1990 Romanian general election

Last updated

1990 Romanian general election
Flag of Romania.svg
20 May 1990
Turnout86.20%
Presidential election
  1985
1992  
  Ion Iliescu - Sep 2003.jpg Radu Campeanu.jpg Ion Ratiu.jpg
Nominee Ion Iliescu Radu Câmpeanu Ion Rațiu
Party FSN PNL PNȚCD
Popular vote12,232,4981,529,188617,007
Percentage85.07%10.64%4.29%

1990 Romanian presidential election.svg
Results by county
Iliescu:     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%     >90%
Câmpeanu:     60–70%     70–80%

President before election

Ion Iliescu
FSN

Elected President

Ion Iliescu
FSN

Assembly of Deputies
  1985
1992  

All 396 seats in the Assembly of Deputies
PartyLeaderVote %Seats
FSN Ion Iliescu 66.31263
UDMR Géza Domokos7.2329
PNL Radu Câmpeanu 6.4129
MER Toma George Maiorescu2.6212
PNȚCD Corneliu Coposu 2.5612
AUR 2.129
PDAR Victor Surdu 1.839
PER Otto Weber 1.698
PSDR (Socialist) Cornel Nica1.055
PSDR (Social) Sergiu Cunescu 0.532
GDC 0.482
PDM 0.381
PLS Ștefan Cazimir0.341
PRN 0.321
PTLDR 0.321
UL–B 0.271
Minority parties 0.9911
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
1990 Romanian Chamber of Deputies election.svg
Results by county
Senate
  1939
1992  

All 119 seats in the Senate
PartyLeaderVote %Seats
FSN Ion Iliescu 67.0291
UDMR Géza Domokos7.2012
PNL Radu Câmpeanu 7.0610
PNȚCD Corneliu Coposu 2.501
MER Toma George Maiorescu2.451
AUR 2.152
PER Otto Weber 1.381
Independents Antonie Iorgovan 3.061
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
1990 Romanian Senate election.svg
Results by county
Prime Minister before Prime Minister-designate
Petre Roman
FSN
Petre Roman
FSN

General elections were held in Romania on 20 May 1990 to elect the President and members of Parliament. [1] They were the first elections held after the overthrow of the communist regime six months earlier and the first free elections held in the country since 1937. [2] It was also the first time the president had been directly elected, [1] the position having been previously elected by the legislature since it was introduced in 1974. [3]

Contents

The National Salvation Front (FSN), which had headed the interim government that took power after the overthrow of Nicolae Ceaușescu, won a decisive victory. Opposition parties performed well below expectations; none of them had the time or resources to present themselves as alternatives to the FSN. [4] Interim President and FSN leader Ion Iliescu was elected for a full term with 85 percent of the vote. The FSN also won large majorities in both houses of Parliament, with 263 of the 395 seats in the Assembly of Deputies and 91 of the 118 seats in the Senate.

The United States State Department expressed concerns about organised violence and polling irregularities, but concluded that they had had no effect on the outcome and pronounced the elections free and fair. [5]

To date, this is the only time since direct presidential elections were introduced in which a president was elected in a single round. Iliescu's 85 percent vote share also remains the highest for a direct presidential election.

Presidential candidates

NameLifespanPublic Administration ExperienceAffiliation and endorsements Alma mater and professionCandidacy
Announcement dates
Born: March 3, 1930
(age 60)
Oltenița, Călărași County
Acting President of Romania: 1989–election day
President of Water Surfaces Management Council (1979–1984)
Member of the State Council (full member: 1979–1980, observative: 1974–1979)
President of Iași County Council (1974–1979)
Vice-president of Timiș County Council (1971–1974)
Minister of Youth (1967–1971)
Deputy (1957–1961, 1965–1973, 1975–1985)
Affiliation: FSN Energy Institute, Moscow State University (1954)

fluid mechanics engineer,
publishing house manager
Official: April 8, 1990 [6]
BEC filing: April 17, 1990 [7]
Born: February 28, 1922
(age 68)
Bucharest
Died October 19, 2016, Bucharest
Affiliation: PNL
Endorsed by UDMR and PER
Faculty of Law, University of Bucharest (1945)
Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Bucharest (1947)

economist
BEC filing: April 19, 1990 [8]
Born: June 6, 1917
(age 72)
Turda, Cluj County
Died: January 17, 2000, London
Chancellor at Romanian Embassy in UK (1940)Affiliation: PNȚCD
Endorsed by: PSDR
Faculty of Law, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca (1938)
Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge (1943)

lawyer, economist, journalist
Official: April 6, 1990 [9]
BEC filing: April 23, 1990

