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The Descendants of John VI of Portugal , of the House of Braganza, would play a role in Portuguese imperial affairs, global royalty, and major historical events of their time. John's marriage to Carlota Joaquina of Spain, which was not a content one, produced many children who became key players in the world at their time.
His descendants can be found in both reigning and non-reigning royal families of Europe and Brazil; in fact, mainly through his second son, Miguel, nicknamed the "Grandfather of Europe:, his descendants nowadays rule in Belgium, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, and were claimants to the thrones of Portugal, Austria, and the former Duchy of Parma.[ citation needed ]
This article deals with the children of John VI and in turn their senior heirs.
John, born on 13 May 1767 in Lisbon, was the second son of King Maria I and Pedro III.
When John was born, his brother, José, Prince of Brazil, was the heir to their mother, Maria I of Portugal. It was only after José's death by smallpox, in 1788, that John became the heir to the Portuguese throne. By this time, John was 21 years old and had not been groomed to become monarch, as his brother was so famously, and rigorously, done. He was said to have been uncultured, stupid, and ill-mannered, which worried the kingdom.
In 1799, John became Prince regent for his mother, who had been declared unable to reign, owing to her mental illness. At the same time, Napoleon Bonaparte had taken control of France through his coup-d'etat, the 18 Brumaire. Spain and France would soon sign a treaty and declare war and attempt to invade Portugal, starting the War of the Oranges. While peace was eventually attained, Portugal and its empire suffered territorial losses.
Portugal was the last country on the continent to not have joined the Continental System, John having tried to push his answer as long as he could. In 1807, France grew restless and finally sent troops on their way to Portugal, to force submission. To safeguard the House of Braganza and its rule over the Portuguese Empire, John moved the Portuguese court and capital to a safer location in the empire, Colonial Brazil. To satisfy the etiquette required by European society, John raised Brazil to a kingdom, forming the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves.
In Rio de Janeiro, John established his court. In 1816, Maria I died and John was acclaimed King John VI of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves. By this time, Napoleon had been defeated and European courts demanded the return of the Portuguese court to Europe, which John eventually did, but leaving Pedro, Prince Royal as regent of Brazil. Refusing to return to Europe, Pedro declared Brazilian Independence.
When John died, a crisis of succession would occur over the Portuguese throne, a crisis fueled by John's children. It is John's eldest sons and granddaughter that would split the House of Braganza into three branches, the original House of Braganza, the Brazilian House of Braganza, and the Miguelist House of Braganza.
On 8 May 1785, John married Carlota Joaquina of Spain. The couple had 9 children.
Descendant | Image | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maria Teresa of Braganza, Princess of Beira 1793–1874 | 29 April 1793 Palace of Ajuda daughter of John VI and Carlota Joaquina of Spain | Infante Pedro Carlos of Spain and Portugal 13 May 1810 1 child Carlos V of Spain (carlist) June 1838 no children | 17 January 1874 Trieste aged 80 | |
Infante Sebastian of Portugal and Spain 1811–1875 | 4 November 1811 Rio de Janeiro son of Maria Teresa, Princess of Beira and Infante Pedro Carlos of Spain and Portugal | Maria Amalia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies 25 May 1832 no children Maria Cristina of Spain 19 November 1860 5 children | 13 January 1875 Pau aged 63 | |
Francisco María, Duke of Marchena 1861–1923 | 20 August 1861 Madrid son of Infante Sebastian of Portugal and Spain and Maria Cristina of Spain | María del Pilar of Muguiro and Beruete 7 January 1886 3 children | 17 November 1923 Neuilly-sur-Seine aged 62 | |
María Cristina, Duchess of Marchena 1889–1981 | 27 July 1889 Paris daughter of Francisco María, Duke of Marchena and María del Pilar of Muguiro and Beruete | Leopold Walford November 11, 1911 2 children | 3 October 1981 London aged 92 | |
Juan Jorge, Duke of Ansola and Marchena 1912–1999 | 20 August 1912 Paris son of María Cristina, Duchess of Marchena and Leopold Walford | Emanuela Hawkins 1935 7 children | 22 February 1999 London aged 87 | |
Juan Jacobo, Duke of Marchena 1941–present | 27 July 1941 London son of Juan Jorge, Duke of Ansola and Marchena and Emanuela Hawkins | not married | ||
Descendant | Image | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Francisco António of Braganza, Prince of Beira 1795–1801 | 21 March 1795 Queluz Palace son of John VI and Carlota Joaquina of Spain | never married | 11 June 1801 Queluz Palace aged 6 | |
Descendant | Image | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maria Isabel of Braganza 1797–1818 | 19 May 1797 Queluz Palace daughter of John VI and Carlota Joaquina of Spain | Ferdinand VII of Spain 29 September 1816 1 child | 26 December 1818 Royal Palace of Madrid aged 21 | |
