Demographics of Hungary

Last updated

Demographics of Hungary
Hungary single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population Pyramid 2020
PopulationDecrease2.svg 9,597,085 (1st January 2023)
Growth rate−4.9 births/1,000 population (2020)
Birth rate9.5 births/1,000 population (2020)
Death rate14.3 deaths/1,000 population (2020)
Life expectancy76.16 years (2019)
  male72.86 years (2019)
  female79.33 years (2019)
Fertility rate1.52 children born/woman (2022) [1]
Infant mortality rate3.4 / 1000 live births (2020)
Age structure
0–14 years14.8%
15–64 years67.7%
65 and over17.5%
Sex ratio
At birth1.06 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Under 151.06 male(s)/female
15–64 years0.96 male(s)/female
65 and over0.59 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationalitynoun: Hungarian(s) adjective: Hungarian
Major ethnic Hungarians
Language
Spoken Hungarian

Demographic features of the population of Hungary include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.

Contents

Population

Population density in Hungary by district. Population density in Hungary.png
Population density in Hungary by district.
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1784 [2] 2,681,595    
1870 5,011,310+0.73%
1880 5,329,191+0.62%
1890 6,009,351+1.21%
1900 6,854,415+1.32%
1910 7,612,114+1.05%
1920 7,986,875+0.48%
1930 8,685,109+0.84%
1941 9,316,074+0.64%
1949 9,204,799−0.15%
1960 9,961,044+0.72%
1970 10,300,996+0.34%
1980 10,709,463+0.39%
1990 10,374,823−0.32%
2001 10,200,298−0.15%
2011 9,937,628−0.26%
2022 9,603,634−0.31%
Note: Only present territory of Hungary [3]

Hungary's population has been slowly declining since 1980. The population composition at the foundation of Hungary (895) depends on the size of the arriving Hungarian population and the size of the Slavic (and remains of Avar-Slavic) population at the time. One source mentions 200 000 Slavs and 400 000 Hungarians, [4] while other sources often don't give estimates for both, making comparison more difficult. The size of the Hungarian population around 895 is often estimated between 120 000 and 600 000, [5] with a number of estimates in the 400-600 000 range. [4] [6] [7] Other sources only mention a fighting force of 25 000 Magyar warriors used in the attack, [8] [9] while declining to estimate the total population including women and children and warriors not participating in the invasion. In the historical demographics the largest earlier shock was the Mongol Invasion of Hungary, several plagues also took a toll on the country's population.

According to demographers, about 80 percent of the population was made up of Hungarians before the Battle of Mohács, however the Hungarian ethnic group became a minority in its own country in the 18th century due to centuries long Ottoman and Habsburg wars, the resettlement policies and continuous immigration from neighboring countries. Major territorial changes made Hungary ethnically homogeneous after World War I. Nowadays, more than nine-tenths of the population is ethnically Hungarian and speaks Hungarian as the mother tongue. [10]

1400-2023 Historical population development on the territory of present-day Hungary Historical population of Hungary.svg
1400-2023 Historical population development on the territory of present-day Hungary

Population over time

Population of Hungary over time with estimated percentages of ethnic Hungarians within Hungary
DateEstimated PopulationEstimated Percentages of Hungarian people, with and without Inclusion of the Kingdom of Croatia Notes
c. 900 AD
  • 250,000-350,000 [11]
  • 500,000-600,000 [11]
  • 600,000 [4]
  • 1,000,000-1,500,000 [12]
66% [4] [7] Size of the country was about 330 thousand square km, [12] with a density of 3-4.5 [12] or 0.56-1.06 [11] persons per square km
10001,000,000-1,500,000 [13]
1060500,000-550,000 [11] A density of 1.51-1.67 persons per square km. [11]
11002,000,000 [12]
11812,600,000 [12]
12001,000,000-1,100,000 [11] A density of 3.03-3.33 persons per square km (330 thousand square km). [11]
12222,000,000 [14] 70–80% [15] The time of the Golden Bull. The last estimate before the Tatar invasion.
1242
  • 1,020,000-1,220,000 [11]
  • 1,200,000 [15]
Population decreased after the Mongol invasion of Hungary (estimates of population loss range from 20% to 50%). [16]
1300
1348Before the plague (at the time of the Angevin kings).
1370c. 2,000,00060–70% [15] (including Croatia)
1400
  • 3,000,000-3,500,000 [21]
  • 3,000,000 [18]
1490Before the Ottoman conquest (about 3.2 million Hungarians).
1600
  • 4,000,000-4,500,000 [38]
  • 3,500,000 [39]
Populations of Royal Hungary, Transylvania, and Ottoman Hungary combined.
1699At the time of Treaty of Karlowitz (not more than 2 million Hungarians).
1711At the end of the Kuruc War, starting date of the organized resettlement.
1720
1785-878,000,0005% urban subjects. [49]
1790End of the organized resettlement (around 800 new German villages had been established between 1711 and 1780). [54]
182811,495,536
1830
  • 37% (44 percent in central Hungary) [55]
1837
184612,033,399
  • 40–45%
  • 41.6% [57]
  • 36.5-40% (with Kingdom of Croatia) [57]
Two years before the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.
185011,600,000
185713,830,87044.5% [11]
186913,508,00045.2% [59]
188013,749,60346%
190016,838,25551.4% [60]
191018,264,533
  • 54.4% [60]
  • 48.1% (with Kingdom of Croatia) [61]
5% Jews (estimated according to their religion).

Note: The data refer to the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary, and not that of the present-day republic.

Demographics of Kingdom of Hungary, (1910 Census)

