List of political parties in the Republic of Ireland

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There are a number of political parties in Ireland, and coalition governments are common. The two historically largest parties, Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael, arose from a split in the original Sinn Féin. Fine Gael is the successor of Cumann na nGaedheal, the faction that supported the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty, while Fianna Fáil arose from members of the anti-Treaty faction who opposed Sinn Féin's abstensionism. The division on the Treaty had also caused the Irish Civil War (1922–23), leading to the difference between the parties being described as "Civil War politics", to distinguish it from a more common left-right political divide. Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael together are sometimes pejoratively referred to as "FFG". [1] [2]

Contents

As of 2023, Fianna Fáil and Sinn Féin jointly have the greatest representation in Dáil Éireann, followed closely by Fine Gael in third position. The Green Party surpassed the Labour Party in 2020. The Labour Party was formed in 1912, and it had usually been the third party in parliamentary strength, though it is currently the fifth largest party in the Dáil, followed closely by the Social Democrats.

The Electoral Commission maintains a Register of Political Parties under the Electoral Reform Act 2022. [3] Before the establishment of the Commission 2023, the register was maintained by the Houses of the Oireachtas. [4] To register to contest national elections a party must have either at least one member in Dáil Éireann or the European Parliament, or 300 recorded members aged 18 or over. Parties that register only to contest elections in part of the state or in local elections need only 100 recorded members aged 18 or over. In either case, at least half of the recorded members must be on the register of electors. [5]

Political parties with representation at a local, national or European level

Party details

PartyCurrent leader(s)FoundedInaugural
leader(s)		PositionInternational
affiliation		 EP group
Fianna Fáil Micheál Martin 1926 Éamon de Valera Centre to
centre-right 		LI Renew
Sinn Féin Mary Lou McDonald 1905 Arthur Griffith Centre-left to
left-wing 		None GUE/NGL
Fine Gael Simon Harris 1933 Eoin O'Duffy Centre-right CDI EPP
Green
Comhaontas Glas		 Eamon Ryan 1981None [lower-alpha 1] Centre-left GG Greens/EFA
Labour Ivana Bacik 1912 James Connolly
James Larkin
William O'Brien 		Centre-left PA
SI 		S&D
Social Democrats Holly Cairns 2015 Catherine Murphy
Róisín Shortall
Stephen Donnelly 		Centre-left NoneNone
PBP–Solidarity Collective leadership2015None Left-wing to
far-left 		NoneNone
Independent Ireland Michael Collins 2023 Michael Collins Right-wing NoneNone
Aontú Peadar Tóibín 2019 Peadar Tóibín NoneNone
Right to Change Joan Collins 2020 Joan Collins Left-wing NoneNone
Inds. 4 Change None2014None Left-wing None GUE/NGL
Human Dignity Alliance Rónán Mullen 2018 Rónán Mullen Right-wing NoneNone
Workers and Unemployed Séamus Healy 1985 Séamus Healy Left-wing NoneNone
Workers' Party Michael McCorry1970 [lower-alpha 2] Arthur Griffith Far-left IMCWP None
Republican Sinn Féin Seosamh Ó Maoileoin 1986 [lower-alpha 3] Ruairí Ó Brádaigh Left-wing NoneNone
Independent Left None2019None Left-wing NoneNone

    Party representation

    PartyRepresentation (as of June 2024)
    Oireachtas European Parliament Local councils
    Dáil Éireann Seanad Éireann
    Fianna Fáil
    35 / 160
    21 / 60
    4 / 14
    248 / 949
    Sinn Féin [lower-alpha 4]
    35 / 160
    3 / 60
    2 / 14
    102 / 949
    Fine Gael
    34 / 160
    15 / 60
    4 / 14
    245 / 949
    Green [lower-alpha 5]
    12 / 160
    5 / 60
    0 / 14
    23 / 949
    Labour
    6 / 160
    4 / 60
    1 / 14
    56 / 949
    Social Democrats
    6 / 160
    0 / 60
    0 / 14
    35 / 949
    PBP–Solidarity [lower-alpha 6]
    5 / 160
    0 / 60
    0 / 14
    13 / 949
    Independent Ireland
    3 / 160
    0 / 60
    1 / 14
    23 / 949
    Aontú
    1 / 160
    0 / 60
    0 / 14
    8 / 949
    Right to Change
    1 / 160
    0 / 60
    0 / 14
    1 / 949
    Human Dignity Alliance
    0 / 160
    1 / 60
    0 / 14
    0 / 949
    Inds. 4 Change
    0 / 160
    0 / 60
    0 / 14
    1 / 949
    100% Redress
    0 / 160
    0 / 60
    0 / 14
    4 / 949
    Irish Freedom
    0 / 160
    0 / 60
    0 / 14
    1 / 949
    Kerry Ind. Alliance
    0 / 160
    0 / 60
    0 / 14
    1 / 949
    National Party
    0 / 160
    0 / 60
    0 / 14
    1 / 949
    Workers and Unemployed
    0 / 160
    0 / 60
    0 / 14
    1 / 949
    Republican Sinn Féin [lower-alpha 7]
    0 / 160
    0 / 60
    0 / 14
    1 / 949
    Independent Left [lower-alpha 7]
    0 / 160
    0 / 60
    0 / 14
    1 / 949