Descendant | Image | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maria Francisca of Braganza 1800–1834 | 22 April 1800 Queluz Palace daughter of John VI and Carlota Joaquina of Spain | Infante Carlos, Count of Molina 22 September 1816 3 children | 4 September 1834 Alverstoke aged 34 | |
Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin 1818–1861 | 31 January 1818 Madrid son of Maria Francisca of Portugal and Infante Carlos, Count of Molina | Maria Carolina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies 10 July 1850 no children | 13 January 1861 Trieste aged 43 | |
Juan, Count of Montizón 1822–1887 | 15 May 1822 Royal Palace of Aranjuez son of Maria Francisca of Portugal and Infante Carlos, Count of Molina | Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este 6 February 1847 2 children | 18 November 1887 Hove aged 65 | |
Carlos, Duke of Madrid 1848–1909 | 30 March 1848 Ljubljana son of Juan, Count of Montizón and Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este | Margherita of Bourbon-Parma 4 February 1867 5 children Berthe de Rohan 28 April 1894 no children | 18 July 1909 Varese aged 61 | |
Jaime, Duke of Madrid 1870–1931 | 27 June 1870 Vevey son of Carlos, Duke of Madrid and Margherita of Bourbon-Parma | never married | 2 October 1931 Paris aged 61 | |
Infanta Blanca of Spain 1868–1949 | 7 September 1868 Graz daughter of Carlos, Duke of Madrid and Margherita of Bourbon-Parma | Leopold Salvator, Prince of Tuscany 24 October 1889 10 children | 25 October 1949 Viareggio aged 81 | |
Anton, Prince of Tuscany 1901–1987 | 20 March 1901 Vienna son of Blanca of Spain and Leopold Salvator, Prince of Tuscany | Ileana of Romania 26 July 1931 6 children | 22 October 1987 Salzburg aged 86 | |
Archduke Stefan of Austria 1932–1998 | 15 August 1932 Mödling son of Anton, Prince of Tuscany and Ileana of Romania | Mary Jerrine Soper 26 August 1954 5 children | 12 November 1998 Brighton aged 66 | |
Christopher Habsburg-Lothringen 1957–present | 26 January 1957 Boston son of Archduke Stefan of Austria and Mary Jerrine Soper | Elizabeth Ann Blanchette 2 May 1987 2 children | ||
Saygan Genevieve Habsburg-Lothringen 1987–present | 31 October 1987 Mill Valley son of Christopher Habsburg-Lothringen and Elizabeth Ann Blanchette | not married | ||
Descendant | Image | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Isabel Maria of Braganza 1801–1876 | 4 July 1801 Queluz Palace daughter of John VI and Carlota Joaquina of Spain | never married | 22 April 1876 Belém aged 74 | |
Descendant | Image | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maria da Assunção of Braganza 1805–1834 | 25 June 1805 Queluz Palace daughter of John VI and Carlota Joaquina of Spain | never married | 7 January 1834 Santarém aged 29 | |
Descendant | Image | Birth | Marriages | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ana de Jesus Maria of Braganza 1806–1834 | 23 October 1806 Mafra Palace daughter of John VI and Carlota Joaquina of Spain | Nuno de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé 5 December 1827 5 children | 22 June 1857 Rome aged 28 | |
Pedro de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé 1830–1909 | 7 October 1830 Paris son of Ana de Jesus Maria of Portugal and Nuno de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé | Constança Maria de Figueiredo Cabral da Camara 19 April 1852 2 children | 2 March 1909 Belém aged 79 | |
Maria de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duchess of Loulé 1853–1928 | 3 March 1853 Belém daughter of Pedro de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé and Constança Maria de Figueiredo Cabral da Camara | João Maria dos Enfermos da Camara Berquó 18 June 1887 1 child | 12 September 1928 Belém aged 75 | |
Constança de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duchess of Loulé 1889–1967 | 18 August 1889 Belém daughter of Maria de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duchess of Loulé and João Maria dos Enfermos da Camara Berquó | José Pedro de Basto Feio Folque 22 May 1921 5 children | 14 December 1967 Belém aged 79 | |
Alberto de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé 1923–2003 | 10 July 1923 Belém son of Constança de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duchess of Loulé and José Pedro de Basto Feio Folque | Maria Augusta Amélia de Morais Cardoso de Menezes 8 July 1953 8 children | 24 September 2003 Cascais aged 80 | |
Pedro de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé 1958–present | 9 March 1958 Lisbon son of Alberto de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé and Maria Augusta Amélia de Morais Cardoso de Menezes | Margarida Corrêa de Barros Vaz Pinto 1997 2 children | ||
D. Henrique Nuno de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto 1997–present | 21 August 1997 Lisbon son of Pedro de Mendoça Rolim de Moura Barreto, Duke of Loulé and Margarida Corrêa de Barros Vaz Pinto | not married | ||
Dom John VI, nicknamed "the Clement", was King of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves from 1816 to 1825. Although the United Kingdom of Portugal ceased to exist de facto beginning in 1822, he remained its monarch de jure between 1822 and 1825. After the recognition of the independence of Brazil under the Treaty of Rio de Janeiro of 1825, he continued as King of Portugal until his death in 1826. Under the same treaty, he also became titular Emperor of Brazil for life, while his son, Emperor Pedro I, was both de facto and de jure the monarch of the newly independent country.
