le décès de Claude Goasguen, sa suppléante prend la relève à l’Assemblée nationale | Nominations | Acteurs Publics (in French). Retrieved 2021-02-18.
  8. ↑ "Nicolas Meizonnet officiellement député". France Bleu (in French). 2020-02-11. Retrieved 2020-09-01.
  9. ↑ "#PHVote Guides: When can candidates be substituted?". RAPPLER. 2021-09-17. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  10. ↑ Juico, Philip Ella (2022-05-04). "One's vote reflects one's values". BusinessWorld Online. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  11. ↑ "Widow to replace deceased Batangas gubernatorial bet". GMA News Online. 2010-04-30. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  12. ↑ "Governor Vi, Leviste proclaimed". Philstar.com. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  13. ↑ "Duterte files COC for president". GMA News. November 27, 2015. Retrieved November 27, 2015.
  14. ↑ "Duterte, Robredo win 2016 polls". ABS-CBN News. May 27, 2016.
  15. ↑ "Sara Duterte scraps reelection bid for vice-presidential run". Philstar.com. Archived from the original on November 13, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
  16. ↑ Andrade, Jeannette I.; Aurelio, Julie M. (May 26, 2022). "Congress proclaims Marcos, Duterte". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
  17. ↑ Medenilla, Samuel (13 November 2021). "'Bato' drops presidential bid, but VP running mate Bong Go files new COC for president under new party". BusinessMirror. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  18. ↑ Ramos, Christia Marie (December 14, 2021). "Bong Go formally withdraws from 2022 presidential race". INQUIRER.net. Archived from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.