      Parties and groupings represented in the Oireachtas

      Fianna Fáil

      Fianna Fáil is the joint largest party in the Dáil and has the largest number of city and county council seats. It has been in government more than any other party: 1932–1948, 1951–1954, 1957–1973, 1977–1981, 1982, 1987–1994, and 1997–2011, and 2020 onwards. On all occasions up to 1989, it was in a single-party government; on all occasions since then it was the leading party in a coalition government. It is a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and is led by Tánaiste Micheál Martin.

      It was founded in 1926 by Éamon de Valera in a split from Sinn Féin. When Sinn Féin refused to drop its abstentionist stand, de Valera led most of its TDs out of that party with a view toward republicanising the Free State from within. It was founded as a radical anti-Treaty party drawing support from small farmers and urban workers but has since become a party of the establishment. It was first elected to power in 1932 on a constitutional republican platform, promising to remove constitutional links with Britain and reduce poverty by creating employment. It oversaw much of the industrial development of the Republic and has consequently drawn support from all social classes, making it a classic populist party. [6] [7] [8]

      Fianna Fáil has 35 TDs, 21 Senators, four MEPs and 248 councillors.

      Sinn Féin

      Sinn Féin is the joint largest party in the Dáil and the largest party in the Northern Ireland Assembly. The name Sinn Féin, meaning "ourselves" or "we ourselves", has been used by a number of political organisations in Ireland since 1905, when first used by Arthur Griffith. Sinn Féin was the party of separatism before Irish independence, and broke through in the Westminster election of 1918, where it won 73 of the 105 Irish seats.

      The modern-day Sinn Féin party emerged in 1970 after a split in the party, and was often distinguished as Provisional Sinn Féin. It was closely linked to the Provisional Irish Republican Army. It is led by Mary Lou McDonald.

      Sinn Féin has 35 TDs, three Senators, two MEPs and 102 councillors in the Republic of Ireland.

      Fine Gael

      Fine Gael is the third largest party in the Dáil, the second largest party in local government in Ireland and has the largest delegation of MEPs from Ireland. It was founded in 1933 by a merger of Cumann na nGaedheal, which had supported the Treaty and formed the government between 1922 and 1932, the National Guard (popularly called the Blueshirts) and the small National Centre Party. It is a member of the centre-right European People's Party and is led by Simon Harris. Counting the tenure of predecessor Cumann na nGaedheal, Fine Gael has been in government in the periods 1922–1932, 1948–1951, 1954–1957, 1973–1977, 1981–1982, 1982–1987, 1994–1997, and 2011 to date. On each occasion from 1948 until 2016, it was the leading party of a coalition with the Labour Party, and in three of those cases also with other smaller parties. At the 2011 general election, Fine Gael became the largest party in the Oireachtas with 36.1% of the vote.

      Fine Gael has 34 TDs, 15 Senators, four MEPs and 245 councillors.

      Green Party

      The Green Party was established in 1981 and is allied to the European Green Party. The Green Party Northern Ireland voted in 2005 to become a region of the Irish Green Party, making it the second party to be organised on an all-Ireland basis. It has Northern Ireland members on the Irish Green Party national executive.

      In June 2007, the Green Party entered coalition government with Fianna Fáil and the Progressive Democrats. In January 2011 they left the coalition, and at the 2011 general election, lost all of their Dáil seats. [9]

      In the 2020 election, they became the fourth party in parliamentary strength. The Green Party has 12 TDs, five Senators and 23 councillors. [9]

      Labour Party

      The Labour Party is a social democratic party, founded in 1912 as part of the trade union movement, with which it maintains organisational links. For most of the history of the state, it was the third largest party, though it is currently in fifth position in parliamentary strength.

