Demographics of Uzbekistan

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Demographics of Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan population pyramid.svg
Population pyramid of Uzbekistan in 2023
Population36,799,756 (January 1st, 2024) [1]
Growth rate0.83% (2022 est.)
Birth rate26.2 births/1,000 population (2022)
Death rate4.8 deaths/1,000 population (2022)
Life expectancy75.29 years
  male72.27 years
  female78.5 years
Fertility rate3.31 children born/woman (2022)
Infant mortality rate18.98 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate-1.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years30.1%
65 and over5.3%
Sex ratio
Total1.01 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.06 male(s)/female
Under 151.05 male(s)/female
65 and over0.63 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityUzbekstani
Major ethnic Tajiks in Samarkand and Bukhara
Language
OfficialUzbek
SpokenRussian

Demographic features of the population of Uzbekistan include population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. The nationality of a person from Uzbekistan is Uzbekistani, [2] [3] [4] while the ethnic Uzbek majority call themselves Uzbeks. Much of the data is estimated because the last census was carried out in Soviet times in 1989.

Contents

Overview

Uzbekistan is Central Asia's most populous country. Its 36.8 million people (as of January 2024 [5] ) comprise nearly half the region's total population.

The population of Uzbekistan is very young: 30.1% of its people are younger than 14. [6] According to official sources, Uzbeks comprise a majority (84.4%) of the total population. Other ethnic groups, as of 1996 estimates, include Russians (2.1% of the population), Tajiks (4,8%), Kazakhs (3%), Karakalpaks (2.5%), and Tatars (1.5%). [7] Uzbekistan has an ethnic Korean population that was forcibly relocated to the region from the Soviet Far East in 1937–1938. There are also small groups of Armenians in Uzbekistan, mostly in Tashkent and Samarkand. The nation is 94% Muslim (mostly Sunni), 3% Eastern Orthodox and 3% other faiths (which include small communities of Korean Christians, other Christian denominations, Buddhists, Baha'is, and more). [8] The Bukharan Jews have lived in Central Asia, mostly in Uzbekistan, for thousands of years. There were 94,900 Jews in Uzbekistan in 1989 [9] (about 0.5% of the population according to the 1989 census), but now, since the collapse of the USSR, most Central Asian Jews left the region for the United States or Israel. More than 5,000 Jews remain in Uzbekistan. [10]

Much of Uzbekistan's population was engaged in cotton farming in large-scale collective farms when the country was part of the Soviet Union. The population continues to be heavily rural and dependent on farming for its livelihood, although the farm structure in Uzbekistan has largely shifted from collective to individual since 1990.

Population size and structure

Population of Uzbekistan (in millions): 1950 - 1 January 2008 Population of Uzbekistan.PNG
Population of Uzbekistan (in millions): 1950 – 1 January 2008
Population density of Uzbekistan by municipality, according to 2020 population estimates Plotnost' naseleniia Uzbekistana po munitsipal'nym obrazovaniiam.png
Population density of Uzbekistan by municipality, according to 2020 population estimates

Age structure

Boys pose for a picture at Registan. Over a quarter of Uzbekistan's population is under 14 years old. Young Uzbekistani boys at a mosque in Uzbekistan.jpg
Boys pose for a picture at Registan. Over a quarter of Uzbekistan's population is under 14 years old.

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2020) (data refer to resident population): [11]

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total17 045 28816 859 95433 905 242100
0–41 899 4261 747 5353 646 96110.76
5–91 688 1801 569 7383 257 9189.61
10–141 524 8641 440 5332 965 3978.75
15–191 312 5411 246 4362 558 9777.55
20–241 479 0761 411 6422 890 7188.53
25–291 634 7181 577 8073 212 5259.48
30–341 532 7871 504 6923 037 4798.96
35–391 248 3161 243 8742 492 1907.35
40–441 045 1341 052 5712 097 7056.19
45–49925 974945 2601 871 2345.52
50–54769 176826 8151 595 9914.71
55–59725 126790 5241 515 6504.47
60–64545 917602 8171 148 7343.39
65-69335 932390 359726 2912.14
70-74162 378197 128359 5061.06
75-7996 796119 434216 2300.64
80-8470 386102 070172 4560.51
85-8924 92345 62770 5500.21
90-9417 02233 48450 5060.15
95-995 92210 79116 7130.05
100+6948171 511<0.01
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–145 112 4704 757 8069 870 27629.11
15–6411 218 76511 202 43822 421 20366.13
65+714 053899 7101 613 7634.76


Vital statistics

UN estimates

PeriodBirths per yearDeaths per yearNatural change per yearCBR1CDR1NC1TFR1IMR1
1990–199532.77.525.23.95
1995–200025.66.918.73.10
2000–200521.36.414.92.51
2005–201022.46.216.22.49
2010–201522.96.216.72.43
2015–202021.85.816.02.43
2020–202518.65.912.72.31
2025–203016.46.310.12.21
2030–203515.76.98.82.12
2035–204015.67.68.02.05

Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs website > World Population Prospects: The 2019 revision. [12]


Registered birth and deaths

Average populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)TFR
19506,314,000192,18854,612137,57630.48.621.8
19516,511,000207,30249,275158,02731.87.624.3
19526,704,000223,45255,068168,38433.38.225.1
19536,909,000219,83260,855158,97731.88.823.0
19547,085,000237,47058,345179,12533.58.225.3
19557,256,000248,54559,370189,17534.38.226.1
19567,466,000267,18746,210220,97735.86.229.6
19577,720,000276,66847,568229,10035.86.229.7
19587,979,000300,64648,433252,21337.76.131.6
19598,252,000305,08250,254254,82837.06.130.9
19608,558,000340,61851,758288,86039.86.033.8
19618,895,000339,95253,591286,36138.26.032.2
19629,237,000341,35256,178285,17437.06.130.9
19639,574,000342,65954,502288,15735.85.730.1
19649,905,000346,84753,315293,53235.05.429.6
196510,233,000355,13560,056295,07934.75.928.8
196610,557,000360,33660,115300,22134.15.728.4
196710,886,000359,62364,627294,99633.05.927.1
196811,259,000385,68764,762320,92534.35.828.5
196911,625,000380,72969,147311,58232.86.026.8
197011,973,000401,61366,189335,42433.65.528.1
197112,354,000425,64667,162358,48434.45.429.0
197212,756,000421,45877,942343,51633.06.126.9
197313,155,000441,23783,170358,06733.56.327.2
197413,569,000462,06286,864375,19834.16.427.7
197513,981,000478,604100,213378,39134.27.227.0
197614,389,000503,514101,544401,97035.07.127.9
197714,786,000493,329104,297389,03233.47.126.3
197815,184,000514,030105,204408,82633.96.927.0
197915,578,000535,928109,459426,46934.47.027.4
198015,952,000540,047118,886421,16133.97.526.4
198116,376,000572,197117,793454,40434.97.227.7
198216,813,000589,283124,137465,14635.07.427.7
198317,261,000609,400128,779480,62135.37.527.8
198417,716,000641,398132,042509,35636.27.528.84.60
198518,174,000679,057131,686547,37137.47.230.14.68
198618,634,000708,658132,213576,44538.07.130.94.69
198719,095,000714,454133,781580,67337.47.030.44.57
198819,561,000694,144134,688559,45635.56.928.64.28
198920,108,000668,807126,862541,94533.36.327.04.02
199020,465,000691,636124,553567,08333.86.127.74.20
199120,857,000723,420130,294593,12634.76.228.4
199221,354,000680,459140,092540,36731.96.625.3
199321,847,000692,324145,294547,03031.76.725.0
199422,277,000657,725148,423509,30229.56.722.9
199522,684,000677,999145,439532,56029.96.423.53.60
199623,128,000634,842144,829490,01327.46.321.2
199723,560,000602,694137,331465,36325.65.819.8
199823,954,000553,745140,526413,21923.15.917.3
199924,312,000544,788130,529414,25922.45.417.0
200024,650,000527,580135,598391,98221.45.515.92.59
200124,965,000512,950132,542380,40820.55.315.2
200225,272,000532,511137,028395,48321.15.415.6
200325,568,000508,457135,933372,52419.95.314.6
200425,864,000540,381130,357410,02420.95.015.9
200526,167,000533,530140,585392,94520.45.415.02.36
200626,488,000555,946139,622416,32421.05.315.7
200726,868,000608,917137,430471,48722.75.117.52.55
200827,303,000646,096138,792507,30423.75.118.62.64
200927,767,000649,727130,659519,06823.44.718.72.53
201028,562,000634,810138,411496,39922.24.817.42.34
201129,339,000626,881144,585482,29621.44.916.42.24
201229,774,000625,106145,988479,11821.04.916.12.19
201330,243,000679,519145,672533,84722.54.817.72.35
201430,759,000718,036149,761568,99823.34.918.42.46
201531,576,000734,141152,035582,10623.54.918.62.49
201632,121,000726,170154,791571,37922.84.818.02.46
201732,653,000715,519160,723554,79622.15.017.12.42
201833,254,000768,520154,913613,60723.34.718.62.60
201933,905,000815,939154,959660,98024.34.619.72.79
202034,558,900841,814175,637666,17724.65.119.52.90
202135,271,300905,211174,541730,67025.95.020.93.17
202236,024,900932,192172,075760,11726.24.821.43.31
202336,799,800961,962172,772789,19026.44.721.73.4(e)

Sources: [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21]

Current vital statistics

[22] [23]

PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January 202376,211
January 202471,930
DifferenceDecrease2.svg -4,281 (-5.6%)

Total fertility rate (TFR)

Total fertility rate (TFR) and crude birth rate (CBR): [24]

YearCBR (total)TFR (total)CBR (urban)TFR (urban)CBR (rural)TFR (rural)
1996273,34 (3,1)232,71 (2,5)293,74 (3,4)
200224,42,9219,82,4827,53,21
Uzbek youth Wikiwyprawa 2015 IGP2405.jpg
Uzbek youth

According to the CIA World Factbook, the total fertility rate (TFR) estimated as of 2011 is 1.89 children born/woman. [7] [25] [26]

In 2002, the estimated TFR was 2.92; Uzbeks 2.99, Russians 1.35, Karakalpak 2.69, Tajik 3.19, Kazakh 2.95, Tatar 2.05, others 2.53; Tashkent City 1.96, Karakalpakstan 2.90, Fergana 2.73; Eastern region 2.71, East Central 2.96, Central 3.43, Western 3.05. [27]

The high fertility rate during the Soviet Union and during its period of disintegration is partly due to the historical cultural preferences for large families, economic reliance upon agriculture, and the greater relative worth of Soviet child benefits in Uzbekistan. [28] Abortion was the preferred method of birth control. Legalized in 1955, the number of abortions increased by 231% from 1956 to 1973. [29] By 1991, the abortion ratio was 39 abortions per 1,000 women of reproductive age per year. [30]

However, in the past few decades, fertility control methods have shifted considerably from abortion to modern contraceptive methods, especially IUDs. By the mid-1980s IUDS became the main method of contraception through government and organizational policies that aimed to introduce women to modern contraceptives. According to a UHES report from 2002, 73% of married Uzbek woman had used the IUD, 14% male condom, and 13% the pill. [31]

The government supported the use of modern contraceptives to control fertility rates because of national economic difficulties that followed the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Thus the government has been influential in determining the popularity of the IUD. Despite family planning programs that educate women on different methods of contraception, the IUD has remained women's first choice of contraception. Word of mouth and social relations also account for the strong preference for the IUD. Nevertheless, factors such as class and level of education have been shown to give women more freedom in their choice of contraception methods.

Regional differences

As of 2022, the regions of Surxondaryo and Qashqadaryo have the highest birth rate in Uzbekistan. On the other hand, the Republic of Karakalpakstan and Buxoro have the lowest birth rate in the country. The highest death rate is in the city of Toshkent, while the lowest in the region of Navoiy.

Vital statistics by regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan [32] [33]
DivisionBirth rate (‰)Death rate (‰)Natural growth rate (‰)Total fertility rate
Surxondaryo Region 29.44.9+24.53.54
Qashqadaryo Region 28.55.0+23.53.47
Jizzax Region 27.94.6+23.33.38
Samarqand Region 27.44.7+22.73.41
Namangan Region 27.84.5+23.33.53
Andijon Region 26.34.7+21.63.46
Navoiy Region 25.14.0+21.13.21
Xorazm Region 23.14.9+18.22.83
Fergana Region 25.84.7+21.13.34
Republic of Karakalpakstan 21.84.9+16.92.67
Sirdaryo Region 26.34.8+21.53.10
Buxoro Region 22.64.5+18.12.91
Toshkent Region 24.85.0+19.83.26
Toshkent 25.45.7+19.73.49
Republic of Uzbekistan 26.24.8+21.43.31

Infant mortality rate

2020 estimate:
Total: 17 deaths per 1,000 live births
Male: 19 deaths per 1,000 live births
Female: 15 deaths per 1,000 live births


Life expectancy

Life expectancy in Uzbekistan since 1950 Life expectancy in Uzbekistan.svg
Life expectancy in Uzbekistan since 1950
Life expectancy in Uzbekistan since 1960 by gender Life expectancy by WBG -Uzbekistan -diff.png
Life expectancy in Uzbekistan since 1960 by gender
PeriodLife expectancy in
Years
PeriodLife expectancy in
Years
1950–195556.11985–199066.6
1955–196057.91990–199566.3
1960–196559.81995–200066.7
1965–197061.62000–200567.7
1970–197563.02005–201069.1
1975–198064.02010–201570.8
1980–198565.32015-202075.2

Source: UN World Population Prospects 2017 [34]

Ethnic groups

Ethnic composition according to the 1989 population census (latest available): [25] [26] [35] [36]
Uzbek 71%, Russian 6%, Tajik 5% (believed to be much higher [37] [38] [39] ), Kazakh 4%, Tatar 3%, Karakalpak 2%, other 7%.

Estimates of ethnic composition in 1996 from CIA World Factbook: [40]

Uzbek 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 5%, Kazakh 3%, Karakalpak 2.5%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.5% (1996 est.)

