List of heads of government of Romania

Last updated February 08, 2024

This is a list consisting of all the heads of government of modern and contemporary Romania (i.e. prime ministers, both in full constitutional powers and acting or ad interim), since the establishment of the United Principalities in 1859 to the present day.

Ciolacu has been leading a PSD-PNL grand coalition government, as part of and representing the ruling National Coalition for Romania (CNR), since mid June 2023 to the present day. The Ciolacu Cabinet is the second CNR government to date and the only one to be composed of only two major political parties, after the UDMR/RMDSZ was eliminated from the coalition and, consequently, entered in opposition. In addition, the share of governmental power between the two major political parties which constitute this CNR cabinet is equal (i.e. 11 ministries per each constituent political party). For some time however, the stability and cohesion of the incumbent cabinet are both quite debatable.

Affiliations

The political stance of Romanian prime ministers prior to the development of a modern party system is given by the following affiliations in the table below:

C (Conservative)	MC (Moderate Conservative)
RL (Radical Liberal)	ML (Moderate Liberal)

The political stance of Romanian prime ministers after the development of a modern party system is given by the following affiliations in the table below:

PNL = National Liberal Party (historical)/(contemporary)	PC = Conservative Party
PNR/PNȚ/PNȚCD = Romanian National Party/National Peasants' Party/Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party	PP = People's Party
PCD = Conservative-Democratic Party	Ind. = Independent
PND = Democratic Nationalist Party	PNC = National Christian Party
FRN = National Renaissance Front (from 1940 PN; Party of the Nation)	FP = Ploughmen's Front
PMR = Romanian Workers' Party (from 1965 PCR; Romanian Communist Party)	FSN = National Salvation Front
PDSR = Party of Social Democracy in Romania (from 2001 PSD; Social Democratic Party)	Mil. = Military
PSDR = Romanian Social Democratic Party	Democratic Party/Democratic Liberal Party

Ad interim/acting officeholders are denoted by italics.

List of officeholders

United Principalities (1859–1881)

From 1859 to 1862, the two Romanian principalities (more specifically Moldavia and Wallachia) had their own government each, and a cabinet, seated in Iași and Bucharest respectively. In 1862, Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza changed the Constitution and from then on there has been a single unified central government, permanently seated in Bucharest, the capital of Romania.

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Term of office			Political party	Cabinet
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Political party	Cabinet
Presidents of the Council of Ministers (1862–1881)
1		Barbu Catargiu (1807–1862)	?	15 February 1862	8 June 1862 †	113 days	Con.	Catargiu
—		Apostol Arsache (1789–1869) acting prime minister	—	8 June 1862	23 June 1862	15 days	Con.	Catargiu
2		Nicolae Crețulescu (1812–1900)	—	24 June 1862	11 October 1863	1 year, 109 days	Mod. Lib.	Crețulescu I
3		Mihail Kogălniceanu (1817–1891)	1864	11 October 1863	26 January 1865	1 year, 107 days	Mod. Lib.	Kogălniceanu
4		Constantin Bosianu (1815–1882)	—	26 January 1865	14 June 1865	139 days	Mod. Lib.	Bosianu
(2)		Nicolae Crețulescu (1812–1900)	—	14 June 1865	11 February 1866	242 days	Mod. Lib.	Crețulescu II
5		Ion Ghica (1816–1897)	Apr.1866	11 February 1866	10 May 1866	88 days	Mod. Lib.	Ghica I
6		Lascăr Catargiu (1823–1899)	—	11 May 1866	13 July 1866	63 days	Con.	Catargiu I
(5)		Ion Ghica (1816–1897)	Nov.1866	15 July 1866	21 February 1867	221 days	Mod. Lib.	Ghica II
7		Constantin A. Crețulescu (1809–1884)	—	1 March 1867	4 August 1867	156 days	Rad. Lib.	Crețulescu
8		Ștefan Golescu (1809–1874)	1867	26 November 1867	12 May 1868	168 days	Rad. Lib.	Golescu
9		Nicolae Golescu (1810–1877)	1868	1 May 1868	15 November 1868	198 days	Rad. Lib.	Golescu
10		Dimitrie Ghica (1816–1897)	—	16 November 1868	27 January 1870	1 year, 72 days	Mod. Con.	Ghica
11		Alexandru G. Golescu (1819–1881)	1869	2 February 1870	18 April 1870	75 days	Mod. Lib.	Golescu
12		Manolache Costache Epureanu (1823–1880)	—	20 April 1870	14 December 1870	238 days	Con.	Epureanu I
(5)		Ion Ghica (1816–1897)	—	18 December 1870	11 March 1871	83 days	Mod. Lib.	Ghica III
(6)		Lascăr Catargiu (1823–1899)	—	11 March 1871	30 March 1876	5 years, 19 days	Con.	Catargiu II
13		Ion Emanuel Florescu (1819–1893)	—	4 April 1876	26 April 1876	22 days	Con.	Florescu I
(12)		Manolache Costache Epureanu (1823–1880)	—	6 May 1876	5 August 1876	91 days	PNL	Epureanu II
14		Ion Brătianu (1821–1891)	—	5 August 1876	13 March 1881	4 years, 220 days	PNL	I. Brătianu I–II–III

Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Term of office			Political party	Cabinet
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Political party	Cabinet
Presidents of the Council of Ministers (1881–1947)
14		Ion Brătianu (1821–1891)	—	13 March 1881	9 April 1881	27 days	PNL	I. Brătianu III
15		Dimitrie Brătianu (1818–1892)	—	10 April 1881	8 June 1881	59 days	PNL	D. Brătianu
(14)		Ion Brătianu (1821–1891)	—	9 June 1881	20 March 1888	6 years, 285 days	PNL	I. Brătianu IV
16		Theodor Rosetti (1837–1923)	—	23 March 1888	22 March 1889	364 days	PC	Rosetti I–II
(6)		Lascăr Catargiu (1823–1899)	—	29 March 1889	3 November 1889	219 days	PC	Catargiu III
17		Gheorghe Manu (1833–1911)	—	5 November 1889	15 February 1891	1 year, 102 days	PC	Manu
(13)		Ion Emanuel Florescu (1819–1893)	—	2 March 1891	29 December 1891	302 days	PC	Florescu II
(6)		Lascăr Catargiu (1823–1899)	1892	29 December 1891	15 October 1895	3 years, 290 days	PC	Catargiu IV
18		Dimitrie Sturdza (1833–1914)	—	15 October 1895	2 December 1896	1 year, 48 days	PNL	Sturdza I
19		Petre S. Aurelian (1833–1909)	—	2 December 1896	12 April 1897	131 days	PNL	Aurelian
(18)		Dimitrie Sturdza (1833–1914)	—	12 April 1897	23 April 1899	2 years, 11 days	PNL	Sturdza II
20		Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino (1833–1913)	—	23 April 1899	19 July 1900	1 year, 87 days	PC	Cantacuzino I
21		Petre P. Carp (1837–1919)	—	19 July 1900	13 February 1901	209 days	PC	Carp I
(18)		Dimitrie Sturdza (1833–1914)	1901	27 February 1901	4 January 1906	4 years, 311 days	PNL	Sturdza III
(20)		Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino (1833–1913)	—	4 January 1906	24 March 1907	1 year, 79 days	PC	Cantacuzino II
(18)		Dimitrie Sturdza (1833–1914)	1907	24 March 1907	9 January 1909	1 year, 291 days	PNL	Sturdza IV
22		Ion I. C. Brătianu (1864–1927)	—	9 January 1909	28 December 1910	1 year, 353 days	PNL	I.I.C. Brătianu I–II
(21)		Petre P. Carp (1837–1919)	1911	29 December 1910	28 March 1912	1 year, 90 days	PC	Carp II
23		Titu Maiorescu (1840–1917)	1912	28 March 1912	31 December 1913	1 year, 278 days	PC	Maiorescu I–II
(22)		Ion I. C. Brătianu ^{[lower-alpha 1]} (1864–1927)	1914	4 January 1914	28 January 1918	4 years, 24 days	PNL	I.I.C. Brătianu III–IV
24		Alexandru Averescu ^{[lower-alpha 1]} (1859–1938)	—	29 January 1918	4 March 1918	34 days	Mil.	Averescu I
25		Alexandru Marghiloman ^{[lower-alpha 1]} (1854–1925)	1918	5 March 1918	23 October 1918	232 days	PC	Marghiloman
26		Constantin Coandă ^{[lower-alpha 1]} (1857–1932)	—	24 October 1918	29 November 1918	36 days	Mil.	Coandă
(22)		Ion I. C. Brătianu (1864–1927)	—	29 November 1918	26 September 1919	301 days	PNL	I.I.C. Brătianu V
27		Artur Văitoianu (1864–1956)	—	27 September 1919	30 November 1919	64 days	Mil.	Văitoianu
28		Alexandru Vaida-Voevod (1872–1950)	1919	1 December 1919	12 March 1920	102 days	PNR	Vaida-Voevod I
(24)		Alexandru Averescu (1859–1938)	1920	13 March 1920	16 December 1921	1 year, 278 days	PP	Averescu II
29		Take Ionescu (1858–1922)	—	17 December 1921	19 January 1922	33 days	PCD	Ionescu
(22)		Ion I. C. Brătianu (1864–1927)	1922	19 January 1922	29 March 1926	4 years, 69 days	PNL	I.I.C. Brătianu VI
(24)		Alexandru Averescu (1859–1938)	1926	30 March 1926	4 June 1927	1 year, 66 days	PP	Averescu III
30		Barbu Știrbey (1873–1946)	—	4 June 1927	20 June 1927	16 days	Ind.	Știrbey
(22)		Ion I. C. Brătianu (1864–1927)	1927	21 June 1927	24 November 1927	156 days	PNL	I.I.C. Brătianu VII
31		Vintilă Brătianu (1867–1930)	—	24 November 1927	9 November 1928	351 days	PNL	V. Brătianu
32		Iuliu Maniu (1873–1953)	1928	10 November 1928	6 June 1930	1 year, 208 days	PNȚ	Maniu I
33		Gheorghe Mironescu (1874–1949)	—	7 June 1930	12 June 1930	5 days	PNȚ	Mironescu I
(32)		Iuliu Maniu (1873–1953)	—	13 June 1930	9 October 1930	118 days	PNȚ	Maniu II
(33)		Gheorghe Mironescu (1874–1949)	—	10 October 1930	17 April 1931	189 days	PNȚ	Mironescu II
34		Nicolae Iorga (1871–1940)	1931	18 April 1931	5 June 1932	1 year, 48 days	PND	Iorga
(28)		Alexandru Vaida-Voevod (1872–1950)	1932	6 June 1932	19 October 1932	221 days	PNȚ	Vaida-Voevod II–III
(32)		Iuliu Maniu (1873–1953)	—	20 October 1932	13 January 1933	85 days	PNȚ	Maniu III
(28)		Alexandru Vaida-Voevod (1872–1950)	—	14 January 1933	13 November 1933	303 days	PNȚ	Vaida-Voevod IV
35		Ion G. Duca (1879–1933)	1933	14 November 1933	29 December 1933 †	45 days	PNL	Duca
—		Constantin Angelescu (1870–1948) acting prime minister	—	29 December 1933	3 January 1934	5 days	PNL	Angelescu
36		Gheorghe Tătărescu (1886–1957)	—	4 January 1934	28 December 1937	3 years, 358 days	PNL	Tătărescu I–II–III–IV
37		Octavian Goga (1881–1938)	1937	29 December 1937	10 February 1938	43 days	PNC	Goga
38		Patriarch Miron Cristea (1868–1939)	—	11 February 1938	6 March 1939 †	1 year, 23 days	Ind.	Cristea I–II–III
39		Armand Călinescu (1893–1939)	1939	7 March 1939	21 September 1939 †	198 days	FRN	Călinescu
40		Gheorghe Argeșanu (1883–1940)	—	21 September 1939	28 September 1939	7 days	Mil.	Argeșanu
41		Constantin Argetoianu (1871–1955)	—	28 September 1939	23 November 1939	56 days	FRN	Argetoianu
(36)		Gheorghe Tătărescu (1886–1957)	—	24 November 1939	3 July 1940	222 days	FRN	Tătărescu V–VI
42		Ion Gigurtu (1886–1959)	—	4 July 1940	4 September 1940	62 days	FRN	Gigurtu
43		Ion Antonescu ^{[lower-alpha 2]} (1882–1946)	—	4 September 1940	23 August 1944	3 years, 354 days	Mil.	Antonescu I–II–III
44		Constantin Sănătescu (1885–1947)	—	23 August 1944	5 December 1944	104 days	Mil.	Sănătescu I–II
45		Nicolae Rădescu (1874–1953)	—	6 December 1944	28 February 1945	84 days	Mil.	Rădescu
46		Petru Groza (1884–1958)	— 1946	6 March 1945	30 December 1947	2 years, 299 days	FP	Groza I–II

