Demographics of Portugal

Last updated

Demographics of Portugal
Portugal population pyramid.svg
Population pyramid of Portugal as of 2023
PopulationIncrease2.svg 10,467,366 (2022)
Growth rate0.4% (2022)
Birth rate8.0 births/1,000 population (2022)
Death rate11.9 deaths/1,000 population (2022)
Life expectancy81.0 years (2022)
 • male78.1 years (2022)
 • female83.5 years (2022)
Fertility rateIncrease2.svg 1.43 children (2022)
Infant mortality rate2.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2022)
Net migration rate8.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022)
Age structure
0–14 years12.91% (2022)
15–64 years63.13% (2022)
65 and over23.96% (2022)
Sex ratio
Total0.9 male(s)/female (2022)
At birth1.05 male(s)/female (2022)
Nationality
Nationality Portuguese
Major ethnic Portuguese
Language
Official Portuguese

Demographic features of the population of Portugal include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Contents

As of 31 December 2022, Portugal had an estimated population of 10,467,366 inhabitants. [1] Its population density, at 113.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (294/sq mi), is slightly higher than that of most EU countries, moderately surpassing the EU average of 108.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (282/sq mi). [2] [3] However, the distribution of the population is widely uneven; the most densely populated areas are the Lisbon metropolitan area (which contains well above a quarter of the country's population), the metropolitan areas of Porto and the Atlantic coast, while other vast areas are very sparsely populated, like the plateaus of Alentejo, the Trás-os-Montes and Serra da Estrela highlands, and the lesser islands of the Azores archipelago.

The population of the country almost doubled during the twentieth century (+91%), but the pattern of growth was extremely uneven due to large-scale internal migration from the rural North to the industrial cities of Lisbon and Porto, a phenomenon which happened as a consequence of the robust economic growth and structural modernisation, owing to a liberalisation of the economy of the 1960s.

High fertility and birth rates persisted until the 1980s, after which they started to dramatically decline, leading to rapid population aging. At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, almost one in five Portuguese was over 65 years old. [4] Lately, Portugal has been experiencing a short growth in birth rates. The total fertility rate has climbed from an all-time low of 1.21 children per woman in 2013 to 1.43 in 2022, still well below replacement level.

Due to decrease in emigration and increase in immigration in the late 1990s and early 2000s the total population reached its peak in December 2009, standing at 10,573,479. Since then, due to the 2008 financial crisis, immigration (that was- in some years - surpassed by emigration) could not offset a shrinking population size, mainly due to the low birthrate but, also due to aging, the rising mortality. After having decreased by 2.27% by 2018, the total Population of Portugal started to grow again, mainly sustained by growing immigration and slightly increasing birth rates. [5] [6]

Portugal is a fairly linguistically and religiously homogeneous country. Ethnically, the Portuguese people form a big majority of the total population in Portugal. The Portuguese people are mainly a combination of ancient paleolithic populations, and the proto-Celtic, Celtic and Iberian tribes, para-Celtic Lusitanians. Some other groups, like the Romans, Germanic (Visigoths, Suevi, Buri, Alans and Vandals) and later the Moorish (Arabs and Berber), Sephardic Jewish, and the French also passed through the country.

Today, Brazilians, Britons, Indians, Italians, French, Ukrainians, Nepalis and countries members of PALOP (Portuguese-speaking African countries) are the main immigrants and form the major foreign communities in the country. [7] [8]

Portuguese is spoken throughout the country, with only some villages near the northern municipality of Miranda do Douro speaking Mirandese, locally recognised as a co-official language.