Population of Hungary (1910-2009, with comments) Hungary 1910-2009.png
Population of Hungary (1910–2009, with comments)
Land Mother tongues (1910 census)
Kingdom of Hungary Hungarian (54.4%), Romanian (16.1%), Slovak (10.7%), German (10.4%), Ruthenian (2.5%), Serbian (2.5%), Croatian (1.8%)
Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia Croatian (62.5%), Serbian (24.6%), German (5.0%), Hungarian (4.1%)
Spoken languages in Transleithania (Hungary) (1910 census) [62]
Land Hungarian Romanian German Slovak Croatian Serbian Ruthenian OtherTotal
Danube Right Bank72% (2,221,295)0% (833)18% (555,694)0.6% (17,188)5.5% (168,436)0.5% (15,170)0% (232)3.4% (105,556)14.8% (3,084,404)
Danube Left Bank32.7% (711,654)0% (704)6.6% (144,395)58.8% (1,279,574)0.1% (2,294)0% (200)0% (393)1.7% (36,710)10.4% (2,175,924)
Danube-Tisza81.2% (3,061,066)0.1% (4,813)9.5% (357,822)2.1% (79,354)0.1% (4,866)4.1% (154,298)0.3% (11,121)4.1% (96,318)18% (3,769,658)
Tisza Right Bank53.5% (945,990)0.1% (1,910)5.6% (98,564)25% (441,776)0% (486)0% (247)14.3% (253,062)1.6% (27,646)8.5% (1,769,681)
Tisza Left Bank61.8% (1,603,924)24% (621,918)3.2% (83,229)3.1% (81,154)0% (327)0% (321)7.5% (194,504)0.3% (8,547)12.4% (2,594,924)
Tisza-Maros 22.2% (474,988)39.5% (845,850)19.9% (427,253)2.1% (44,715)0.2% (4,950)13.6% (290,434)0.1% (3,188)2.4% (50,391)10.3% (2,141,769)
Transylvania 34.3% (918,217)55% (1,472,021)8.7% (234,085)0.1% (2,404)0% (523)0% (421)0.1% (1,759)1.8% (48,937)12.8% (2,678,367)
Fiume 13% (6,493)0.3% (137)4.6% (2,315)0.4% (192)26% (12,926)0.9% (425)0% (11)54.8 (27,307, mostly Italian)0.2% (49,806)
Croatia-Slavonia 4% (105,948)0% (846)5.1% (134,078)0.8% (21,613)62.5% (1,638,354)24.6% (644,955)0.3% (8,317)2.6% (67,843)12.6% (2,621,954)
Total48.1% (10,050,575)14.1% (2,949,032)9.8% (2,037,435)9.4% (1,967,970)8.8% (1,833,162)5.3% (1,106,471)2.3% (472,587)2.2% (469,255)100% (20,886,487)

[77] [78] [79]

Fertility

Hungary fertility rate by county (2021)
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1.7 - 1.9
1.5 - 1.7
1.4 - 1.5
1.3 - 1.4
< 1.3 Hungary total fertility rate by region 2021.png
Hungary fertility rate by county (2021)
  1.7 - 1.9
  1.5 - 1.7
  1.4 - 1.5
  1.3 - 1.4
  < 1.3

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period in the present-day Hungary. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation. [80]

Years18501851185218531854185518561857185818591860 [80]
Total Fertility Rate in Hungary5.185.155.125.095.065.0354.974.944.914.88
Years1861186218631864186518661867186818691870 [80]
Total Fertility Rate in Hungary4.855.115.415.035.115.024.645.095.125.14
Years1871187218731874187518761877187818791880 [80]
Total Fertility Rate in Hungary5.234.965.185.235.555.615.295.235.585.23
Years1881188218831884188518861887188818891890 [80]
Total Fertility Rate in Hungary5.285.45.55.595.485.575.415.365.354.93
Years1891189218931894189518961897189818991900 [80]
Total Fertility Rate in Hungary5.24.965.255.085.485.114.974.954.624.79
Year Total Fertility Rate
19015.32
19104.86
19213.80
19302.84
19412.48
19492.54
19552.81
19602.02
19651.82
19701.98
19752.34
19801.91
Year Total Fertility Rate
19851.85
19901.86
19951.57
20001.32
20051.30
20101.25
20151.44
20191.49
20201.56
20211.59
20221.52
20231.51

[81]

Total Fertility Rate by county

County1980199020012011
Baranya 1.701.651.521.47
Bács-Kiskun 1.811.731.591.56
Békés 1.821.751.621.57
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén 1.881.831.721.66
Csongrád 1.591.551.441.41
Fejér 1.851.791.621.56
Győr-Moson-Sopron 1.811.731.561.49
Hajdú-Bihar 1.921.821.651.56
Heves 1.791.691.571.53
Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok 1.901.801.671.62
Komárom-Esztergom 1.801.731.581.53
Nógrád 1.841.761.641.60
Pest 1.761.691.541.48
Somogy 1.741.681.581.53
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg 2.212.051.851.75
Tolna 1.831.761.651.60
Vas 1.821.721.581.51
Veszprém 1.881.791.641.58
Zala 1.781.731.561.52
Budapest 1.251.271.171.13
All1.711.651.531.47

Source: 2011 census [82]

Life expectancy

Life expectancy in Hungary since 1900 Life expectancy in Hungary.svg
Life expectancy in Hungary since 1900
Life expectancy in Hungary since 1960 by gender Life expectancy by WBG -Hungary -diff.png
Life expectancy in Hungary since 1960 by gender
PeriodLife expectancy in
Years [83]
1950–195564.01
1955–1960Increase2.svg 66.91
1960–1965Increase2.svg 68.79
1965–1970Increase2.svg 69.45
1970–1975Decrease2.svg 69.41
1975–1980Increase2.svg 69.59
1980–1985Decrease2.svg 69.08
1985–1990Increase2.svg 69.42
1990–1995Decrease2.svg 69.41
1995–2000Increase2.svg 70.88
2000–2005Increase2.svg 72.54
2005–2010Increase2.svg 73.74
2010–2015Increase2.svg 75.26
2015–2020Increase2.svg 76.65

Infant mortality rate

The infant mortality rate (IMR) decreased considerably after WW II. In 1949, the IMR was 91.0. The rate decreased to 47.6 in 1960, 35.9 in 1970, 23.2 in 1980, 14.8 in 1990, 9.2 in 2000 and reached an all-time low in 2018: 3.4 per 1000 live born children. [84]

Vital statistics

[85] [86] [87] [88] [89]

Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office [90]

