The Communist Party of Brazil is a political party in Brazil. The PCdoB officially adheres to Marxist–Leninist theory. It has national reach and deep penetration in the trade union and student movements.
The Brazilian Democratic Movement is a Brazilian political party. It is considered a "big tent party" and it is one of the parties with the greatest representation throughout the national territory, with the most numbers of senators, mayors and city councillors, always having formed a large part of the National Congress since 1988, and also has the largest number of affiliates, with 2,043,709 members as of July 2023.
The Brazilian Communist Party, originally the Communist Party of Brazil, is a communist party in Brazil, founded on 25 March 1922. Arguably the oldest active political party in Brazil, it played an important role in the country's 20th-century history despite the relatively small number of members. A factional dispute led to the formation of PCdoB in the 1960s, though both communist parties were united in opposition to the Brazilian military government that ruled from 1964 to 1985. But with the fall of the Soviet Union and the collapse of communism circa 1990, the party lost power and international support. An internal coup in 1992 divided the party and formed a new party, called Popular Socialist Party, using the former identification number of the PCB, 23. That party has since moved towards the centre and now goes by the name Cidadania.
Since the beginning of liberalism in Portugal in the 19th century, several parties have, by gaining representation in parliament, continued the liberal ideology in contemporary Portuguese politics. But after the initial fervor of the Liberal Revolution of 1820 and the outcome of the Liberal Wars (1828–1834) during the 19th century, liberalism was relegated to a secondary role in Portuguese politics and government and even outlawed for periods of time. The first fully-fledged liberal party founded as such to have a seat in the Portuguese Parliament since the end of the First Portuguese Republic (1910–1926), was the Liberal Initiative, in 2019.
The United Socialist Workers' Party is a Trotskyist party in Brazil. It is the largest section of the International Workers' League (LIT), an international body of groups in the Morenoist tradition.
The Communist Party of Spain (Marxist-Leninist) is a communist political party in Spain, formed in 1964 through the merger of splinter groups of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE).
Liberalism in Brazil began around 1831, initially emerging as the opposition to conservatism. However, with the republican revolution of 1889, organized liberalism faded away. Liberal parties were established in the twentieth century and from 1966 onwards, the Democratic Movement became liberalism's primary representative. As multi-partyism was established, more parties began to adopt the label of "liberal", although the term was often used by moderate conservative factions.
The Revolutionary Socialist Party was a left-wing party in Portugal, founded in 1978 after the merger of two Trotskyist parties: the Internationalist Communist League and the Workers Revolutionary Party. The LCI and PRT were both part of the reunified Fourth International. The International recognised the PSR as its Portuguese section.
The National Assembly of the Socialist Left was an alliance of left-wing and far-left groups in Mexico. The only assembly of the socialist left for the creation of a "Socialist Front" was held in Mexico City April 16–17, 2005.
The Communist Party of Portugal (Marxist–Leninist) was an anti-revisionist Marxist-Leninist communist party in Portugal. Also known as the 'Mendes faction of PCP(M-L)'.
An election of the delegation from Portugal to the European Parliament was held on 7 June 2009.
Socialism in Brazil is generally thought to trace back to the first half of the 19th century. There are documents evidencing the diffusion of socialist ideas since then, but these were individual initiatives with no ability to form groups with actual political activism.
Peru Wins was a leftist electoral alliance in Peru formed for the 2011 general election. It was dominated by the Peruvian Nationalist Party and led by successful presidential candidate Ollanta Humala Tasso.
Communism in Brazil has existed as a social or political ideology as well as a political movement since at least as early as the 1920s. The movement has given rise to various leftist factions and uprisings. It has been embodied in social movements and various political parties and in the intellectual works of various Marxist authors. Currently, there are seven parties in Brazil that claim to be communist: the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) and its youth wing Union of Communist Youth (UJC), the Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB) and its youth wing, the United Socialist Workers Party (PSTU) and its youth wing, Rebeldia, the Worker's Cause Party (PCO) and the Popular Unity for Socialism (UP). The sixth party, not yet legalized, is the Brazilian Revolutionary Communist Party (PCBR), the result of a split with the PCB. Similarly, the Revolutionary Communist Party is not legalized by the TSE of Brazil.