Results

President

CandidatePartyVotes%
Ion Iliescu National Salvation Front 12,232,49885.07
Radu Câmpeanu National Liberal Party 1,529,18810.64
Ion Rațiu Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party 617,0074.29
Total14,378,693100.00
Valid votes14,378,69396.98
Invalid/blank votes447,9233.02
Total votes14,826,616100.00
Registered voters/turnout17,200,72286.20
Source: AEP

Parliament

Senate

Senate results Romanian legislative election 1990 - Senate.svg
Senate results
Romania Senate 1990.svg
PartyVotes%Seats
National Salvation Front 9,353,00667.0291
Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania 1,004,3537.2012
National Liberal Party 985,0947.0610
Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party 348,6872.501
Ecological Movement of Romania 341,4782.451
Alliance for Romanian Unity 300,4732.152
Democratic Agrarian Party of Romania 221,7901.590
Ecologist Party of Romania 192,5741.381
Romanian Socialist Democratic Party 152,9891.100
Romanian Social Democratic Party 69,7620.500
Democratic Group of the Centre 65,4400.470
National Reconstruction Party 52,4650.380
Party of Free Change 46,2470.330
Democratic Party of Labour 44,3600.320
Liberal Union–Brătianu 35,9430.260
Party of Young Free Democrats 32,5060.230
Cooperatist Party22,8690.160
Christian Democratic Union21,2100.150
Democratic Union of the Roma of Romania 19,8470.140
Democratic Forum of Germans 19,1050.140
Liberal Party of Freedom of Romania14,5460.100
Democratic Environmentalist Party14,4960.100
Party of Democratic Unity14,0690.100
Party of Democratic Unity of Moldova13,1110.090
Party of Labour11,3970.080
Republican Christian Party11,0450.080
Grouping of the Centre 'New Romania'9,4050.070
Humanistic Ecological Party - founded in Arad8,8880.060
Turkish Muslim Democratic Union 8,4890.060
Union of the Ukrainians of Romania 8,3100.060
Party Christian Orthodox Union7,3240.050
Democratic Union 'Tara Oasului'7,1810.050
Party of Christian Union of Romania7,0450.050
Romanian Christian Social Democratic Party6,9640.050
Party of the Gypsies of Romania5,5650.040
Party of Social Justice5,3440.040
Party Alliance for Democracy4,9580.040
Party of Labour and Social Justice of Romania4,4900.030
Romanian Party for a New Society3,8600.030
Romanian Peasant Party3,5470.030
Republican Union Party3,2800.020
Party for National and Democratic Reconstruction3,2280.020
Democratic Party of Cluj2,7510.020
Radical Democratic Party2,6000.020
Free Democratic Union of Roma of Romania2,5050.020
Romanian Popular Front of National Salvation1,6600.010
Association of Former Political Prisoners/Detainees and Victims of the Dictatorship in Romania1,6130.010
Humanitarian Party of Peace1,5990.010
Constitutional Democratic Party of Romania1,2240.010
Party for the Honouring of the Heroes of the Revolution and National Salvation1,0890.010
Romanian National Party1,0190.010
Party Democratic Future of the Motherland1,0080.010
Democratic Progressive Party9140.010
Union of Poles of Romania 8480.010
National Republican Party7540.010
Workers Alliance 'Freedom' Anticommunist and Antifascist6720.000
National Progressive Party6340.000
Party of the Romanian House of Democratic Europe5530.000
Movement 'Young Democracy'4620.000
Independents427,5353.061
Total13,956,180100.00119
Valid votes13,956,18094.13
Invalid/blank votes869,5845.87
Total votes14,825,764100.00
Registered voters/turnout17,200,72286.19
Source: AEP

