Demographics of Turkey

Demographics of Turkey
Demographics of Turkey
	Population pyramid of Turkey in 2024
Population	85,824,854; (1 July 2025)
Density	111/km2 (290/sq mi) (2024)
Growth rate	0.34% (2024)
Birth rate	11.0 births/1,000 population (2024)
Death rate	5.7 deaths/1,000 population (2024)
Life expectancy	77.3 years (2023)
• male	74.7 years
• female	80 years
Fertility rate	1.48 children born/woman (2024)
Infant mortality rate	9.0 deaths/1,000 live births (2024)
Net migration rate	−3.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023)
Age structure
0–14 years	20.9% (male 9,196,102/female 8,730,463)
15–64 years	68.4% (male 29,589,637/female 29,036,444)
65 and over	10.6% (male 4,067,371/female 5,044,927) (2024)
Sex ratio
Total	1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
At birth	1.05 male(s)/female
Under 15	1.05 male(s)/female
15–64 years	1.03 male(s)/female
65 and over	0.83 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality	Turkish citizen
Major ethnic	Turkish (70–75%)
Minor ethnic	Kurdish (19%); other minorities (6–11%) (2016 est.); ;
Language
Official	Turkish (87.6%)
Spoken	Kurdish (10.4%); Arabic (1.4%); Others (0.6%); ;

Last updated August 27, 2025

Demographic features of the population of Turkey include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Turks are the largest ethnic group, comprising 70–75% of the population while Kurds are the second largest with 19%. The others, including Armenians, Arabs, Assyrians, Albanians, Bosniaks, Circassians, Chechens, Georgians, Pomaks, Romani, Laz people make 6–11% of the population according to a 2016 estimate by the CIA.^[8]

The population has been aging in recent years, with just 20.6% falling in the 0–14 age bracket (down from 26.4% in 2007).^[7] The population over the age of 65 is 11.0% (up from 7.1% in 2007). As of 2024,^[update] the median age of the Turkish population is 34.4 years (up from 28.3 in 2007).^[7] According to OECD/World Bank population statistics, from 1990 to 2008 the population growth in Turkey was 16 million or 29%.^[9]

Population

Historical population

Historical population^[10]^[11]

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1890	8,274,971	—
1910	12,329,210	+2.01%
1927	13,648,270	+0.60%
1935	16,158,018	+2.13%
1940	17,820,950	+1.98%
1945	18,790,174	+1.06%
1950	20,947,188	+2.20%
1955	24,064,763	+2.81%
1960	27,754,820	+2.89%
1965	31,391,421	+2.49%
1970	35,605,176	+2.55%
1975	40,347,719	+2.53%

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1980	44,736,957	+2.09%
1985	50,664,458	+2.52%
1990	56,473,035	+2.19%
2000	67,803,927	+1.85%
2010	73,722,988	+0.84%
2015	78,741,053	+1.33%
2020	83,614,362	+1.21%
2021	84,680,273	+1.27%
2022	85,279,553	+0.71%
2023	85,372,377	+0.11%
2024	85,664,944	+0.34%

Urbanization

Istanbul has experienced rapid population growth (The gray areas are buildings) IstanbulGrowth1975and2011.png — Istanbul has experienced rapid population growth (The gray areas are buildings)

According to the CIA World Factbook

Urban population: 77.5% of total population (2023)
Rate of urbanization: 1.11% annual rate of change (2020–25 est.)^[5]

According to TURKSTAT

Population of densely populated urban areas: 67.2%
Population of intermediate density urban areas: 15.5%
Population of rural areas: 17.2% (2024)^[7]

Structure of the population

Structure of the population (20.10.1935):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	7,936,512	8,220,938	16,157,450	100
0–4	1,431,441	1,297,472	2,728,913	16.89
5–9	1,211,031	1,127,759	2,338,790	14.47
10–14	848,909	745,981	1,594,890	9.87
15–19	558,702	485,865	1,044,567	6.47
20–24	749,196	640,153	1,389,349	8.60
25–29	621,971	721,286	1,343,257	8.31
30–34	584,496	642,051	1,226,547	7.59
35–39	486,505	509,582	996,087	6.16
40–44	323,676	473,948	797,624	4.94
45–49	242,922	314,860	557,782	3.45
50–54	225,781	384,373	610,154	3.78
55–59	162,193	195,231	357,424	2.21
60–64	175,346	297,375	472,721	2.93
65–69	100,249	104,966	205,215	1.27
70–74	90,665	125,877	216,542	1.34
75–79	36,289	37,970	74,259	0.46
80–84	31,267	49,176	80,443	0.50
85+	20,376	31,206	51,582	0.32
Unknown	35,497	35,807	71,304	0.44

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	3,491,381	3,171,212	6,662,593	41.23
15–64	4,130,788	4,664,724	8,795,512	54.44
65+	278,846	349,195	628,041	3.89

Structure of the population (20.10.1940):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	8,898,912	8,922,038	17,820,950	100
0–4	1,386,164	1,255,841	2,642,005	14.83
5–9	1,417,565	1,264,599	2,682,164	15.05
10–14	1,189,450	989,707	2,179,157	12.22
15–19	828,348	698,268	1,526,616	8.57
20–24	524,398	517,900	1,042,298	5.85
25–29	684,425	704,888	1,389,313	7.80
30–34	617,605	715,603	1,333,208	7.48
35–39	589,660	567,985	1,157,645	6.50
40–44	465,754	530,330	996,084	5.59
45–49	303,224	347,903	651,127	3.65
50–54	247,689	416,071	663,760	3.72
55–59	175,162	216,450	391,612	2.20
60–64	189,814	327,319	517,133	2.90
65–69	100,133	113,816	213,949	1.20
70–74	83,102	131,130	214,232	1.20
75–79	35,800	36,810	72,610	0.41
80–84	32,530	48,634	81,164	0.45
85+	19,856	28,048	47,904	0.27
Unknown	8,233	10,736	18,969	0.11

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	3,993,179	3,510,147	7,503,326	42.10
15–64	4,626,079	5,042,717	9,668,796	54.26
65+	271,421	358,438	629,859	3.53

Structure of the population (22.10.1945):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	9,446,580	9,343,594	18,790,174	100
0–4	1,286,705	1,184,799	2,471,504	13.15
5–9	1,348,446	1,242,281	2,590,727	13.79
10–14	1,284,952	1,074,080	2,359,032	12.56
15–19	1,048,701	931,461	1,980,162	10.54
20–24	789,205	691,680	1,480,885	7.88
25–29	484,328	619,069	1,103,397	5.87
30–34	731,283	699,657	1,430,940	7.61
35–39	607,377	578,390	1,185,767	6.31
40–44	542,301	558,000	1,100,301	5.86
45–49	401,379	378,499	779,878	4.15
50–54	282,856	434,107	716,963	3.82
55–59	171,162	219,398	390,560	2.08
60–64	199,908	349,207	549,115	2.92
65–69	98,664	124,606	223,270	1.19
70–74	80,007	132,964	212,971	1.13
75–79	30,422	38,852	69,274	0.37
80–84	28,838	46,220	75,058	0.40
85+	18,752	27,218	45,970	0.24
Unknown	11,294	13,106	24,400	0.13

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	3,920,103	3,501,160	7,421,263	39.50
15–64	5,258,500	5,459,468	10,717,968	57.04
65+	256,683	369,860	626,543	3.33

Structure of the population (22.10.1950):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	10,527,085	10,420,103	20,947,188	100
0–4	1,583,013	1,507,310	3,090,323	14.75
5–9	1,336,758	1,236,743	2,573,501	12.29
10–14	1,273,881	1,080,774	2,354,655	11.24
15–19	1,269,676	1,118,275	2,387,951	11.40
20–24	989,606	972,942	1,962,548	9.37
25–29	726,276	751,624	1,477,900	7.06
30–34	523,466	590,563	1,114,029	5.32
35–39	687,486	599,778	1,287,264	6.15
40–44	551,330	595,426	1,146,756	5.47
45–49	499,143	445,245	944,388	4.51
50–54	389,143	471,481	860,624	4.11
55–59	214,041	260,147	474,188	2.26
60–64	196,827	358,825	555,652	2.65
65–69	110,177	152,604	262,781	1.25
70–74	83,100	138,710	221,810	1.06
75–79	33,989	49,329	83,318	0.40
80–84	26,256	46,416	72,672	0.35
85+	19,238	30,843	50,081	0.24
Unknown	13,679	13,068	26,747	0.12

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	4,193,652	3,824,827	8,018,479	38.28
15–64	6,046,994	6,164,306	12,211,300	58.30
65+	272,760	417,902	690,662	3.30

Structure of the population (23.10.1955):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	12,233,421	11,831,342	24,064,763	100
0–4	1,982,328	1,876,385	3,858,713	16.03
5–9	1,674,361	1,559,521	3,233,882	13.44
10–14	1,293,749	1,088,876	2,382,625	9.90
15–19	1,246,288	1,086,401	2,332,689	9.69
20–24	1,208,312	1,109,352	2,317,664	9.63
25–29	957,994	1,020,047	1,978,041	8.22
30–34	747,870	730,128	1,477,998	6.14
35–39	518,633	525,015	1,043,648	4.34
40–44	665,731	620,561	1,286,292	5.34
45–49	524,193	472,397	996,590	4.14
50–54	504,577	527,370	1,031,947	4.29
55–59	326,719	308,300	635,019	2.64
60–64	242,673	386,672	629,345	2.62
65–69	126,235	172,553	298,788	1.24
70–74	98,303	170,945	269,248	1.12
75–79	42,539	61,169	103,708	0.43
80–84	31,408	58,663	90,071	0.38
85+	22,219	38,374	60,593	0.25
Unknown	19,289	18,613	37,902	0.16

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	4,950,438	4,524,782	9,475,220	39.37
15–64	6,942,990	6,786,243	13,729,233	57.05
65+	320,704	501,704	822,408	3.42

Structure of the population (23.10.1960):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	14,163,888	13,590,932	27,754,820	100
0–4	2,180,155	2,075,706	4,255,861	15.33
5–9	2,072,538	1,924,700	3,997,238	14.40
10–14	1,687,678	1,486,229	3,173,907	11.44
15–19	1,247,397	1,057,623	2,305,020	8.30
20–24	1,175,912	1,126,110	2,302,022	8.29
25–29	1,155,197	1,175,437	2,330,634	8.41
30–34	1,026,237	984,257	2,010,494	7.24
35–39	748,216	692,697	1,440,913	5.19
40–44	504,947	547,576	1,052,523	3.79
45–49	609,233	499,222	1,108,455	3.99
50–54	547,373	580,291	1,127,664	4.06
55–59	423,895	368,834	792,729	2.86
60–64	368,205	460,652	828,857	2.99
65–69	166,113	213,476	379,589	1.37
70–74	113,713	195,360	309,073	1.11
75–79	51,280	78,196	129,476	0.47
80–84	33,918	63,479	97,397	0.35
85+	23,063	40,134	63,197	0.23
Unknown	28,818	20,953	49,771	0.18

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	5,940,371	5,486,635	11,427,006	41.17
15–64	7,806,612	7,492,699	15,299,311	55.12
65+	388,087	590,645	978,732	3.53

Structure of the population (24.10.1965):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	15,996,964	15,394,457	31,391,421	100
0–4	2,355,040	2,262,030	4,617,070	14.71
5–9	2,414,482	2,249,520	4,664,002	14.86
10–14	2,057,427	1,810,125	3,867,552	12.32
15–19	1,545,911	1,364,144	2,910,055	9.27
20–24	1,210,980	1,133,156	2,344,136	7.47
25–29	1,054,909	1,161,156	2,216,065	7.06
30–34	1,138,450	1,134,571	2,273,021	7.24
35–39	997,446	934,713	1,932,159	6.15
40–44	704,595	676,864	1,381,459	4.40
45–49	445,457	429,623	875,080	2.79
50–54	612,093	590,947	1,203,040	3.83
55–59	449,480	415,150	864,630	2.75
60–64	452,705	501,500	954,205	3.04
65–69	257,812	271,173	528,985	1.69
70–74	145,636	220,745	366,381	1.17
75–79	60,950	94,624	155,574	0.49
80–84	41,187	78,089	119,276	0.38
85+	24,419	47,890	72,309	0.23
Unknown	27,985	18,437	46,422	0.15

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	6,826,949	6,321,675	13,148,624	41.89
15–64	8,612,026	8,341,824	16,953,850	54.00
65+	530,004	712,521	1,242,525	3.96

Structure of the population (25.10.1970):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	18,006,986	17,598,190	35,605,176	100
0–4	2,661,100	2,594,036	5,255,136	14.76
5–9	2,610,278	2,483,174	5,093,452	14.31
10–14	2,362,928	2,166,671	4,529,599	12.72
15–19	1,924,259	1,770,241	3,694,500	10.38
20–24	1,496,314	1,355,157	2,851,471	8.01
25–29	1,107,968	1,153,644	2,261,612	6.35
30–34	1,018,964	1,165,395	2,184,359	6.14
35–39	1,117,152	1,096,974	2,214,126	6.22
40–44	921,299	899,719	1,821,018	5.11
45–49	644,629	564,005	1,208,634	3.39
50–54	457,007	516,198	973,205	2.73
55–59	496,977	440,483	937,460	2.63
60–64	476,373	529,806	1,006,179	2.83
65–69	321,562	319,282	640,844	1.80
70–74	220,832	265,442	486,274	1.37
75–79	82,070	109,591	191,661	0.54
80–84	48.152	90.847	138.999	0.39
85+	35,191	72,727	107,918	0.30
Unknown	3,931	4,798	8,729	0.02

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	7,634,306	7,243,881	14,878,187	41.79
15–64	9,660,942	9,491,622	19,152,564	53.79
65+	707,807	857,889	1,565,696	4.40

Structure of the population (26.10.1975):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	20,744,730	19,602,989	40,347,719	100
0–4	2,917,451	2,783,798	5,701,249	14.13
5–9	2,759,820	2,620,295	5,380,115	13.34
10–14	2,800,002	2,448,837	5,248,839	13.00
15–19	2,232,561	2,031,938	4,264,499	10.57
20–24	1,857,634	1,674,510	3,532,144	8.75
25–29	1,486,652	1,346,030	2,832,682	7.02
30–34	1,178,669	1,116,102	2,294,771	5.69
35–39	1,040,829	1,098,730	2,139,559	5.30
40–44	1,091,915	1,054,284	2,146,199	5.32
45–49	881,215	802,470	1,683,685	4.17
50–54	676,681	664,996	1,341,677	3.33
55–59	382,853	384,295	767,148	1.90
60–64	535,532	548,341	1,083,873	2.69
65–69	322,443	356,949	679,392	1.68
70–74	275,674	320,062	595,736	1.48
75–79	119,728	138,791	258,519	0.64
80–84	79,297	110,363	189,660	0.47
85+	53,510	76,434	129,944	0.32
Unknown	52,264	25,764	78,028	0.20

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	8,477,273	7,852,930	16,330,203	40.47
15–64	11,364,541	10,721,696	22,086,237	54.74
65+	850,652	1,002,599	1,853,251	4.59

Structure of the population (12.10.1980):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	22,695,362	22,041,595	44,736,957	100
0–4	3,050,769	2,909,854	5,960,623	13.32
5–9	3,062,668	2,907,808	5,970,476	13.35
10–14	2,869,879	2,632,934	5,502,813	12.30
15–19	2,562,865	2,404,442	4,967,307	11.10
20–24	2,073,844	1,975,835	4,049,679	9.05
25–29	1,719,161	1,656,165	3,375,326	7.54
30–34	1,373,541	1,321,174	2,694,715	6.02
35–39	1,078,798	1,119,283	2,198,081	4.91
40–44	988,818	1,068,128	2,056,946	4.60
45–49	1,043,459	964,296	2,007,755	4.49
50–54	862,109	867,151	1,729,260	3.87
55–59	592,130	558,498	1,150,628	2.58
60–64	375,309	417,352	792,661	1.77
65–69	413,324	450,580	863,904	1.93
70–74	264,433	328,480	592,913	1.33
75–79	161,282	187,299	348,581	0.78
80–84	81,037	119,321	200,358	0.45
85+	35,284	72,207	107,491	0.24
Unknown	86,652	80,788	167,440	0.37

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	8,983,316	8,450,596	17,433,912	38.97
15–64	12,670,034	12,352,324	25,022,358	55.93
65+	955,360	1,157,887	2,113,247	4.73