Average population (January 1)Live birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Crude migration change (per 1000) Total fertility rates [fn 1] [80] [91]
19006,854,000268,019177,36390,65639.427.012.45.28
1901260,439166,66293,77737.625.012.65.22
1902270,385179,26091,12538.626.911.75.16
1903258,209179,51878,69136.526.110.45.10
1904260,446172,70487,74237.024.812.25.04
1905252,501203,51648,98535.527.87.74.98
1906258,296176,93881,35836.124.911.24.91
1907261,231180,21681,01536.225.610.64.85
1908268,637177,87290,76536.725.011.74.79
1909271,177184,44586,73237.125.411.74.73
19107,612,000265,457168,87596,58235.423.412.04.67
1911261,375184,00977,36634.824.810.04.59
1912270,804172,14898,65636.023.013.04.50
1913264,418174,24190,17734.323.211.14.42
1914270,690176,57494,11634.523.411.14.34
1915187,734189,418-1,68423.725.3-1.64.26
1916135,443159,810-24,36716.820.9-4.14.17
1917130,817163,507-32,69016.020.7-4.74.09
1918127,894207,395-79,50115.325.7-10.44.01
19197,860,000217,431157,39260,03927.620.07.68.63.93
19207,987,000249,458169,71779,74131.421.410.0-5.93.84
19218,020,000255,453170,05985,39431.821.210.6-3.13.81
19228,080,000249,279173,35175,92830.821.49.41.73.60
19238,170,000238,971159,28779,68429.219.59.8-3.73.39
19248,220,000221,462167,66853,79426.920.46.53.23.18
19258,300,000235,480142,15093,33028.317.111.2-2.83.36
19268,370,000229,484139,90589,57927.416.710.73.63.24
19278,490,000218,548150,67567,87325.817.88.0-5.63.05
19288,510,000224,693146,49678,19726.417.29.2-1.03.08
19298,580,000215,463152,84762,97625.117.87.34.92.92
19308,685,000219,784134,34185,44325.415.59.9-4.72.84
19318,730,000206,925144,96861,95723.716.67.1-1.02.84
19328,783,000205,529157,10648,42323.417.95.51.62.78
19338,845,000193,911129,91363,99821.914.77.20.72.72
19348,915,000194,279129,04965,23021.814.57.302.57
19358,980,000189,479136,92352,55621.115.25.90.82.55
19369,040,000183,369128,33355,03620.314.26.10.52.48
19379,100,000182,449128,04954,40020.014.16.00.52.42
19389,159,000182,206130,62851,57819.914.35.60.82.46
19399,217,000178,633124,59154,04219.413.55.90.92.50
19409,280,000185,562132,73552,82720.014.35.7-1.82.48
19419,316,000177,047123,34953,69819.013.25.72.52.52
19429,392,000187,187136,84450,34319.914.65.4-0.32.55
19439,440,000173,295127,15846,13718.413.54.9-25.02.55
19449,250,000190,000144,04845,95220.515.65.0-26.12.61
19459,055,000169,091211,323-42,23218.723.3-4.73.32.64
19469,042,000169,120135,48633,63418.715.03.71.92.67
19479,093,000187,316117,53769,77920.612.97.7-0.62.70
19489,158,000191,907105,78086,12721.011.69.4-4.32.73
19499,205,000 [92] 190,398105,71884,68020.611.49.20.42.76
19509,293,000195,567106,90288,66520.911.49.50.22.77
19519,383,000190,645109,99880,64720.211.78.6-0.12.76
19529,463,000185,820107,44378,37719.611.38.20.52.72
19539,545,000206,926112,03994,88721.611.79.90.62.67
19549,645,000223,347106,670116,67723.011.012.00.62.61
19559,767,000210,43097,848112,58221.410.011.50.42.53
19569,883,000192,810104,23688,57419.510.58.9-14.42.44
19579,829,000167,202103,64563,55717.010.56.5-4.42.34
19589,850,000158,42897,86660,56216.09.96.10.32.23
19599,913,000151,194103,88047,31415.210.54.802.12
19609,961,000146,461101,52544,93614.710.24.50.12.02
196110,007,000140,36596,41043,95514.09.64.40.11.94
196210,052,000130,053108,27321,78012.910.82.201.79
196310,074,000132,33599,87132,46413.19.93.20.21.82
196410,108,000132,141100,83031,31113.110.03.10.11.81
196510,140,000133,009108,11924,89013.110.72.50.11.82
196610,166,000138,489101,94336,54613.610.03.601.89
196710,203,000148,886109,53039,35614.610.73.90.12.01
196810,244,000154,419115,35439,06515.111.23.80.12.06
196910,284,000154,318116,65937,65915.011.33.702.03
197010,322,000151,819120,19731,62214.711.63.1-0.21.98
197110,352,000150,640123,00927,63114.511.92.7-0.21.93
197210,378,000153,265118,99134,27414.711.43.3-0.21.92
197310,410,000156,224123,36632,85815.011.83.101.93
197410,442,000186,288125,81660,47217.812.05.8-0.12.27
197510,501,000194,240131,10263,13818.412.46.0-0.12.34
197610,563,000185,405132,24053,16517.512.55.0-0.12.23
197710,615,000177,574132,03145,54316.712.44.3-0.12.15
197810,660,000168,160140,12128,03915.713.12.6-0.12.06
197910,687,000160,364136,82923,53515.012.82.2-0.12.00
198010,709,000148,673145,3553,31813.913.60.3-0.71.91
198110,705,000142,890144,757-1,86713.313.5-0.2-0.71.87
198210,695,000133,559144,318-10,75912.513.5-1.0-1.21.79
198310,671,000127,258148,643-21,38511.913.9-2.0-0.91.74
198410,640,000125,359146,709-21,35011.813.8-2.0-1.91.75
198510,599,000130,200147,614-17,41412.213.9-1.6-2.11.85
198610,560,000128,204147,089-18,88512.113.8-1.8-3.01.84
198710,509,000125,840142,601-16,76111.913.4-1.6-2.71.82
198810,464,000124,296140,042-15,74611.713.2-1.5-2.61.81
198910,421,000123,304144,695-21,39111.813.8-2.0-2.41.80
199010,375,000125,679145,660-19,98112.114.0-1.91.71.87
199110,373,400127,207144,813-17,60612.314.0-1.71.81.88
199210,374,000121,724148,781-27,05711.714.3-2.61.71.78
199310,365,000117,033150,244-33,21111.314.5-3.21.81.69
199410,350,000115,598146,889-31,29111.214.2-3.01.71.64
199510,337,000112,054145,431-33,37710.814.1-3.21.71.57
199610,321,000105,272143,130-37,85810.213.9-3.71.81.46
199710,301,000100,350139,434-39,0849.813.5-3.81.81.38
199810,280,00097,301140,870-43,5699.513.7-4.21.61.32
199910,253,00094,645143,210-48,5659.214.0-4.71.71.28
200010,222,00097,597135,601-38,0049.613.3-3.71.51.32
200110,200,00097,047132,183-35,1369.513.0-3.40.91.31
200210,175,00096,804132,833-36,0299.513.1-3.50.31.30
200310,142,00094,647135,823-41,1769.313.4-4.11.61.27
200410,117,00095,137132,492-37,3559.413.1-3.71.81.27
200510,098,00097,496135,732-38,2369.713.5-3.81.71.30
200610,077,00099,871131,603-31,7329.913.1-3.22.11.34
200710,066,00097,613132,938-35,3259.713.2-3.51.41.31
200810,045,00099,149130,027-30,8789.913.0-3.11.71.35
200910,031,00096,442130,414-33,9729.613.0-3.41.71.32
201010,014,00090,335130,456-40,1219.013.0-4.01.21.25
20119,986,00088,049128,795-40,7468.812.9-4.1-1.31.23
20129,932,00090,269129,440-39,1719.113.0-3.91.61.34
20139,909,00088,689126,778-38,0899.012.8-3.90.71.34
20149,877,00091,510126,308-34,7989.312.8-3.51.41.41
20159,856,00091,690131,697-40,0079.313.4-4.11.51.44
20169,830,00093,063127,053-33,9909.512.9-3.50.21.49
20179,798,00091,577131,674-40,0979.413.5-4.12.11.49
20189,778,00089,807131,045-41,2389.213.4-4.23.71.49
20199,773,00089,193129,603-40,4109.113.3-4.13.81.49
20209,770,00092,338141,002-48,6649.514.5-5.01.01.56
20219,731,00093,039155,621-62,5829.616.0-6.42.11.59
20229,689,00088,491136,446-47,9559.114.1-5.0-4.51.52
20239,599,00085,225128,176-42,9518.913.3-4.4-1.81.51
20249,585,000

