List of Portuguese monarchs

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King of Portugal and the Algarves
(1139–1910)
Coats of arms of the Kingdom of Portugal and Algarves (1834 to 1910) - Lesser.png
SMF Manoel II.jpg
Manuel II , last King of Portugal
Duarte Pio di Braganza (3.1).jpg
Dom Duarte Pio, Duke of Bragança, claimant of the dormant throne
Details
Style Most Faithful Majesty
First monarch Afonso I
Last monarch Manuel II
Formation25 July 1139
Abolition5 October 1910
Residence Royal residences in Portugal
Pretender(s) Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza

This is a list of Portuguese monarchs who ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of Portugal, in 1139, to the deposition of the Portuguese monarchy and creation of the Portuguese Republic with the 5 October 1910 revolution.

Contents

Through the nearly 800 years in which Portugal was a monarchy, the kings held various other titles and pretensions. Two kings of Portugal, Ferdinand I and Afonso V, claimed the crown of Castile and waged wars in order to enforce their respective claims. Ferdinand I managed to be recognized as King of Galiza in 1369, although his dominance of the region was short-lived. When the House of Habsburg came into power, the kings of Spain, Naples, and Sicily also became kings of Portugal. The House of Braganza brought numerous titles to the Portuguese Crown some honorary, such as the attribution of the title of Rex Fidelissimus (His Most Faithful Majesty), and royal titles, such as King of Brazil and then de jure Emperor of Brazil.

After the demise of the Portuguese monarchy, in 1910, Portuguese monarchists launched a counter-revolution known as the Monarchy of the North, though the attempted restoration only lasted a month before destruction. With Manuel II's death, the Miguelist branch of the house of Braganza became the pretenders to the throne of Portugal, and have all been acclaimed king of Portugal by monarchist groups.

Throughout Portugal's history as an independent kingdom, it was ruled by a total of 4 royal houses:

  1. House of Burgundy (1139–1383)
  2. House of Aviz (1385–1580)
  3. House of Habsburg (1581–1640)
  4. House of Braganza (1640–1910)

The House of Burgundy actually held the title of Count of Portugal beginning in 1096. However, all but the most comprehensive lists of Portuguese monarchs exclude such pre-independence figures.

Sovereign County of Portucale (1093–1139)

The Portuguese House of Burgundy (Portuguese : Casa de Borgonha) was established in 1093 under Henry, Count of Portugal ruled the feudal County of Portugal, of the Kingdom of Galicia.

NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Henry (I)
c. 1066 – 1112109322 May 1112Co-ruler with his wife, Teresa Burgundy
Shield of the County of Portugal (1095-1139).png
Henry, Count of Portugal.jpg
Teresa (I)
  • The Countess-Queen
c. 1080 – 11 November 1130109324 June 1128Co-ruler with her husband, Henry (1096–1112), and their son, Afonso (1112–1128); titled Queen of Portugal from 1116 onwards Burgundy
Shield of the County of Portugal (1095-1139).png
Theresa, Countess of Portugal.jpg
Afonso Henriques 1106/09/11 – 6 December 1185 (aged 73–79)24 June 112825 July 1139Son of Henry, Count of Portugal and Teresa, Countess of Portugal
raised himself from the status of count/duke of Portucale to King of Portugal
Burgundy
Shield of the County of Portugal (1095-1139).png
AfonsoI-P.jpg

Afonsine Dynasty (1139–1383)

When Afonso Henriques was proclaimed King of Portugal by his troops in 1139, he turned the family from a comital house to a royal house which would rule Portugal for over two centuries, establishing the Afonsine Dynasty (Dinastia Afonsina). During the Reconquista, the Afonsine Dynasty expanded the country southwards until the definitive conquest of Algarve with Sancho II and the establishment of the Kingdom of Algarve, in 1249, under Afonso III. When Ferdinand I died, a succession crisis occurred between 1383 and 1385. Ferdinand's daughter Beatrice of Portugal was proclaimed queen and her husband John I of Castile proclaimed king by the right of his wife. Her legitimacy as a monarch is disputed. [1] [2]

NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Afonso I
  • The Conqueror; The Great; The Founder; The Father of the Nation
  • Portuguese: Afonso Henriques
1106/09/11 – 6 December 1185 (aged 73–79)25 July 11396 December 1185Previously Count of Portugal
Founder of the Kingdom of Portugal
Son of Henry, Count of Portugal and Teresa, Countess of Portugal
Burgundy
Shield of the County of Portugal (1095-1139).png
AfonsoI-P.jpg
Sancho (I)
  • Junior king (co-monarch with his father and sister)
11 November 1154 – 26 March 1211 (aged 56)11696 December 1185Son of Afonso IBurgundy
Shield of the County of Portugal (1095-1139).png
SanchoI-P.jpg
Teresa (II)
  • Junior queen (co-monarch with her father and brother)
1151 – 6 May 1218 (aged 66–67)11691183Daughter of Afonso IBurgundy
Shield of the County of Portugal (1095-1139).png
D. Teresa de Portugal, Condessa da Flandres - The Portuguese Genealogy (Genealogia dos Reis de Portugal).png
Sancho I
  • The Populator
11 November 1154 – 26 March 1211 (aged 56)6 December 118526 March 1211Son of Afonso IBurgundy
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1139).svg
SanchoI-P.jpg
Afonso II
  • The Fat; The Leprous; The Lawgiver
23 April 1185 – 25 March 1223 (aged 37)27 March 121125 March 1223Son of Sancho IBurgundy
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1139).svg
AfonsoII-P.jpg
Teresa (III)
  • Holy Theresa of Portugal; Lady of Montemor-o-Velho (disputed the throne to her brother Afonso)
4 October 1176 – 18 June 1250 (aged 73)27 March 121125 March 1223Daughter of Sancho IBurgundy
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1139).svg
D. Teresa de Portugal, Rainha de Leao - The Portuguese Genealogy (Genealogia dos Reis de Portugal).png
Sancha
  • Holy Sancha of Portugal; Lady of Alenquer (disputed the throne to her brother Afonso)
1180 – 13 March 1229 (aged 48–49)27 March 121125 March 1223Daughter of Sancho IBurgundy
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1139).svg
D. Sancha de Portugal - The Portuguese Genealogy (Genealogia dos Reis de Portugal).png
Mafalda
  • Holy Mafalda of Portugal; Lady of Arouca (disputed the throne to her brother Afonso)
11 January 1195 – 1 May 1257 (aged 61)27 March 121125 March 1223Daughter of Sancho IBurgundy
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1139).svg
D. Mafalda de Portugal, Rainha de Castela - The Portuguese Genealogy (Genealogia dos Reis de Portugal).png
Sancho II
  • The Cowled; The Hooded; The Pious
8 September 1209 – 4 January 1248 (aged 38)26 March 12234 December 1247Son of Afonso IIBurgundy
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1139).svg
SanchoII-P.jpg
Afonso III
  • The Boulonnais; The One from Boulougne-sur-Mer
5 May 1210 – 16 February 1279 (aged 68)4 January 124816 February 1279Son of Afonso II
Brother of Sancho II
Burgundy
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1247).svg
Portugal-afonso3.jpg
Denis I
  • The Farmer; The Farmer-King; The Husbandman; The Poet; The Poet-King; The Troubadour; The Just; The Liberal
  • Portuguese: Dinis I
9 October 1261 – 7 January 1325 (aged 63)6 February 12797 January 1325Son of Afonso IIIBurgundy
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1247).svg
Dinis-P.jpg
Afonso IV
  • The Brave; The Bold
8 February 1291 – 28 May 1357 (aged 66)7 January 132528 May 1357Son of Denis IBurgundy
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1247).svg
AfonsoIV-P.jpg
Peter I
  • The Cruel; The Just; The Enemy-Son; The Stutterer; The Till-the-End-of-the-World-Passionate; The Vengeful; The Revengeful
  • Portuguese: Pedro I
8 April 1320 – 18 January 1367 (aged 46)28 May 135718 January 1367Son of Afonso IVBurgundy
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1247).svg
PeterIofPortugal.jpg
Ferdinand I
  • The Handsome; The Fair; The Debonair; The Inconstant; The Fickle; The Inconscient
  • Portuguese: Fernando I
31 October 1345 – 22 October 1383 (aged 37)18 January 136722 October 1383Son of Peter IBurgundy
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1247).svg
Portrait of King Fernando I, Belem Collection.JPG
Beatrice I
7–13 February 1373 – c.1420 (aged 46–47)(Disputed) 1383(Disputed) 1385Daughter of Ferdinand IBurgundy
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1247).svg
Detalle del Sepulcro de Beatriz de Portugal.jpg