Romanian People's Republic/Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Term of office			Political party	Cabinet
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Political party	Cabinet
Presidents of the Council of Ministers (informally Prime Ministers) (1947–1989)
46		Petru Groza (1884–1958)	— 1948	30 December 1947	2 June 1952	4 years, 155 days	FP	Groza III–IV
47		Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (1901–1965)	— 1952	2 June 1952	4 October 1955	3 years, 124 days	PMR	Gheorghiu-Dej I–II
48		Chivu Stoica (1908–1975)	— 1957	4 October 1955	20 March 1961	5 years, 167 days	PMR	Stoica I–II
49		Ion Gheorghe Maurer (1902–2000)	1961 1965 1969	21 March 1961	27 February 1974	12 years, 343 days	PCR	Maurer I–II–III–IV–V
50		Manea Mănescu (1916–2009)	— 1975	27 February 1974	30 March 1979	5 years, 31 days	PCR	Mănescu I–II
51		Ilie Verdeț (1925–2001)	— 1980	30 March 1979	20 May 1982	3 years, 51 days	PCR	Verdeț I–II
52		Constantin Dăscălescu (1923–2003)	— 1985	21 May 1982	22 December 1989 ( Deposed )	7 years, 215 days	PCR	Dăscălescu I–II

Contemporary Romania (1989–present)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Term of office			Political party	Cabinet Parties	President (Term)
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Political party	Cabinet Parties	President (Term)
Prime Ministers (since 1989)
—		Council of the National Salvation Front de facto	—	22 December 1989	26 December 1989	4 days	FSN	Provisional	Itself (1989)
53		Petre Roman (born 1946) ^{[lower-alpha 3]}	—	26 December 1989	28 June 1990	1 year, 294 days	FSN ^{[lower-alpha 4]}	Roman I FSN	Ion Iliescu (1989–1996)
			1990	28 June 1990	30 April 1991			Roman II FSN
				30 April 1991	16 October 1991			Roman III FSN
54		Theodor Stolojan (born 1943) ^{[lower-alpha 5]}		16 October 1991	19 November 1992	1 year, 34 days	FSN ^{[lower-alpha 6]}	Stolojan FSN–PNL–MER–PDAR
55		Nicolae Văcăroiu (born 1943)	1992	19 November 1992	11 December 1996	4 years, 22 days	PDSR	Văcăroiu FDSN→PDSR ^{[lower-alpha 7]}
56		Victor Ciorbea (born 1954)	1996	12 December 1996	30 March 1998	1 year, 108 days	PNȚCD ^{[lower-alpha 8]}	Ciorbea PNȚCD–PNL–PD–UDMR–PSDR	Emil Constantinescu (1996–2000)
—		Gavril Dejeu (born 1932) acting prime minister ^{[lower-alpha 9]}		30 March 1998	17 April 1998	18 days	PNȚCD	Ciorbea PNȚCD–PNL–PD–UDMR–PSDR
57		Radu Vasile (1942–2013)		17 April 1998	13 December 1999	1 year, 240 days	PNȚCD	Vasile PNȚCD–PNL–PD–UDMR–PSDR
—	-	Alexandru Athanasiu (born 1955) acting prime minister		13 December 1999	22 December 1999	9 days	PSDR ^{[lower-alpha 10]}	Vasile PNȚCD–PNL–PD–UDMR–PSDR
58		Mugur Isărescu (born 1949) ^{[lower-alpha 11]}		22 December 1999	28 December 2000	1 year, 6 days	Ind. ^{[lower-alpha 12]}	Isărescu PNȚCD–PNL–PD–UDMR
59		Adrian Năstase (born 1950)	2000	28 December 2000	21 December 2004	3 years, 359 days	PSD	Năstase (PSDR–PDSR)→PSD ^{[lower-alpha 13]}–PUR	Ion Iliescu (2000–2004)
—		Eugen Bejinariu (born 1959) acting prime minister	2000	21 December 2004	28 December 2004	7 days	PSD	Năstase (PSDR–PDSR)→PSD ^{[lower-alpha 13]}–PUR	Traian Băsescu (2004–2014)