Assembly of Deputies

Assembly of Deputies results Romanian legislative election 1990 - Deputees.svg
Assembly of Deputies results
Romania Parliament 1990.svg
PartyVotes%Seats
National Salvation Front 9,089,65966.31263
Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania 991,6017.2329
National Liberal Party 879,2906.4129
Ecological Movement of Romania 358,8642.6212
Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party 351,3572.5612
Alliance for Romanian Unity 290,8752.129
Democratic Agrarian Party of Romania 250,4031.839
Ecologist Party of Romania 232,2121.698
Romanian Socialist Democratic Party 143,3931.055
Romanian Social Democratic Party 73,0140.532
Democratic Group of the Centre 65,9140.482
Democratic Party of Labour 52,5950.381
Party of Free Change 47,0170.341
National Reconstruction Party 43,8080.321
Party of Young Free Democrats 43,1880.321
Democratic Forum of Germans 38,7680.281
Liberal Union–Brătianu 36,8690.271
Democratic Union of the Roma of Romania 29,1620.211
Democratic Environmentalist Party26,0580.190
Cooperatist Party24,7490.180
Christian Democratic Union24,0010.180
United Democratic Party of the Roma Woodworkers and Fiddlers in Romania21,8470.160
Romanian Peasant Party21,5880.160
Liberal Party of Freedom of Romania20,7440.150
Community of the Lipovan Russians 17,9740.131
Party Christian Orthodox Union17,5210.130
Socialist Party of Justice17,4840.130
Party of the Gypsies of Romania16,8650.120
Party of Democratic Unity from Moldova16,8630.120
Party of Democratic Unity16,3540.120
Union of the Ukrainians of Romania 16,1790.121
Party of Christian Union14,9020.110
Humanistic Ecological Party12,7390.090
Romanian Party for the New Society12,3050.090
Party of Labour10,7440.080
Democratic Union of the Serbs of Romania 9,0950.071
Grouping of the Centre 'New Romania'9,0730.070
Christian Republican Party8,9390.070
Turkish Muslim Democratic Union 8,6000.061
Democratic Christian Party of the Roma of Romania7,9390.060
Party Alliance for Democracy6,6950.050
Democratic Union 'Țara Oasului'6,2150.050
Romanian Social Democratic Christian Party6,1940.050
Romanian Popular Front of National Salvation5,2080.040
Hellenic Union of Romania 4,9320.041
Free Democratic Union of Roma in Romania4,6050.030
Democratic Union of Slovaks and Czechs of Romania 4,5840.031
National Romanian Party3,9830.030
Bulgarian Union of Banat – Bulgarian Cultural Association from Bucharest 3,4510.031
Radical Democratic Party3,2400.020
Party for National and Democratic Reconstruction3,2230.020
Republican Union Party2,6930.020
Independent Hungarian Party2,5780.020
Modern Democratic Movement2,4880.020
Union of Poles of Romania 2,3720.021
Forum of Democracy and National Unity of Romania2,1760.020
Party of Labour and Social Justice of Romania2,1460.020
Party of the Democratic Future of the Motherland2,0910.020
Party of Social Justice (New Democracy) of the North West of Romania2,0730.020
National Republican Party1,6100.010
Progressive Democratic Party1,4950.010
Association of Former Political Prisoners/Detainees and Victims of the Dictatorship in Romania1,4040.010
National Progressive Party1,1160.010
Democratic Constitutional Party of Romania9460.010
Party for the Honouring of the Heroes of the Revolution and National Salvation8910.010
Democratic Party of Cluj4250.000
Union of Armenians of Romania 3990.001
Party of the Romanian House of Democratic Europe3900.000
Movement 'Young Democracy'3280.000
Independents256,6561.870
Total13,707,159100.00396
Valid votes13,707,15992.46
Invalid/blank votes1,117,8587.54
Total votes14,825,017100.00
Registered voters/turnout17,200,72286.19
Source: AEP

References

  1. 1 2 Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1591 ISBN   978-3-8329-5609-7
  2. Romanians Hope Free Elections Mark Revolution's Next Stage. Chicago Tribune . 30 March 1990.
  3. Romania: Central Government Library of Congress Country Studies
  4. "Front In Romania Seems Victorious In Free Elections". The New York Times . 21 May 1990.
  5. "Romanian Election Is Valid Despite Flaws, U.S. Declares". The New York Times . 26 May 1990.
  6. "Stiri.tvr.ro - Site-ul de stiri al TVR". Stiri.tvr.ro.
  7. "17 aprilie 1990, data la care a fost depusă prima candidatură la alegerile prezidențiale din România după căderea lui Nicolae Ceaușescu". Europa FM. April 17, 2019.
  8. "Radu Câmpeanu, campanie mai mult afară decât în ţară". jurnalul.ro.
  9. "Ion Raţiu – candidatul ţărănist la Preşedinţie". jurnalul.ro.