Current vital statistics

[93] [94]

PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January–August 202357,48084,566−27,086
January–August 202451,46383,400−31,937
DifferenceDecrease2.svg −6,017 (−10.5%)Decrease Positive.svg −1,166 (−1.4%)Decrease2.svg −4,851

Structure of the population

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.01.2021) (Data refer to usual resident population.): [95]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total4 663 7945 066 9789 730 772100
0–4241 553228 350469 9034.83
5–9235 461222 548458 0094.71
10–14250 542238 779489 3215.03
15–19250 935236 815487 7505.01
20–24269 584252 965522 5495.37
25–29321 164300 576621 7406.39
30–34321 542300 563622 1056.39
35–39322 953310 447633 4006.51
40–44404 753394 017798 7708.21
45–49396 980389 352786 3328.08
50–54340 428344 513684 9417.04
55–59271 871294 030565 9015.82
60–64279 106334 279613 3856.30
65–69283 306374 078657 3846.76
70–74203 869299 041502 9105.17
75–79137 540234 575372 1153.82
80–8477 655166 734244 3892.51
85–8937 55994 389131 9481.36
90–9412 93838 09351 0310.52
95–993 09610 43013 5260.14
100–1047251 9582 6830.03
105–1092014146150.01
110+333265<0.01
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14727 556689 6771 417 23314.56
15–643 179 3163 157 5576 336 87365.12
65+756 9221 219 7441 976 66620.31

Vital statistics by county

There are large variations in the birth rates as of 2016: Zala County has the lowest birth rate with 7.5 births per thousand inhabitants, while Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County has the highest birth rate with 11.2 births per thousand inhabitants.

The death rates also differ greatly from as low as 11.3 deaths per thousand inhabitants in Pest County to as high as 15.7 deaths per thousand inhabitants in Békés County.

Vital statistics as of 2016 [96]
County Birth rate (‰)Death rate (‰)Natural increase
Baranya 8.013.6-5.6
Bács-Kiskun 9.313.6-4.3
Békés 8.215.7-7.5
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén 11.014.2-3.2
Budapest 9.212.0-2.9
Csongrád 8.412.9-4.5
Fejér 9.412.5-3.1
Győr-Moson-Sopron 8.911.4-2.4
Hajdú-Bihar 10.311.6-1.3
Heves 9.414.5-5.1
Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok 9.914.8-4.8
Komárom-Esztergom 9.713.4-3.7
Nógrád 9.115.1-6.0
Pest 9.811.3-1.5
Somogy 8.814.3-5.5
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg 11.212.2-0.9
Tolna 9.013.7-4.7
Vas 8.313.5-5.2
Veszprém 8.713.5-4.8
Zala 7.914.0-6.1

Ethnic groups and language

CountyHungarianBulgarianRomaniGreekCroatPolishGermanArmenianRomanianRusynSerbianSlovakSlovenianUkrainian
All93.5%0.1%3.2%0.0%0.3%0.1%1.9%0.00.4%0.0%0.1%0.4%0.0%0.1%
Budapest 95.5%0.1%1.2%0.1%0.1%0.2%1.7%0.1%0.5%0.0%0.1%0.2%0.0%0.1%
Bács-Kiskun 93.7%0.0%2.2%0.0%0.7%0.0%2.4%0.0%0.3%0.0%0.2%0.4%0.0%0.0%
Baranya 86.3%0.1%4.6%0.0%1.9%0.1%6.7%0.0%0.2%0.0%0.2%0.0%0.0%0.0%
Békés 91.9%0.0%2.7%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.9%0.0%1.7%0.0%0.1%2.5%0.0%0.0%
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén 90.0%0.0%8.5%0.0%0.0%0.1%0.6%0.0%0.1%0.2%0.0%0.3%0.0%0.1%
Csongrád 96.8%0.0%1.2%0.0%0.1%0.0%0.6%0.0%0.5%0.0%0.5%0.2%0.0%0.0%
Fejér 96.0%0.0%1.5%0.1%0.1%0.1%1.7%0.0%0.2%0.0%0.1%0.1%0.0%0.1%
Győr-Moson-Sopron 95.0%0.1%0.8%0.0%0.7%0.0%2.7%0.0%0.2%0.0%0.0%0.4%0.0%0.0%
Hajdú-Bihar 95.4%0.1%3.4%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.4%0.0%0.5%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

0.1%

Heves 92.6%0.0%6.3%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.5%0.0%0.2%0.0%0.0%0.2%0.0%0.1%
Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok 94.2%0.0%4.9%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.4%0.0%0.2%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
Komárom-Esztergom 93.2%0.1%1.4%0.0%0.0%0.1%3.6%0.0%0.3%0.0%0.0%1.2%0.0%0.1%
Nógrád 90.0%0.0%7.7%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.7%0.0%0.1%0.0%0.0%1.4%0.0%0.0%
Pest 94.2%0.1%1.7%0.0%0.1%0.1%2.5%0.0%0.5%0.0%0.1%0.6%0.0%0.1%
Somogy 92.1%0.0%5.3%0.0%0.5%0.0%1.7%0.0%0.1%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg 90.8%0.0%8.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.5%0.0%0.2%0.1%0.0%0.1%0.0%0.3%
Tolna 90.3%0.0%3.9%0.0%0.1%0.0%5.2%0.0%0.2%0.0%0.1%0.1%0.0%0.0%
Vas 94.5%0.0%1.0%0.0%1.2%0.0%2.1%0.0%0.1%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.7%0.0%
Veszprém 94.8%0.0%1.5%0.0%0.0%0.1%3.2%0.0%0.2%0.0%0.0%0.1%0.0%0.1%
Zala 94.1%0.0%2.6%0.0%1.3%0.0%1.6%0.0%0.1%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

[97]

History

Hungary before the Treaty of Trianon (4 June 1920)

