List of earthquakes in Portugal

Last updated

This list documents major earthquakes affecting Portugal.

DateLocation Mag. MMI NotesCasualtiesRef
DeadInjured
210 BCE Cape St. Vincent Possible tsunami. [1] [2]
60 BCEcoasts of Portugal and Galicia 8.5IXTsunami [3]
382Cape St. Vincent7.5Tsunami [4]
1344Lisbon [5]
1358-08-24LisbonXSevere damage in Seville and Lisbon. [6]
1531-01-26 Lisbon7.7At least 1,500 houses destroyed. Violent earthquake felt in Africa. A large tsunami was reported.30,000 [7] [8]
1551-01-28LisbonAbout 200 houses destroyed.2,000 [9]
1587-11 Loulé X170 [10]
1597-07-28Monte SantoIX [11]
1722-12-27 Tavira, Algarve 7.8XAt least 27 homes collapsed in Tavira. Albufeira, Loule, Lagoa, and Faro also reported damage. [12] [13]
1755-11-01 Atlantic Ocean8.7–9.0 MwXILisbon almost completely destroyed by the earthquake and subsequent conflagrations. A large tsunami with a maximum height of 18.3 meters. Deaths were also reported in Morocco due to the tsunami. In the Lesser Antillies, surges were also observed.50,000–100,000 [14] [15]
1756-03-29Lisbon [16]
1761-03-31 Atlantic Ocean8.5 MwIXLasted five minutes. [17]
1816-02-02 North Atlantic8.3–8.9 MwVIIDamage and deaths in Ovar. One death in Lisbon. Felt in Spain, the Netherlands and Azores Islands.13+ [18]
1858-11-11Setubal7.1 MwX605 homes destroyed.6 [19] [20] [21]
1909-04-23 Santarem District 6.0 MwX Salvaterra de Magos and Benavente partially destroyed.60 [22] [23]
1969-02-28 Gulf of Cádiz 7.8 MwVIIDeaths in Morocco, Portugal, and Spain. Tsunami observed.2580 [24] [25]
Note: The inclusion criteria for adding events are based on WikiProject Earthquakes' notability guideline that was developed for stand alone articles. The principles described also apply to lists. In summary, only damaging, injurious, or deadly events should be recorded.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lists of earthquakes</span>

Earthquakes are caused by movements within the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. They range from events too weak to be detectable except by sensitive instrumentation, to sudden and violent events lasting many minutes which have caused some of the greatest disasters in human history. Below, earthquakes are listed by period, region or country, year, magnitude, cost, fatalities and number of scientific studies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1755 Lisbon earthquake</span> Catastrophic earthquake that primarily affected Lisbon, Portugal

The 1755 Lisbon earthquake, also known as the Great Lisbon earthquake, impacted Portugal, the Iberian Peninsula, and Northwest Africa on the morning of Saturday, 1 November, Feast of All Saints, at around 09:40 local time. In combination with subsequent fires and a tsunami, the earthquake almost completely destroyed Lisbon and adjoining areas. Seismologists estimate the Lisbon earthquake had a magnitude of 7.7 or greater on the moment magnitude scale, with its epicenter in the Atlantic Ocean about 200 km west-southwest of Cape St. Vincent, a cape in Algarve region, and about 290 km southwest of Lisbon.

The 1877 Iquique earthquake occurred at 21:16 local time on 9 May. It had a magnitude of 8.5 on the surface wave magnitude scale. Other estimates of its magnitude have been as high as 8.9 Mw and 9.0 Mt. It had a maximum intensity of XI (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale and triggered a devastating tsunami. A total of 2,385 people died, mainly in Fiji.

The 1941 Andaman Islands earthquake struck the Andaman Islands on June 26 with a magnitude of 7.7 to 8.1. Details of this event are poorly known as much of Southeast Asia was in the turmoil of World War II. The quake caused severe damage in the Andaman Islands. The tsunami it triggered was reported along the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India and British Ceylon. There may have been damage and deaths in Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Thailand due to the tsunami.