Total fertility rate from 1850 to 1899

Population pyramid from 1950 to 2020 Portugal population pyramid from 1950 to 2020.gif
Population pyramid from 1950 to 2020

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation. [9]

Years18501851185218531854185518561857185818591860 [9]
Total Fertility Rate in Portugal4.54.474.444.414.384.354.334.34.274.244.21
Years1861186218631864186518661867186818691870 [9]
Total Fertility Rate in Portugal4.184.154.124.094.14.114.124.144.154.16
Years1871187218731874187518761877187818791880 [9]
Total Fertility Rate in Portugal4.174.184.194.24.214.224.234.244.234.22
Years1881188218831884188518861887188818891890 [9]
Total Fertility Rate in Portugal4.914.194.184.174.164.154.384.34.384.24
Years189118921893189418951896189718981899 [9]
Total Fertility Rate in Portugal4.164.064.153.863.93.93.953.933.89

[10]

Vital statistics since 1900

[11] [12]
[13] [14] [15] 		Average population (December 31)Live birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Crude migration change (per 1000) Total fertility rates [fn 1] [9] [16] [17] [18]
19005,410,000165,245110,33054,91530.520.310.23.96
19015,460,000170,773114,13056,64331.320.910.4-1.24.07
19025,490,000176,029108,37867,65132.019.712.4-6.94.16
19035,560,000183,138111,68571,45333.020.112.9-0.14.29
19045,600,000176,726105,57271,15431.618.912.7-5.54.11
19055,660,000179,746112,75666,99031.820.011.8-1.14.13
19065,690,000182,920125,24357,67732.122.010.1-4.84.17
19075,730,000176,417113,25463,16330.719.711.0-4.03.99
19085,790,000175,268115,87659,39230.320.010.20.33.94
19095,850,000174,753112,42162,33229.919.210.8-0.33.89
19105,890,000186,953113,16173,79231.719.212.5-5.74.12
19115,960,000230,033130,90099,13338.622.016.6-4.75.02
19125,960,000207,870119,57888,29234.920.114.8-14.84.54
19135,970,000193,906123,05470,85232.520.611.9-10.24.22
19145,980,000188,479115,52672,95331.519.312.0-10.34.09
19155,990,000195,225122,51372,71232.620.512.0-10.34.24
19166,000,000192,780129,38963,39132.121.610.7-9.04.17
19176,000,000188,391134,08254,30931.422.39.1-9.14.08
19186,020,000178,687248,978-70,29129.741.4-11.614.93.86
19196,020,000166,162152,85613,30627.625.42.2-2.23.59
19206,040,000202,908142,86260,04633.623.79.9-6.64.37
19216,070,000197,022126,31670,70632.420.811.7-6.74.21
19226,170,000203,727125,74777,98033.120.412.63.94.3
19236,240,000207,172141,77565,39733.222.710.50.84.32
19246,310,000207,440126,05281,38832.820.012.8-1.64.26
19256,370,000208,434117,41391,02132.618.414.3-4.84.24
19266,470,000214,633127,95986,67433.519.813.42.34.36
19276,550,000199,399123,38276,01731.018.811.60.84.03
19286,620,000211,314124,08887,22631.918.713.2-2.54.15
19296,720,000200,874118,82482,05029.917.712.22.93.89
19306,804,000202,529116,35286,17729.717.112.7-0.23.86
19316,860,000204,120115,22588,89529.716.813.0-4.83.86
19326,968,000208,062118,89589,16729.917.112.82.93.89
19337,057,000204,315120,99683,31928.917.211.81.03.88
19347,147,000203,158118,53984,61928.416.611.81.03.74
19357,237,000203,943123,05180,89228.217.011.21.43.59
19367,326,000205,615119,00386,61228.116.211.80.53.45
19377,416,000198,217117,29180,92626.715.810.91.43.39
19387,506,000199,467115,33184,13626.615.411.20.93.34
19397,595,000198,888116,07582,81326.215.310.91.03.28
19407,696,000187,892120,48667,40624.415.78.84.53.22
19417,750,000184,336134,93749,39923.817.46.40.63.12
19427,810,000187,503126,53160,97224.016.17.8-0.13.14
19437,890,000198,101121,88776,21425.115.39.70.53.27
19447,960,000201,373119,27582,09825.314.810.3-1.43.28
19458,040,000209,131115,59693,53526.014.211.6-1.53.39
19468,100,000205,825120,80085,02525.414.910.5-3.03.29
19478,180,000200,488110,43790,05124.513.511.0-1.13.14
19488,262,000220,981107,576113,40526.713.013.7-3.73.42
19498,333,000212,260117,49994,76125.514.111.4-2.83.23
19508,405,000205,163102,798102,36524.412.212.2-3.63.1