The Red Map. Ethnic map of the Hungary proper publicized by the Hungarian delegation. Regions with population density below 20 persons/km are left blank and the corresponding population is represented in the nearest region with population density above that limit. The vibrant, dominant red color was deliberately chosen to mark Hungarians while the light purple color of the Romanians, who were already the majority in the whole of Transylvania back then, is shadow-like.
Hungarians
Germans
Slovaks
Rusyns
Romanians
Serbs
Croats
Spaces with a smaller density than 20 persons/sq km Ethnographic map of hungary 1910 by teleki carte rouge.jpg
The Red Map. Ethnic map of the Hungary proper publicized by the Hungarian delegation. Regions with population density below 20 persons/km are left blank and the corresponding population is represented in the nearest region with population density above that limit. The vibrant, dominant red color was deliberately chosen to mark Hungarians while the light purple color of the Romanians, who were already the majority in the whole of Transylvania back then, is shadow-like.
   Germans
   Slovaks
   Rusyns
   Romanians
   Serbs
   Croats
  Spaces with a smaller density than 20 persons/sq km

Hungary lost 64% of its total population in consequence of the Treaty of Trianon, decreasing from 20.9 million to 7.6 million, [100] and 31% (3.3 out of 10.7 million) of its ethnic Hungarians, [60] Hungary lost five of its ten most populous cities. [101]

Hungary lost 72% of its territory, its sea access, half of its 10 biggest cities and all of its precious metal mines; 3,425,000 ethnic Hungarians found themselves separated from their motherland. Based on the 1910 census. Administrative Hungary in green, autonomous Croatia-Slavonia grey. Hungary1910-1920.png
Hungary lost 72% of its territory, its sea access, half of its 10 biggest cities and all of its precious metal mines; 3,425,000 ethnic Hungarians found themselves separated from their motherland. Based on the 1910 census. Administrative Hungary in green, autonomous Croatia-Slavonia grey.

According to the census of 1910, the largest ethnic group in the Kingdom of Hungary were Hungarians, who were 54.5% of the population of Kingdom of Hungary, excluding Croatia-Slavonia. Although the territories of the former Kingdom of Hungary that were assigned by the treaty to neighbouring states in total had a majority of non-Hungarian population, they also included areas of Hungarian majority and significant Hungarian minorities, numbering 3,318,000 in total.

The number of Hungarians in the different areas based on census data of 1910. The present day location of each area is given in parentheses.

Non-Hungarian population in the Kingdom of Hungary, based on 1910 census data

Romanians, Slovaks, Ruthenians, Serbs, Croats and Germans, who represented the majority of the populations of the above-mentioned territories:

Post-Trianon Hungary

Population in the territory of present-day Hungary according to ethnic group 1495–1930 [107]
Ethnic
group
estimation 149517151785census 1880census 1900census 1910census 1920census 1930
Number %Number %Number %Number %Number %Number %Number %Number %
Hungarians 990,00095.6%1,176,00079.1%2,103,00079.0%4,402,36482.4%5,890,99985.9%6,730,29988.4%7,155,97389.6%8,000,33592.1%
Germans 17,0001.6%136,6009.2%291,90011.0%606,36311.3%604,7518.8%553,1797.3%550,0626.9%477,1535.5%
Slovaks n.dn.d.37,7002.5%130,4004.9%199,7883.7%192,2272.8%165,3172.2%141,8771.8%104,7861.2%
Croats 1,2000.1%58,9004.0%71,7002.7%59,2511.1%68,1611.0%62,0180.8%58,9310.7%47,3370.5%
Others23,8002.4%70,8004.8%66,2142.4%75,5981.5%98,2771.5%101,3011.3%80,0261.0%55,5030.6%
Total1,032,0001,480,0002,663,2145,343,3646,854,4157,612,1147,986,8758,685,109

According to the 1920 census 10.4% of the population spoke one of the minority languages as mother language:

The number of bilingual people was much higher, for example 1,398,729 people spoke German (17%), 399,176 people spoke Slovak (5%), 179,928 people spoke Croatian (2.2%) and 88,828 people spoke Romanian (1.1%). Hungarian was spoken by 96% of the total population and was the mother language of 89%. The percentage and the absolute number of all non-Hungarian nationalities decreased in the next decades, although the total population of the country increased.

Note: 300.000 Hungarian refugees fled to Hungary from the territory of successor states (Romania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia) after the WW I. [108]

From 1938 to 1945

Ethnic groups in 1938 in the former territory of the Kingdom of Hungary, the state borders before the Treaty of Trianon of 1920 is marked on the map.
Hungarians
Bunjevci
Croatians
Germans
Serbs
Slovaks
Slovenes
Romanians
Ruthenians
Unpopulated regions (high mountains, large forests, marshes) Carte ethnographique de L'Europe Centrale.jpg
Ethnic groups in 1938 in the former territory of the Kingdom of Hungary, the state borders before the Treaty of Trianon of 1920 is marked on the map.
   Bunjevci
   Croatians
   Germans
   Serbs
   Slovaks
   Slovenes
   Romanians
  Unpopulated regions (high mountains, large forests, marshes)
Ethnic map of Hungary in 1910, with 1941 borders superimposed. Hungary 1941 ethnic.svg
Ethnic map of Hungary in 1910, with 1941 borders superimposed.
Ethnic map of Northern Transylvania Northern Transylvania ethnic map.svg
Ethnic map of Northern Transylvania

Hungary expanded its borders with territories from Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia following the First Vienna Award (1938) and Second Vienna Award (1940). The remainder of Carpathian Ruthenia and parts of Yugoslavia were occupied and annexed in 1939 and 1941, respectively. Regarding Northern Transylvania, the Romanian census from 1930 counted 38% Hungarians and 49% Romanians, [109] while the Hungarian census from 1941 counted 53.5% Hungarians and 39.1% Romanians. [110] The territory of Bácska had 789,705 inhabitants, and 45,4% or 47,2% declared themselves to be Hungarian native speakers or ethnic Hungarians. [110] The percentage of Hungarian speakers was 84% in southern Czechoslovakia and 25% in the Sub-Carpathian Rus. [107]

Population of Hungary in 1941 [111]
Ethnic
group
census 1941
Number %
Hungarians 11,881,45580.9%
Romanians 1,051,0267.2%
Ruthenians 547,7703.7%
Germans 533,0453.6%
Serbs 213,5851.5%
Slovaks 175,5501.2%
Jewish [Note 1] 139,0410.9%
Roma 76,2090.5%
Croats 12,3460.1%
Slovenes 9,4000.1%
Others29,2100.2%
Total14,679,573

After WW II: 1949–1990

After World War II, about 200,000 Germans were deported to Germany according to the decree of the Potsdam Conference. Under the forced exchange of population between Czechoslovakia and Hungary, approximately 73,000 Slovaks left Hungary. After these population movements Hungary became an ethnically almost homogeneous country except the rapidly growing number of Romani people in the second half of the 20th century.