      It has been in government in the periods 1948–1951, 1954–1957, 1973–1977, 1981–1982, 1982–1987, 1993–1994, 1994–1997, and 2011–2016. On each occasion, it was in coalition with Fine Gael, with the exception 1993 to 1994, when it was in coalition with Fianna Fáil. The Labour Party merged with the smaller Democratic Left party in 1999. It is a member of the Party of European Socialists and has been led by Ivana Bacik since 24 March 2022.

      The Labour Party has six TDs, four Senators, one MEP and 56 councillors.

      Social Democrats

      The Social Democrats were founded in July 2015 by three independent TDs Catherine Murphy, Róisín Shortall and, Stephen Donnelly (who has since left the party for Fianna Fáil.) The Social Democrats have six TDs and 35 councillors.

      People Before Profit–Solidarity

      People Before Profit–Solidarity is an electoral alliance between People Before Profit (PBP), Solidarity and the Socialist Party. [10] In October 2015, they formed a new alliance for electoral purposes, but continue to organise separately. The founding TDs have stated their aim to build a mass party of the left and ultimately help form a left-wing government. [11]

      Together they have five TDs (four from PBP, one from Solidarity) and 13 (ten from PBP, three from Solidarity) councillors.

      Independent Ireland

      Independent Ireland was registered in November 2023 and was founded by two TDs, Michael Collins and Richard O'Donoghue, both members of the Rural Independents Dáil grouping. [12] It has three TDs, one MEP and 23 councillors.

      Aontú

      Aontú is an all-Ireland republican party with a left-wing economic stance and a conservative social position. It was founded in 2019 by Peadar Tóibín who left Sinn Féin because of its support for the Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018. It has one TD and eight councillors in the Republic of Ireland.

      Right to Change

      Right to Change was founded in May 2020. It has one TD, Joan Collins, [13] and one councillor. [14]

      Independents 4 Change

      Independents 4 Change has been registered as a political party since 2014. Its registered officer is Mick Wallace. It has one councillor.

      Human Dignity Alliance

      The Human Dignity Alliance (HDA) was founded by Senator Rónán Mullen in June 2018. HDA has one senator.

      Parties represented only on local authorities

      100% Redress

      100% Redress was founded in County Donegal in 2023, campaigning on the Irish defective block crisis. [15] [16] It has four councillors on Donegal County Council. [17]

      Workers and Unemployed Action

      Workers and Unemployed Action (WUA) is a left-wing political organisation formed in 1985 by Séamus Healy. At the 2011 election, the WUA formed part of the United Left Alliance, but it left in 2012. [18] [19] WUA has one councillor.

      Kerry Independent Alliance

      The Kerry Independent Alliance (previously the South Kerry Independent Alliance) have one councillor on Kerry County Council. It is registered to contest elections for Dáil Éireann and in Killarney for local elections.

      Republican Sinn Féin

      Republican Sinn Féin were formed in 1986 by members of Sinn Féin who did not support the decision made at the party's ard fheis in that year to end its policy of abstentionism and to allow elected Sinn Féin TDs take their seats in Dáil Éireann. [20] They have one councillor, Tomás Ó Curraoin on Galway County Council. As the party is not registered, he is officially an independent councillor.

      Independent Left

      Independent Left have one councillor, former PBP member John Lyons, on Dublin City Council. [21] As the party is not registered, he is officially an independent councillor.

      National Party

      The National Party is a minor far-right party founded in 2016. It has one councillor on Fingal County Council. [22]

      Irish Freedom Party

      The Irish Freedom Party is a minor far-right and Eurosceptic party founded in 2018. It has one councillor on South Dublin County Council. [23]

      Parties with no elected representation

      PartyLeaderIdeology Position
      Centre Party (formerly Renua)Andrew Kelly Anti-abortion Right-wing to far-right
      Communist Ciara Ní Mhaoilfhinn Communism Far-left
      Éirígí Brian Leeson Irish republicanism Far-left
      Farmers' Alliance Liam McLaughlin Agrarianism
      Fís Nua None Green politics Left-wing
      Glór [24] [lower-alpha 8] Diarmaid Ó Cadhla N/A
      Ireland First Derek Blighe Anti-immigration [27] Far-right
      The Irish People Anti-immigration [28] Far-right
      Irish Republican Socialist [lower-alpha 7] Ard chomhairle Irish republicanism Far-left
      Liberty Republic Ben Gilroy Direct democracy Right-wing
      Party for Animal Welfare Carol Johnson Animal welfare N/A
      Rabharta Lorna Bogue Eco-socialism Left-wing
      Saoradh [lower-alpha 7] Brian Kenna Irish republicanism Far-left
      United People [lower-alpha 9] Jeffrey Rudd N/A
      Workers' Party Michael McCorry Marxism–Leninism Far-left