19518,459,000207,870105,473102,39724.612.512.1-5.73.1
19528,496,000211,213100,486110,72724.911.813.0-8.63.1
19538,534,000202,13597,460104,67523.711.412.3-7.83.1
19548,570,000197,53695,088102,44823.011.112.0-7.83.1
19558,610,000209,79099,472110,31824.411.612.8-8.13.1
19568,647,000202,667106,91995,74823.412.411.1-6.83.11
19578,680,000211,494101,784109,71024.411.712.6-8.83.12
19588,725,000212,46791,891120,57624.410.513.8-8.63.13
19598,826,000213,06297,754115,30824.311.113.1-1.53.15
19608,865,000213,89595,009118,88623.910.613.38.93.16
19618,929,000217,51699,590117,92624.311.113.2-6.03.18
19628,994,000220,20096,864123,33624.410.713.7-6.43.18
19639,031,000212,15298,011114,14123.410.812.6-8.53.19
19649,034,000217,13696,878120,25823.810.613.2-12.93.19
19658,999,000210,29995,187115,11223.010.412.6-16.53.18
19668,931,000206,940100,088106,85222.711.012-19.63.16
19678,875,000202,06195,816106,24522.210.511.7-18.03.13
19688,837,000194,96294,661100,30121.410.411.0-15.33.09
19698,758,000189,739101,08888,65120.911.19.7-18.63.05
19708,663,252180,69092,85487,83620.910.710.1-20.92.99
19718,624,258181,24398,35582,88821.011.49.6-14.12.99
19728,636,603174,68590,02584,66020.210.49.8-8.42.85
19738,629,598172,32495,23977,08520.011.08.9-9.72.76
19748,879,127171,97996,83775,14219.410.98.520.22.69
19759,307,815179,64897,75081,89819.310.58.839.52.75
19769,403,809186,712101,84384,86919.910.89.01.32.81
19779,507,536181,06495,91785,14719.010.19.02.02.68
19789,608,959167,46796,04271,42517.410.07.43.32.45
19799,713,570160,31192,56667,74516.59.57.03.92.31
19809,818,980158,30994,79463,51516.19.76.54.42.25
19819,883,670152,07195,72856,34315.49.75.70.92.13
19829,939,871151,00292,37958,62315.29.35.9-0.22.08
19839,975,859144,29696,17948,11714.59.64.8-1.21.96
198410,016,605142,78396,97545,80814.39.74.6-0.51.91
198510,030,621130,45097,08533,36513.09.73.3-1.91.73
198610,034,846126,71595,52131,19412.69.53.1-2.71.67
198710,025,215123,17995,10228,07712.39.52.8-3.81.63
198810,014,005122,09397,84424,24912.29.82.4-3.51.62
19899,995,995118,48395,74322,74011.99.62.3-4.11.58
19909,970,441116,321102,76813,55311.710.31.4-4.01.57
19919,950,029116,299103,88212,41711.710.41.2-3.21.56
19929,954,958114,924100,63814,28611.510.11.4-0.91.54
19939,974,391113,960105,9508,01011.410.60.81.21.52
199410,008,659109,22799,2329,99510.99.91.02.41.45
199510,043,693107,097103,4753,62210.710.30.43.11.41
199610,084,196110,261106,8813,38010.910.60.33.71.45
199710,133,758112,933104,7788,15511.110.30.84.11.47
199810,186,634113,384106,1987,18611.110.40.74.51.48
199910,249,022116,002107,8718,13111.310.50.85.31.51
200010,330,774120,008105,36414,64411.610.21.46.61.55
200110,394,669112,774105,0927,68210.810.10.75.51.45
200210,444,592114,383106,2588,12511.010.20.84.01.47
200310,473,050112,515108,7953,72010.710.40.42.31.44
200410,494,672109,298102,0127,28610.49.70.71.41.41
200510,511,988109,399107,4641,93510.410.20.21.41.42
200610,532,588105,449101,9903,45910.09.70.31.71.38
200710,553,339102,492103,512-1,0209.79.8-0.12.11.35
200810,563,014104,594104,2803149.99.90.00.81.40
200910,573,47999,491104,434-4,9439.49.9-0.51.51.35
201010,572,721101,381105,954-4,5739.610.0-0.40.31.39
201110,558,95096,856102,848-5,9929.29.8-0.6-0.71.35
201210,503,88989,841107,612-17,7718.610.3-1.7-3.51.28
201310,444,09282,787106,554-23,7677.910.2-2.3-3.41.21
201410,395,12182,367104,843-22,4767.910.1-2.2-2.51.23
201510,368,55485,500108,539-23,0398.310.5-2.2-0.41.30
201610,344,47887,126110,573-23,4478.510.7-2.301.36
201710,335,77086,154109,758-23,6048.410.7-2.31.51.37
201810,333,49687,020113,051-26,0318.511.0-2.52.31.41
201910,375,39586,579111,843-25,2648.410.9-2.46.51.42
202010,394,29784,530123,396-38,8668.212.0-3.85.61.40
202110,421,11779,582124,841-45,2207.712.1-4.47.01.34
202210,467,36683,671124,311-40,6408.011.9-3.98.31.43
202385,688118,295-32,607