Structure of the population (20.10.1985):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	25,671,975	24,992,483	50,664,458	100
0–4	3,112,524	2,964,677	6,077,201	12.00
5–9	3,457,223	3,282,238	6,739,461	13.30
10–14	3,210,697	2,982,779	6,193,476	12.22
15–19	2,744,581	2,662,883	5,407,464	10.67
20–24	2,434,052	2,350,428	4,784,480	9.44
25–29	2,056,187	1,984,575	4,040,762	7.98
30–34	1,723,904	1,650,502	3,374,406	6.66
35–39	1,413,596	1,372,975	2,786,571	5.50
40–44	1,098,217	1,109,939	2,208,156	4.36
45–49	991,442	1,017,167	2,008,609	3.96
50–54	1,039,158	1,003,434	2,042,592	4.03
55–59	824,436	824,633	1,649,069	3.26
60–64	555,813	574,373	1,130,186	2.23
65–69	309,858	367,530	677,388	1.34
70–74	314,528	352,481	667,009	1.32
75–79	175,769	218,753	394,522	0.78
80–84	99,310	138,700	238,010	0.47
85+	55,577	93,402	148,979	0.29
Unknown	55,103	41,014	96,117	0.19

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	9,780,444	9,229,694	19,010,138	37.52
15–64	14,881,386	14,550,909	29,432,295	58.09
65+	955,042	1,170,866	2,125,908	4.20

Structure of the population (21.10.1990):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	28,607,047	27,865,988	56,473,035	100
0–4	3,052,255	2,902,489	5,954,744	10.54
5–9	3,541,409	3,357,800	6,899,209	12.22
10–14	3,560,900	3,330,499	6,891,399	12.20
15–19	3,165,061	3,051,408	6,216,469	11.00
20–24	2,581,153	2,514,351	5,095,504	9.02
25–29	2,435,765	2,377,362	4,813,127	8.52
30–34	2,096,899	1,989,410	4,086,309	7.24
35–39	1,784,121	1,705,943	3,490,064	6.18
40–44	1,418,784	1,369,640	2,788,424	4.94
45–49	1,111,113	1,090,046	2,201,159	3.90
50–54	980,115	1,038,853	2,018,968	3.58
55–59	993,402	947,119	1,940,521	3.44
60–64	768,547	846,746	1,615,293	2.86
65–69	471,479	521,608	993,087	1.76
70–74	242,572	303,519	546,091	0.97
75–79	204,665	236,259	440,924	0.78
80–84	105,386	156,938	262,324	0.46
85+	67,040	107,897	174,937	0.31
Unknown	26,381	18,101	44,482	0.08

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	10,154,564	9,590,788	19,745,352	34.96
15–64	17,334,960	16,930,878	34,265,838	60.68
65+	1,091,142	1,326,221	2,417,363	4.28

Structure of the population (22.10.2000):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	34,346,735	33,457,192	67,803,927	100
0–4	3,396,690	3,188,132	6,584,822	9.71
5–9	3,485,746	3,270,871	6,756,617	9.97
10–14	3,570,657	3,307,999	6,878,656	10.15
15–19	3,691,218	3,518,257	7,209,475	10.63
20–24	3,426,714	3,263,432	6,690,146	9.87
25–29	2,976,430	2,918,825	5,895,255	8.70
30–34	2,552,370	2,457,285	5,009,655	7.39
35–39	2,453,579	2,400,808	4,854,387	7.16
40–44	2,083,531	1,985,225	4,068,756	6.00
45–49	1,710,757	1,658,012	3,368,769	4.97
50–54	1,356,391	1,360,958	2,717,349	4.00
55–59	1,016,254	1,042,168	2,058,422	3.04
60–64	864,299	964,989	1,829,288	2.70
65–69	794,881	850,636	1,645,517	2.43
70–74	517,870	654,773	1,172,643	1.73
75–79	254,443	323,154	577,597	0.85
80–84	98,797	147,895	246,692	0.36
85+	83,572	132,928	216,500	0.32
Unknown	12,536	10,845	23,381	0.03

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	10,453,093	9,767,002	20,220,095	29.83
15–64	22,131,543	21,569,959	43,701,502	64.45
65+	1,749,563	2,109,386	3,858,949	5.69

Structure of the population (31.12.2007):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	35,376,533	35,209,723	70,586,256	100
0–4	2,978,972	2,814,934	5,793,906	8.21
5–9	3,303,329	3,133,498	6,436,827	9.12
10–14	3,288,472	3,123,186	6,411,658	9.08
15–19	3,159,723	2,997,310	6,157,033	8.72
20–24	3,181,804	3,058,769	6,240,573	8.84
25–29	3,295,102	3,217,736	6,512,838	9.23
30–34	2,885,151	2,842,548	5,727,699	8.11
35–39	2,565,112	2,507,329	5,072,441	7.19
40–44	2,379,314	2,346,486	4,725,800	6.69
45–49	2,057,626	2,027,439	4,085,065	5.79
50–54	1,781,029	1,784,640	3,565,669	5.06
55–59	1,369,618	1,419,240	2,788,858	3.95
60–64	981,178	1,086,536	2,067,714	2.93
65–69	781,165	917,418	1,698,583	2.41
70–74	629,241	743,836	1,373,077	1.94
75–79	441,289	628,672	1,069,961	1.51
80–84	212,383	366,496	578,879	0.82
85–89	58,552	123,636	182,188	0.26
90+	27,473	70,014	97,487	0.14

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	9,570,773	9,071,618	18,642,391	26.41
15–64	23,655,657	23,288,033	46,943,690	66,51
65+	2,150,103	2,850,072	5,000,175	7.08

Structure of the population (31.12.2008):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	35,901,154	35,615,946	71,517,100	100
0–4	3,082,338	2,915,920	5,998,258	8.39
5–9	3,242,581	3,075,551	6,318,132	8.83
10–14	3,322,041	3,150,156	6,472,197	9.05
15–19	3,171,917	3,013,187	6,185,104	8.65
20–24	3,187,625	3,068,933	6,256,558	8.75
25–29	3,300,291	3,218,546	6,518,837	9.12
30–34	2,939,518	2,870,589	5,810,107	8.12
35–39	2,680,941	2,649,543	5,330,484	7.45
40–44	2,397,706	2,342,544	4,740,250	6.63
45–49	2,153,427	2,130,748	4,284,175	5.99
50–54	1,824,582	1,818,591	3,643,173	5.09
55–59	1,423,445	1,454,659	2,878,104	4.03
60–64	1,035,261	1,153,037	2,188,298	3.06
65–69	783,680	917,704	1,701,384	2.38
70–74	575,433	699,248	1,274,681	1.78
75–79	492,226	618,556	1,110,782	1.55
80–84	213,336	357,843	571,179	0.80
85–89	59,076	116,145	175,221	0.25
90+	15,730	44,446	60,176	0.08

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	9,646,960	9,141,627	18,788,587	26.27
15–64	24,114,713	23,720,377	47,835,090	66.89
65+	2,139,481	2,753,942	4,893,423	6.84

Structure of the population (31.12.2009):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	36,462,470	36,098,842	72,561,312	100
0–4	3,161,153	2,994,168	6,155,321	8.48
5–9	3,183,784	3,017,863	6,201,647	8.55
10–14	3,336,975	3,165,391	6,502,366	8.96
15–19	3,197,293	3,037,327	6,234,620	8.59
20–24	3,204,748	3,075,369	6,280,117	8.65
25–29	3,306,767	3,202,093	6,508,860	8.97
30–34	2,998,464	2,912,568	5,911,032	8.15
35–39	2,764,856	2,740,457	5,505,313	7.59
40–44	2,379,230	2,296,915	4,676,145	6.44
45–49	2,241,542	2,228,411	4,469,953	6.16
50–54	1,878,374	1,847,369	3,725,743	5.14
55–59	1,461,936	1,483,667	2,945,603	4.06
60–64	1,124,584	1,236,594	2,361,178	3.25
65–69	803,062	920,652	1,723,714	2.38
70–74	586,824	736,844	1,323,668	1.83
75–79	516,617	629,315	1,145,932	1.58
80–84	228,954	382,749	611,703	0.84
85–89	70,842	140,725	211,567	0.29
90+	16,465	50,365	66,830	0.09

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	9,681,912	9,177,422	18,859,334	25.99
15–64	24,557,794	24,060,770	48,618,564	67.00
65+	2,222,764	2,860,650	5,083,414	7.01

Structure of the population (31.12.2010):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	37,043,182	36,679,806	73,722,988	100
0–4	3,173,092	3,005,631	6,178,723	8.38
5–9	3,148,210	2,982,908	6,131,118	8.32
10–14	3,369,995	3,198,746	6,568,741	8.91
15–19	3,219,221	3,058,086	6,277,307	8.51
20–24	3,200,959	3,066,828	6,267,787	8.50
25–29	3,275,153	3,162,769	6,437,922	8.73
30–34	3,146,214	3,063,753	6,209,967	8.42
35–39	2,798,870	2,767,247	5,566,117	7.55
40–44	2,344,747	2,249,976	4,594,723	6.23
45–49	2,358,913	2,341,378	4,700,291	6.38
50–54	1,871,231	1,835,058	3,706,289	5.03
55–59	1,614,971	1,649,342	3,264,313	4.43
60–64	1,190,577	1,301,377	2,491,954	3.38
65–69	848,726	958,566	1,807,292	2.45
70–74	633,016	787,768	1,420,784	1.93
75–79	502,175	615,872	1,118,047	1.52
80–84	245,975	418,326	664,301	0.90
85–89	83,179	161,183	244,362	0.33
90+	17,958	54,992	72,950	0.10

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	9,691,297	9,187,285	18,878,582	25.61
15–64	25,020,856	24,495,814	49,516,670	67.16
65+	2,331,029	2,996,707	5,327,736	7.23

Structure of the population (31.12.2011):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	37,532,954	37,191,315	74,724,269	100
0–4	3,184,160	3,015,664	6,199,824	8.30
5–9	3,123,697	2,960,449	6,084,146	8.14
10–14	3,386,882	3,215,723	6,602,605	8.84
15–19	3,240,196	3,077,387	6,317,583	8.45
20–24	3,173,618	3,050,973	6,224,591	8.33
25–29	3,210,343	3,095,890	6,306,233	8.44
30–34	3,285,387	3,210,247	6,495,634	8.69
35–39	2,837,182	2,795,560	5,632,742	7.54
40–44	2,430,841	2,339,933	4,770,774	6.38
45–49	2,405,435	2,380,649	4,786,084	6.41
50–54	1,909,912	1,882,524	3,792,436	5.08
55–59	1,716,102	1,738,313	3,454,415	4.62
60–64	1,231,274	1,335,213	2,566,487	3.43
65–69	876,489	991,686	1,868,175	2.50
70–74	649,739	801,629	1,451,368	1.94
75–79	497,023	621,287	1,118,310	1.50
80–84	260,355	428,485	688,840	0.92
85–89	94,160	190,434	284,594	0.38
90+	20,159	59,269	79,428	0.11

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	9,694,739	9,191,836	18,886,575	25.28
15–64	25,440,290	24,906,689	50,346,979	67.37
65+	2,397,925	3,092,790	5,490,715	7.35

Structure of the population (31.12.2012):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	37,956,168	37,671,216	75,627,384	100
0–4	3,182,650	3,016,307	6,198,957	8.20
5–9	3,161,223	2,997,741	6,158,964	8.14
10–14	3,334,509	3,164,749	6,499,258	8.59
15–19	3,286,864	3,118,688	6,405,552	8.47
20–24	3,151,253	3,034,836	6,186,089	8.18
25–29	3,185,423	3,085,255	6,270,678	8.29
30–34	3,307,333	3,237,594	6,544,927	8.65
35–39	2,890,170	2,841,007	5,731,177	7.58
40–44	2,565,499	2,498,561	5,064,060	6.70
45–49	2,368,340	2,331,081	4,699,421	6.21
50–54	2,029,218	2,009,980	4,039,198	5.34
55–59	1,727,004	1,751,578	3,478,582	4.60
60–64	1,292,769	1,375,749	2,668,518	3.53
65–69	899,831	1,028,555	1,928,386	2.55
70–74	671,942	828,184	1,500,126	1.98
75–79	484,634	617,492	1,102,126	1.45
80–84	289,054	456,612	745,666	0.99
85–89	105,608	210,382	315.990	0.42
90+	22,844	66,865	89.709	0.12

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	9,678,382	9,178,797	18,857,179	24.93
15–64	25,803,873	25,284,329	51,088,202	67.56
65+	2,473,913	3,208,090	5,682,003	7.51

Structure of the population (31.12.2013):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	38,473,360	38,194,504	76,667,864	100
0–4	3,187,259	3,019,156	6,206,415	8.10
5–9	3,218,411	3,052,823	6,271,234	8.18
10–14	3,269,578	3,102,587	6,372,165	8.31
15–19	3,327,238	3,150,484	6,477,722	8.45
20–24	3,166,104	3,047,920	6,214,024	8.10
25–29	3,189,167	3,097,165	6,286,332	8.20
30–34	3,305,734	3,237,935	6,543,669	8.54
35–39	2,946,289	2,879,860	5,826,149	7.60
40–44	2,673,800	2,634,460	5,308,260	6.92
45–49	2,389,852	2,331,911	4,721,763	6.16
50–54	2,123,029	2,109,763	4,232,792	5.52
55–59	1,769,399	1,785,786	3,555,185	4.64
60–64	1,346,426	1,414,034	2,760,460	3.60
65–69	950,337	1,095,061	2,045,398	2.67
70–74	674,943	832,785	1,507,728	1.97
75–79	461,225	616,070	1,077,295	1.41
80–84	335,943	484,663	820,606	1.07
85–89	112,700	228,962	341,662	0.45
90+	25,926	73,079	99,005	0.13

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	9,675,248	9,174,566	18,849,814	24.59
15–64	26,237,038	25,689,318	51,926,356	67.73
65+	2,561,074	3,330,620	5,891,694	7.68

Structure of the population (31.12.2014):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	38,984,302	38,711,602	77,695,904	100
0–4	3,231,903	3,062,630	6,294,533	8.10
5–9	3,241,355	3,074,273	6,315,628	8.13
10–14	3,209,897	3,042,372	6,252,269	8.05
15–19	3,349,081	3,169,840	6,518,921	8.39
20–24	3,191,641	3,071,819	6,263,460	8.06
25–29	3,179,412	3,093,790	6,273,202	8.07
30–34	3,294,389	3,221,905	6,516,294	8.39
35–39	2,996,001	2,922,335	5,918,336	7.61
40–44	2,766,305	2,744,032	5,510,337	7.09
45–49	2,375,494	2,298,768	4,674,262	6.02
50–54	2,218,311	2,220,111	4,438,422	5.71
55–59	1,828,486	1,828,077	3,656,563	4.70
60–64	1,402,604	1,468,111	2,870,715	3.69
65–69	1,030,716	1,184,988	2,215,704	2.85
70–74	699,604	857,631	1,557,235	2.00
75–79	465,081	639,097	1,104,178	1.42
80–84	353,906	486,504	840,410	1.08
85–89	119,892	240,266	360,158	0.46
90+	30,224	85,053	106,585	0.11

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	9,683,155	9,179,275	18,862,430	24.28
15–64	26,601,724	26,038,788	52,640,512	67.75
65+	2,699,423	3,493,539	6,192,962	7.97

Structure of the population (31.12.2015) (Data based on Address Based Population Registration System.):^[12]^[13]^[14]

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	39,511,191	39,229,862	78,741,053	100
0–4	3,275,520	3,105,996	6,381,516	8.10
5–9	3,252,811	3,084,908	6,337,719	8.05
10–14	3,166,860	3,000,125	6,166,985	7.83
15–19	3,382,363	3,203,137	6,585,500	8.36
20–24	3,224,168	3,089,999	6,314,167	8.02
25–29	3,178,350	3,084,899	6,263,249	7.95
30–34	3,252,171	3,175,879	6,428,150	8.16
35–39	3,134,041	3,069,282	6,203,323	7.88
40–44	2,788,425	2,764,155	5,552,580	7.05
45–49	2,337,087	2,252,992	4,590,079	5.83
50–54	2,317,534	2,315,375	4,632,909	5.88
55–59	1,843,354	1,837,816	3,681,170	4.68
60–64	1,515,065	1,593,402	3,108,467	3.95
65–69	1,100,734	1,255,651	2,356,385	2.99
70–74	737,892	888,292	1,626,184	2.07
75–79	501,411	682,335	1,183,746	1.50
80–84	339,904	470,584	810,488	1.03
85–89	128,879	261,571	390,450	0.50
90+	34,622	93,364	127,986	0.16