Dona Maria I was Queen of Portugal from 24 February 1777 until her death in 1816. Known as Maria the Pious in Portugal and Maria the Mad in Brazil, she was the first undisputed queen regnant of Portugal and the first monarch of Brazil.
The title Duke of Braganza in the House of Braganza is one of the most important titles in the peerage of Portugal. Starting in 1640, when the House of Braganza acceded to the throne of Portugal, the male heir of the Portuguese Crown were known as Duke of Braganza, along with their style Prince of Beira or Prince of Brazil. The tradition of the heir to the throne being titled Duke of Braganza was revived by various pretenders after the establishment of the Portuguese Republic on 5 October 1910 to signify their claims to the throne.
The Most Serene House of Braganza, also known as the Brigantine dynasty, is a dynasty of emperors, kings, princes, and dukes of Portuguese origin which reigned in Europe and the Americas.
Doña Carlota Joaquina Teresa Cayetana of Spain was Queen of Portugal and Brazil as the wife of King Dom John VI. She was the daughter of King Don Charles IV of Spain and Maria Luisa of Parma.
Prince of Beira is a title traditionally granted to the heir apparent to the throne of Portugal. The title's original use that it be granted on the eldest daughter of the reigning monarch of Portugal. Tied with the title of Prince of Beira, is Duke of Barcelos, as heir to the Duke of Braganza and Prince of Brazil. The title's name has its origins in the Beira province in central Portugal.
Infanta Ana de Jesus Maria of Braganza was a Portuguese infanta and youngest daughter of King John VI and his wife, Carlota Joaquina of Spain.
The Imperial House of Brazil is a Brazilian dynasty of Portuguese origin that ruled the Brazilian Empire from 1822 to 1889, from the time when the then Prince Royal Dom Pedro of Braganza declared Brazil's independence, until Dom Pedro II was deposed during the military coup that led to the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889.
Dom José, Prince of Brazil, Duke of Braganza was the heir apparent to the Kingdom of Portugal until his death in 1788, as the eldest child of Queen Dona Maria I of Portugal and King Dom Pedro III of Portugal, members of the House of Braganza.
Infanta Maria Teresa of Braganza was the firstborn child of John VI of Portugal and Carlota Joaquina of Spain. From 1828 to 1834, she was heiress presumptive to the Portuguese throne.
Infanta Isabel Maria of Braganza was a Portuguese infanta (princess) and fourth daughter of King John VI of Portugal and his wife Carlota Joaquina of Spain. She acted as regent for her brother Pedro IV and for her niece Maria II in 1826-1828.
Princess Januária of Brazil was a Brazilian princess and Portuguese infanta (princess). She was the second daughter of Pedro I of Brazil and IV of Portugal and his first wife, Archduchess Maria Leopoldina of Austria.
The history of the kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves, from the First Treaty of San Ildefonso and the beginning of the reign of Queen Maria I in 1777, to the end of the Liberal Wars in 1834, spans a complex historical period in which several important political and military events led to the end of the absolutist regime and to the installation of a constitutional monarchy in the country.
The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was a pluricontinental monarchy formed by the elevation of the Portuguese colony named State of Brazil to the status of a kingdom and by the simultaneous union of that Kingdom of Brazil with the Kingdom of Portugal and the Kingdom of the Algarves, constituting a single state consisting of three kingdoms.
The Kingdom of Brazil was a constituent kingdom of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves.
The Pantheon of the House of Braganza, also known as the Pantheon of the Braganzas, is the final resting place for many of the members of the House of Braganza, located in the Monastery of São Vicente de Fora in the Alfama district of Lisbon, Portugal. The pantheon's burials have included Portuguese monarchs, Brazilian monarchs, a Romanian monarch, queen consorts of Portugal, and notable Infantes of Portugal, among others.
D. Francisco Antonio of Braganza, Prince of Beira was the first son of D. João Maria and D. Carlota Joaquina, the Prince and Princess of Brazil.
The descendants of Miguel I of Portugal, of the House of Braganza, were numerous and left a lasting mark on European royalty. Miguel married Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein and the strategic marriages for all of their children into various European royalties would earn Miguel the nickname of Grandfather of Europe.
The Curse of the Braganzas is a myth, referred to in several historical chronicles, concerning the House of Braganza, that ruled the Kingdom of Portugal (1640–1910), the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (1815–1822) and the Empire of Brazil (1822–1889) and, therefore, all the Portuguese Overseas Empire.