Current vital statistics

[19]

PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January - February 202313,43022,796-9,366
January - February 202413,22322,623-9,400
DifferenceDecrease2.svg -207 (-1.54%)Decrease Positive.svg-173 (-0.76%)Decrease2.svg -34

Structure of the population

Population by Sex and Age Group (Official Census 2021 estimate): [20]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total4 920 2205 422 84610 343 066100.00
0–4218 527207 185425 7124.07
5–9222 278210 889433 1674.14
10–14251 339240 793492 1324.70
15–19266 963255 595522 5584.99
20–24287 540273 647560 8875.36
25–29280 721268 129548 8505.24
30–34287 493284 268571 7615.46
35–39305 503314 418619 9215.92
40–44351 485375 132726 6176.94
45–49392 737423 651816 3887.80
50–54366 189400 157766 3467.32
55–59351 700397 580749 2807.16
60–64339 143386 682725 8256.93
65–69309 373359 065668 4386.39
70–74282 050335 766617 8165.90
75–79215 263278 986494 2494.72
80–84148 007211 012359 0193.43
85+125 800242 600368 4003.52
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14692 144658 8671 351 01112.91
15–643 272 8793 335 5546 608 43363.13
65+1 036 7881 386 8512 507 92223.96

Maps

Other demographic statistics

Population Census
YearPop.±% p.a.
1300 800,000—    
1422 1,043,274+0.22%
1527 1,262,376+0.18%
1636 1,100,000−0.13%
1736 2,143,368+0.67%
1770 2,850,444+0.84%
1776 3,352,310+2.74%
1801 2,931,930−0.53%
1811 2,876,602−0.19%
1838 3,200,000+0.40%
1849 3,411,454+0.58%
1864 4,188,419+1.38%
1878 4,550,699+0.59%
1890 5,049,729+0.87%
1900 5,423,132+0.72%
1911 5,969,056+0.88%
1920 6,032,991+0.12%
1930 6,825,883+1.24%
1940 7,722,152+1.24%
1950 8,510,240+0.98%
1960 8,851,240+0.39%
1970 8,648,369−0.23%
1981 9,833,041+1.17%
1991 9,862,540+0.03%
2001 10,356,117+0.49%
2011 10,562,178+0.20%
2021 10,343,066−0.21%
Source: INE 2021 [21] [22] [23] [24] [fn 2]
Historical population of Portugal Historical population of Portugal.svg
Historical population of Portugal

The following demographic statistics are from the World Population Review. [25]

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. [18]