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	9,695,191	9,191,029	18,886,220	23.99
15–64	26,972,558	26,387,036	53,359,594	67.77
65+	2,843,442	3,651,797	6,495,239	8.25

Structure of the population (31.12.2016):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	40,043,650	39,771,221	79,814,871	100
0–4	3,314,542	3,144,753	6,459,295	8.09
5–9	3,253,345	3,084,099	6,337,444	7.94
10–14	3,147,133	2,981,910	6,129,043	7.68
15–19	3,400,443	3,222,876	6,623,319	8.30
20–24	3,247,764	3,117,959	6,365,723	7.98
25–29	3,169,360	3,076,681	6,246,041	7.83
30–34	3,196,645	3,113,766	6,310,411	7.91
35–39	3,275,175	3,219,158	6,494,333	8.14
40–44	2,833,655	2,800,662	5,634,317	7.06
45–49	2,412,875	2,335,639	4,748,514	5.95
50–54	2,381,640	2,374,604	4,756,244	5.96
55–59	1,855,171	1,860,565	3,715,736	4.66
60–64	1,636,510	1,706,438	3,342,948	4.19
65–69	1,132,464	1,280,073	2,412,537	3.02
70–74	763,121	917,371	1,680,492	2.11
75–79	512,607	689,443	1,202,050	1.51
80–84	336,206	473,119	809,325	1.01
85–89	136,238	265,520	401,758	0.50
90+	38,756	106,585	145,341	0.18

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	9,715,020	9,210,762	18,925,782	23.71
15–64	27,409,238	26,828,348	54,237,586	67.95
65+	2,919,392	3,732,111	6,651,503	8.33

Structure of the population (31.12.2017):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	40,535,135	40,275,390	80,810,525	100
0–4	3,326,591	3,155,258	6,481,849	8.02
5–9	3,254,177	3,086,592	6,340,769	7.85
10–14	3,188,333	3,022,537	6,210,870	7.69
15–19	3,351,043	3,175,544	6,526,587	8.08
20–24	3,294,336	3,162,174	6,456,510	7.99
25–29	3,163,889	3,067,653	6,231,542	7.71
30–34	3,189,075	3,107,849	6,296,924	7.79
35–39	3,308,413	3,252,283	6,560,696	8.12
40–44	2,891,799	2,849,020	5,740,819	7.10
45–49	2,556,364	2,498,790	5,055,154	6.26
50–54	2,349,139	2,326,316	4,675,455	5.79
55–59	1,977,328	1,989,399	3,966,727	4.91
60–64	1,651,215	1,720,023	3,371,238	4.17
65–69	1,188,986	1,322,918	2,511,904	3.11
70–74	784,614	952,653	1,737,267	2.15
75–79	533,757	715,428	1,249,185	1.55
80–84	330,240	471,436	801,676	0.99
85–89	152,317	282,516	434,833	0.54
90+	43,519	117,001	160,520	0.20

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	9,769,101	9,264,387	19,033,488	23.55
15–64	27,732,601	27,149,051	54,881,652	67.91
65+	3,033,433	3,861,952	6,895,385	8.53

Structure of the population (31.12.2018):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	41,139,980	40,863,902	82,003,882	100
0–4	3,327,780	3,157,206	6,484,986	7.91
5–9	3,264,608	3,094,412	6,358,920	7.75
10–14	3,254,277	3,086,146	6,340,423	7.73
15–19	3,299,449	3,124,818	6,424,267	7.83
20–24	3,347,297	3,199,832	6,547,129	7.98
25–29	3,190,023	3,086,446	6,276,469	7.65
30–34	3,205,205	3,127,948	6,333,153	7.72
35–39	3,316,603	3,259,469	6,576,072	8.02
40–44	2,953,329	2,892,697	5,846,026	7.13
45–49	2,670,183	2,640,524	5,310,707	6.48
50–54	2,372,182	2,329,142	4,701,324	5.73
55–59	2,076,882	2,095,459	4,172,341	5.09
60–64	1,692,130	1,753,731	3,445,861	4.20
65–69	1,245,979	1,366,228	2,612,207	3.19
70–74	835,353	1,021,569	1,856,922	2.26
75–79	539,825	722,725	1,262,550	1.54
80–84	318,882	474,854	793,736	0.97
85–89	182,957	302,957	485,914	0.59
90+	47,136	127,739	174,875	0.21

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	9,846,565	9,337,764	19,184,329	23.39
15–64	28,123,283	27,510,066	55,633,349	67.84
65+	3,170,132	4,016,072	7,186,204	8.76

Structure of the population (31.12.2019):

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	41,721,136	41,433,861	83,154,997	100
0–4	3,254,719	3,090,417	6,345,136	7.63
5–9	3,316,621	3,144,418	6,461,039	7.77
10–14	3,288,207	3,117,963	6,406,170	7.70
15–19	3,254,891	3,076,703	6,331,594	7.61
20–24	3,392,374	3,231,704	6,624,078	7.97
25–29	3,240,657	3,126,654	6,367,311	7.66
30–34	3,221,381	3,141,636	6,363,017	7.65
35–39	3,324,759	3,260,084	6,584,843	7.92
40–44	3,016,898	2,950,486	5,967,384	7.18
45–49	2,772,838	2,760,721	5,533,559	6.65
50–54	2,367,577	2,307,796	4,675,373	5.62
55–59	2,178,454	2,211,543	4,389,997	5.28
60–64	1,754,500	1,800,269	3,554,769	4.27
65–69	1,301,371	1,421,301	2,722,672	3.27
70–74	907,850	1,109,063	2,016,913	2.43
75–79	560,695	747,604	1,308,299	1.57
80–84	323,732	493,998	817,730	0.98
85–89	192,938	304,472	497,410	0.60
90+	50,674	137,029	187,703	0.23

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	9,859,547	9,352,798	19,212,345	23.10
15–64	28,524,329	27,867,596	56,391,925	67.82
65+	3,337,260	4,213,467	7,550,727	9.08

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.12.2020):^[15]

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	41,915,985	41,698,377	83,614,362	100
0–4	3,140,172	2,981,535	6,121,707	7.32
5–9	3,349,253	3,177,340	6,526,593	7.81
10–14	3,294,985	3,124,952	6,419,937	7.68
15–19	3,201,588	3,028,526	6,230,114	7.45
20–24	3,408,434	3,255,202	6,663,636	7.97
25–29	3,240,543	3,130,411	6,370,954	7.62
30–34	3,199,710	3,119,184	6,318,894	7.56
35–39	3,270,512	3,203,071	6,473,583	7.74
40–44	3,145,645	3,089,465	6,235,110	7.46
45–49	2,788,035	2,775,631	5,563,666	6.65
50–54	2,325,190	2,259,442	4,584,632	5.48
55–59	2,273,088	2,304,499	4,577,587	5.47
60–64	1,764,938	1,809,456	3,574,394	4.27
65–69	1,399,052	1,539,663	2,938,715	3.51
70–74	960,742	1,170,963	2,131,705	2.55
75–79	583,671	771,675	1,355,346	1.62
80–84	339,767	521,432	861,199	1.03
85–89	177,532	289,216	466,748	0.56
90+	53,128	146,714	199,842	0.24
Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	9,784,410	9,283,827	19,068,237	22.80
15–64	28,617,683	27,974,887	56,592,570	67.68
65+	3,513,892	4,439,663	7,953,555	9.51

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.12.2021):^[15]

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	42,428,101	42,252,172	84,680,273	100
0–4	3,033,029	2,880,580	5,913,609	6.98
5–9	3,398,812	3,225,390	6,624,202	7.82
10–14	3,304,851	3,133,301	6,438,152	7.60
15–19	3,203,519	3,026,190	6,229,709	7.36
20–24	3,445,410	3,296,170	6,741,580	7.96
25–29	3,296,919	3,179,980	6,476,899	7.65
30–34	3,212,668	3,129,119	6,341,787	7.49
35–39	3,228,063	3,158,145	6,386,208	7.54
40–44	3,294,071	3,253,091	6,547,162	7.73
45–49	2,838,766	2,823,495	5,662,261	6.69
50–54	2,403,726	2,350,758	4,754,484	5.61
55–59	2,337,304	2,369,876	4,707,180	5.56
60–64	1,776,254	1,835,662	3,611 916	4.27
65–69	1,508,990	1,647,458	3,156,448	3.73
70–74	982,573	1,192,451	2,175,024	2.57
75–79	598,307	794,411	1,392,718	1.64
80–84	340,568	520,841	861,409	1.02
85–89	169,807	286,741	456,548	0.54
90+	54,464	148,513	202,977	0.24
Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	9,736,692	9,239,271	18,975,963	22.41
15–64	29,036,700	28,422,486	57,459,186	67.85
65+	3,654,709	4,590,415	8,245,124	9.74

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.12.2022):^[15]

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	42,704,112	42,575,441	85,279,553	100
0–4	2,904,379	2,759,241	5,663,620	6.64
5–9	3,404,972	3,230,105	6,635,077	7.78
10–14	3,303,371	3,133,043	6,436,414	7.55
15–19	3,244,500	3,070,609	6,315,109	7.41
20–24	3,388,724	3,245,984	6,634,708	7.78
25–29	3,334,439	3,218,730	6,553,169	7.68
30–34	3,199,028	3,116,019	6,315,047	7.41
35–39	3,215,451	3,151,290	6,366,741	7.47
40–44	3,321,873	3,284,156	6,606,029	7.75
45–49	2,893,831	2,869,703	5,763,534	6.76
50–54	2,543,588	2,511,036	5,054,624	5.93
55–59	2,305,846	2,321,295	4,627,141	5.53
60–64	1,893,862	1,962,809	3,856,671	4.52
65–69	1,523,412	1,661,877	3,185,289	3.74
70–74	1,031,897	1,232,222	2,264,119	2.65
75–79	617,021	827,777	1,444,798	1.69
80–84	353,290	540,167	893,457	1.05
85–89	165,676	284,407	450,083	0.53
90+	58,952	154,971	213,923	0.25
Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	9,612,722	9,122,389	18,735,111	21.97
15–64	29,341,142	28,751,631	58,092,773	68.12
65+	3,750,248	4,701,421	8,451,669	9.91

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.12.2023):^[15]

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	42,734,071	42,638,306	85,372,377	100
0–4	2,741,873	2,606,181	5,348,054	6.26
5–9	3,368,825	3,197,661	6,566,486	7.69
10–14	3,283,764	3,113,329	6,397,093	7.49
15–19	3,283,511	3,113,008	6,396,519	7.49
20–24	3,317,007	3,158,513	6,475,520	7.59
25–29	3,330,851	3,212,210	6,543,061	7.66
30–34	3,172,482	3,094,683	6,267,165	7.34
35–39	3,190,762	3,138,484	6,329,246	7.41
40–44	3,298,682	3,265,956	6,564,638	7.69
45–49	2,932,767	2,894,024	5,826,791	6.83
50–54	2,637,680	2,634,986	5,272,666	6.18
55–59	2,315,313	2,311,209	4,626,522	5.42
60–64	1,980,198	2,055,612	4,035,810	4.73
65–69	1,554,059	1,686,354	3,240,413	3.80
70–74	1,077,788	1,267,553	2,345,341	2.75
75–79	656,329	886,599	1,542,928	1.81
80–84	357,820	546,603	904,423	1.06
85–89	163,397	288,413	451,810	0.53
90+	70,963	166,928	237,891	0.28
Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	9,394,462	8,917,171	18,311,633	21.45
15–64	29,459,253	28,878,685	58,337,938	68.33
65+	3,880,356	4,842,450	8,722,806	10.22

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.12.2024):^[15]

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
Total	42,853,110	42,811,834	85,664,944	100
0–4	2,606,763	2,475,623	5,082,386	5.93
5–9	3,274,360	3,110,725	6,385,085	7.45
10–14	3,314,979	3,144,115	6,459,094	7.54
15–19	3,298,654	3,129,876	6,428,530	7.50
20–24	3,235,130	3,099,499	6,334,629	7.39
25–29	3,336,548	3,218,069	6,554,617	7.65
30–34	3,182,620	3,105,980	6,288,600	7.34
35–39	3,174,570	3,125,998	6,300,568	7.35
40–44	3,282,536	3,245,656	6,528,192	7.62
45–49	2,979,015	2,933,900	5,912,915	6.90
50–54	2,726,368	2,739,014	5,465,382	6.38
55–59	2,301,684	2,277,880	4,579,564	5.35
60–64	2,072,512	2,160,572	4,223,084	4.93
65–69	1,608,416	1,725,547	3,333,963	3.89
70–74	1,124,799	1,316,670	2,441,469	2.85
75–79	716,554	964,063	1,680,617	1.96
80–84	374,066	568,407	942,473	1.10
85–89	167,988	300,951	468,939	0.55
90+	75,548	169,289	244,837	0.29
Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0–14	9,196,102	8,730,463	17,926,565	20.92
15–64	29,589,637	29,036,444	58,626,081	68.44
65+	4,067,371	5,044,927	9,112,298	10.64

Vital statistics

Registered births and deaths

	Population	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death (per 1000)	Natural increase (per 1000)	Crude migration (per 1000)	Total fertility rate (TFR)
1980	44,736,957	1,106,652	130,062	976,590	24.7				3.41
1985	50,664,458	985,917	141,324	844,593	19.5				2.59
1990	56,473,035	1,179,795	150,292	1,029,503	20.9				2.65
2000	67,803,927	1,434,297	174,315	1,259,982	21.6	7.3	14.3		2.53
2001		1,323,341	175,137	1,148,204	20.3	6.9	13.4		2.38
2002		1,229,555	175,434	1,054,121	18.6	6.6	12.0		2.17
2003		1,198,927	184,330	1,014,597	17.9	6.3	11.6		2.09
2004		1,222,484	187,086	1,035,398	18.1	6.1	12.0		2.11
2005		1,244,041	197,520	1,046,521	18.2	5.9	12.3		2.12
2006		1,255,432	210,146	1,045,286	18.1	5.7	12.4		2.12
2007	70,586,256	1,289,992	212,731	1,077,261	18.4	5.6	12.8		2.16
2008	71,517,100	1,295,511	215,562	1,079,949	18.2	5.5	12.7	−2.1	2.15
2009	72,561,312	1,266,751	369,703	897,048	17.6	5.1	12.5	2.0	2.10
2010	73,722,988	1,261,169	366,471	894,698	17.2	5.0	12.2	3.6	2.08
2011	74,724,269	1,252,812	376,162	876,650	16.9	5.1	11.8	1.7	2.05
2012	75,627,384	1,294,605	376,520	918,085	17.2	5.0	12.2	−0.2	2.11
2013	76,667,864	1,297,505	373,041	924,464	17.0	4.9	12.1	1.5	2.11
2014	77,695,904	1,351,088	391,091	959,997	17.5	5.1	12.4	0.9	2.19
2015	78,741,053	1,336,908	405,528	931,380	17.1	5.2	11.9	1.4	2.16
2016	79,814,871	1,316,204	422,964	893,240	16.6	5.3	11.3	2.3	2.11
2017	80,810,525	1,300,258	426,857	873,401	16.2	5.3	10.9	1.5	2.08
2018	82,003,882	1,257,071	426,785	830,286	15.4	5.2	10.2	4.4	2.00
2019	83,154,997	1,191,709	436,624	755,085	14.4	5.3	9.1	4.8	1.89
2020	83,614,362	1,119,755	509,147	610,608	13.4	6.1	7.3	−1.8	1.77
2021	84,680,273	1,085,450	566,745	518,705	12.9	6.7	6.2	6.5	1.71
2022	85,279,553	1,040,860	505,465	535,395	12.2	5.9	6.3	0.8	1.63
2023	85,372,377	961,566	526,416	435,150	11.3	6.2	5.1	-4.0	1.51
2024	85,664,944	937,559	489,361	448,198	11.0	5.7	5.3	-1.8	1.48

Current vital statistics


Period	Live births	Deaths	Natural increase
January – December 2023	961,566	526,416	435,150
January – December 2024	937,559	489,361	448,198
Difference	-24,007 (-2.50%)	-37,055 (-7.04%)	+13,048 (+3.00%)
Source:^[16]

Birth statistics of Turkey from 2001 onward are from the Central Population Administrative System (MERNIS) database which is available online.^[17] Birth statistics are updated continually because MERNIS has dynamic structure.^[18]

In 2022 Turkey had a crude birth rate of 12.2 per 1000, in 2023 11.2, down from 20.3 in 2001. The total fertility rate (TFR) in 2022 was 1.63 children per woman, in 2023 1.51 The crude birth rate in 2023 ranged from 8.9 per 1,000 in West Marmara (TFR 1.35) (8.9;1.81 in 2023), similar to neighbouring Bulgaria, to 19.3 per 1,000 in Southeast Anatolia (TFR 2.45) (20.1;2.75 in 2023), similar to neighbouring Syria. Similarly, in 2023, the TFR ranged from 1.13 in Bartın, to 3.27 in Şanlıurfa.^[19] Death statistics from MERNIS are available as of 2009. Mortality data prior to 2009 are incomplete.