Population of Hungary 1949–1990
Ethnic
group
census 1949census 1960census 1970census 1980census 1990
Number %Number %Number %Number %Number %
Hungarians 9,076,04198.6%9,786,03898.2%10,166,23798.5%10,638,97499.3%10,142,07297.8%
Roma 21,3870.2%25,6330.3%34,9570.3%6,4040.1%142,6831.4%
Germans 22,4550.2%50,7650.5%35,5940.4%11,3100.1%30,8240.3%
Slovaks 25,9880.3%30,6300.3%21,1760.2%9,1010.1%10,4590.1%
Croats 20,4230.2%33,0140.3%17,6090.2%13,8950.1%13,5700.1%
Romanians 14,7130.2%15,7870.2%12,6240.1%8,8740.1%10,7400.1%
Serbs 5,1580.1%4,5830.1%12,2350.1%2,8050.0%2,9050.0%
Slovenes 4,4730.1%-4,2050.0%1,7310.0%1,9300.0%
Others14,1610.1%14,5340.1%17,4620.2%16,3690.2%19,6400.2%
Total9,204,7999,961,04410,322,09910,709,46310,374,823

For historical reasons, significant Hungarian minority populations can be found in the surrounding countries, notably in Ukraine (in Transcarpathia), Slovakia, Romania (in Transylvania), and Serbia (in Vojvodina). Austria (in Burgenland), Croatia, and Slovenia (Prekmurje) are also host to a number of ethnic Hungarians.

2001–2022

[112] [113]

Population of Hungary 2001–2022
Ethnic
group
census 2001census 2011census 2022
Number %Number %Number %
Hungarians 9,416,04592.3%8,504,49285.6%8,438,12987.9%
Roma 189,9842.0%315,5833.2%209,9092.2%
Germans 62,1050.6%185,6961.9%142,5511.5%
Romanians 7,9950.1%35,6410.4%27,5540.3%
Slovaks 17,6930.2%35,2080.4%29,8810.3%
Croats 15,5970.2%26,7740.3%21,8240.2%
Serbs 3,8160.0%10,0380.1%11,6220.1%
Slovenes 3,0250.0%2,8200.0%3,9650.0%
Others57,0590.6%73,3990.9%55,6100.6%
Not stated570,5375.6%1,398,73114.1%1,086,23911.3%
Total10,198,3159,937,6289,603,634

Historical ethnic groups of Hungary

Hungarians in Hungary (2001) Hungarians in subregions.png
Hungarians in Hungary (2001)
Minorities of Hungary 1910 census in Hungary.png
Minorities of Hungary

When the Hungarians invaded the Carpathian Basin, it was inhabited by Slavic and Avar peoples. Written sources from the 9th century also suggest that some groups of Onogurs and Bulgars occupied the valley of the river Mureș at the time of the Magyars’ invasion. There is a dispute as to whether Romanian population existed in Transylvania during that time.

The Roma minority

The first Romani groups arrived in Hungary in the fifteenth century from Turkey. [117] Nowadays, the real number of Roma in Hungary is a disputed question.

In the 2001 census only 190 046 (2%) called themselves Roma, but experts and Roma organisations estimate that there are between 450,000 and 1,000,000 Roma living in Hungary. [118] [119] [120] [121] [122] Since then, the size of the Roma population has increased rapidly. Today every fifth or sixth newborn child belongs to the Roma minority. [123] Based on current demographic trends, a 2006 estimate by Central European Management Intelligence claims that the proportion of the Roma population will double by 2050, putting the percentage of its Roma community at around 14-15% of the country's population. [123]

There are problems related to the Roma minority in Hungary, and the very subject is a heated and disputed topic.

Objective problems:

Kabars

Three Kabar tribes joined to the Hungarians and participated in the Hungarian conquest of Hungary. [50] They settled mostly in Bihar county.

Böszörménys

The Muslim Böszörménys migrated to the Carpathian Basin in the course of the 10th-12th centuries and they were composed of various ethnic groups. Most of them must have arrived from Volga Bulgaria and Khwarezm.

Pechenegs

Communities of Pechenegs (Besenyő in Hungarian) lived in the Kingdom of Hungary from the 11-12th centuries. They were most numerous in the county of Tolna.

Oghuz Turks (Ouzes)

Smaller groups of Oghuz Turk settlers ('Úzok' or 'Fekete Kunok/Black Cumans' in Hungarian) came to the Carphatian Basin from the middle of the 11th century. [126] They were settled mostly in Barcaság. The city of Ózd got its name after them.

Jassics

The Jassic (Jász in Hungarian) people were a nomadic tribe which settled -with the Cumans- in the Kingdom of Hungary during the 13th century. Their name is almost certainly related to that of the Iazyges. Béla IV, king of Hungary granted them asylum and they became a privileged community with the right of self-government. During the centuries they were fully assimilated to the Hungarian population, their language disappeared, but they preserved their Jassic identity and their regional autonomy until 1876. Over a dozen settlements in Central Hungary (e.g. Jászberény, Jászárokszállás, Jászfényszaru) still bear their name. [127]

Cumans

During the Russian campaign, the Mongols drove some 200,000 Cumans, a nomadic tribe who had opposed them, west of the Carpathian Mountains. There, the Cumans appealed to King Béla IV of Hungary for protection. [128] In the Kingdom of Hungary, Cumans created two regions named Cumania ( Kunság in Hungarian): Greater Cumania (Nagykunság) and Little Cumania (Kiskunság), both located the Great Hungarian Plain. Here, the Cumans maintained their autonomy, language and some ethnic customs well into the modern era. According to Pálóczi's estimation originally 70–80,000 Cumans settled in Hungary. [14]

Romanians

The oldest extant documents from Transylvania make reference to Vlachs too. Regardless of the subject of Romanian presence/non-presence in Transylvania prior to the Hungarian conquest, the first chronicles to write of Vlachs in the intra-Carpathian regions is the Gesta Hungarorum , [129] [130] while the first written Hungarian sources about Romanian settlements derive from the 13th century, record was written about Olahteluk village in Bihar County from 1283. [131] [132] The 'land of Romanians', Terram Blacorum (1222, 1280) [132] [133] [134] [135] showed up in Fogaras and this area was mentioned under different name (Olachi) in 1285. [132] The first appearance of a probably Romanian name 'Ola' in Hungary derives from a charter (1258). [132]