Johanine Dynasty (1385–1580)

The House of Aviz (Portuguese : Casa de Avis), succeeded the House of Burgundy as the reigning house of the Kingdom of Portugal. The house was founded by John, Master of Aviz, thus establishing the Johanine Dynasty (Dinastia Joanina). When King John II of Portugal died without an heir, the throne of Portugal passed to his cousin, Manuel, Duke of Beja. When King Sebastian of Portugal died, the throne passed to his Grand-uncle, Henry of Portugal (he might be called Henry II because Henry, Count of Portugal, father of Alphonso I of Portugal, was the first of that name to rule Portugal). When Henry died, a succession crisis occurred and António, Prior of Crato, was proclaimed António of Portugal.

NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
John I
  • Of Good Memory; The One with Good Memory; Of Fond Memory; The Master of Avis; The Good; The Great; The Bastard
  • Portuguese: João I
11 April 1357 – 14 August 1433 (aged 76)6 April 138514 August 1433Illegitimate son of Peter I Aviz
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1385).svg
Anoniem - Koning Johan I van Portugal (1450-1500) - Lissabon Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga 19-10-2010 16-12-61.jpg
Edward I
  • The Eloquent; The Philosopher; The Philosopher-King
  • Portuguese: Duarte I
31 October 1391 – 9 September 1438 (aged 46)14 August 14339 September 1438Son of John IAviz
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1385).svg
Duarte of Portugal detail.jpg
Afonso V
  • The African; The Crusader
15 January 1432 – 28 August 1481 (aged 49)13 September 1438

15 November 1477
11 November 1477

28 August 1481
Son of Edward IAviz
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1385).svg
AfonsoV-P.jpg
John II
  • The Perfect Prince; The Man (O Homem)
  • Portuguese: João II
3 March 1455 – 25 October 1495 (aged 40)11 November 1477

28 August 1481
15 November 1477

25 October 1495
Son of Afonso VAviz
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1485).svg
D. Joao II half-length - Museu de Marinha.jpg
Manuel I
  • The Fortunate; The Grocer King/The Spices King (O Rei das Especiarias)
31 May 1469 – 13 December 1521 (aged 52)25 October 149513 December 1521Cousin of John II
Grandson of Edward I
Aviz-Beja
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1485).svg
D. Manuel I half-length - Museu de Marinha.jpg
John III
7 June 1502 – 11 June 1557 (aged 55)13 December 152111 June 1557Son of Manuel IAviz-Beja
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1485).svg
D. Joao III - Cristovao Lopes (attrib).png
Sebastian I
  • The Desired; The Postumous; The Sleeping Hero; The Sleeping King; The Hidden; The Crusader; The Virgin King
  • Portuguese: Sebastião I
20 January 1554 – 4 August 1578 (aged 24)11 June 15574 August 1578Grandson of John IIIAviz-Beja
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1485).svg
Attributed to Cristovao de Morais (active 1551-73) - Sebastian, King of Portugal (1554-78) - RCIN 402723 - Royal Collection.jpg
Henry I
  • The Chaste; The Cardinal; The Cardinal-King
  • Portuguese: Henrique I
31 January 1512 – 31 January 1580 (aged 68)4 August 157831 January 1580Son of Manuel I
Brother of John III
Great-uncle of Sebastian
Aviz-Beja
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1485).svg
Ritratto di Enrico I del Portogallo (1587) - Cristofano dell'Altissimo (Galleria degli Uffizi).png
Anthony I
1531 – 28 August 1595 (aged 64)(Disputed) 24 July 1580(Disputed) 1583Grandson of Manuel I
Nephew of Henry I
Aviz-Beja
Brasao de armas do reino de Portugal (1485).svg
Anthony I of Portugal.jpg

Philippine Dynasty (1581–1640)

The House of Habsburg (Portuguese : Casa de Habsburgo, Casa da Áustria) ruled Portugal from 1581 to 1640. The dynasty began with the acclamation of Philip II of Spain as Philip I of Portugal in 1580, officially recognized in 1581 by the Portuguese Cortes of Tomar. Philip I swore to rule Portugal as a kingdom separate from his Spanish domains, under a personal union known historiographically as the Iberian Union. Following the convention of Portuguese dynasties being named after their first king, this dynasty is named the Philippine Dynasty (Dinastia Filipina), an especially apt name given all Habsburg monarchs of Portugal would bear the name "Philip".

NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Philip I
21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598 (aged 71)17 April 158113 September 1598Grandson of Manuel I
Nephew of Henry I
Habsburg
Royal Arms of Spain (1580-1668).svg
Alonso Sanchez Coello - Felipe II como Rey de Portugal.jpg
Philip II
14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621 (aged 42)13 September 159831 March 1621Son of Philip IHabsburg
Royal Arms of Spain (1580-1668).svg
Felipe III de Espana.jpg
Philip III
  • The Great; The Tyrant; The Oppressor
  • Portuguese: Filipe III
8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665 (aged 60)31 March 16211 December 1640Son of Philip IIHabsburg
Royal Arms of Spain (1580-1668).svg
Philip IV of Spain - Velazquez 1644.jpg

Brigantine Dynasty (1640–1910)

The House of Braganza (Portuguese : Casa de Bragança) came to power in 1640, when John II, Duke of Braganza, claimed to be the rightful heir of the defunct House of Aviz, as he was the great-great-grandson of King Manuel I. John was proclaimed King John IV, and he deposed the House of Habsburg in 1640 during the Portuguese Restoration War. The Habsburgs continued to claim the throne of Portugal until the end of the war in the Treaty of Lisbon (1668). Unlike other dynasties, it is not dubbed after its founder (as John IV shares a first name with John I), instead being named called the Brigantine Dynasty (Dinastia Brigantina, “Brigantine” meaning “from Braganza”).

The descendants of Queen Maria II and her consort, King Ferdinand II (a German prince of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha), came to rule in 1853. Portuguese law and custom treated them as members of the House of Braganza, though they were still Saxe-Coburg and Gotha dynasts. This has led some to classify these last four monarchs of Portugal as members of a new royal family, called the House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Casa de Bragança-Saxe-Coburgo e Gota), though this view is not widely held.

NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
John IV
  • The Restorer; The Fortunate; The Musician King
  • Portuguese: João IV
19 March 1604 – 6 November 1656 (aged 52)1 December 16406 November 1656Was chosen as king through Acclamation (unanimous consent) by the Portuguese people. Later, by right of conquest, dethroned the King Philip III. Was also great-great-grandson of Manuel I Braganza
Coat of arms of the House of Braganza.svg
JoaoIVPortugal.jpg
Afonso VI
  • The Victorious
21 August 1643 – 12 September 1683 (aged 40)6 November 165612 September 1683Son of John IVBraganza
Coat of arms of the House of Braganza.svg
Afonso VI, Rei de Portugal.JPG
Peter II
26 April 1648 – 9 December 1706 (aged 58)6 November 16839 December 1706Son of John IV
Brother of Afonso VI
Braganza
Coat of arms of the House of Braganza.svg
D. Pedro II, Rei de Portugal.JPG
John V
  • The Magnanimous; The Magnificent; The Generous; The Most Faithful King; The Nuns' Lover; The Portuguese Sun-King
  • Portuguese: João V
22 October 1689 – 31 July 1750 (aged 60)9 December 170631 July 1750Son of Peter IIBraganza
Coat of arms of the House of Braganza.svg
D. Joao V (1689-1750) Hd.jpg
Joseph I
6 June 1714 – 24 February 1777 (age 62)31 July 175024 February 1777Son of John VBraganza
Coat of arms of the House of Braganza.svg
Portrait of Joseph Emanuel, King of Portugal (1773) - Miguel Antonio do Amaral.png
Mary I
(1734-12-17)17 December 1734 – 20 March 1816(1816-03-20) (aged 81)24 February 177720 March 1816Daughter of Joseph IBraganza
Coat of arms of the House of Braganza.svg
Maria I, Queen of Portugal - Giuseppe Troni, atribuido (Turim, 1739-Lisboa, 1810) - Google Cultural Institute.jpg
Peter III
  • The Capacidónio; The Builder; The Edifier; The Sacristan; The Enabler
  • Portuguese: Pedro III
(1717-07-05)5 July 1717 – 25 May 1786(1786-05-25) (aged 68)24 February 177725 May 1786Husband of Maria I
Son of John V
jure uxoris king
Braganza
Coat of arms of the House of Braganza.svg
Portret portugal'skogo korolia Pedro III.jpg
John VI
13 May 1767 – 10 March 1826 (aged 58)20 March 181610 March 1826Son of Maria I and Peter IIIBraganza
Coat of arms of the House of Braganza.svg
Retrato de D. Joao VI - Gregorius, Albertus Jacob Frans.jpg
Peter IV
  • The Soldier King; The Liberator; The Emperor; The King-Emperor; The Hero of Two Worlds
  • Portuguese: Pedro IV
12 October 1798 – 24 September 1834 (aged 35)10 March 18262 May 1826Son of John VIBraganza
Coat of arms of the House of Braganza.svg
DpedroI-brasil-full.jpg
Mary II
(1st reign)
  • The Educator; The Good Mother; The Constitucional
  • Portuguese: Maria II
4 April 1819 – 15 November 1853 (aged 34)2 May 182623 June 1828Daughter of Peter IV Braganza
Coat of arms of the House of Braganza.svg
Maria II Portugal 1829.jpg
Michael I
  • The Absolutist; The Traditionalist; The Usurper
  • Portuguese: Miguel I
26 October 1802 – 14 November 1866 (aged 64)26 February 18286 May 1834Son of John VI Braganza
Coat of arms of the House of Braganza.svg
30- Rei D. Miguel - O Absoluto.jpg
Mary II
(2nd reign)
  • The Educator; The Good Mother; The Constitucional
  • Portuguese: Maria II
4 April 1819 – 15 November 1853 (aged 34)26 May 183415 November 1853Daughter of Peter IV Braganza
Coat of arms of the House of Braganza.svg
Queen Maria II by John Simpson.jpg
Ferdinand II
29 October 1816 – 15 December 1885 (aged 69)16 September 183715 November 1853Husband of Maria II
jure uxoris king
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha-Koháry
Braganca-Saxe-Coburgo-Gota (COA).png
Ferdinand II, King Consort of Portugal 1861.jpg
Peter V
  • The Hopeful; The Beloved; The Well-Beloved
  • Portuguese: Pedro V
16 September 1837 – 11 November 1861 (aged 24)15 November 185311 November 1861Son of Maria II and Ferdinand IIBraganza [a]
Coat of arms of the House of Braganza.svg
D. Pedro V fotografado por Mayer & Pierson.png
Louis I
  • The Popular; The Musician King; The Painter King
  • Portuguese: Luís I
31 October 1838 – 19 October 1889 (aged 50)11 November 186119 October 1889Son of Maria II and Ferdinand II
Brother of Peter V
Braganza [a]
Coat of arms of the House of Braganza.svg
LodewijkPortugal.jpg
Carlos I
  • The Diplomat; The Martyr; The Martyred; The Oceanographer; The Hunter; The Painter King; The Obese
28 September 1863 – 1 February 1908 (aged 44)19 October 18891 February 1908Son of Louis IBraganza [a]
Coat of arms of the House of Braganza.svg
S.M.F. El-Rei D. Carlos I de Portugal.jpg
Louis II [b]
  • The Prince Royal; The Martyred
  • Portuguese: Luís II
21 March 1887 – 1 February 1908 (aged 20)(Disputed)
1 February 1908
(Disputed)
1 February 1908 (20 minutes)
Son of Carlos IBraganza [a]
Coat of arms of the House of Braganza.svg
Luis Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal.jpg
Manuel II
  • The Patriot; The Sorrowful; The Unfortunate; The Studious; The Scholar; The Erudite; The Learned; The Bibliophile; The Missed-King
15 November 1889 – 2 July 1932 (aged 42)1 February 1908

19 January 1919 [c]
5 October 1910

14 February 1919 [c]
Son of Carlos I
Last King of Portugal
Braganza [a]
Coat of arms of the House of Braganza.svg
Manoel II, King of Portugal (Nov 1909).png

Length of reign

NameReignDuration
Afonso I 25 July 1139 – 6 December 118546 years 4 months 11 days
Sancho I 6 December 1185 – 26 March 121125 years 3 months 20 days
Afonso II 26 March 1211 – 25 March 122311 years 11 months 27 days
Sancho II 25 March 1223 – 4 December 124724 years 8 months 9 days
Afonso III 4 January 1248 – 16 February 127931 years 1 month 12 days
Denis I 6 February 1279 – 7 January 132545 years 11 months 1 day
Afonso IV 7 January 1325 – 28 May 135732 years 4 months 21 days
Peter I 28 May 1357 – 18 January 13679 years 7 months 21 days
Ferdinand I 18 January 1367 – 22 October 138316 years 9 months 4 days
John I 6 April 1385 – 14 August 143348 years 4 months 8 days
Edward 14 August 1433 – 9 September 14385 years 26 days
Afonso V 13 September 1438 – 11 November 1477,
15 November 1477 – 28 August 1481
42 years 11 months 11 days