      Former parties

      See also

      Notes

      1. ↑ For the first twenty years of its existence, the Green Party did not have a national leader. Trevor Sargent was elected as the first national leader in 2001.
      2. ↑ The Workers' Party emerged as the majority faction from a split in Sinn Féin in 1970, becoming known as Official Sinn Féin. In the Republic of Ireland, it renamed itself as Sinn Féin The Workers' Party in 1977. In Northern Ireland, it continued with the Republican Clubs name used by Sinn Féin to escape a 1964 ban, and later as Workers Party Republican Clubs. Both sections adopted the current name in 1982.
      3. ↑ Republican Sinn Féin split from Sinn Féin in 1986 over the policy of abstentionism.
      4. ↑ Sinn Féin also has 7 members of the UK House of Commons, 27 members of the Northern Ireland Assembly, 144 local councillors in Northern Ireland.
      5. ↑ The Green Party also has 5 local councillors in Northern Ireland
      6. ↑ People Before Profit also has 1 member of the Northern Ireland Assembly and 2 local councillors in Northern Ireland
      7. 1 2 3 4 Unregistered party
      8. ↑ Originally registered as the Housing Rights and Reform Alliance; renamed the Reform Alliance in November 2021; [25] renamed Glór – Voice of the People in November 2023 [26]
      9. ↑ Split from Direct Democracy Ireland in 2015

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      References

      1. ↑ Yates, Ivan (6 February 2020). "Wipeout on the cards for Fine Gael and contagion will impact Fianna Fail". Racing Post. Archived from the original on 13 December 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
      2. ↑ McCarthy, Justine; O'Brien, Stephen (19 April 2020). "The war is over between Fine Gael and Fianna Fail". The Times (of London). Archived from the original on 13 December 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
      3. ↑ "Registration of Political Parties". Electoral Commission.
      4. ↑ "Publications". Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 28 July 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
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      7. ↑ Hayward, Katy; Murphy, Mary C., eds. (2013). "Ireland's EU Referendum Experience". The Europeanization of Party Politics in Ireland, North and South. Routledge. p. 26. ISBN   9780955820373.
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      9. 1 2 O'Halloran, Marie (28 February 2011). "Regroup and rebuild is already the Green mantra after election wipeout". The Irish Times . p. 13. Archived from the original on 12 March 2011. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
      10. ↑ "Paul Murphy's party joins forces with People Before Profit". Irish Examiner. 1 March 2021. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
      11. ↑ "AAA and PBP join to form new 'left of Labour' party". The Irish Times. 8 October 2015. Archived from the original on 12 October 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
      12. ↑ McGee, Harry (10 November 2023). "New Independent Ireland party registered with Electoral Commission". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
      13. ↑ McCarthy, Justine (31 May 2020). "Dublin TD Joan Collins leaves I4C to found new party Right to Change". The Times.
      14. ↑ "Local elections 2024: Who now holds the cards in the councils of Ireland?". independent.ie. 11 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
      15. ↑ Horgan-Jones, Jack (15 September 2023). "100% Redress Party is expected to field candidates in 2024 local elections". The Irish Times . Archived from the original on 21 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
      16. ↑ "New Political Party Registered to Stand Candidates". Electoral Commission. 15 September 2023. Archived from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
      17. ↑ Ryan, Emma (11 June 2024). "Local Elections 2024 Donegal: 'The work starts now' – The 100% Redress party gear up for action". independent.ie. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
      18. ↑ Minihan, Mary (28 February 2011). "Higgins pledges to build new party of left as five elected under ULA banner". The Irish Times . Archived from the original on 5 March 2011. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
      19. ↑ "Seamus Healy withdraws from United Left Alliance over Wallace frustrations". RTÉ News. 2 October 2012. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
      20. ↑ Melaugh, Dr Martin. "Issues: Abstentionism: Sinn Fein Ard Fheis 1-2 November 1986 - Details of Source Material". CAIN. Archived from the original on 6 August 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
      21. ↑ "Independent Left". Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
      22. ↑ Wall, Martin (10 June 2024). "Fingal County Council results: Bruising weekend for Greens and Sinn Féin". Irish Times. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
      23. ↑ McTaggart, Maeve (12 June 2024). "'Send them home' and 'Irexit' – newly elected anti-immigration candidates react to wins with far-right messages". Irish Independent. Retrieved 12 June 2024. the Irish Freedom Party also elected its first ever councillor when Glen Moore won a seat in Palmerstown-Fonthill
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      28. ↑ McDermott, Stephen (29 January 2024). "Three new anti-immigrant parties have registered to stand in Irish elections – but who are they?". TheJournal.ie . Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
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