Total population
10,467,366 (2022 official INE estimate) [26]
Age structure of the resident population
2022 official INE estimate: [27]
  • 0-14 years: 12.91% (male 692,144 /female 658,867)
  • 15-64 years: 63.13% (male 3,272,879 /female 3,335,554)
  • 65 years and over: 23.96% (male 1,036,788/female 1,386,851)
Median age
  • total: 46.8 years (2022 official Eurostat data) [28] [29]
  • male: 45.1 years
  • female: 48.3 years
Birth rate
8.00 births/1,000 population (2022 official INE estimate) [30]
Death rate
11.9 deaths/1,000 population (2022 official INE estimate) [31]
Total fertility rate
1.43 children born/woman (2022 official INE estimate) [32]
Net migration rate
8.30 net migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 official INE estimate) [33] [34]
Population growth rate
+ 0.44 % (2022 official INE estimate) [27]
Mother's mean age at first birth
30.8 years (2022 official INE estimate) [27]
Life expectancy at birth
Life expectancy in Portugal since 1940 Life expectancy in Portugal.svg
Life expectancy in Portugal since 1940
PeriodLife expectancy in
Years		PeriodLife expectancy in
Years
1950–195560.31985–1990Increase2.svg74.0
1955–1960Increase2.svg62.41990–1995Increase2.svg74.9
1960–1965Increase2.svg64.51995–2000Increase2.svg76.0
1965–1970Increase2.svg66.42000–2005Increase2.svg77.6
1970–1975Increase2.svg68.32005–2010Increase2.svg79.3
1975–1980Increase2.svg70.42010–2015Increase2.svg80.5
1980–1985Increase2.svg72.52015-2019Increase2.svg82.0

Source: UN World Population Prospects [35]

Infant mortality rate
2022 official INE estimate: [27]
  • total: 2.59 deaths/1,000 live births. Country comparison to the world: 216th
  • male: 2.75 deaths/1,000 live births
  • female: 2.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 official INE estimate) [36]
Infant mortality rate
Years [37] 1960196119621963196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975
Deaths/1,000 live births77.588.878.673.169.064.964.759.261.155.855.551.941.444.837.938.9
Years1976197719781979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991
Deaths/1,000 live births33.430.329.126.024.321.819.819.216.717.815.814.313.012.110.910.8
Years1992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007
Deaths/1,000 live births9.28.67.97.46.86.46.05.65.55.05.04.13.83.53.33.4
Years2008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023
Deaths/1,000 live births3.33.62.53.13.42.92.92.93.22.73.32.92.42.42.6
Life expectancy in Portugal since 1960 by gender Life expectancy by WBG -Portugal -diff.png
Life expectancy in Portugal since 1960 by gender
Dependency ratios
2022 official INE estimate: [27]
  • total dependency ratio: 58.4
  • youth dependency ratio: 20.44
  • elderly dependency ratio: 37.96
  • potential support ratio: 2.63 (2022 INE estimate)
Urbanization
urban population: 73.38% of total population (2020 official INE estimate [38] )
rate of urbanization: 0.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Sex ratio
2022 official INE estimate:
  • at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female [39]
  • under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female [40]
  • 15–64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
  • 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female
  • total population: 0.90 male(s)/female [41]

Employment and income

Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
total: 23.1%. Country comparison to the world: 66th
male: 20.6%
female: 26.2% (2021 est.)

Urban organization

Metropolitan areas and agglomerations

The 25 most and the 25 least populated municipalities of Portugal. The metropolitan areas of Lisbon, Porto and Minho are visible. MunicipiosMaisPopul.svg
The 25 most and the 25 least populated municipalities of Portugal. The metropolitan areas of Lisbon, Porto and Minho are visible.

As of 2022, Portugal had two significant agglomerations: the political metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto – Grande Área Metropolitana de Lisboa (2.9 million) and Grande Área Metropolitana do Porto (1.8 million). Together they hold 44.65% of the total population. [42]

ImageCityMetropolitan areaCore municipality
Lisboa - Expo98 - Vista Geral.jpg Lisbon 2,899,670548,703
Porto Ribeira.jpg Porto 1,774,104240,592

Largest urban areas

When considering the number of inhabitants in consistent single urban areas, de facto cities in mainland Portugal, per the new with increased density of human-created structures, and excluding suburban and rural areas, Portugal has two cities with about one million inhabitants each (Lisbon and Porto), ten others with more than 50,000 inhabitants and 14 cities with populations between 20,000 and 40,000 inhabitants. [43]