They were a significant population in Transylvania, Banat, Maramureș and Partium (Crișana). There are different estimations in connection with number of Romanians in Kingdom of Hungary. According to a research based on place-names made by István Kniezsa, 511 villages of Transylvania and Banat appear in documents at the end of the 13th century, however only 3 of them bore Romanian names, [136] and around 1400 AD, Transylvania and Banat consisted of 1757 villages, though only 76 (4.3%) of them had names of Romanian origin. [136] The number of Romanians started to increase significantly from the Early modern period, [136] and by 1700 the Romanian ethnic group consisted of 40 percent of the Transylvanian population and their number raised even more in the 18th century. [136] Although, in 1574, Pierre Lescalopier, relating his voyage from Venice to Constantinople, claimed that most of the inhabitants of Transylvania were Romanians [137] and according to other estimates, the Romanian inhabitants who were primarily peasants, consisted of more than 60 percent of the population in 1600. [138] Jean W. Sedlar estimates that Vlachs (Romanians) constituted about two-thirds of Transylvania's population in 1241 on the eve of the Mongol invasion, [139] however according to Károly Kocsis and Eszter Kocsisné Hodosi the Hungarian ethnic group in Transylvania was in decent majority before Battle of Mohács and only lost its relative majority by the 17th century. [140] Nevertheless, Grigore Ureche in Letopisețul Țării Moldovei (1642 - 1647) noticed that in Transylvania Romanians were more numerous than Hungarians. [141] Official censuses with information on Hungary's ethnic composition have been conducted since the 19th century. [142] [143] [144]

In 1881, Romanian-majority settlements projected to the present-day territory of Hungary were: Bedő, Csengerújfalu, Kétegyháza, Körösszakál, Magyarcsanád, Méhkerék, Mezőpeterd, Pusztaottlaka and Vekerd. [145] Important communities lived in the villages of Battonya, Elek, Körösszegapáti, Létavértes, Nyíradony, Pocsaj, Sarkadkeresztúr, Zsáka and in the town of Gyula. [145]

Slovaks

The Slovak people lived mainly in Upper Hungary, northern parts of the Kingdom of Hungary. Due to post-Ottoman resettlements, the regions of Vojvodina, Banat and Békés county received bigger Slovak communities in the 18th century, which revitalized many deserted villages and towns, such as Békéscsaba, where Slovaks became the biggest ethnic group, or Nyíregyháza, where they comprised more than a third of the population in 1881. [145] After WWII a major population exchange with Czechoslovakia was carried out: 71,787 or 73,200 Slovaks from Hungary [146] [147] [148] were transferred to Slovakia the exact number depends on source consulted were resettled in South Slovakia in exchange for, according to different estimations, 45,000 [149] [150] or 120,000 [151] [152] Hungarians.

Serbs

From the 14th century, escaping from the Ottoman threat, a large number of Serbs migrated to the Hungarian Kingdom. After the Battle of Mohács, most of the territory of Hungary got into Ottoman rule. In that time, especially in the 17th century, many Serb, and other Southern Slavic immigrants settled in Hungary. Most of the Ottoman soldiers in the territory of present-day Hungary were South Slavs (the Janissary). After the Turkish withdrawal, Kingdom of Hungary came under Habsburg rule, a new wave of Serb refugees migrated to the area around 1690, as a consequence of the Habsburg-Ottoman war. In the first half of the 18th century, Serbs and South Slavs were ethnic majority in several cities in Hungary.

Germans

Three waves of German migration can be distinguished in Hungary before the 20th century. The first two waves settled in Upper Hungary and in Southern Transylvania (Transylvanian Saxons), with the first being in the 11th century and the second in the 13th century.

The third, largest wave of German-speaking immigrants into Hungary occurred after the withdrawal of the Ottoman Empire from Hungarian territory, after the Treaty of Karlowitz. Between 1711 and 1780, German-speaking settlers immigrated to the regions of Southern Hungary, mostly region of Bánát, Bács-Bodrog, Baranya and Tolna counties (as well as into present-day Romania and Yugoslavia), which had been depopulated by the Ottoman wars. At the end of the 18th century, the Kingdom of Hungary contained over one million German-speaking residents (collectively known as Danube Swabians). [153] In 2011, 131,951 people declared to be German in Hungary (1,6%). [154]

Rusyns

Rusyns had lived mostly in Carpathian Ruthenia, Northeast Hungary, however significant Rusyn population appeared in Vojvodina from the 18th century.

Croats

Croatia was in personal union with Hungary from 1102. Croat communities were spread mostly in the western and southern part of the country and along the Danube, including Budapest.

Poles

The Poles lived at the northern borders of Kingdom of Hungary from the arrival of the Hungarians.

Slovenes

The Slovenes (Vendek in Hungarian) lived in the western part of the Carpathian basin before the Hungarian conquest. In the 11th and 12th century, the current linguistic and ethnic border between the Hungarian and Slovene people was established. Nowadays, they live in Vendvidék (Slovenska krajina in Slovenians) between the Mura and the Rába rivers. In 2001, there were around 5,000 Slovenes in Hungary.

Jews

The first historical document about Jews of Hungary is the letter written about 960 to King Joseph of the Khazars by Hasdai ibn Shaprut, the Jewish statesman of Córdoba, in which he says Jews living in "the country of Hungarin". There are Jewish inscriptions on tombs and monuments in Pannonia (Roman Hungary) dated to the second or third century CE. [155]

Armenians

The first Armenians came to Hungary from the Balkans in the 10 - 11th century.

Greeks

Greeks migrated to Kingdom of Hungary from the 15th and 16th centuries. Mass migrations did not occur until the 17th century, [156] the largest waves being in 1718 and 1760–1770; [157] they were primarily connected to the economic conditions of the period. [156] It is estimated that 10,000 Greeks emigrated to Hungary in the second half of the 18th century. [157] A number of Greeks Communists escaped to Hungary after the Greek Civil War, notably in the 'Greek' village of Beloiannisz.

Bulgarians

The town of Szentendre and the surrounding villages were inhabited by Bulgarians since the Middle Ages. However, present day Bulgarians are largely descended from gardeners who migrated to Hungary from the 18th century.

Religion

Religious affiliation in Hungary (2022) [158]
DenominationsPopulation % of total
Catholicism 2,886,61930
Roman Catholics 2,643,85528.3
Greek Catholics 165,1351.7
Protestantism 1,120,48511.6
Calvinists 943,9829.8
Lutherans 176,5031.8
Orthodox Christianity 15,5780.2
Judaism 7,6350.1
Other religions171,1741.8
Total religions4,201,49143.7
No religion1,549,61016.2
Did not wish to answer3,852,53340.1
total9,603,634100.00

The majority of Hungarians became Christian in the 11th century. Hungary remained predominantly Catholic until the 16th century, when the Reformation led to the first Lutherans, and later Calvinists, which were embraced by nearly the entire Hungarian population at the time.