1st: (39 years 1 month 29 days),
2nd: (3 years 9 months 13 days)

John II 11 November 1477 – 15 November 1477,
28 August 1481 – 25 October 1495
14 years 2 months 1 day

1st: (4 days),
2nd: (14 years 1 month 27 days)

Manuel I 25 October 1495 – 13 December 152126 years 1 month 18 days
John III 13 December 1521 – 11 June 155735 years 5 months 29 days
Sebastian I 11 June 1557 – 4 August 157821 years 1 month 24 days
Henry I 4 August 1578 – 31 January 15801 year 5 months 27 days
Philip I 12 September 1580 – 13 September 159818 years 1 day
Philip II 13 September 1598 – 31 March 162122 years 6 months 18 days
Philip III 31 March 1621 – 1 December 164019 years 8 months 1 day
John IV 1 December 1640 – 6 November 165615 years 11 months 5 days
Afonso VI 6 November 1656 – 12 September 168326 years 10 months 6 days
Peter II 12 September 1683 – 9 December 170623 years 2 months 27 days
John V 9 December 1706 – 31 July 175043 years 7 months 22 days
Joseph I 31 July 1750 – 24 February 177726 years 6 months 24 days
Maria I 24 February 1777 – 20 March 181639 years 25 days
Peter III 24 February 1777 – 25 May 17869 years 3 months 1 day
John VI 20 March 1816 – 10 March 18269 years 11 months 18 days
Peter IV 10 March 1826 – 2 May 18261 month 22 days
Maria II 2 May 1826 – 23 June 1828,
26 May 1834 – 15 November 1853
21 years 7 months 10 days

1st: (2 years 1 month 21 days),
2nd: (19 years 5 months 20 days)

Michael I 11 July 1828 – 26 May 18345 years 10 months 15 days
Ferdinand II 16 September 1837 – 15 November 185316 years 1 month 30 days
Peter V 15 November 1853 – 11 November 18617 years 11 months 27 days
Louis I 11 November 1861 – 19 October 188927 years 11 months 8 days
Carlos I 19 October 1889 – 1 February 190818 years 3 months 13 days
Louis II 1 February 1908 – 1 February 1908less than 1 day (20 minutes)
Manuel II 1 February 1908 – 5 October 1910,
19 January 1919 – 14 February 1919
2 years 9 months 1 day

1st: (2 years 8 months 4 days),
2nd: (27 days)

See also


Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Only officially, agnatically a member of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry, an arrangement sometimes referred to as the House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. "While remaining patrilineal dynasts of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha according to pp. 88, 116 of the 1944 Almanach de Gotha , Title 1, Chapter 1, Article 5 of the 1838 Portuguese constitution declared, with respect to Ferdinand II of Portugal's issue by his first wife, that 'the Most Serene House of Braganza is the reigning house of Portugal and continues through the Person of the Lady Queen Maria II'. Thus their mutual descendants constitute the Coburg line of the House of Braganza"
  2. Some historians consider that Manuel II was preceded by his elder brother Luís Filipe, not by his father Carlos. In fact, while king Carlos died instantly under the bullets of the anarchists on 1 February 1908, his son Luís Filipe, the crown prince, survived for at least twenty-five minutes, enough to allow governmental officials to name him king. This act is, however, usually considered as historically irrelevant, given that the crown prince never recovered from his coma. His younger brother Manuel (who was also injured, though not seriously) is therefore considered to have been the direct successor of the murdered King Carlos I.
  3. 1 2 Attempted restauration of the monarchy in Portugal ( Monarchy of the North .)

References

  1. David Williamson, «Debrett's Kings and Queens of Europe»,1988,Webb & Bower, Exeter, ISBN   0-86350-194-X; César Olivera Serrano, «Beatriz de Portugal»
  2. García de Cortázar, Fernando (1999), Breve historia de España, Alianza Editorial, page 712; Armindo de Sousa, in História de Portugal coordinated by José Mattoso, Editorial Estampa, vol. II, ISBN   972-33-0919-X, pages 494/95

Further reading