Demographic and Health Surveys

Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):^[20]

Year	CBR (Total)	TFR (Total)	CBR (Urban)	TFR (Urban)	CBR (Rural)	TFR (Rural)
1993	22.9	2.7 (1.8)	21.7	2.4 (1.7)	24.0	3.1 (2.0)
1998	23.4	2.61 (1.9)	22.8	2.39 (1.9)	24.7	3.08 (2.1)

Total fertility rate by region in Turkey by Turkish General Census (GNS) and Turkish population and health research (TNSA).^[21]

	South-East	East	Mediterranean	Black Sea	Central	Aegean	Marmara	Turkey
TNSA 1978	-	6.31	3.77	4.99	4.26	-	2.89	4.33
GNS 1980	4.61	4.64	3.50	3.65	3.76	2.81	2.73	3.41
TNSA 1993	-	4.40	2.37	3.15	2.44	-	2.03	2.65
TNSA 1998	-	4.19	2.55	2.68	2.56	-	2.03	2.61
GNS 2000	4.31	3.72	2.43	2.28	2.29	1.96	1.88	2.53
TNSA 2003	-	3.65	2.30	1.94	1.86	-	1.88	2.23

Fertility rate in Turkey as per GNS (2000) for Rural, Urban and Metropolitan areas.

	South-East	East	Mediterranean	Black Sea	Central	Aegean	Marmara	Turkey
GNS rural 2000	4.80	4.52	2.52	2.56	2.91	2.23	2.03	2.87
GNS urban 2000	4.05	3.08	2.38	2.01	2.05	1.80	1.85	2.20
GNS metropolitan 2000	3.81	2.34	2.41	1.87	1.89	1.60	1.83	2.03

UN estimates

The 2018 figures from the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs:^[22]

Period	Live births per year	Deaths per year	Natural change per year	CBR^[a]	CDR^[a]	NC^[a]	TFR^[a]	IMR^[a]
1950–1955	1,127,000	551,000	677,000	48.4	18.8	29.6	6.69	167.4
1955–1960	1,216,000	564,000	752,000	46.9	18.4	28.5	6.5	163.9
1960–1965	1,277,000	547,000	799,000	44.3	17.6	26.7	6.2	160.5
1965–1970	1,343,000	527,000	792,000	40.3	16.7	23.6	5.80	156.9
1970–1975	1,451,000	523,000	887,000	38.7	15.0	23.7	5.39	141.3
1975–1980	1,497,000	505,000	977,000	36.4	13.0	23.4	4.69	119.4
1980–1985	1,527,000	481,000	1,074,000	33.8	10.8	23.0	4.11	96.7
1985–1990	1,431,000	454,000	976,000	27.7	8.8	18.9	3.39	78.0
1990–1995	1,375,000	438,000	987,000	25.1	7.7	17.4	3.11	63.0
1995–2000	1,389,000	418,000	983,000	22.8	6.9	15.9	2.76	45.5
2000–2005	1,345,000	404,000	923,000	20.5	6.2	14.3	2.50	31.4
2005–2010	1,309,000	415,000	932,000	18.7	5.9	12.8	2.27	24.0
2010–2015	1,302,000	439,000	914,000	17.3	5.8	11.5	2.15	13.0
2015–2020	1,281,000	473,000	808,000	15.8	5.8	10.0	2.10
2020–2025	1,242,000	509,000	733,000	14.6	6.0	8.6	2.04
2025–2030	1,191,000	543,000	648,000	13.6	6.2	7.4	2.01
1 2 3 4 5 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Life expectancy

Life expectancy in Turkey according to the UN^[23]
Period	Life expectancy in Years	Period	Life expectancy in Years
1950–1955	41.01	1985–1990	63.04
1955–1960	43.69	1990–1995	65.49
1960–1965	47.22	1995–2000	68.49
1965–1970	50.78	2000–2005	71.37
1970–1975	53.75	2005–2010	73.37
1975–1980	57.05	2010–2015	74.83
1980–1985	60.22	2015–2020	77.31

by regions

region	2019				2019 →2021	2021	2021 →2022	2022				2019 →2022
region	overall	male	female	F Δ M	2019 →2021	overall	2021 →2022	overall	male	female	F Δ M	2019 →2022
Turkey on average	77.83	74.68	80.95	6.27	−1.80	76.03	2.45	78.48	75.38	81.50	6.12	0.65
East Black Sea Region	79.33	75.62	82.90	7.28	−1.84	77.49	2.49	79.98	76.33	83.45	7.12	0.65
West Anatolia Region	78.33	75.15	81.40	6.25	−1.81	76.52	2.46	78.98	75.85	81.95	6.10	0.65
Istanbul Region	78.25	75.04	81.32	6.28	−1.81	76.44	2.45	78.89	75.74	81.86	6.12	0.64
Central East Anatolia Region	77.88	74.93	80.83	5.90	−1.80	76.08	2.44	78.52	75.63	81.37	5.74	0.64
Mediterranean Region	77.77	74.88	80.69	5.81	−1.80	75.97	2.44	78.41	75.58	81.23	5.65	0.64
West Black Sea Region	77.77	74.60	81.06	6.46	−1.80	75.97	2.44	78.41	75.30	81.60	6.30	0.64
Central Anatolia Region	77.60	74.61	80.57	5.96	−1.80	75.80	2.44	78.24	75.31	81.11	5.80	0.64
Aegean Region	77.56	74.35	80.83	6.48	−1.79	75.77	2.43	78.20	75.04	81.37	6.33	0.64
Northeast Anatolia Region	77.50	74.54	80.63	6.09	−1.79	75.71	2.43	78.14	75.24	81.17	5.93	0.64
East Marmara Region	77.46	74.45	80.47	6.02	−1.79	75.67	2.43	78.10	75.15	81.01	5.86	0.64
Southeast Anatolia Region	77.44	74.10	80.64	6.54	−1.79	75.65	2.43	78.08	74.79	81.18	6.39	0.64
West Marmara Region	77.11	73.77	80.57	6.80	−1.78	75.33	2.42	77.75	74.46	81.11	6.65	0.64

Data source: Global Data Lab^[24]

Regional data

Birth and death rates

Birth and Death Rate by Region and Year

Birth Rate by Region and Year^[a]
Region	Population (2024)	Birth Rate (TFR)/2024	Birth Rate (TFR)/2023	Birth Rate (TFR)/2022	Birth Rate (TFR)/2021	Birth Rate (TFR)/2020	Birth Rate (TFR)/2019	Birth Rate (TFR)/2018	Birth Rate (TFR)/2017	Birth Rate (TFR)/2016	Birth Rate (TFR)/2015	Birth Rate (TFR)/2014	Birth Rate (TFR)/2013	Birth Rate (TFR)/2012	Birth Rate (TFR)/2011	Birth Rate (TFR)/2010	Birth Rate (TFR)/2009
Turkey	85 664 944	11.0 (1.48)	11.3 (1.51)	12.2 (1.63)	12.9 (1.71)	13.4 (1.77)	14.4 (1.89)	15.4 (2.00)	16.2 (2.08)	16.6 (2.11)	17.1 (2.16)	17.5 (2.19)	17.0 (2.11)	17.2 (2.11)	16.9 (2.05)	17.2 (2.08)	17.6 (2.10)
İstanbul	15 701 602	9.9 (1.20)	10.0 (1.21)	10.8 (1.30)	11.6 (1.39)	12.4 (1.49)	13.6 (1.61)	14.8 (1.73)	15.6 (1.80)	16.3 (1.86)	16.7 (1.88)	17.0 (1.89)	16.4 (1.81)	16.5 (1.80)	15.9 (1.72)	16.3 (1.77)	16.4 (1.77)
West Marmara	3 832 502	8.7 (1.31)	9.0 (1.35)	9.4 (1.41)	9.6 (1.43)	10.1 (1.50)	10.7 (1.57)	11.5 (1.67)	11.8 (1.70)	11.9 (1.69)	12.0 (1.69)	12.1 (1.69)	11.9 (1.64)	11.9 (1.63)	11.6 (1.57)	11.5 (1.54)	11.7 (1.54)
Aegean	10 974 357	8.7 (1.28)	9.2 (1.34)	9.8 (1.41)	10.2 (1.45)	10.7 (1.50)	11.4 (1.58)	12.2 (1.68)	12.9 (1.75)	13.2 (1.76)	13.6 (1.80)	13.8 (1.80)	13.4 (1.73)	13.7 (1.74)	13.2 (1.66)	13.3 (1.66)	13.7 (1.69)
East Marmara	8 676 119	10.0 (1.36)	10.4 (1.41)	11.1 (1.48)	11.8 (1.56)	12.2 (1.61)	13.2 (1.72)	14.2 (1.84)	14.6 (1.87)	15.0 (1.89)	15.2 (1.90)	15.3 (1.88)	14.8 (1.80)	15.0 (1.80)	14.5 (1.71)	14.8 (1.74)	15.2 (1.77)
West Anatolia	8 456 864	9.8 (1.28)	10.2 (1.34)	11.0 (1.43)	11.4 (1.48)	12.1 (1.55)	13.0 (1.66)	14.1 (1.78)	14.7 (1.84)	15.1 (1.87)	15.5 (1.90)	15.8 (1.91)	15.4 (1.85)	15.4 (1.83)	15.2 (1.79)	15.4 (1.80)	15.8 (1.83)
Mediterranean	10 936 452	10.9 (1.55)	11.1 (1.57)	12.3 (1.72)	12.8 (1.77)	13.3 (1.84)	14.3 (1.96)	15.4 (2.08)	16.3 (2.18)	17.0 (2.24)	17.5 (2.29)	18.0 (2.32)	17.6 (2.24)	17.8 (2.23)	17.3 (2.14)	17.8 (2.18)	18.3 (2.20)
Central Anatolia	4 160 359	10.2 (1.43)	10.4 (1.45)	11.4 (1.57)	11.8 (1.62)	12.4 (1.68)	13.2 (1.80)	14.1 (1.89)	14.9 (1.99)	15.4 (2.05)	15.8 (2.09)	16.4 (2.14)	16.0 (2.06)	16.3 (2.07)	16.4 (2.06)	16.7 (2.08)	17.6 (2.16)
West Black Sea	4 711 687	8.2 (1.27)	8.4 (1.28)	9.0 (1.36)	9.4 (1.42)	9.8 (1.47)	10.6 (1.57)	11.2 (1.63)	11.6 (1.67)	11.9 (1.69)	12.2 (1.73)	12.7 (1.77)	12.8 (1.76)	13.0 (1.77)	13.0 (1.74)	13.6 (1.79)	14.2 (1.84)
East Black Sea	2 707 777	8.4 (1.30)	8.8 (1.34)	9.4 (1.40)	9.8 (1.46)	10.3 (1.52)	11.0 (1.61)	11.6 (1.69)	12.0 (1.73)	12.3 (1.77)	12.5 (1.78)	12.8 (1.81)	12.8 (1.77)	13.0 (1.78)	13.1 (1.77)	13.6 (1.81)	14.1 (1.86)
Northeast Anatolia	2 140 232	13.0 (1.68)	13.7 (1.75)	15.1 (1.93)	16.5 (2.11)	17.1 (2.19)	18.4 (2.36)	19.1 (2.45)	20.6 (2.64)	21.2 (2.72)	21.7 (2.79)	22.7 (2.90)	22.4 (2.85)	22.8 (2.90)	22.9 (2.90)	23.4 (2.97)	23.1 (2.91)
Central East Anatolia	3 876 707	14.0 (1.78)	14.3 (1.81)	16.0 (2.02)	16.9 (2.12)	17.8 (2.23)	19.3 (2.43)	20.0 (2.52)	21.1 (2.65)	21.2 (2.67)	21.9 (2.75)	23.0 (2.87)	22.6 (2.82)	22.5 (2.82)	22.9 (2.85)	23.6 (2.95)	23.9 (3.00)
Southeast Anatolia	9 490 286	19.1 (2.44)	19.3 (2.46)	21.5 (2.72)	22.7 (2.87)	22.5 (2.85)	23.9 (3.03)	25.5 (3.23)	26.6 (3.36)	26.7 (3.38)	27.8 (3.52)	28.7 (3.63)	27.6 (3.48)	28.0 (3.53)	27.7 (3.48)	28.2 (3.57)	28.3 (3.59)

Death Rate by Region and Year^[a]
Region	Population (2024)	Death Rate (2024)	Death Rate (2023)	Death Rate (2022)	Death Rate (2021)	Death Rate (2020)	Death Rate (2019)	Death Rate (2018)	Death Rate (2017)	Death Rate (2016)	Death Rate (2015)	Death Rate (2014)	Death Rate (2013)	Death Rate (2012)	Death Rate (2011)	Death Rate (2010)	Death Rate (2009)
Turkey	85 664 944	5.7	6.2	5.9	6.7	6.1	5.3	5.2	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.1	4.9	5.0	5.1	5.0	5.1
İstanbul	15 701 602	4.5	4.4	4.7	5.4	4.9	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.1	3.9	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.2
West Marmara	3 832 502	8.4	8.3	9.0	9.8	8.1	7.7	7.8	7.8	7.7	7.8	7.5	7.1	7.3	7.3	7.3	7.3
Aegean	10 974 357	7.3	7.1	7.7	8.2	7.5	6.7	6.6	6.6	6.6	6.4	6.1	5.9	6.2	6.2	5.9	6.0
East Marmara	8 676 119	6.1	5.9	6.4	7.3	6.3	5.6	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.5	5.4	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.6
West Anatolia	8 456 864	5.3	5.4	5.5	6.2	6.1	5.0	5.0	5.0	4.9	4.7	4.7	4.5	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.8
Mediterranean	10 936 452	5.6	8.5	5.7	6.5	5.8	5.0	4.9	4.9	5.0	4.8	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5
Central Anatolia	4 160 359	6.5	6.3	6.7	7.8	7.1	5.9	5.9	6.1	6.1	5.9	5.8	5.5	5.5	5.7	5.5	5.7
West Black Sea	4 711 687	8.1	8.1	8.8	9.9	8.5	7.6	7.6	7.6	7.6	7.4	7.3	6.9	7.0	7.0	6.8	7.0
East Black Sea	2 707 777	7.8	7.6	8.7	9.6	8.0	7.2	7.0	7.3	7.0	6.9	6.8	6.3	6.5	6.5	6.2	6.4
Northeast Anatolia	2 140 232	5.1	4.9	5.2	6.1	5.7	4.9	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	4.9	4.8	5.0	5.4	5.0	5.1
Central East Anatolia	3 876 707	4.2	4.5	4.3	5.2	5.1	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.5	4.4	4.5
Southeast Anatolia	9 490 286	3.5	4.9	3.5	4.3	4.2	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.8