In the second half of the 16th century, Jesuits led a successful campaign of counterreformation among the Hungarians, although Protestantism survived as the faith of a significant minority, especially in the far east and northeast of the country. Orthodox Christianity in Hungary has been the religion mainly of some national minorities in the country, notably Romanians, Rusyns, Ukrainians, and Serbs.

Faith Church, one of Europe's largest Pentecostal churches, is also located in Hungary. Hungary has historically been home to a significant Jewish community.

Distribution of religions in Hungary Hungary 2011 Religion.png
Distribution of religions in Hungary

According to 2011 census data, Christianity is the largest religion in Hungary, with around 5.2 million adherents (52.9%), [159] while the largest denomination in Hungary is the Catholic Church (38.9% — Latin Church 37.1%; Hungarian Greek Catholic Church 1.8%). [160] There is a significant Calvinist minority (11.6% of the population) and smaller Lutheran (2.2%), Orthodox (0.1%) and Jewish (0.1%) minorities. However, these census figures are representative of religious affiliation rather than attendance; around 12% of Hungarians attend religious services more than least once a week and around 50% more than once a year, while 30% of Hungarians do not believe in God at all. [161] The census showed a large drop of religious adherents who wish to answer, from 74.6% to 54.7% in ten years' time, replacing them by people either who do not wish to answer or people who are not following a religion.

Immigration

Hungary migration data, 2001-present

YearForeign ImmigrantsForeign EmigrantsNet Migration (Foreigners)Hungarian Returning CitizensHungarian EmigrantsNet Migration (Hungarians)Total Net Migration
200120,3081,94418,364---
200217,9722,38815,584---
200319,3652,55316,812---
200422,1643,46618,698---
200525,5823,32022,262---
200623,5693,95619,613---
200722,6074,13318,474---
200835,5474,24131,306---
200925,5825,60019,982---
201023,8846,04717,8371,5757,318-5,74312,094
201122,5142,68719,8272,44312,413-9,9709,857
201220,3409,91610,4244,19412,964-8,7701,654
201321,25013,1118,1399,35421,580-12,226-4,087
201426,00410,82815,17611,35631,385-20,029-4,853
201525,78710,37315,41414,81032,852-18,042-2,628
201623,80310,46413,33916,21529,425-13,210129
201736,45312,87223,58120,90626,957-6,05117,530
201849,31224,37024,94223,40123,808-40724,535
201955,29727,89527,40223,17221,9001,27228,674
202043,78548,042-4,25723,10419,3223,782-475
202149,06946,2692,80022,58321,7308533,653
202255,51429,58325,93124,14728,825-4,67821,253
202361,34735,63325,71423,86635,736-9,87015,844

Foreign citizenship population

Number of foreign citizens residing in Hungary on January 1:
(countries with at least 2,000 persons)
[162]
Country2017201820192020202120222023
Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine 5,77410,50324,19730,31627,38030,70736,017
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Germany.svg Germany 18,62717,87916,53718,34417,49019,74722,310
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 19,11119,90518,85119,65518,55817,68518,192
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Romania.svg Romania 24,04022,74721,01722,16218,22016,60116,542
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia 9,5199,6529,56310,58214,67716,04016,744
Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam 3,2563,6984,6695,7196,7196,3767,150
Flag of Russia.svg Russia 4,9024,7905,0885,2645,0354,9806,193
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Austria.svg Austria 4,0213,7433,1423,3184,1324,6374,922
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Italy.svg Italy 3,3533,5763,6354,0383,6623,7173,881
Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia 2,3123,3565,3424,9893,4713,5183,988
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 2,0632,3272,7853,2333,2173,4613,917
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 3,0813,1903,1053,5403,3733,3233,392
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 2,8142,8772,8343,1583,0653,2993,652
Flag of the United States.svg United States 3,1983,3733,3873,5012,9773,0513,069
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of France.svg France 2,5232,6332,5932,8332,6022,7542,933
Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia 8389171,4701,8341,8451,8542,692
Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Poland.svg Poland 2,0611,9281,9602,1452,0172,0382,063
Flag of Syria.svg Syria 1,5191,9872,1392,1952,2771,8891,941
Total151,132161,809180,773199,957194,491202,525226,267
Foreign citizenship population by continent [162]
Continent2017
population
 % of total2018
population
 % of total2019
population
 % of total2020
population
 % of total2021
population
 % of total2022
population
 % of total2023
population
 % of total
Europe 99,19465.63104,25464.43117,55265.03131,29165.66124,42263.97131,43164.90144,10263.60
Asia 39,93726.4244,69227.6249,05627.1453,09926.5654,73028.1455,00027.1664,94528.7
America 5,3973.575,8913.646,8503.797,6313.826,9333.567,4543.687,5913.35
Africa 5,9853.966,3343.916,6603.687,2783.647,7483.988,0283.967,7413.00
Other and unknown6190.416380.396550.366580.336580.346120.305880.26

Largest cities

NamePopulation (1949)Population (1990)Population (2011)Population (2022)AgglomerationStatus
Coa Hungary Town Budapest big.svg Budapest 1,590,3162,016,6811,729,0401,682,426Decrease2.svg3,310,786 (2022)Capital city
Coa Hungary Town Debrecen.svg Debrecen 115,399212,235211,320199,520Decrease2.svg281,432 (2022)Regional centre, county seat, urban county
HUN Szeged Cimer.svg Szeged 104,867169,930168,048158,022Decrease2.svg197,245 (2022)Regional centre, county seat, urban county
HUN Miskolc Cimer.svg Miskolc 109,841196,442167,754145,735Decrease2.svg231,034 (2022)Regional centre, county seat, urban county
COA Hungary Town Pecs.svg Pécs 89,470170,039156,049139,647Decrease2.svg181,342 (2022)Regional centre, county seat, urban county
HUN Gyor Cimer.svg Győr 69,583129,331129,527128,050Decrease2.svg275,574 (2022)Regional centre, county seat, urban county
HUN Nyiregyhaza Cimer.svg Nyíregyháza 56,334114,152119,746116,439Decrease2.svg175,211 (2022)County seat, urban county
Coa Hungary Town Kecskemet.svg Kecskemét 61,730102,516111,411108,334Decrease2.svg180,023 (2022)County seat, urban county
HUN Szekesfehervar Cimer.svg Székesfehérvár 42,260108,958100,57094,906Decrease2.svg-Regional centre, county seat, urban county

See also

Notes

  1. In fertility rates, 2.1 and above represents a stable or increasing population and have been marked blue, while 2.0 and below leads to an aging and, ultimately, declining population.
  1. Except in the year 1941, Jewish people were not recognized as a minority, but only as a religion — assuredly, many Jews considered themselves as belonging to one of the recognized minorities.

Sources

Related Research Articles

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