60		Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu (born 1952)	2004	29 December 2004	5 April 2007	3 years, 359 days	PNL ^{[lower-alpha 14]}	Tăriceanu I PNL–PD–PUR/PC ^{[lower-alpha 15]}–UDMR
60		Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu (born 1952)	2004	5 April 2007	22 December 2008	3 years, 359 days	PNL ^{[lower-alpha 14]}	Tăriceanu II PNL–PD/PDL–PC PRM
61		Emil Boc (born 1966)	2008	22 December 2008	23 December 2009	3 years, 46 days	PDL ^{[lower-alpha 16]}	Boc I PDL–PSD
61		Emil Boc (born 1966)		23 December 2009	6 February 2012	3 years, 46 days	PDL ^{[lower-alpha 16]}	Boc II PDL–UDMR–UNPR
—		Cătălin Predoiu (born 1968) acting prime minister ^{[lower-alpha 17]}		6 February 2012	9 February 2012	3 days	Ind. ^{[lower-alpha 18]}	Boc II PDL–UDMR–UNPR
62		Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu (born 1968)		9 February 2012	7 May 2012	88 days	Ind. ^{[lower-alpha 19]}	Ungureanu PDL–PSD
63		Victor Ponta (born 1972)		7 May 2012	21 December 2012	3 years, 46 days	PSD ^{[lower-alpha 20]}	Ponta I USL (PNL–PSD–PC)
			2012	21 December 2012	5 March 2014			Ponta II USL (PNL–PSD–PC–UNPR)
				5 March 2014	17 December 2014			Ponta III PSD–UNPR–PC–PLR–UDMR
				17 December 2014	22 June 2015			Ponta IV PSD–UNPR–ALDE	Klaus Iohannis (2014–present)
—		Gabriel Oprea (born 1961) acting prime minister		22 June 2015	9 July 2015	17 days	UNPR
(63)		Victor Ponta (born 1972)		9 July 2015	29 July 2015	20 days	PSD
—		Gabriel Oprea (born 1961) acting prime minister		29 July 2015	10 August 2015	12 days	UNPR
(63)		Victor Ponta (born 1972)		10 August 2015	5 November 2015	87 days	PSD
—		Sorin Cîmpeanu (born 1968) acting prime minister		5 November 2015	17 November 2015	12 days	ALDE ^{[lower-alpha 21]}
64		Dacian Cioloș (born 1969)		17 November 2015	4 January 2017	1 year, 48 days	Ind. ^{[lower-alpha 22]}	Cioloș Technocratic
65		Sorin Grindeanu (born 1973)	2016	4 January 2017	29 June 2017	176 days	PSD	Grindeanu PSD–ALDE
66		Mihai Tudose (born 1967)		29 June 2017	16 January 2018	201 days	PSD ^{[lower-alpha 23]}	Tudose PSD–ALDE
—		Mihai Fifor (born 1970) acting prime minister		16 January 2018	29 January 2018	13 days	PSD	Tudose PSD–ALDE
67		Viorica Dăncilă (born 1963)		29 January 2018	4 November 2019	1 year, 279 days	PSD ^{[lower-alpha 24]}	Dăncilă PSD–ALDE ^{[lower-alpha 25]}
68		Ludovic Orban ^{[lower-alpha 26]} (born 1963)		4 November 2019	14 March 2020	1 year, 33 days	PNL ^{[lower-alpha 27]}	Orban I PNL
68		Ludovic Orban ^{[lower-alpha 26]} (born 1963)		14 March 2020	7 December 2020	1 year, 33 days	PNL ^{[lower-alpha 27]}	Orban II PNL
—		Nicolae Ciucă (born 1967) acting prime minister		7 December 2020	23 December 2020	16 days	PNL
69		Florin Cîțu ^{[lower-alpha 28]} (born 1972)	2020	23 December 2020	25 November 2021	337 days	PNL	Cîțu PNL–USR PLUS ^{[lower-alpha 29]}–UDMR
70		Nicolae Ciucă ^{[lower-alpha 30]} (born 1967)		25 November 2021	12 June 2023	1 year, 199 days	PNL	Ciucă PSD–PNL–UDMR
—		Cătălin Predoiu (born 1968) acting prime minister		12 June 2023	15 June 2023	3 days	PNL
71		Marcel Ciolacu (born 1967)		15 June 2023	Incumbent	238 days	PSD	Ciolacu PSD–PNL