Largest cities

Portugal has 151 localities with national city status (cidade). Every city is included into a municipality ( município ). This is a list of population by city, which means that it refers to the number of inhabitants in the city proper, excluding inhabitants from the same municipality but living outside the urban area of the city in other civil parishes ( freguesias ) of the municipality. In some cases (e.g. Lisbon), the entire municipality and the city proper cover the same territory. [44] [45]

Lisbon aqueduct Aqueduto das Aguas Livres 2.jpg
Lisbon aqueduct
Capela das Almas, in Porto Capela das Almas (Porto) 18.jpg
Capela das Almas, in Porto
Vila Nova de Gaia view Vila nova de Gaia (26338340332).jpg
Vila Nova de Gaia view
UBBO shopping centre in Amadora Shopping Center Dolce Vita Tejo - Amadora (Portugal) (3517775477).jpg
UBBO shopping centre in Amadora
Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte in Braga Treppenaufgang Bom Jesus do Monte.jpg
Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte in Braga
Bamboo garden in Coimbra Bamboo - Jardim Botanico da Universidade de Coimbra - Coimbra, Portugal - DSC08953.jpg
Bamboo garden in Coimbra
RankCity namePopulationMetropolitan areaSubregion
1 Lisbon 548,703 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Grande Lisboa
2 Porto 240,592 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto Grande Porto
3 Vila Nova de Gaia 188,421 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto Grande Porto
4 Amadora 174,511 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Grande Lisboa
5 Braga 146,543 Greater Metropolitan Area of Minho Cávado
6 Coimbra 106,655 Greater Metropolitan Area of Coimbra Baixo Mondego
7 Funchal 106,429 Madeira
8 Setúbal 98,470 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Península de Setúbal
9 Almada 85,851 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Península de Setúbal
10 Agualva-Cacém 81,006 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Grande Lisboa
11 Queluz 73,047 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Grande Lisboa
12 Rio Tinto 65,469 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto Grande Porto
13 Barreiro 62,860 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Península de Setúbal
14 Aveiro 62,130 Baixo Vouga
15 Viseu 60,570 Dão-Lafões
16 Odivelas 58,170 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Grande Lisboa
17 Guimarães 54,750 Ave
18 Leiria 54,540 Pinhal Litoral
19 Faro 49,360 Algarve
20 Matosinhos 49,034 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto Grande Porto
21 Loures 46,246 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Grande Lisboa
22 Portimão 43,810 Algarve
23 Póvoa de Varzim 41,206 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto Grande Porto
24 Amora 41,140 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Península de Setúbal
25 Maia 40,534 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto Grande Porto
26 Évora 40,373 Alentejo Central
27 Montijo 40,130 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Península de Setúbal
28 Ponta Delgada 40,050 Açores
29 Santa Maria da Feira 39,576 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto Entre Douro e Vouga
30 Ermesinde 38,570 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto Grande Porto

Largest municipalities by population

The following table lists the largest Portuguese municipalities by population as of 2022. The land area is expressed in km2 and only municipalities with populations of over 100,000 inhabitants are listed. [2]

The 25 listed municipalities account for 45.05% of the country's population and for only 5.06% of its total land area. [46]

Population density of Portugal, per km : .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} 0-49 50-99 100-299 300-599 600+ Population density of Portugal.PNG
Population density of Portugal, per km :
  0–49
  50–99
  100–299
  300–599
  600+
View of residential building in Amadora, one of the most densely populated municipalities in Portugal and more densely populated than Hong Kong Alfragidetorre.jpg
View of residential building in Amadora, one of the most densely populated municipalities in Portugal and more densely populated than Hong Kong
RankMunicipalityPopulationLand AreaDensityMetropolitan area
1 Lisbon 548,703100.055,484 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
2 Sintra 388,767319.231,218 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
3 Vila Nova de Gaia 307,563168.461,826 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
4 Porto 240,59241.425,809 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
5 Cascais 213,92897.42,196 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
6 Loures 203,724167.241,218 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
7 Braga 197,594183.41,077
8 Almada 178,25470.012,546 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
9 Matosinhos 176,61762.422,829 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
10 Amadora 174,51123.787,339 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
11 Oeiras 172,74245.883,765 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
12 Seixal 169,79795.451,779 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
13 Gondomar 166,900131.921,265 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
14 Guimarães 156,277241648
15 Odivelas 150,36626.545,666 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
16 Coimbra 142,252319.4445
17 Maia 140,04182.941,688 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
18 Santa Maria da Feira 138,344215.88641 Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto
19 Vila Franca de Xira 137,994318.19434 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
20 Vila Nova de Famalicão 134,883201.59669
21 Leiria 130,605565.09231
22 Setúbal 122,547230.33532 Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
23 Barcelos 116,493378.9307
24 Funchal 106,42976.221,396
25 Viseu 100,105507.1197