The 1761 Lisbon earthquake and its subsequent tsunami occurred in the north Atlantic Ocean and south of the Iberian Peninsula. This violent shock which struck just after noon on 31 March 1761, was felt across many parts of Western Europe. Its direct effects were observed even far north in Scotland and Amsterdam, and to the south in the Canary Islands of Spain. The estimated surface-wave magnitude 8.5 event was the largest in the region, and the most significant earthquake in Europe since the Great Lisbon earthquake of 1755.

On the morning of March 13, 1888, an explosion took place on Ritter Island, a small volcanic island in the Bismarck and Solomon Seas, between New Britain and Umboi Island. The explosion resulted in the collapse of most of the island and generated a tsunami with runups of up to 15 meters (49 ft) that caused damage more than 700 kilometers (430 mi) away and killed anywhere between 500 and 3,000 on neighbouring islands, including scientists and explorers. This event is the largest volcanic island sector collapse in recent history.

The Nemuro-Oki earthquake in scientific literature, occurred on June 17 at 12:55 local time. It struck with an epicenter just off the Nemuro Peninsula in northern Hokkaidō, Japan. It measured 7.8–7.9 on the moment magnitude scale (Mw ), 8.1 on the tsunami magnitude scale (Mt ) and 7.4 on the Japan Meteorological Agency magnitude scale (MJMA ).

The 1604 Arica earthquake is an earthquake that occurred at 1:30 pm on November 24, 1604, offshore Arica, Chile. The estimated magnitude range is 8.0–8.5 Ms and possibly up to 9.0 Mw. It had a destructive tsunami that destroyed Arica and caused major damage at Arequipa. 1,200 km of coastline were affected by the tsunami. The recorded effects of this earthquake are very similar to those for the 1868 Arica event, suggesting a similar magnitude and rupture area of the megathrust between the subducting Nazca Plate and the overriding South American Plate. Tsunami deposits have been identified on the Chatham Islands that are likely to have been caused by a trans-Pacific tsunami caused by the 1604 earthquake.

The 1973 Ragay Gulf earthquake occurred at around 16:30 local time. It measured 7.4 Mw and had a maximum intensity of IX (Violent) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology assigned a maximum intensity of VIII on the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale. It killed 14 people, injured 100 others and caused an estimated $2 million in damage.

The 1816 North Atlantic earthquake occurred on 2 February somewhere between the Azores Islands and Lisbon, Portugal. The estimated moment magnitude 8.3–8.9 earthquake had an epicenter offshore in the Atlantic Ocean, and was felt in Lisbon at 00:40 local time. Little is known about the quake, but it is believed to be one of the largest to have struck the Atlantic.

The 1909 Benavente earthquake occurred on April 23 at 17:39:36 local in the Santarém District of the Central Region, Portugal. The earthquake had an estimated moment magnitude of 6.0 and a maximum intensity assigned at X (Extreme) on the Mercalli scale. It nearly destroyed the town of Benavente, killing 60 and injuring 75 people as a result.

During April 1819, the area around Copiapó in northern Chile was struck by a sequence of earthquakes over a period of several days. The largest of these earthquakes occurred on 11 April at about 15:00 local time, with an estimated magnitude of Mw 8.5. The other two events, on 3 April between 08:00 and 09:00 local time and on 4 April at 16:00 local time, are interpreted as foreshocks to the mainshock on 11 April. The mainshock triggered a tsunami that affected 800 km of coastline and was also recorded at Hawaii. The city of Copiapó was devastated.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1867 Java earthquake</span> Earthquake in the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia)

The 1867 Central Java earthquake occurred on June 10 at between 04:20 and 04:30 local time. It struck off the southern coast of the Indonesian island with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.8 (Mw ). Widespread devastation occurred in Central Java, where as many as 700 people were killed. The intermediate-depth intraslab earthquake did not cause a tsunami.

The 1979 Yapen earthquake occurred on September 12 at 05:17:51 UTC. It had an epicenter near the coast of Yapen Island in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Measuring 7.5 on the moment magnitude scale and having a depth of 20 km (12 mi), it caused severe damage on the island. At least 115 were killed due to shaking and a moderate tsunami.