Note: Romania used the Julian calendar prior to 1919, but all dates are given in the Gregorian calendar.

Timeline

Notes

1 2 3 4 Due to World War I, the Romanian government served in refuge at Iași, between 3 December 1916 and 29 November 1918.
↑ From 14 September 1940, the Prime Minister title was styled Conducător for as long as Marshal Ion Antonescu remained in power as head of the Romanian government.
↑ Served as ad interim (i.e. acting) PM until 20 June 1990, following the 1990 general election held on 20 May.
↑ Roman is currently a PSD member.
↑ Stolojan joined the National Salvation Front (FSN) at the time he took office as Prime Minister back in 1991.
↑ Stolojan is currently a PNL member.
↑ From 10 July 1993.
↑ Subsequently adhered to the PNL between 2012 and 2014. Currently, Ciorbea is politically unaffiliated.
↑ Dejeu was the first post-1989 acting/ad interim Prime Minister of Romania and the first such Prime Minister since Constantin Angelescu of the PNL who very briefly served in this position for only 5 days during the interwar period (more specifically between late December 1933–early January 1934).
↑ Athanasiu is currently a PSD member.
↑ The first politically non-attached/non-partisan fully technocratic Prime Minister of post-1989 Romania at the time he acceded to governance (despite past ties as undercover informer for the Securitate). Currently, Isărescu is non-affiliated politically and still the Governor of the National Bank of Romania (BNR).
↑ Yet somewhat affiliated with the Romanian Democratic Convention (CDR) as he was later on the official presidential candidate of the revamped CDR 2000 in the 2000 Romanian general election
↑ PSDR and PDSR merged into the PSD on 16 June 2001.
↑ Subsequently quit the PNL and co-founded ALDE before switching to Ponta's PRO Romania in a short-lived merger of ALDE and the former party which lasted between 2020 and early 2021. Currently, Tăriceanu is politically non-affiliated.
↑ Until 4 December 2006.
↑ Boc is currently a PNL member.
↑ Cătălin Predoiu is the all time Romanian ad interim/acting Prime Minister of Romania who served the fewest number of days in office.
↑ Prior to becoming an independent ad interim/acting Prime Minister of Romania, Predoiu was a PNL-AT member during the early 1990s and afterwards a PDL and subsequently PNL member. He subsequently served as ad interim/acting Prime Minister in 2023 for the same number of days as in 2012.
↑ Prior to becoming an independent ad interim/acting Prime Minister of Romania, Ungureanu was a PNL member and later on the president of Civic Force (FC) and a PDL member.
↑ Subsequently quit the PSD and founded his own centre-left party, namely PRO Romania, which he has been presiding to this day.
↑ Subsequently quit ALDE and joined Ponta's PRO Romania. Eventually, he also quit PRO Romania to join the PNL of which he has been a member to the present day.
↑ Subsequently founded his own party, PLUS, then briefly became USR president, and is currently associated with REPER.
↑ Subsequently quit the PSD and switched to Ponta's PRO Romania in 2019 before eventually re-joining the PSD in early 2020.
↑ Subsequently quit the PSD and became the president of the NOI party in 2022.
↑ until 27 August 2019.
↑ The Orban government was the first entirely national liberal government of Romania in 82 years, after the one previously led by Gheorghe Tătărescu during the interwar period, more specifically from 1934 to 1937.^[1]
↑ Subsequently quit the PNL in late 2021 with a group of followers (more specifically 13 deputies and 3 senators at parliamentary level) to establish his own centre-right party, namely Force of the Right (FD), which he has been presiding since December 2021 to the present day.
↑ After he was dismissed by a record-voted motion of no confidence passed with 281 votes on 5 October 2021, Florin Cîțu still served as ad interim/acting Prime Minister in charge of a minority PNL-UDMR/RMDSZ government between October and November 2021. He had previously served as acting/ad interim Prime Minister since September 2021, just after USR PLUS (now USR) decided to leave government.
↑ to 7 September 2021.
↑ Although he had formally become a politician in 2020, Nicolae Ciucă was the first military leader (more specifically general, albeit retired) to serve as Prime Minister of Romania (both acting/ad interim and in full constitutional powers) since the end of World War II. Additionally, he was the only Romanian Prime Minister to date to have initially served as acting head of government and then as head of government proper (i.e. in full constitutional powers).