Regional births and deaths

Absolute Births and Deaths by Region and Year

Absolute Births by Region and Year^[a]
Region	Population (2024)	Births (2024)	Births (2023)	Births (2022)	Births (2021)	Births (2020)	Births (2019)	Births (2018)	Births (2017)	Births (2016)	Births (2015)	Births (2014)	Births (2013)	Births (2012)	Births (2011)	Births (2010)	Births (2009)	Births (2008)	Births (2007)	Births (2006)	Births (2005)	Births (2004)	Births (2003)	Births (2002)	Births (2001)	Births (2000)	Births (1990)	Births (1985)	Births (1980)
Turkey	85 664 944	937,559	961,566	1,040,860	1,085,450	1,119,755	1,191,709	1,257,071	1,300,258	1,316,204	1,336,908	1,351,088	1,297,505	1,294,605	1,252,812	1,261,169	1,266,751	1,295,511	1,289,992	1,255,432	1,244,041	1,222,484	1,198,927	1,229,555	1,323,341	1,434,297	1,179,795	985,917	1,106,652
İstanbul	15 701 602	154,550	157,378	171,187	181,197	192,857	208,685	223,223	233,220	240,027	242,888	242,397	229,390	226,594	213,441	213,821	210,441	226,109	222,060	207,872	205,241	197,065	187,823	182,003	188,549	190,569	136,654	99,701	108,256
West Marmara	3 832 502	33,067	33,872	34,909	35,104	36,554	38,191	40,590	40,933	40,495	40,391	40,138	38,806	38,517	37,058	36,284	36,400	36,411	36,643	35,651	35,155	34,312	33,156	33,733	36,988	40,739	40,685	33,838	42,280
Aegean	10 974 357	95,526	100,629	106,687	109,755	113,681	120,198	127,652	132,868	134,176	137,187	137,438	132,299	133,419	127,833	128,112	129,927	135,479	135,506	129,660	127,627	124,388	119,110	120,964	133,182	153,782	135,270	109,981	130,742
East Marmara	8 676 119	86,390	89,353	93,615	97,746	100,069	106,173	112,197	113,462	113,585	112,635	111,115	105,761	105,203	99,704	100,386	100,928	101,848	99,483	93,125	90,140	88,121	85,016	87,245	95,562	100,858	83,098	68,201	82,368
West Anatolia	8 456 864	82,300	85,592	91,109	93,960	98,268	104,723	111,434	115,079	116,456	117,694	117,405	112,593	111,279	108,026	106,921	107,734	115,491	114,063	108,092	106,790	102,151	99,888	100,871	107,714	129,668	103,704	95,250	108,698
Mediterranean	10 936 452	118,218	121,634	134,792	138,397	142,755	151,165	159,781	166,815	171,561	174,874	177,272	170,686	169,985	163,817	166,123	167,506	173,576	170,512	165,986	162,685	155,983	153,491	154,160	168,391	189,480	151,932	125,978	129,129
Central Anatolia	4 160 359	42,414	43,314	46,952	48,417	50,458	53,929	56,569	58,933	60,381	61,569	63,446	61,669	62,634	62,989	64,216	67,174	67,033	68,239	68,476	68,020	67,929	67,222	71,697	79,713	92,958	81,108	72,250	80,043
West Black Sea	4 711 687	38,651	39,340	41,949	43,955	45,809	49,629	51,719	52,779	53,722	54,995	57,099	57,369	58,377	58,511	61,393	63,972	63,456	64,389	63,668	65,659	68,199	69,885	76,942	86,266	97,317	102,553	98,681	123,940
East Black Sea	2 707 777	22,920	23,993	25,181	26,256	27,717	29,658	31,024	31,556	32,092	32,144	32,817	32,558	32,774	32,836	34,272	35,565	34,101	34,534	34,157	34,216	36,354	38,340	42,090	46,843	59,019	54,769	56,357	66,438
Northeast Anatolia	2 140 232	28,096	29,531	32,755	36,047	37,601	40,651	41,932	45,262	46,609	47,720	49,996	49,605	50,781	50,779	51,578	50,778	47,677	49,640	51,435	52,908	54,722	56,050	59,391	63,135	66,930	55,361	52,459	59,162
Central East Anatolia	3 876 707	54,497	56,013	63,110	66,513	70,108	75,817	77,904	81,133	81,298	83,682	87,027	84,963	84,018	84,344	86,055	86,812	84,725	86,348	87,951	88,721	92,235	90,526	94,643	100,609	103,527	83,728	69,480	75,411
Southeast Anatolia	9 490 286	180,930	180,917	198,614	208,103	203,878	212,890	223,029	228,218	225,802	231,129	234,938	221,806	221,024	213,474	212,008	209,514	209,605	208,575	209,359	206,879	201,025	198,420	205,816	216,389	207,810	149,333	102,931	100,185

Absolute Deaths by Region and Year^[a]
Region	Population (2024)	Deaths (2024)	Deaths (2023)	Deaths (2022)	Deaths (2021)	Deaths (2020)	Deaths (2019)	Deaths (2018)	Deaths (2017)	Deaths (2016)	Deaths (2015)	Deaths (2014)	Deaths (2013)	Deaths (2012)	Deaths (2011)	Deaths (2010)	Deaths (2009)	Deaths (2008)	Deaths (2007)	Deaths (2006)	Deaths (2005)	Deaths (2004)	Deaths (2003)	Deaths (2002)	Deaths (2001)	Deaths (2000)	Deaths (1990)	Deaths (1985)	Deaths (1980)
Turkey	85 664 944	489,361	526,416	505,465	566,745	509,147	436,624	426,785	426,857	422,964	405,528	391,091	373,041	376,520	376,162	366,471	369,703	215,562	212,731	210,146	197,520	187,086	184,330	175,434	175,137	174,315	150,292	141,324	130,062
İstanbul	15 701 602	71,248	70,020	73,888	84,288	76,421	63,486	62,594	63,389	62,572	60,093	58,009	54,770	54,696	53,165	52,812	53,761	50,403	50,830	50,436	49,621	41,161	38,732	34,378	38,242	38,600	38,862	32,551	32,395
West Marmara	3 832 502	32,191	31,194	33,335	35,757	29,389	27,589	27,456	27,222	26,416	26,145	24,864	23,229	23,496	23,167	23,007	22,687	9,703	9,217	9,231	8,554	8,635	8,616	8,117	7,828	8,033	6,593	6,854	5,763
Aegean	10 974 357	80,310	78,053	83,188	87,919	79,807	71,047	68,644	68,480	67,699	64,844	61,126	57,651	60,234	59,623	56,658	57,068	31,568	31,657	32,125	29,582	30,065	29,600	28,865	27,675	28,093	23,088	22,497	17,114
East Marmara	8 676 119	52,303	50,468	53,665	60,306	51,540	45,264	44,858	44,254	43,628	41,991	40,007	38,291	38,220	38,094	37,526	37,379	24,484	24,165	24,265	19,707	19,578	19,354	19,505	18,815	18,164	14,944	13,387	12,015
West Anatolia	8 456 864	44,666	44,772	45,827	51,281	50,005	39,814	39,382	38,917	37,765	35,814	34,589	33,219	33,369	33,097	32,270	32,976	26,773	26,777	26,560	25,700	25,191	24,898	23,935	23,768	23,308	18,521	18,159	19,339
Mediterranean	10 936 452	61,181	92,765	62,717	69,866	61,599	52,801	50,776	50,548	50,229	47,411	45,439	43,949	43,404	42,900	41,834	41,264	22,845	22,646	21,508	20,457	19,968	20,103	19,136	18,427	18,692	14,578	14,210	12,150
Central Anatolia	4 160 359	26,971	26,323	27,487	31,871	28,805	24,198	23,890	24,009	23,914	23,086	22,379	21,238	21,049	21,873	21,299	21,582	9,628	9,265	8,875	8,608	8,531	8,729	8,284	7,937	7,851	6,408	6,350	5,396
West Black Sea	4 711 687	38,454	38,231	40,948	46,107	39,596	35,366	34,984	34,756	34,359	33,355	32,772	31,011	31,476	31,651	30,541	31,279	12,351	11,562	11,742	11,122	10,575	10,872	10,575	10,046	9,673	9,190	9,160	8,204
East Black Sea	2 707 777	21,240	20,733	23,375	25,909	21,344	19,345	18,606	19,186	18,339	17,672	17,292	15,996	16,504	16,266	15,574	16,158	5,197	4,625	4,614	4,312	4,464	4,567	4,181	4,147	3,777	3,008	3,210	1,929
Northeast Anatolia	2 140 232	11,076	10,707	11,358	13,381	12,568	10,779	10,900	10,930	11,020	11,013	10,787	10,667	11,052	11,870	10,955	11,154	3,675	3,573	3,298	3,198	3,296	3,276	3,100	2,985	3,081	2,176	3,146	2,763
Central East Anatolia	3 876 707	16,279	17,572	16,990	20,482	19,989	15,969	15,530	16,132	16,132	15,685	15,441	15,430	15,419	16,551	16,114	16,491	6,093	5,817	5,633	5,511	5,140	5,035	5,160	5,030	4,814	4,054	3,802	3,154
Southeast Anatolia	9 490 286	33,442	45,578	32,687	39,578	38,084	30,966	29,165	29,034	30,891	28,419	28,386	27,590	27,601	27,905	27,881	27,904	12,842	12,597	11,859	11,148	10,482	10,548	10,198	10,237	10,229	8,870	7,998	9,840

Regional natural increase

Natural Increase by Region and Year

Natural Increase by Region and Year^[a]
Region	Population (2024)	Natural Increase (2024)	Natural Increase (2023)	Natural Increase (2022)	Natural Increase (2021)	Natural Increase (2020)	Natural Increase (2019)	Natural Increase (2018)	Natural Increase (2017)	Natural Increase (2016)	Natural Increase (2015)	Natural Increase (2014)	Natural Increase (2013)	Natural Increase (2012)	Natural Increase (2011)	Natural Increase (2010)	Natural Increase (2009)
Turkey	85 664 944	448 198/5.3	435 150/5.1	535 395/6.3	518 705/6.2	610 608/7.3	755 085/9.1	830 286/10.2	873 401/10.9	893 240/11.3	931 380/11.9	959 997/12.4	924 464/12.1	918 085/12.2	876 650/11.8	894 698/12.2	897 048/12.5
İstanbul	15 701 602	83 302/5.4	87 358/5.6	97 299/6.1	96 909/6.2	116 436/7.5	145 119/9.4	160 629/10.6	169 831/11.4	177 455/12.0	182 795/12.6	184 388/12.9	174 620/12.5	171 898/12.5	160 276/11.9	161 009/12.3	156 680/12.2
West Marmara	3 832 502	876/0.3	2 678/0.7	1 574/0.4	−653/−0.2	7 165/2.0	10 602/3.0	13 151/3.7	13 711/4.0	14 079/4.2	14 246/4.2	15 274/4.6	15 577/4.8	15 021/4.6	13 891/4.3	13 277/4.2	13 713/4.4
Aegean	10 974 357	15 216/1.4	22 576/2.1	23 499/2.1	21 836/2.0	33 874/3.2	49 151/4.7	59 008/5.6	64 388/6.3	66 477/6.6	72 343/7.2	76 312/7.7	74 648/7.5	73 185/7.5	68 210/7.0	71 454/7.4	72 859/7.7
East Marmara	8 676 119	34 087/3.9	38 885/4.5	39 950/4.7	37 440/4.5	48 529/5.9	60 909/7.6	67 339/8.5	69 208/8.9	69 957/9.3	70 644/9.5	71 108/9.8	67 470/9.4	66 983/9.5	61 610/9.0	62 860/9.3	63 549/9.6
West Anatolia	8 456 864	37 634/4.5	40 820/4.8	45 282/5.5	42 679/5.2	48 263/6.0	64 909/8.0	72 052/9.1	76 162/9.7	78 691/10.2	81 880/10.8	82 816/11.1	79 374/10.9	77 910/10.8	74 929/10.5	74 651/10.8	74 758/11.0
Mediterranean	10 936 452	57 037/5.3	28 869/2.6	72 075/6.6	68 531/6.3	81 156/7.5	98 364/9.3	109 005/10.5	116 267/11.4	121 332/12.0	127 463/12.7	131 833/13.4	126 737/13.1	126 581/13.3	120 917/12.8	124 289/13.3	126 242/13.8
Central Anatolia	4 160 359	15 443/3.7	16 991/4.1	19 465/4.7	16 546/4.0	21 653/5.3	29 731/7.3	32 679/8.2	34 924/8.8	36 467/9.3	38 483/9.9	41 067/10.6	40 431/10.5	41 585/10.8	41 116/10.7	42 917/11.2	45 592/11.9
West Black Sea	4 711 687	197/0.1	1 109/0.3	1 001/0.2	−2 152/−0.5	6 213/1.3	14 263/3.0	16 735/3.6	18 023/4.0	19 363/4.3	21 640/4.8	24 327/5.4	26 358/5.9	26 901/6.0	26 860/6.0	30 852/6.8	32 693/7.2
East Black Sea	2 707 777	1 680/0.6	3 260/1.2	1 806/0.7	347/0.2	6 373/2.3	10 313/3.8	12 418/4.6	12 370/4.7	13 753/5.3	14 472/5.6	15 525/6.0	16 562/6.5	16 270/6.5	16 570/6.6	18 698/7.4	19 407/7.7
Northeast Anatolia	2 140 232	17 020/7.9	18 824/8.8	21 397/9.9	22 666/10.4	25 033/11.4	29 872/13.5	31 032/14.1	34 332/15.6	35 589/16.2	36 707/16.7	39 209/17.8	38 938/17.6	39 729/17.8	38 909/17.5	40 623/18.4	39 624/18.0
Central East Anatolia	3 876 707	38 218/9.8	38 441/9.8	46 120/11.7	46 031/11.7	50 119/12.7	59 848/15.2	62 374/16.0	65 001/16.9	65 166/17.0	67 997/17.8	71 586/18.9	69 533/18.5	68 599/18.4	67 793/18.4	69 941/19.2	70 321/19.4
Southeast Anatolia	9 490 286	147 488/15.6	135 339/14.4	165 927/18.0	168 525/18.4	165 794/18.3	181 924/20.4	193 864/22.2	199 184/23.2	194 911/23.0	202 710/24.4	206 552/25.2	194 216/24.2	193 423/24.5	185 569/24.1	184 127/24.5	181 610/24.5

Regional total fertility rate (TFR)

Total fertility rate (TFR) by province and year

Figures from Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat):^[25]