People

Nationality

noun: Portuguese (singular and plural)
adjective: Portuguese

Immigration

Portuguese and foreign born population pyramid in 2021 Portuguese and foreign born population pyramid in 2021.svg
Portuguese and foreign born population pyramid in 2021

In 1992, 1.3% of the population was foreign, by 2022 the number had grown to almost 7,47% or 781,915 people. [47]

Since the independence of the former African colonies, Portugal saw a steady immigration from Africa, most notably Cape Verde, Angola and Guinea-Bissau, but also São Tomé and Príncipe, Mozambique and former Portuguese India in Asia.

Portugal saw migration waves due to labor shortages since 1999, first from Eastern Europe (1999–2002), in two distinctive groups, a Slav (Ukraine, Russia and Bulgaria) and an East Latin (Romania and Moldova), that stopped and started declining as the labour market became saturated.

Since 2003, most of the immigrants came from Brazil, China and the Indian subcontinent. Family reunification was seen as important for a successful integration in the country, thus the government eased it, and in 2006, more than 6 in 10 new immigrants were family members of legal foreign residents in the country. [48]

There is also a significant number of elderly Western European residents in search of quality of life, namely from the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium.

More recently, there is significant migration from the former Portuguese colony of Brazil, as since 2017 more than 30,000 Brazilians immigrate to Portugal annually.

Below is a summary table of the main foreign nationalities present in Portugal according to the latest SEFSTAT data. [47] As of December 31, 2022, there were 781,247 legally resident people in Portugal with foreign citizenship (about 7.47% of the population). These include both citizens born in Portugal with foreign citizenship and foreign immigrants. Descendants of immigrants are excluded (Portugal, like many European countries, does not collect data on ethnicity) and those who, regardless of place of birth or citizenship at birth, were Portuguese citizens (see also Portuguese nationality law ). Among the latter are also naturalized citizens whose data are reported in the next table.

Largest groups of foreign residents as of 01.01.2023
NationalityPopulation [47]
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 239,744
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 45,218
Flag of Cape Verde.svg  Cape Verde 36,748
Flag of India.svg  India 35,416
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 34,039
Flag of Angola.svg  Angola 31,761
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of France.svg  France 27,512
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 25,445
Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal 23,839
Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg  Guinea-Bissau 23,737
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 23,393
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 22,000
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 20,500
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 19,508
Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh 16,468
Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg  São Tomé and Príncipe 13,077
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 12,066
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 10,828
Other countries (below 10,000)120,250
Foreign-born naturalised citizens in Portugal by 2020. Immigrants in Portugal 2020.png
Foreign-born naturalised citizens in Portugal by 2020.

Below is a summary table of Portuguese citizenship acquisitions by foreigners residing in the country recorded between 2008 and 2022 for countries having recorded at least 1,000 naturalizations during the given timespan. During this period, 342,458 people (3.27% of the current Portuguese population) obtained Portuguese citizenship according to the latest Eurostat data. These people are not counted among foreigners (see above table) as they are Portuguese citizens in all respects. [49]

NationalityAcquisitions of Citizenship
(2008–2022) [50] [51]
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 89,713
Flag of Cape Verde.svg  Cape Verde 55,109
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 32,722
Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg  Guinea-Bissau 27,043
Flag of Angola.svg  Angola 25,805
Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova 19,212
Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg  São Tomé and Príncipe 14,990
Flag of India.svg  India 12,202
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 6,922
Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal 6,473
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 5,540
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 5,288
Other countries (below 5,000)41,439

Ethnic minorities and persons with disabilities

Portugal does not collect ethnicity or racial data of its population. [52]

Anti-racism laws prohibit and penalize racial discrimination in housing, business, and health services.