Related Research Articles

Romania's political framework is a semi-presidential representative democratic republic where the Prime Minister is the head of government while the President, according to the constitution, has a more symbolic role, is responsible for the foreign policy, signs certain decrees, approves laws promulgated by the parliament, and nominates the head of government. Romania has a democratic, multi-party system, with legislative power vested in the government and the two chambers of the Parliament, more specifically the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. From 1948 until 1989, the communist rule political structure took place in the framework of a one-party socialist republic governed by the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) as its only legal party.

The Social Democratic Party is the largest social democratic political party in Romania and also the largest overall political party in the country, aside from European Parliament level, where it is the second largest by total number of political representatives, after the National Liberal Party (PNL). It was founded by Ion Iliescu, Romania's first democratically elected president at the 1990 Romanian general election. It is currently part of the National Coalition for Romania (CNR), which is a big tent grand coalition comprising also the National Liberal Party (PNL). The CNR formerly included the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ) until mid June 2023.

The National Liberal Party is a social-conservative political party in Romania. Re-founded in mid January 1990, shortly after the Revolution of 1989 which culminated in the fall of communism in Romania, it claims the legacy of the major political party of the same name, active between 1875 and 1947 in the Kingdom of Romania. Based on this historical legacy, it often presents itself as the first formally constituted political party in the country and the oldest of its kind from the family of European liberal parties as well.

This article gives an overview of liberalism and radicalism in Romania. It is limited to liberal parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ denotes another party in this scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it is not necessary for a party to have actually labeled itself as a liberal party.

Klaus Werner Iohannis, sometimes referred to by his initials KWI in the Romanian press, is a Romanian politician, physicist, and former physics teacher who has been serving as the president of Romania since 2014. He became the president of the National Liberal Party (PNL) in 2014, after previously serving as the leader of the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (FDGR/DFDR) between 2002 and 2013. Prior to entering national politics, he was a physics teacher at the Samuel von Brukenthal National College in his native Sibiu.

Cătălin Marian Predoiu is a Romanian lawyer who served as the ad interim Prime Minister of Romania from 12 June to 15 June 2023, following the resignation of Nicolae Ciucă, having previously served from 6 February to 9 February 2012, following the resignation of Emil Boc. He had previously been the Minister of Justice of Romania since 29 February 2008.

Daniel Constantin is a Romanian politician who is currently a member of the National Liberal Party (PNL).

The Save Romania Union is a liberal political party active in Romania, currently the third largest party in the Parliament of Romania with 41 deputies and 20 senators, and a fifth at local level nationwide, after the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ) and the People's Movement Party (PMP), two smaller centre-right political parties in the country.

Parliamentary elections were held in Romania on 6 December 2020 to elect the 136 members of the Senate and the 330 constituent members of the Chamber of Deputies.

The Romanian component of the 2024 European Parliament election will be held on 9 June 2024. This will be the fifth European Parliament election to be held in Romania.

Ion-Marcel Ciolacu is a Romanian politician who currently serves as the Prime Minister of Romania. He is also the leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD).

Florin Vasile Cîțu is a Romanian politician who served as Prime Minister of Romania between December 2020 and November 2021. Sometimes labeled as Romania's first libertarian Prime Minister, he was also the leader of the National Liberal Party (PNL) between September 2021 and April 2022.

Nicolae Ionel Ciucă is a Romanian politician and retired general of the Romanian Land Forces, who is currently serving as the President of the Senate of Romania. Ideologically a conservative, he served as Prime Minister of Romania between 25 November 2021 and 12 June 2023 after receiving widespread parliamentary support on behalf of his own party, the National Liberal Party (PNL) along with the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ). Additionally, since 10 April 2022, he has also been serving as the president of the National Liberal Party (PNL). On 12 June 2023, he resigned as Prime Minister, being temporarily replaced by Cătălin Predoiu.

The Cîțu Cabinet was the 131st government of Romania, led by the national liberal (PNL) Prime Minister Florin Cîțu. It was removed from office after a motion of no confidence passed by the Parliament with a record of 281 votes, the largest number of votes on a motion of no confidence since the Romanian Revolution.