Province	Population (2024)^[26]	TFR (1980)^[27]	TFR (1985)	TFR (1990)^[28]	TFR (2000)^[29]	TFR (2009)	TFR (2010)	TFR (2011)	TFR (2012)	TFR (2013)	TFR (2014)	TFR (2015)	TFR (2016)	TFR (2017)	TFR (2018)	TFR (2019)	TFR (2020)	TFR (2021)	TFR (2022)	TFR (2023)	TFR (2024)
Turkey	85 664 944	3.41	2.59	2.65	2.53	2.10	2.08	2.05	2.11	2.11	2.19	2.16	2.11	2.08	2.00	1.89	1.77	1.71	1.63	1.51	1.48
İstanbul	15 701 602	2.69	1.96	2.08	1.97	1.77	1.77	1.72	1.80	1.81	1.89	1.88	1.86	1.80	1.73	1.61	1.49	1.39	1.30	1.21	1.20
West Marmara	3 832 502					1.54	1.54	1.57	1.63	1.64	1.69	1.69	1.69	1.70	1.67	1.57	1.50	1.43	1.41	1.35	1.31
Tekirdağ	1 187 162	2.64	1.76	2.09	1.83	1.69	1.67	1.72	1.79	1.82	1.88	1.94	1.93	1.94	1.93	1.78	1.65	1.59	1.53	1.46	1.42
Edirne	421 247	2.41	1.80	1.82	1.66	1.43	1.39	1.45	1.51	1.49	1.46	1.54	1.49	1.47	1.44	1.34	1.35	1.31	1.31	1.23	1.22
Kırklareli	379 031	2.75	1.84	1.94	1.70	1.38	1.39	1.35	1.45	1.45	1.56	1.56	1.49	1.54	1.49	1.44	1.40	1.30	1.31	1.25	1.21
Balıkesir	1 276 096	2.42	1.87	2.09	1.95	1.53	1.56	1.58	1.62	1.66	1.72	1.66	1.67	1.67	1.63	1.54	1.49	1.42	1.42	1.36	1.32
Çanakkale	568 966	2.53	1.64	1.91	1.68	1.50	1.44	1.53	1.58	1.52	1.57	1.55	1.56	1.58	1.57	1.47	1.40	1.32	1.28	1.30	1.22
Aegean	10 974 357	2.81			1.96	1.69	1.66	1.66	1.74	1.73	1.80	1.80	1.76	1.75	1.68	1.58	1.50	1.45	1.41	1.34	1.28
İzmir	4 493 242	2.52	1.85	2.00	1.75	1.57	1.54	1.56	1.66	1.64	1.72	1.73	1.69	1.67	1.60	1.49	1.40	1.36	1.32	1.23	1.17
Aydın	1 165 943	2.62	2.00	2.13	2.12	1.74	1.71	1.69	1.82	1.79	1.84	1.86	1.83	1.88	1.79	1.68	1.58	1.55	1.49	1.42	1.37
Denizli	1 061 371	2.95	2.23	2.32	2.19	1.73	1.66	1.70	1.74	1.76	1.87	1.86	1.81	1.80	1.72	1.62	1.56	1.50	1.48	1.41	1.35
Muğla	1 081 867	2.65	1.96	2.04	1.94	1.71	1.70	1.67	1.76	1.73	1.76	1.77	1.74	1.71	1.66	1.55	1.50	1.44	1.35	1.29	1.23
Manisa	1 475 353	2.82	2.02	2.24	2.14	1.78	1.77	1.79	1.86	1.89	1.94	1.93	1.91	1.87	1.84	1.75	1.69	1.64	1.62	1.57	1.48
Afyonkarahisar	750 193	3.74	2.21	2.51	2.82	2.06	2.01	2.01	2.03	1.98	2.09	2.08	2.01	1.97	1.89	1.84	1.75	1.67	1.62	1.54	1.47
Kütahya	571 078	3.10	2.17	2.29	2.19	1.55	1.60	1.53	1.55	1.52	1.58	1.59	1.52	1.51	1.43	1.34	1.32	1.21	1.18	1.16	1.24
Uşak	375 310	3.18	2.20	2.23	2.18	1.64	1.67	1.64	1.74	1.76	1.80	1.75	1.69	1.70	1.60	1.51	1.45	1.38	1.39	1.33	1.24
East Marmara	8 676 119					1.77	1.74	1.71	1.80	1.80	1.88	1.90	1.89	1.87	1.84	1.72	1.61	1.56	1.48	1.41	1.36
Bursa	3 238 618	2.86	2.05	2.03	1.98	1.78	1.77	1.73	1.85	1.85	1.90	1.92	1.91	1.89	1.87	1.75	1.65	1.57	1.48	1.41	1.37
Eskişehir	921 630	2.74	2.03	1.96	1.74	1.40	1.38	1.38	1.46	1.48	1.57	1.56	1.54	1.55	1.50	1.41	1.35	1.35	1.30	1.20	1.12
Bilecik	228 495	2.87	2.13	2.05	1.98	1.71	1.67	1.63	1.75	1.77	1.78	1.72	1.74	1.70	1.69	1.62	1.50	1.45	1.40	1.39	1.37
Kocaeli	2 130 006	3.23	2.16	2.31	2.13	1.90	1.87	1.82	1.91	1.91	2.04	2.07	2.05	2.02	1.97	1.86	1.70	1.66	1.58	1.49	1.42
Sakarya	1 110 735	3.29	2.02	2.35	2,23	1.87	1.82	1.78	1.85	1.83	1.91	1.94	1.95	1.95	1.95	1.81	1.69	1.68	1.56	1.53	1.44
Düzce	412 344	not a province	not a province	not a province	2.18	1.87	1.83	1.82	1.81	1.87	1.90	1.86	1.90	1.84	1.78	1.72	1.60	1.50	1.49	1.43	1.43
Bolu	326 409	3.34	2.28	2.40	1.93	1.60	1.57	1.64	1.59	1.64	1.66	1.60	1.62	1.57	1.52	1.47	1.36	1.37	1.32	1.24	1.27
Yalova	307 882	not a province	not a province	not a province	1.93	1.78	1.64	1.62	1.72	1.69	1.81	1.79	1.89	1.83	1.76	1.66	1.50	1.48	1.40	1.32	1.36
West Anatolia	8 456 864					1.83	1.80	1.79	1.83	1.85	1.91	1.90	1.87	1.84	1.78	1.66	1.55	1.48	1.43	1.34	1.28
Ankara	5 864 049	2.83	2.04	2.07	1.90	1.68	1.66	1.65	1.68	1.71	1.77	1.77	1.74	1.72	1.65	1.54	1.42	1.34	1.29	1.21	1.15
Konya	2 330 024	3.57	2.70	2.64	3.00	2.14	2.12	2.13	2.18	2.18	2.26	2.21	2.19	2.13	2.08	1.95	1.85	1.81	1.76	1.65	1.59
Karaman	262 791	not a province	not a province	2.86	2.77	2.15	1.95	1.98	2.02	2.09	2.05	2.13	2.10	2.07	1.95	1.85	1.78	1.66	1.61	1.51	1.42
Mediterranean	10 936 452	3.50		2.37	2.43	2.20	2.18	2.14	2.23	2.24	2.32	2.29	2.24	2.18	2.08	1.96	1.84	1.77	1.72	1.57	1.55
Antalya	2 722 103	2.98	2.06	2.19	1.93	1.91	1.87	1.84	1.93	1.91	1.96	1.99	1.94	1.84	1.76	1.64	1.55	1.48	1.38	1.31	1.25
Isparta	446 409	2.77	2.11	2.02	2.04	1.76	1.66	1.66	1.72	1.71	1.76	1.73	1.72	1.78	1.64	1.56	1.46	1.43	1.39	1.34	1.28
Burdur	275 826	3.03	1.88	2.10	2.12	1.74	1.73	1.68	1.66	1.68	1.79	1.79	1.74	1.67	1.58	1.50	1.42	1.37	1.37	1.37	1.35
Adana	2 280 484	3.32	3.03	3.00	2.68	2.18	2.14	2.12	2.21	2.25	2.34	2.33	2.26	2.23	2.13	2.02	1.88	1.83	1.83	1.69	1.64
Mersin	1 954 279	3.54	2.55	2.60	2.38	2.03	2.04	2.00	2.12	2.12	2.21	2.17	2.15	2.09	2.03	1.87	1.78	1.72	1.69	1.56	1.52
Hatay	1 562 185	4.46	3.36	3.16	2.97	2.57	2.54	2.51	2.63	2.63	2.82	2.75	2.70	2.61	2.51	2.39	2.21	2.15	2.06	1.79	1.86
Kahramanmaraş	1 134 105	3.96	3.59	3.19	3.54	2.70	2.68	2.66	2.68	2.74	2.74	2.64	2.61	2.55	2.40	2.24	2.12	2.00	1.95	1.72	1.78
Osmaniye	561 061	not a province	not a province	not a province	2.95	2.55	2.57	2.40	2.51	2.51	2.59	2.50	2.43	2.40	2.27	2.22	2.04	1.93	1.99	1.82	1.83
Central Anatolia	4 160 359					2.16	2.08	2.06	2.07	2.06	2.14	2.09	2.05	1.99	1.89	1.80	1.68	1.62	1.57	1.45	1.43
Kırıkkale	283 053	not a province	not a province	2.30	2.39	1.77	1.70	1.60	1.59	1.65	1.69	1.72	1.70	1.69	1.60	1.54	1.43	1.39	1.33	1.24	1.24
Aksaray	439 474	not a province	not a province	2.99	2.85	2.42	2.35	2.34	2.30	2.30	2.36	2.31	2.24	2.20	2.14	2.01	1.94	1.87	1.85	1.71	1.65
Niğde	372 708	4.50	3.22	3.21	2.98	2.40	2.28	2.23	2.32	2.25	2.33	2.19	2.20	2.08	2.00	1.93	1.77	1.73	1.69	1.59	1.54
Nevşehir	317.952	3.55	2.62	2.34	2.55	2.10	1.98	1.97	1.98	1.95	2.10	1.98	1.94	1.88	1.79	1.68	1.63	1.58	1.52	1.41	1.39
Kırşehir	244 546	3.65	2.67	2.28	2.40	1.72	1.69	1.69	1.75	1.78	1.86	1.82	1.79	1.77	1.73	1.66	1.49	1.40	1.38	1.29	1.34
Kayseri	1 452 458	3.73	2.97	2.61	2.62	2.21	2.14	2.16	2.18	2.17	2.25	2.20	2.14	2.04	1.97	1.86	1.72	1.66	1.61	1.47	1.46
Sivas	637 007	3.62	3.29	2.82	2.76	2.07	2.02	1.99	1.99	1.94	1.99	1.98	1.96	1.94	1.78	1.73	1.64	1.56	1.46	1.38	1.35
Yozgat	413 161	3.66	2.96	2.99	2.84	2.25	2.07	2.04	2.03	1.98	2.08	2.09	2.01	1.99	1.84	1.73	1.64	1.55	1.50	1.39	1.37
West Black Sea	4 711 687					1.84	1.79	1.74	1.77	1.76	1.77	1.73	1.69	1.67	1.63	1.57	1.47	1.42	1.36	1.28	1.27
Zonguldak	586 802	4.02	2.59	2.31	1.93	1.71	1.65	1.58	1.62	1.59	1.60	1.56	1.50	1.49	1.43	1.39	1.31	1.27	1.19	1.14	1.15
Karabük	250 478	not a province	not a province	not a province	1.99	1.67	1.60	1.62	1.54	1.59	1.56	1.57	1.46	1.51	1.49	1.42	1.29	1.33	1.22	1.14	1.20
Bartın	206 715	not a province	not a province	2.31	2.11	1.68	1.67	1.61	1.50	1.57	1.69	1.59	1.55	1.45	1.48	1.43	1.38	1.25	1.26	1.13	1.12
Kastamonu	381 991	3.44	2.47	2.65	2.18	1.70	1.69	1.64	1.69	1.68	1.59	1.63	1.59	1.51	1.54	1.48	1.41	1.39	1.40	1.28	1.32
Çankırı	199 981	4.07	2.81	2.61	2.27	1.97	1.93	1.91	1.84	1.78	1.87	1.79	1.84	1.76	1.69	1.69	1.67	1.69	1.51	1.43	1.37
Sinop	226 957	4.35	3.39	3.38	2.48	1.91	1.81	1.77	1.84	1.75	1.79	1.73	1.71	1.71	1.62	1.62	1.57	1.47	1.41	1.31	1.30
Samsun	1 382 376	3.73	2.71	2.73	2.55	1.87	1.81	1.77	1.83	1.83	1.85	1.82	1.80	1.78	1.75	1.65	1.51	1.43	1.38	1.33	1.33
Tokat	612 674	3.71	3.15	2.93	3.06	1.95	1.92	1.83	1.79	1.82	1.83	1.74	1.70	1.67	1.64	1.61	1.47	1.43	1.40	1.35	1.29
Çorum	521 335	4.05	2.92	3.06	2.66	1.93	1.90	1.86	1.96	1.89	1.97	1.85	1.87	1.80	1.74	1.69	1.58	1.52	1.45	1.33	1.30
Amasya	342 378	3.91	2.38	2.55	2.34	1.80	1.75	1.71	1.75	1.78	1.75	1.80	1.70	1.72	1.66	1.60	1.48	1.46	1.39	1.31	1.22
East Black Sea	2 707 777					1.86	1.81	1.77	1.78	1.77	1.81	1.78	1.77	1.73	1.69	1.61	1.52	1.46	1.40	1.34	1.30
Trabzon	822 270	3.25	2.41	2.23	2.10	1.87	1.82	1.78	1.80	1.79	1.84	1.86	1.85	1.82	1.80	1.68	1.56	1.53	1.43	1.39	1.32
Ordu	770 711	3.36	2.56	2.60	2.81	1.94	1.89	1.84	1.86	1.85	1.89	1.83	1.84	1.81	1.73	1.67	1.56	1.44	1.44	1.35	1.32
Giresun	455 922	4.03	2.78	2.58	2.31	1.74	1.74	1.65	1.66	1.64	1.65	1.64	1.57	1.56	1.55	1.49	1.41	1.34	1.32	1.28	1.24
Rize	346 977	3.48	2.32	2.33	2.01	1.80	1.76	1.75	1.73	1.80	1.79	1.79	1.80	1.76	1.77	1.66	1.57	1.53	1.41	1.40	1.32
Artvin	169 280	3.36	2.80	2.59	2.24	1.73	1.72	1.67	1.78	1.73	1.78	1.74	1.77	1.73	1.65	1.60	1.58	1.40	1.40	1.29	1.26
Gümüşhane	142 617	3.63	3.48	2.98	2.92	2.09	1.88	1.89	1.84	1.84	1.84	1.73	1.62	1.38	1.34	1.36	1.40	1.37	1.33	1.24	1.30
Northeast Anatolia	2 140 232					2.91	2.97	2.90	2.90	2.85	2.90	2.79	2.72	2.64	2.45	2.36	2.19	2.11	1.93	1.75	1.68
Erzurum	745 005	4.42	3.90	3.59	3.51	2.51	2.49	2.50	2.50	2.49	2.60	2.52	2.45	2.41	2.24	2.16	2.02	1.95	1.80	1.68	1.56
Erzincan	241 239	3.92	2.65	2.12	2.54	1.82	1.82	1.91	1.88	1.90	1.82	1.82	1.89	1.73	1.64	1.65	1.53	1.58	1.39	1.34	1.35
Bayburt	83 676	not a province	not a province	2.97	3.29	2.38	2.31	2.16	2.30	2.13	2.18	2.09	1.96	1.83	1.84	1.71	1.61	1.60	1.42	1.35	1.30
Ağrı	499 801	4.97	4.42	5.31	5.49	4.22	4.38	4.13	4.11	4.01	4.04	3.84	3.73	3.63	3.29	3.19	2.89	2.74	2.52	2.20	2.16
Kars	272 300	4.91	3.84	3.64	3.76	2.90	3.05	2.88	2.92	2.74	2.75	2.64	2.59	2.54	2.35	2.25	2.11	1.98	1.86	1.68	1.60
Iğdır	206 857	not a province	not a province	3.64	4.17	3.06	3.16	3.12	3.10	3.21	3.19	3.05	2.98	2.82	2.70	2.57	2.28	2.22	2.01	1.79	1.69
Ardahan	91 354	not a province	not a province	3.64	2.95	2.35	2.25	2.25	2.21	2.11	2.24	2.17	2.01	2.05	1.91	1.88	1.75	1.82	1.64	1.46	1.45
Central East Anatolia	3 876 707					3.00	2.95	2.85	2.82	2.82	2.87	2.75	2.67	2.65	2.52	2.43	2.23	2.12	2.02	1.81	1.78
Malatya	750 491	3.66	3.12	2.59	2.56	2.08	2.06	1.99	1.99	1.96	2.05	2.01	1.99	1.99	1.90	1.81	1.66	1.64	1.59	1.38	1.44
Elazığ	603 941	3.92	2.56	2.61	2.52	2.02	1.98	1.98	1.97	1.93	2.04	1.99	1.96	1.96	1.86	1.79	1.72	1.60	1.52	1.43	1.41
Bingöl	283 276	5.57	4.49	4.57	3.56	2.56	2.55	2.52	2.49	2.49	2.63	2.42	2.44	2.39	2.37	2.27	2.11	2.00	1.82	1.67	1.61
Tunceli	86 612	4.87	3.91	2.91	1.90	1.56	1.47	1.50	1.53	1.55	1.62	1.69	1.58	1.56	1.64	1.69	1.58	1.49	1.41	1.31	1.26
Van	1 118 087	5.17	4.91	5.53	6.00	3.93	3.84	3.66	3.58	3.64	3.54	3.37	3.20	3.15	2.96	2.85	2.56	2.35	2.29	2.03	1.98
Muş	392 301	5.52	4.18	5.36	4.18	3.93	3.94	3.66	3.65	3.59	3.71	3.49	3.37	3.42	3.25	3.17	2.86	2.78	2.54	2.25	2.23
Bitlis	359 808	6.01	4.95	5.92	5.03	3.80	3.71	3.52	3.49	3.44	3.47	3.40	3.30	3.23	3.07	2.90	2.70	2.65	2.49	2.21	2.15
Hakkâri	282 191	4.91	5.69	7.41	6.69	3.35	3.18	3.14	2.99	3.01	3.03	2.76	2.60	2.58	2.43	2.38	2.19	2.07	2.02	1.90	1.74
Southeast Anatolia	9 490 286	4.61		4.37	4.31	3.59	3.57	3.48	3.53	3.48	3.63	3.52	3.38	3.36	3.23	3.03	2.85	2.87	2.72	2.46	2.44
Gaziantep	2 193 363	4.43	3.83	3.63	3.83	3.15	3.07	3.04	3.15	3.17	3.28	3.19	3.06	2.94	2.86	2.63	2.48	2.49	2.40	2.11	2.11
Adıyaman	611 037	5.55	3.80	4.72	3.66	2.76	2.79	2.77	2.79	2.75	2.90	2.87	2.78	2.79	2.69	2.56	2.37	2.37	2.25	1.94	1.97
Kilis	156 739	not a province	not a province	not a province	3.54	2.93	3.01	2.83	2.99	2.96	3.13	3.03	2.87	2.84	2.76	2.57	2.49	2.48	2.36	2.07	2.04
Şanlıurfa	2 237 745	4.16	3.62	4.36	4.83	4.57	4.58	4.46	4.47	4.41	4.57	4.42	4.35	4.33	4.16	3.91	3.73	3.82	3.61	3.28	3.28
Diyarbakır	1.833 684	4.42	4.12	4.74	4.51	3.23	3.24	3.19	3.23	3.16	3.30	3.22	3.13	3.13	2.97	2.79	2.55	2.54	2.43	2.23	2.20
Mardin	895 911	5.15	4.29	5.59	4.98	3.46	3.53	3.35	3.46	3.33	3.55	3.46	3.26	3.29	3.16	3.01	2.78	2.80	2.63	2.40	2.32
Batman	654 528	not a province	not a province	5.79	5.27	3.70	3.64	3.43	3.42	3.34	3.41	3.25	3.11	3.08	2.91	2.72	2.56	2.57	2.39	2.18	2.12
Şırnak	570 826	not a province	not a province	5.83	7.06	4.69	4.51	4.26	4.21	4.19	4.27	4.09	3.51	3.76	3.63	3.40	3.25	3.19	2.96	2.73	2.62
Siirt	336 453	4.67	4.76	6.33	6.05	4.23	4.12	3.96	3.85	3.70	3.89	3.56	3.47	3.33	3.18	2.93	2.89	2.71	2.48	2.23	2.14