Discrimination against persons with disabilities in employment, education, access to health care, or the provision of other state services is illegal. The law mandates access to public buildings and to newly built private buildings for such persons.

Languages

Portuguese newspapers in Soure Jornais em Soure 3.JPG
Portuguese newspapers in Soure

The main language spoken as first language by the overwhelming majority of the population is Portuguese. [53] Other autochthonous languages spoken include:

Religion

Religion in Portugal (Census 2021) [63]

   Roman Catholicism (80.20%)
   Protestantism (2.13%)
   Jehovah's Witnesses (0.72%)
   Eastern Orthodoxy (0.69%)
  Other Christian (1.04%)
   Islam (0.42%)
   Hinduism (0.22%)
   Buddhism (0.19%)
   Judaism (0.03%)
  Other religion (0.28%)
   No religion (14.09%)
Russian Orthodox church in Portugal Fatima Russian church.jpg
Russian Orthodox church in Portugal

The great majority of the Portuguese population belongs to the Roman Catholic Church. Religious observance remains strong in northern areas, while the population of Lisbon and southern areas generally less devout.

Religious minorities include a little over 400,000 Protestants and Mormons [64] [65] [66] (3.84% of the total population).

There are also about 100,000 Muslims [67] (1%) and 45,000 Hindus [68] [69] [70] (0.43%), most of whom came from Goa, a former Portuguese colony on the west coast of India (Some Muslims also came from former two Portuguese African colonies with important Muslim minorities: Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique).

There are also about 1,500 Jews, [71] 2,000 Baha'i [72] and 35,000 Sikh [68] (0.34%)

Portugal is also home to about 17,000 Buddhists, [73] mostly Chinese from Macau and a few Indians from Goa.

Portugal is still one of the most religious countries in Europe, most Portuguese believe with certainty in the Existence of God and religion plays an important role in the life of most Portuguese. [74] [75] According to the Pew Research Center, 40% of Portuguese Catholics pray daily. [76]

Religious map of Portuguese municipalities

Religion by municipality according with the 2021 Census.

Catholics by municipality - Census 2021.png
Percentage of Catholics by municipality.
Other christians - Census 2021.png
Percentage of Other Christians by municipality.
Non-Christian religions.png
Percentage of Other religions (Non-Christians) by municipality.
No-religion.png
Percentage of non religious by municipality.

Education

Carolina Michaelis highschool in Cedofeita Cedofeita-Escola Secundaria Carolina Michaelis (6).jpg
Carolina Michaelis highschool in Cedofeita

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2021 official INE estimate) [77]

total population: 96.92%
male: 97.90%
female: 96.04% (2021 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 17 years
male: 17 years
female: 17 years (2020)

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases.
  2. ↑ 1422, 1527 and 1636 only adult male population.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beato, Lisbon</span> Civil parish in Lisbon, Portugal

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carnide</span> Civil parish in Lisbon, Portugal

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marvila, Lisbon</span> Civil parish in Lisbon, Portugal

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Clara, Lisbon</span> Civil parish in Lisbon, Portugal

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Areeiro, Lisbon</span> Civil parish in Lisbon, Portugal

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Covelas (Póvoa de Lanhoso)</span> Civil parish in Norte, Portugal

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vilela (Póvoa de Lanhoso)</span> Civil parish in Norte, Portugal

Vilela is a Portuguese Freguesia in the Municipality of Póvoa de Lanhoso, with an area of 4.18 km2 and 615 inhabitants (2011). The Freguesia has a population density of 147.1 people per km2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferreiros (Póvoa de Lanhoso)</span> Civil parish in Norte, Portugal

Ferreiros is a Portuguesae Freguesia in the Municipality of Póvoa de Lanhoso, with and area of 4.88 km² and 416 inhabitants as of 2011. The population density is 85.2 people per km².

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monsul</span> Civil parish in Norte, Portugal

Monsul is a Portuguese Freguesia in the municipality of Póvoa de Lanhoso, it has an area of 3.39 km2 (1.31 sq mi) and 773 inhabitants (2011). Its population density is 228/km2 (590/sq mi).

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