Parliamentary elections are scheduled to be held in Romania on or before December 2024, three months after the term of the incumbent legislature of the Romanian Parliament expires. However, the elections are most probably scheduled to be held during late 2024.

A political crisis began on 1 September 2021 in Romania, engulfing both major coalition partners of the Cîțu Cabinet, namely the conservative-liberal National Liberal Party (PNL) and the progressive-liberal Save Romania Union (USR). The crisis also involved former prime minister Ludovic Orban (PNL), who was set to face Prime Minister Florin Cîțu (PNL) in a leadership election during the party congress on 25 September, with the latter eventually replacing the former. Orban would eventually resign from his position as President of the Chamber of Deputies, with him and his supporters subsequently splitting from the PNL, in order to form the Force of the Right (FD).

Local elections are most probably set to be held in Romania in September 2024. They will be the eighth post-1989 local elections in the country. The previous Romanian local elections in 2020 were won by the National Liberal Party (PNL), even though the Social Democratic Party (PSD) came in with significantly more County Council (CJ) presidents and mayors than the national liberals.

The Ciucă Cabinet was the 132nd government of Romania led by former Romanian Land Forces army general Nicolae Ciucă from 25 November 2021 to 12 June 2023.

The National Coalition for Romania is a big tent grand coalition in Romania, which includes the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the National Liberal Party (PNL). In addition, this grand coalition supports the incumbent Romanian President Klaus Iohannis as well. The CNR also included the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ) until its withdrawal from the coalition in June 2023.

The 2020–2024 legislature of the Romanian Parliament is the current legislature of the Parliament of Romania, elected on 6 December 2020. In the said election, no party won an outright majority, but the Social Democratic Party (PSD) remained the largest political force in the parliament, in opposition however. The National Liberal Party (PNL), the Save Romania Union (USR), and the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ) formed a coalition government. The USR ran within a political alliance it established with a smaller party, more specifically the Freedom, Unity and Solidarity Party (PLUS), which was eventually absorbed by the former. The Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR) entered parliament starting this legislature with an unexpected high score, gaining more popularity ever since.

References

↑ Alexandra Tănăsescu (5 November 2019). "Guvernul Orban este primul guvern liberal după 82 de ani. Povestea ultimului guvern liberal – Gheorghe Tătărescu". Cultura la dubă (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 April 2022.

Bibliography

Nicolae C. Nicolescu, Șefii de stat și de guvern ai României (1859–2003), Editura Meronia, Bucharest, 2003
Stelian Neagoe, Istoria guvernelor României de la începuturi – 1859 până în zilele noastre – 1995, Editura Machiavelli, Bucharest, 1995

External links

(in Romanian) Guvernele României
Government site

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[WWII-1] 1 2 3 4 Due to World War I, the Romanian government served in refuge at Iași, between 3 December 1916 and 29 November 1918.

[2] From 14 September 1940, the Prime Minister title was styled Conducător for as long as Marshal Ion Antonescu remained in power as head of the Romanian government.

[3] Served as ad interim (i.e. acting) PM until 20 June 1990, following the 1990 general election held on 20 May.

[4] Roman is currently a PSD member.

[5] Stolojan joined the National Salvation Front (FSN) at the time he took office as Prime Minister back in 1991.

[6] Stolojan is currently a PNL member.

[7] From 10 July 1993.

[8] Subsequently adhered to the PNL between 2012 and 2014. Currently, Ciorbea is politically unaffiliated.

[9] Dejeu was the first post-1989 acting/ad interim Prime Minister of Romania and the first such Prime Minister since Constantin Angelescu of the PNL who very briefly served in this position for only 5 days during the interwar period (more specifically between late December 1933–early January 1934).

[10] Athanasiu is currently a PSD member.

[11] The first politically non-attached/non-partisan fully technocratic Prime Minister of post-1989 Romania at the time he acceded to governance (despite past ties as undercover informer for the Securitate). Currently, Isărescu is non-affiliated politically and still the Governor of the National Bank of Romania (BNR).

[12] Yet somewhat affiliated with the Romanian Democratic Convention (CDR) as he was later on the official presidential candidate of the revamped CDR 2000 in the 2000 Romanian general election

[13] PSDR and PDSR merged into the PSD on 16 June 2001.

[14] Subsequently quit the PNL and co-founded ALDE before switching to Ponta's PRO Romania in a short-lived merger of ALDE and the former party which lasted between 2020 and early 2021. Currently, Tăriceanu is politically non-affiliated.

[15] Until 4 December 2006.

[16] Boc is currently a PNL member.

[17] Cătălin Predoiu is the all time Romanian ad interim/acting Prime Minister of Romania who served the fewest number of days in office.

[18] Prior to becoming an independent ad interim/acting Prime Minister of Romania, Predoiu was a PNL-AT member during the early 1990s and afterwards a PDL and subsequently PNL member. He subsequently served as ad interim/acting Prime Minister in 2023 for the same number of days as in 2012.