Ethnicity

Modern Turkey was founded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as secular (Laiklik, Turkish adaptation of French Laïcité), i.e. without a state religion, or separate ethnic divisions/ identities. The concept of "minorities" has only been accepted by the Republic of Turkey as defined by the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) and thence strictly limited to Greeks, Jews and Armenians, only based on religious affiliation, excluding from the scope of the concept the ethnic identities of these minorities as of others such as the Kurds who make up 15% of the country; others include Assyrians of various Christian denominations, Alevis and all the others.^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33] Provisions of the Lausanne Treaty were extended to Bulgarians in Turkey by the Turkey-Bulgaria Friendship Treaty (Türkiye ve Bulgaristan Arasındaki Dostluk Antlaşması) of 18 October 1925.^[32]^[34]^[35]^[36] According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey), as of 2008, there were 89,000 Turkish citizens belonging to one of the three recognized minorities, two thirds of Armenian descent.^[37] On 18 June 2013, the Ankara 13th Circuit Administrative Court unanimously ruled that the Assyrians were included as beneficiaries of the Lausanne Treaty,^[38] so that Assyrians were allowed to open the first school teaching in their mother tongue.^[39]^[40]

The word Turk or Turkish also has a wider meaning in a historical context because, at times, especially in the past, it has been used to refer to all Muslim inhabitants of the Ottoman Empire irrespective of their ethnicity.^[41]

According to the 2016 edition of the CIA World Factbook, 70–75% of Turkey's population consists of ethnic Turks, with Kurds accounting for 19% and other minorities between 6 and 11%.^[5] According to Milliyet, a 2008 report prepared for the National Security Council of Turkey by academics of three Turkish universities in eastern Anatolia suggested that there are approximately 55 million ethnic Turks, 9.6 million Kurds, 3 million Zazas, 2.5 million Circassians, 2 million Bosniaks, 500,000–1.3 million Albanians, 1,000,000 Georgians, 870,000 Arabs, 600,000 Pomaks, 80,000 Laz, 60,000 Armenians, 30,000 British, 25,000 Assyrians, 20,000 Jews, 15,000 Greeks, and 500 Yazidis living in Turkey.^[42]

According to a survey published in 2022 by Konda Research, Turks make up 77% of the population, while 19% self-identify as Kurd. Arabs (Syrian refugees excluded) make up 2%, and other ethnic groups are 2% of the population.^[43]

Since the immigration to the big cities in the west of Turkey, interethnic marriage has become more common. A recent study estimates that there are 2,708,000 marriages between Turks and Kurds.^[44]

According to a survey done in March 2020 by Area Araştırma, 20.4% of the total population of Turkey claim to be Kurdish (either Kurmanji speaking or Zazaki speaking).

Ethnolinguistic estimates in 2014 by Ethnologue and Jacques Leclerc:^[45]^[46]^[47]

People	Population	Percentage	Language	Status
Anatolian Turks	53,402,000	70.6%	Turkish	1 (National)
Kurmanji Kurds	8,127,000	10.7%	Kurmanji	3 (Wider communication)
Turcophones, Kurds	5,881,000	7.7%	Turkish	1 (National)
Zaza	1,155,000	1.5%	Zaza	5 (Developing)
Arabs	1,133,000	1.4%	Levantine Arabic
Kabardians, Circassians	1,062,000	1.4 %	Kabardian	5 (Developing)
Iraqi Arabs	722,000	0.9%	Mesopotamian Arabic	6a (Vigorous)
Azerbaijani	540,000	0.7%	Azerbaijani	5 (Developing)
Romani	500,000 (1985)	0.7%	Romani, Domari
Gagauzes	418,000	0.5%	Balkan Gagauz Turkish	7 (Shifting)
Pomaks	351,000	0.4%	Bulgarian	5 (Dispersed)
Pontic Greeks	321,000	0.4%	Pontic Greek	6a (Vigorous)
Adyghe, Circassians	316,000	0.4%	Adyghe	5 (Developing)
Alevi Kurds	184,000	0.2%	Zazaki
Georgians	151,000	0,1 %	Georgian	6b (Threatened)
Bosniaks	101,000	0.1%	Bosnian
Chechens	101,000	0.1%	Chechen
Crimean Tatars	100,000	0.1%	Crimean Tatar	5 (Developing)
Lazi	93,000	0.1%	Laz language	6b (Threatened)
Karakalpaks	74,000		Karakalpak
Albanians	66,000		Tosk Albanian	6b (Threatened)
Armenians	61,000		Armenian	6b (Threatened)
Abkhazians	44,000		Abkhazian	6b (Threatened)
Han Chinese	38,000		Chinese
Ossetians	37,000		Ossetian
British	35,000		English
Bulgarians	32,000		Bulgarian
Jews	30,000		Turkish, Ladino	7 (Shifting)
Tatars	26,000		Tatar
Assyrians	25,000		Neo-Aramaic
Pakistanis	22,000		Urdu
Assyrians	15,000		Turoyo	6b (Threatened)
Turks other (Hemshin, Meskhetian Turks, Gajal)	57,000		Turkish
Kurds other (Herki and Shikaki)	62,000		Kurdish
Other	180,000
Total	75,566,800

Languages

No exact data are available concerning the different ethnic groups in Turkey. The last census data according to language date from 1965 and major changes may have occurred since then. However, it is clear that the Turkish are in the majority, while the largest minority groups are Kurds and Arabs. Smaller minorities are the Armenians, Greeks and others.


Language	Census 1927		Census 1935		Census 1945		Census 1950		Census 1955		Census 1960		Census 1965
Language	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Turkish	11,778,810	86.42	13,899,073	86.02	16,598,037	88.34	18,254,851	87.15	21,622,292	89.85	25,172,535	90.70	28,175,579	89.76
Kurdish	1,184,446	8.69	1,480,246	9.16	1,476,562	7.9	1,680,043	8.02	1,679,265	6.98	1,847,674	6.66	2,219,599	7.07
Zazaki	1,184,446	8.69	1,480,246	9.16	1,476,562	7.9	174,526	0.70	1,679,265	6.98	1,847,674	6.66	150,644	0.48
Arabic	134,273	0.98	153,687	0.95	247,294	1.3	269,038	1.28	300,583	1.25	347,690	1.25	365,340	1.16
Circassian	95,901	0.70	91,972	0.57	66,691	0.4	75,837	0.36	77,611	0.32	63,137	0.23	58,339	0.19
Greek	119,822	0.88	108,725	0.67	88,680	0.47	89,472	0.43	79,691	0.33	65,139	0.23	48,096	0.15
Armenian	64,745	0.48	57,599	0.36	47,728	0.3	52,776	0.25	56,235	0.23	52,756	0.19	33,094	0.11
Georgian	–	–	57,325	0.35	40,076	0.21	72,604	0.35	51,983	0.22	32,944	0.12	34,330	0.11
Laz	–	–	63,253	0.39	39,323	0.21	70,423	0.34	30,566	0.13	21,703	0.08	26,007	0.08
other	251,491	1.85	227,544	1.41	185,783	0.99	207,618	0.99	166,537	0.69	151,242	0.54	280,403	0.89
Total	13,629.488	100	16,157,450	100	18,790,174	100	20,947,188	100	24,064,763	100	27,754,820	100	31,391,421	100
Sources:^[48]^[49]^[50]^[51]^[52]^[53]^[54]

A possible list of ethnic groups living in Turkey could be as follows:^[55]

Turkic-speaking peoples: Turks, Azerbaijanis, Tatars, Karachays, Uzbeks, Crimean Tatars, Kyrgyzs and Uyghurs
Indo-European-speaking peoples: Kurds, Zazas,^[56] Bosniaks, Albanians, Pomaks, Ossetians, Armenians, Megleno-Romanians,^[47] Hamshenis, Goranis and Greeks
Semitic-speaking peoples: Arabs, Jews and Assyrians
Caucasian-speaking peoples: Circassians, Georgians, Lazs and Chechens

Religion

Turkey has officially been a secular country since its 1924 constitution was amended in 1928. This was later strengthened and entrenched with the wider appliance of laicism by founder Atatürk during the mid-1930s, as part of the Republican reforms.

There are no official statistics of people's religious beliefs nor is it asked in the census. According to the United States Department of State's International Religious Freedom Report 2008, the Turkish government considers 99 percent of the population is Muslim, the majority of which is Hanafi Sunni.^[57] A similar figure can be found in the current US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) the World Factbook (99.8%).^[5] The remaining 0.2% is other - mostly Christians and Jews.^[5] However, these are based on the existing religion information written on every citizen's national id card, that is automatically passed on from the parents to every newborn, and do not necessarily represent individual choice. Religious records can be changed or even blanked on the request of citizen, by filing an e-government application since May 2020, using a valid electronic signature to sign the electronic application. Any change in religion records additionally results in a new ID card being issued. Any change in religion record also leaves a permanent trail in the census record, however, record of change of religion is not accessible except for the citizen in question, next-of-kins of the citizen in question, the citizenship administration and courts.^[58]

In 2023, according to Ipsos, 83% are Muslim, 12% have no religion, 2% prefer not to say, 2% are Christian and 2% are other religions.^[59] In a similar survey in 2016, Islam comprised 82% of the total population (65% Sunni and 4% Shi'a), followed by 7% no religion, 6% Spiritual but not religious, 4% Atheism, 3% Agnosticism, 2% Christian, 1% Protestantism, 1% Buddhism, 1% Mahayana and 1% other.^[60]

In 2018, a poll conducted by Eurobarometer and KONDA Research and Consultancy and some other research institutes showed that 3% of those interviewed had no religion.^[61]^[62] In 2013, the same institutions showed that around 0.5% of the population had no religion.

Between 8 million^[63] and 20 million Turks are Alevis.^[57]

In 2006, in a poll conducted by Sabancı University, 98.3% of Turks revealed they were Muslim.^[64] In 2005, a Eurobarometer poll on Europeans views on ethics in science and technology reported 95% of Turkish citizens answered that "they believe there is a God", while about 2% responded "I believe there is some sort of spirit or life force", about 1% that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God, or life force" and about 1% "DK" (that they don't know).^[65] Similar figures were found in some other European countries.^[65]

There is concern over the future of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate, which suffers from a lack of trained clergy due to the closure of the Halki seminary. The state does not recognise the Ecumenical status of the Patriarch of Constantinople.^[66]

Muslim and non-Muslim population in Turkey, 1914–2005 (in thousands)^[67]
Year	1914	1927	1945	1965	1990	2005
Muslims	12,941	13,290	18,511	31,139	56,860	71,997
Greeks	1,549	110	104	76	8	3
Armenians	1,204	77	60	64	67	50
Jews	128	82	77	38	29	27
Others	176	71	38	74	50	45
Total	15,997	13,630	18,790	31,391	57,005	72,120
Percentage non-Muslim	19.1	2.5	1.5	0.8	0.3	0.2

The percentage of non-Muslims in Turkey fell from 19.1% in 1914 to 2.5% percent in 1927.^[67] The drop was the result of the late Ottoman genocides, the population exchange between Greece and Turkey ^[68] and the emigration of Christians.^[69] The 1942 Wealth Tax on non-Muslims, the emigration of many of Turkish Jews to Israel after 1948, and the 1955 Istanbul pogrom further contributed to the decline of Turkey's non-Muslim population.

Religiosity

In 2018, according to a KONDA survey, the religiosity was the following:^[70]^[71]

51% defined themselves as "a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations" (Religious)
34% defined themselves as "a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations" (Not religious).
10% defined themselves as "a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations" (Fully devout).
2% defined themselves as "someone who does not believe in religious obligations" (Non-believer).
3% defined themselves as "someone with no religious conviction" (Atheist).

Among those aged between 15 and 29 years old:^[72]

43% defined themselves as "a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations" (Religious)
45% defined themselves as "a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations" (Not religious).
5% defined themselves as "a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations" (Fully devout).
4% defined themselves as "someone who does not believe in religious obligations" (Non-believer).
4% defined themselves as "someone with no religious conviction" (Atheist).

According to the 2007 KONDA survey:^[73]

52.8% defined themselves as "a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations" (Religious)
34.3 % defined themselves as "a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations" (Not religious).
9.7% defined themselves as "a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations" (Fully devout).
2.3% defined themselves as "someone who does not believe in religious obligations" (Non-believer).
0.9% defined themselves as "someone with no religious conviction" (Atheist).

In a 2006 Pew Research Center survey, 69% of Turkey's Muslims said that "religion is very important in their lives".^[74] Based on the Gallup Poll 2006–08, Turkey was defined as More religious, in which over 63 percent of people believe religion is important.^[75]^[76]

Around 2007, according to the Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation, 62% of women wore the headscarf or hijab in Turkey.^[77]^[78]^[79]

Headscarf

The survey reported that 44.5% of women who lived in metropolitan areas wore the headscarf, increasing to 62.8% in towns and 74.1% in the countryside. There was also an increase in the percentage of women wearing headscarves going from west to east across the country. ^[80]

Headscarf Usage by Age Group in Turkey (KONDA, 2013)
Age Group	Percentage Wearing Headscarf (%)
18–27	43.8%
28–43	65.4%
44+	76.1%

Headscarf Usage by Education Level in Turkey (KONDA, 2013)
Education Level	Percentage Wearing Headscarf (%)
University graduate	11.3%
High school	24.5%
Middle school	56.1%
Elementary school	79.7%
Not completed elementary school	90.8%

Headscarf Usage by Region in Turkey (KONDA, 2013)
Region	Percentage Wearing Headscarf (%)
Aegean	50.3%
Marmara (includes Istanbul)	51.2%
Mediterranean Coast	54.8%
Central Anatolia	67.4%
Eastern Anatolia	70.3%
Eastern Black Sea Coast	74.5%
South East (mainly Kurdish areas)	84.6%

Migration

Immigration

Immigration to Turkey is the process by which people migrate to Turkey to reside in the country. After the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and following Turkish War of Independence, an exodus by the large portion of Turkish (Turkic) and Muslim peoples from the Balkans (Balkan Turks, Albanians, Bosniaks, Pomaks), Caucasus (Abkhazians, Ajarians, Circassians, Chechens, Lezgins), Crimea (Crimean Tatar diaspora), and Crete (Cretan Turks) took refuge in present-day Turkey and moulded the country's fundamental features. Trends of immigration towards Turkey continue to this day, although the motives are more varied and are usually in line with the patterns of global immigration movements — Turkey, for example, receives many economic migrants from nearby countries such as Armenia, Moldova, Georgia, Iran, and Azerbaijan, but also from Central Asia, Ukraine and Russia. Turkey's migrant crisis during the 2010s saw high numbers of people arriving in Turkey, particularly those fleeing the Syrian civil war.