The 1882 Panama earthquake occurred on September 7 at around 03:50 (UTC-5). The earthquake measured a magnitude between 7.9 and 8.3 on the surface-wave magnitude scale, making it the largest earthquake recorded in Panamanian history. It struck the San Blas Islands and was strongly felt in the City of Colón as well as the capital of Panama City. The earthquake also produced a major tsunami that had a maximum run-up of 3 meters. In total, the earthquake killed 250 people, 75 of which were from the tsunami. The earthquake and tsunami also halted the construction of the Panama Canal by a few months.

On November 14, 1986, a strong earthquake with a recorded magnitude of 7.4 struck Hualien City in Taiwan. The earthquake killed 15 people and injured 44. Landslides occurred along a highway between Su'ao and Hualien. The Taiwan–Guam and Taiwan–Okinawa undersea telecommunication cables were damaged. The earthquake triggered a tsunami with a maximum height of 0.3 m. The tsunami sank 10 fishing boats in Hualien and Yilan and was attributed with six injuries.

References

  1. ↑ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "Tsunami Event Information GULF OF CADIZ". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  2. ↑ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "PORTUGAL: CABO SAN VICENTE". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  3. ↑ M. A. Baptista and J. M. Miranda (2009). "Revision of the Portuguese catalog of tsunamis" (PDF). Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 9 (1): 25–49. Bibcode:2009NHESS...9...25B. doi: 10.5194/nhess-9-25-2009 . hdl: 10400.21/1265 .
  4. ↑ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "PORTUGAL: CABO SAN VICENTE: SW". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  5. ↑ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "PORTUGAL: LISBON". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  6. ↑ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "PORTUGAL: LISBON; SPAIN: SEVILLA, CORDOVA". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  7. ↑ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "TAGUS RIVER, LISBON". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  8. ↑ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "PORTUGAL: LISBON". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  9. ↑ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "PORTUGAL: LISBON". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  10. ↑ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "PORTUGAL: LOULE". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  11. ↑ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "PORTUGAL: MONTE SANTO, LISBON". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  12. ↑ Chester, David K; Chester, Olivia K (December 2010). "The impact of eighteenth century earthquakes on the Algarve region, southern Portugal: The impact of eighteenth century earthquakes on the Algarve region". Geographical Journal. 176 (4): 350–370. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4959.2010.00367.x.
  13. ↑ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "PORTUGAL: TAVIRA, ALGARVE". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  14. ↑ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "PORTUGAL: LISBON". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  15. ↑ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "Tsunami Event Information LISBON". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  16. ↑ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "PORTUGAL: LISBON". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  17. ↑ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "PORTUGAL: LISBON". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  18. ↑ José R. Ribeiro; Ana P. S. Correia; Ana I. C. Ribeiro (2020). "2 February 1816, an Overlooked North Atlantic M 8 Earthquake". Seismological Research Letters. 91 (5): 2912–2921. Bibcode:2020SeiRL..91.2912R. doi:10.1785/0220200201. S2CID   225211860.
  19. ↑ Angela Santos, Nuno Fonseca, Margarida Queirós, José Luís Zêzere and José Luís Bucho (8 November 2017). "Implementation of Tsunami Evacuation Maps at Setubal Municipality, Portugal". Geosciences. 7 (4): 116. Bibcode:2017Geosc...7..116S. doi: 10.3390/geosciences7040116 . hdl: 10451/36215 .{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ↑ Susana P. Vilanova and Joao F. B. D. Fonseca (October 2007). "Probabilistic Seismic-Hazard Assessment for Portugal". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 97 (5): 1702–1717. Bibcode:2007BuSSA..97.1702V. doi:10.1785/0120050198.
  21. ↑ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "PORTUGAL: SETUBAL". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  22. ↑ Teves-Costa, P., Batlló, J. (2011). "The 23 April 1909 Benavente earthquake (Portugal): macroseismic field revision". Journal of Seismology. 15 (1): 59–70. Bibcode:2011JSeis..15...59T. doi:10.1007/s10950-010-9207-6. S2CID   129731577.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  23. ↑ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "PORTUGAL: RIBATEJO, BENAVENTE". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  24. ↑ "M 7.8 - Azores-Cape St. Vincent Ridge". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  25. ↑ NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database. "PORTUGAL; MOROCCO: RABAT, SALE; SPAIN: CANARY IS". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
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