[19] Prior to becoming an independent ad interim/acting Prime Minister of Romania, Ungureanu was a PNL member and later on the president of Civic Force (FC) and a PDL member.

[20] Subsequently quit the PSD and founded his own centre-left party, namely PRO Romania, which he has been presiding to this day.

[21] Subsequently quit ALDE and joined Ponta's PRO Romania. Eventually, he also quit PRO Romania to join the PNL of which he has been a member to the present day.

[22] Subsequently founded his own party, PLUS, then briefly became USR president, and is currently associated with REPER.

[23] Subsequently quit the PSD and switched to Ponta's PRO Romania in 2019 before eventually re-joining the PSD in early 2020.

[24] Subsequently quit the PSD and became the president of the NOI party in 2022.

[25] until 27 August 2019.

[27] The Orban government was the first entirely national liberal government of Romania in 82 years, after the one previously led by Gheorghe Tătărescu during the interwar period, more specifically from 1934 to 1937.^[1]

[28] Subsequently quit the PNL in late 2021 with a group of followers (more specifically 13 deputies and 3 senators at parliamentary level) to establish his own centre-right party, namely Force of the Right (FD), which he has been presiding since December 2021 to the present day.

[29] After he was dismissed by a record-voted motion of no confidence passed with 281 votes on 5 October 2021, Florin Cîțu still served as ad interim/acting Prime Minister in charge of a minority PNL-UDMR/RMDSZ government between October and November 2021. He had previously served as acting/ad interim Prime Minister since September 2021, just after USR PLUS (now USR) decided to leave government.

[30] to 7 September 2021.

[31] Although he had formally become a politician in 2020, Nicolae Ciucă was the first military leader (more specifically general, albeit retired) to serve as Prime Minister of Romania (both acting/ad interim and in full constitutional powers) since the end of World War II. Additionally, he was the only Romanian Prime Minister to date to have initially served as acting head of government and then as head of government proper (i.e. in full constitutional powers).

[26] Alexandra Tănăsescu (5 November 2019). "Guvernul Orban este primul guvern liberal după 82 de ani. Povestea ultimului guvern liberal – Gheorghe Tătărescu". Cultura la dubă (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 April 2022.

[lower-alpha 1]

[lower-alpha 2]

[lower-alpha 3]

[lower-alpha 4]

[lower-alpha 5]

[lower-alpha 6]

[lower-alpha 7]

[lower-alpha 8]

[lower-alpha 9]

[lower-alpha 10]

[lower-alpha 11]

[lower-alpha 12]

[lower-alpha 13]

[lower-alpha 14]

[lower-alpha 15]

[lower-alpha 16]

[lower-alpha 17]

[lower-alpha 18]

[lower-alpha 19]

[lower-alpha 20]

[lower-alpha 21]

[lower-alpha 22]

[lower-alpha 23]

[lower-alpha 24]

[lower-alpha 25]

[lower-alpha 26]

[lower-alpha 27]

[lower-alpha 28]

[lower-alpha 29]

[lower-alpha 30]

[1]

v t e Prime Ministers of Romania
List of heads of government of Romania
United Principalities	B. Catargiu Arsache N. Crețulescu Kogălniceanu Bosianu N. Crețulescu I. Ghica L. Catargiu I. Ghica C. Crețulescu Ș. Golescu N. Golescu D. Ghica A. Golescu Epureanu I. Ghica L. Catargiu Florescu Epureanu Ion C. Brătianu
Kingdom of Romania	Ion C. Brătianu D. Brătianu Ion C. Brătianu Rosetti L. Catargiu Manu Florescu L. Catargiu Sturdza Aurelian Sturdza Cantacuzino Carp Sturdza Cantacuzino Sturdza Ion I. C. Brătianu Carp Maiorescu Ion I. C. Brătianu Averescu Marghiloman Coandă Ion I. C. Brătianu Văitoianu Vaida-Voevod Averescu Ionescu Ion I. C. Brătianu Averescu Știrbey Ion I. C. Brătianu V. Brătianu Maniu Mironescu Maniu Mironescu Iorga Vaida-Voevod Maniu Vaida-Voevod Duca Angelescu Tătărescu Goga Cristea Călinescu Argeșanu Argetoianu Tătărescu Gigurtu Antonescu Sănătescu Rădescu Groza
R.P.R.—R.S.R.	Groza Gheorghiu-Dej Stoica Maurer Mănescu Verdeț Dăscălescu
Romania since 1989	Roman Stolojan Văcăroiu Ciorbea Dejeu Vasile Athanasiu Isărescu Năstase Bejinariu Popescu-Tăriceanu Boc Predoiu Ungureanu Ponta Oprea Ponta Oprea Ponta Cîmpeanu Cioloș Grindeanu Tudose Fifor Dăncilă Orban Ciucă Cîțu Ciucă Predoiu Ciolacu
Italics indicate ad interim/acting office holders. Bold indicates current office holder.