As of August 2024, the number of refugees of the Syrian civil war in Turkey was estimated to be 3,097,660 people. The number of Syrians had decreased by 321,118 people in 2023.^[81] In 2022, nearly 100,000 Russian citizens migrated to Turkey, becoming the first in the list of foreigners who moved to Turkey, meaning an increase of more than 218% from 2021.^[82]

In order to obtain Turkish citizenship there is a range of legal grounds, which can include: reunification with their family, marriage to a Turkish citizen, for the purchase of real estate worth $400,000 from a Turkish citizen or company.^[83] The minimum investment amount was increased in May 2022, previously it was enough to invest $250,000. Also the basis is to work in Turkey, training, business, medical treatment, refugee status.

Population in Turkey by country of citizenship by the end of each years:^[15]

Country	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Total people living in Turkey¹	85 664 944 (100%)	85 372 377 (100%)	85 279 553 (100%)	84 680 273 (100%)	83 614 362 (100%)
Turkey	84 184 397 (98.27%)	83 801 834 (98.16%)	83 455 717 (97.86%)	82 888 237 (97.88%)	82 280 952 (98.41%)
Total foreign population¹	1 480 547 (1.73%)	1 570 543 (1.84%)	1 823 836 (2.14%)	1 792 036 (2.12%)	1 333 410 (1.59%)
Iraq	177 988 (0.21%)	217 476 (0.25%)	275 305 (0.32%)	322 015 (0.38%)	281 074 (0.34%)
Afghanistan	139 251 (0.16%)	164 131 (0.19%)	186 160 (0.22%)	183 567 (0.22%)	158 252 (0.19%)
Germany	115 958 (0.14%)	114 293 (0.13%)	110 453 (0.13%)	102 592 (0.12%)	92 284 (0.11%)
Turkmenistan	113 762 (0.13%)	110 349 (0.13%)	116 447 (0.14%)	123 965 (0.15%)	91 218 (0.11%)
Iran	95 924 (0.11%)	101 164 (0.12%)	117 026 (0.14%)	128 883 (0.15%)	68 561 (0.08%)
Russian Federation	85 752 (0.10%)	102 585 (0.12%)	151 049 (0.18%)	66 786 (0.08%)	43 679 (0.05%)
Azerbaijan	80 133 (0.09%)	70 971 (0.08%)	68 884 (0.08%)	68 562(0.08%)	48 495 (0.06%)
Syria	72 367 (0.08%)	79 952 (0.09%)	99 360 (0.12%)	104 554 (0.12%)	88 907 (0.11%)
Uzbekistan	59 132 (0.07%)	54 594 (0.06%)	61 754 (0.07%)	71 145 (0.08%)	36 510 (0.04%)
Kazakhstan	44 445 (0.05%)	44 133 (0.05%)	45 530 (0.05%)	39 454 (0.05%)	23 645 (0.03%)
Ukraine	35 446 (0.04%)	40 483 (0.05%)	50 357 (0.06%)	23 377 (0.03%)	17 505 (0.02%)
Egypt	28 304 (0.03%)	28 451 (0.03%)	33 040 (0.04%)	34 162 (0.04%)	25 475 (0.03%)
Kyrgyzstan	23 802 (0.03%)	22 477 (0.03%)	24 485 (0.03%)	26 541 (0.03%)	18 019 (0.02%)
Palestine	23 569 (0.03%)	21 612 (0.03%)	26 278 (0.03%)	28 027 (0.03%)	17 915 (0.02%)
Austria	22 231 (0.03%)	22 102 (0.03%)	21 311 (0.02%)	19 900 (0.02%)	18 047 (0.02%)
Bulgaria	17 315 (0.02%)	16 899 (0.02%)	16 612 (0.02%)	15 426 (0.02%)	14 195 (0.02%)
Morocco	16 914 (0.02%)	16 699 (0.02%)	18 482 (0.02%)	20 520 (0.02%)	12 122 (0.01%)
Indonesia	16 089 (0.02%)	12 301 (0.01%)	11 280 (0.01%)	10 219 (0.01%)	5 226 (0.01%)
China	15 107 (0.02%)	14 030 (0.02%)	16 880 (0.02%)	20 486 (0.02%)	18 740 (0.02%)
Yemen	14 748 (0.02%)	16 386 (0.02%)	19 099 (0.02%)	18 094 (0.02%)	14 927 (0.02%)
Greece	14 496 (0.02%)	14 164 (0.02%)	13 583 (0.02%)	12 569 (0.01%)	12 137 (0.01%)
United Kingdom	14 386 (0.02%)	15 734 (0.02%)	17 193 (0.02%)	16 440 (0.02%)	13 985 (0.02%)
Pakistan	14 384 (0.02%)	13 903 (0.02%)	16 505 (0.02%)	17 290 (0.02%)	7 248 (0.01%)
Jordan	14 343 (0.02%)	17 098 (0.02%)	22 733 (0.03%)	23 656 (0.03%)	14 260 (0.02%)
Libya	11 644 (0.01%)	15 621 (0.02%)	21 677 (0.03%)	24 188 (0.03%)	18 607 (0.02%)
Somalia	10 815 (0.01%)	14 011 (0.02%)	20 906 (0.02%)	28 081 (0.03%)	17 245 (0.02%)
Georgia	10 725 (0.01%)	11 851 (0.01%)	14 680 (0.02%)	19 276 (0.02%)	15 661 (0.02%)
Algeria	9 815 (0.01%)	10 145 (0.01%)	12 248 (0.01%)	10 698 (0.01%)	5 914 (0.01%)
Sudan	9 632 (0.01%)	10 371 (0.01%)	11 613 (0.01%)	9 538 (0.01%)	3 193 (<0.01%)
United States	9 621 (0.01%)	10 655 (0.01%)	12 793 (0.02%)	12 773 (0.02%)	9 032 (0.01%)
India	7 639 (0.01%)	6 699 (0.01%)	4 669 (0.01%)	3 092 (<0.01%)
Netherlands	7 587 (0.01%)	7 786 (0.01%)	8 104 (0.01%)	7 686 (0.01%)	6 550 (0.01%)
Lebanon	7 340 (0.01%)	8 864 (0.01%)	12 430 (0.01%)	13 242 (0.02%)	5 943 (0.01%)
Nigeria	7 252 (0.01%)	9 196 (0.01%)	12 928 (0.02%)	12 920 (0.02%)	7 120 (0.01%)
Tajikistan	6 486 (0.01%)	6 251 (0.01%)	7 153 (0.01%)	7 965 (0.01%)	3 626 (<0.01%)
Kuwait	5 912 (0.01%)	5 699 (0.01%)	6 190 (0.01%)	5 498 (0.01%)	3 559 (<0.01%)
Moldova	5 257 (0.01%)	5 842 (0.01%)	6 790 (0.01%)	7 546 (0.01%)	6 295 (0.01%)
Tunisia	5 105 (0.01%)	5 172 (0.01%)	6 075 (0.01%)	6 033 (0.01%)	2 961 (<0.01%)
France	4 237 (<0.01%)	4 102 (<0.01%)	4 526 (0.01%)	4 294 (0.01%)	3 181 (<0.01%)
Belarus	4 207 (<0.01%)	4 440 (0.01%)	5 169 (0.01%)	3 873 (<0.01%)
Ethiopia	3 036 (<0.01%)	3 724 (<0.01%)	6 165 (0.01%)	6 633 (0.01%)	2 936 (<0.01%)
^{1: excluding Syrian refugees under temporary protection status and foreigners holding visas or residence permits shorter than 90 days}

Net Migration

Net Migration Data for Turkey (2016–present)
Year	Total Immigration	Total Emigration	Total Net Migration	Turkish Immigration	Turkish Emigration	Turkish Net Migration	Foreign Immigration	Foreign Emigration	Foreign Net Migration
2016	380,921	177,960	202,961	107,052	69,326	37,726	273,869	108,634	165,235
2017	466,333	253,640	212,693	101,772	113,326	-11,554	364,561	140,314	224,247
2018	577,457	323,918	253,539	110,567	136,740	-26,743	466,890	187,178	279,712
2019	677,042	320,289	346,753	98,554	84,863	13,691	578,488	245,426	333,062
2020	340,845	420,643	-79,618	98,349	77,310	20,539	242,496	342,653	-100,157
2021	739,364	287,651	451,713	124,269	103,613	20,656	615,095	184,038	431,057
2022	494,052	466,914	27,138	94,409	139,531	-45,122	399,643	327,383	72,260
2023	316,456	714,579	-398,123	101,677	291,377	-189,700	214,779	432,202	-208,423
2024	314,588	424,345	-109,757	103,732	151,140	-47,408	210,856	273,205	-62,349

^[84]

Internal migration

Place of origin (rows) versus place of residence (columns) for Turkish citizens in 2014^[85]
Regions	İstanbul	West Marmara	Aegean	East Marmara	West Anatolia	Mediterranean	Central Anatolia	West Black Sea	East Black Sea	Northeast Anatolia	Central East Anatolia	Southeast Anatolia	Total Population
İstanbul	2,162,588	79,009	72,123	84,689	38,802	38,673	4,858	11,976	9,147	3,533	3,667	4,754	2,513,819
West Marmara	523,725	2,378,938	187,256	135,364	44,409	27,376	5,140	10,238	4,513	5,273	7,110	8,861	3,338,203
Aegean	297,143	76,518	7,047,801	210,522	134,073	166,785	16,606	22,252	10,354	14,936	20,388	28,224	8,045,602
East Marmara	520,698	67,299	131,586	4,317,877	187,043	61,782	10,715	33.371	10,701	8,074	9,775	12,286	5,371,207
West Anatolia	272,835	35,919	259,387	127,794	3,721,634	192,934	49,942	29,545	8,468	10,360	13,727	20,850	4,743,395
Mediterranean	470,673	53,295	250,529	111,393	228,398	7,329,964	100,729	32,461	16,963	21,667	46,013	181,874	8,843,959
Central Anatolia	1,346,007	92,421	297,114	235,407	1,223,857	305,343	3,466,971	70,729	16,604	20,204	32,153	36,818	7,143,628
West Black Sea	2,637,016	186,103	252,628	458,730	956,151	133,053	54,578	3,982,185	42,935	18,878	21,757	27,735	8,771,749
East Black Sea	1,918,805	96,494	152,843	529,110	241,801	70,823	19,104	198,869	2,382,704	33,854	11,852	13,140	5,669,399
Northeast Anatolia	1,580,876	120,086	504,588	593,882	344,929	101,600	63,029	34,656	32,761	2,009,253	39,921	20,576	5,446,157
Central East Anatolia	1,293,157	86,315	359,161	299,390	167,451	393,102	31,612	22,064	11,070	31,709	3,438,577	133,862	6,267,470
Southeast Anatolia	1,197,959	65,538	445,279	174,765	156,489	1,002,771	33,876	23,666	11,689	22,036	150,028	7,738,941	11,023,037
Total population	14,221,482	3,337,935	9,960,295	7,278,923	7,445,037	9,824,206	3,857,160	4,472,012	2,557,909	2,199,777	3,794,968	8,227,921	77,177,625

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↑ TurkStat

Notes

1 2 3 4 5 All data taken from Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat). Data is for xxxx-12-31.

External links

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[abbr-23] 1 2 3 4 5 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

[Population_of_Turkey-1] 1 2 3 4 "The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2024". www.tuik.gov.tr. Turkish Statistical Institute. 6 February 2025. Retrieved 6 February 2025.

[2] "Death and Causes of Death Statistics, 2023". data.tuik.gov.tr. Retrieved 14 June 2024.

[3] "Life Tables, 2021-2023". data.tuik.gov.tr. Retrieved 18 September 2024.

[4] "Birth Statistics, 2024". www.tuik.gov.tr. Turkish Statistical Institute. 13 May 2025. Retrieved 13 May 2025.

[cia-5] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Turkey (Turkiye)". The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency . Retrieved 19 May 2024.

[6] "Turkey: country data and statistics". Worlddata.info. Retrieved 24 April 2025.

[:2-7] 1 2 3 4 "TURKSTAT Corporate". data.tuik.gov.tr. Retrieved 6 February 2025.

[8] "Turkey (Turkiye)", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 5 February 2025, retrieved 6 February 2025

[IEApop2011-9] CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Archived 12 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine Population 1971–2008 (pdf Archived 2012-01-06 at the Wayback Machine pages 83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010, p. 57.

[10] "Population Statistics And Projections". Turkstat.gov.tr. Retrieved 17 June 2014.

[11] "Census of Population; Social and Economic Characteristics of Population, Turkey". Turkstat.gov.tr. Retrieved 15 April 2016.

[12] (TurkStat), Turkish Statistical Institute. "Turkish Statistical Institute The Results of Address Based Population Registration System 2015". Turkstat.gov.tr. Retrieved 8 November 2017.

[13] "İllerin aldığı, verdiği göç, net göç ve net göç hızı, 1980–2016". Turkstat.gov.tr. Retrieved 8 November 2017.

[14] "Yaş grubu ve cinsiyete göre il/ilçe merkezi ve belde/köy nüfusu, 2007–2016". Turkstat.gov.tr. Retrieved 8 November 2017.

[data.tuik.gov.tr-15] 1 2 3 4 5 6 "TÜİK Kurumsal".

[16] TurkStat

[17] "::Welcome to Turkish Statistical Institute(TurkStat)'s Web Pages". TurkStat. Retrieved 17 June 2014.

[18] "Turkish Statistical Institute". Turkstat.gov.tr. Retrieved 17 June 2014.

[19] Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) (31 August 2012). "Turkish Statistical Institute Birth Statistics 2012". Turkstat.gov.tr. Retrieved 17 June 2014.

[20] "The DHS Program – Quality information to plan, monitor and improve population, health, and nutrition programs". Dhsprogram.com. Retrieved 8 November 2017.

[E.Murat_ÖZGÜR-21] "Spatial Distribution of Total Fertility Rate in Turkey" (PDF). Ankara University. 2004. Retrieved 16 May 2016.

[22] "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision". Esa.un.org. 8 October 2018.

[24] "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations" . Retrieved 16 July 2017.

[GlobalDataLab-25] "Life expectancy 2022 - Maps | Subnational HDI (v8.0)". Global Data Lab. Retrieved 15 October 2024.

[TurkStat-27] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "TurkStat". TurkStat. 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2015.

[28] "İllerin aldığı, verdiği göç, net göç ve net göç hızı, 1980–2018". Turk.gov.ty. Archived from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2017.

[29] ttps://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/yordam/?dil=0&p=1&q=2000+n%C3%BCfus+say%C4%B1m%C4%B1+sosyal+ve+ekonomik+nitelikleri&alan=tum_txt&sno=1

[30] "T.C. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı".

[31] Di̇ncer, Bülent; Özaslan, Metin; Kavasoğlu, Taner (May 2003). Lleri̇n Ve Bölgeleri̇n Sosyo-ekonomi̇k Geli̇şmi̇şli̇k Siralamasi Araştirmasi [Research on Socio-Economic Development Ranking of Provinces and Regions](PDF) (Report) (in Turkish). Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı [State Planning Organization]. ISBN 975-19-3354-4 . Retrieved 12 August 2025.

[Kaya2015-32] Kaya, Nurcan (24 November 2015). "Teaching in and Studying Minority Languages in Turkey: A Brief Overview of Current Issues and Minority Schools" . European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online. 12 (1): 315–338. doi:10.1163/9789004306134_013. ISSN 2211-6117. Turkey is a nation–state built on remnants of the Ottoman Empire where non-Muslim minorities were guaranteed the right to set up educational institutions; however, since its establishment, it has officially recognised only Armenians, Greeks and Jews as minorities and guaranteed them the right to manage educational institutions as enshrined in the Treaty of Lausanne. [...] Private language teaching courses teach 'traditionally used languages', elective language courses have been introduced in public schools and universities are allowed to teach minority languages.

[Toktas2006-33] Toktas, Sule (2006). "EU enlargement conditions and minority protection : a reflection on Turkey's non-Muslim minorities". East European Quarterly. 40: 489–519. ISSN 0012-8449. Turkey signed the Covenant on 15 August 2000 and ratified it on 23 September 2003. However, Turkey put a reservation on Article 27 of the Covenant which limited the scope of the right of ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities to enjoy their own culture, to profess and practice their own religion or to use their own language. This reservation provides that this right will be implemented and applied in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Turkish Constitution and the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne. This implies that Turkey grants educational right in minority languages only to the recognized minorities covered by the Lausanne who are the Armenians, Greeks and the Jews.

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