The table shows the ethnic composition of Uzbekistan's population (in percent) according to four population censuses between 1926 and 1989 (no population census was carried out in 1999, and the next census is now being planned for 2010). [41] The increase in the percentage of Tajik from 3.9% of the population in 1979 to 4.7% in 1989 may be attributed, at least in part, to the change in census instructions: in the 1989 census for the first the nationality could be reported not according to the passport, but freely self-declared on the basis of the respondent's ethnic self-identification. [42]

Population of Uzbekistan according to ethnic group 1926–2021
Ethnic
group
census 19261census 19392census 19593census 19704census 19795census 19896estimates 20177estimates 20218
Number %Number %Number %Number %Number %Number %Number %Number %
Uzbeks 3,467,22673.04,804,09665.15,038,27362.27,733,54164.710,569,00768.714,142,47571.426,917,70083.829,194,07184.5
Tajiks 350,6707.4317,5605.1311,3753.8457,3563.8594,6273.9933,5604.71,544,7004.81,657,3364.8
Kazakhs 191,1264.0305,4164.9335,2674.1549,3124.6620,1364.0808,2274.1803,4002.5821,1722.4
Karakalpaks 142,6883.0181,4202.9168,2742.1230,2731.9297,7881.9411,8782.1708,8002.2752,6462.2
Russians 245,8075.2727,33111.61,090,72813.51,495,55612.51,665,65810.81,653,4788.4750,0002.3720,3242.1
Kyrgyz 79,6101.789,0441.492,7251.1110,8641.0142,1820.7174,9070.8274,4000.9291,6280.8
Turkmens 31,4920.746,5430.754,8040.771,0660.692,2850.6121,5780.6192,0000.6206,1890.6
Tatars 28,3350.6147,1572.3397,9814.9442,3313.7531,2053.5467,8292.4195,0000.6187,3300.5
Koreans 300.072,9441.2138,4531.7151,0581.3163,0621.1183,1400.9176,9000.6174,2100.5
Ukrainians 25,3350.570,5771.187,9271.1114,9791.0113,8260.7153,1970.870,7000.267,8690.2
Crimean Tatars 46,8290.6135,4261.1117,5590.8188,7721.0
Turks 3710.04740.021,2690.346,3980.448,7260.3106,3020.5
Jews 37,6210.850,6760.894,3031.2102,8430.999,8360.794,6890.59,8650.0
Armenians 14,8620.320,3940.327,3700.334,4700.342,3740.350,5370.334,0790.1
Azerbaijanis 20,7640.43,6450.140,5110.540,4310.359,7790.444,4100.241,1820.1
Uyghurs 36,3490.850,6380.819,3770.224,0390.229,1040.235,7620.2
Bashkirs 6240.07,5160.113,5000.221,0690.225,8790.234,7710.2
Others77,8891.698,8381.6126,7381.6198,5701.7176,2741.1204,5651.0486,9001.5412,8551.2
Total4,750,1756,271,2698,105,70411,959,58215,389,30719,810,07732,120,50034,558,891
1 Excluding the Tadzjik ASSR, but including the Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Oblast (in 1926 part of the Kazakh ASSR); source:. [43] 2 Source:. [44] 3 Source:. [45] 4 Source:. [46] 5 Source:. [47] 6 Source:. [48] 7 Source:. [49] 8 Source:. [50]

Languages

Languages of Uzbekistan [40]
Languagespercent
Uzbek
82%
Russian
9%
Tajik
5%
others
4%

According to the CIA factbook, the current language distribution is: Uzbek 82%, Russian 9%, Tajik 5% and Other 4%. [40] The Latin script replaced Cyrillic in the mid-1990s. Following independence, Uzbek was made the official state language. President Islam Karimov, the radical nationalist group Birlik (Unity), and the Uzbek Popular Front promoted this change. These parties believed that Uzbek would stimulate nationalism and the change itself was part of the process of derussification, which was meant to deprive Russian language and culture of any recognition. Birlik held campaigns in the late 1980s to achieve this goal, with one event in 1989 culminating in 12,000 people in Tashkent calling for official recognition of Uzbek as the state language. [51] In 1995, the government adopted the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on State Language, which mandates that Uzbek be used in all public spheres and official jobs. Scholars studying migration and ethnic minorities have since criticized the law as a source of discrimination toward minorities who do not speak Uzbek. Nevertheless, Russian remains the de facto language when it comes to science, inter-ethnic communication, business, and advertising. [52] Multiple sources suggest that the Persian-speaking Tajik population of Uzbekistan may be as large as 10%-15% of the total population. [53] The Tajik language is the dominant language spoken in the cities of Bukhara and Samarkand. The delineation of territory in 1924 and the process of "Uzbekisation" caused many Tajiks to identify as Uzbek. Thus there are many Tajiks who speak Tajik but are officially documented as Uzbek. [54]

Religion

Mosque in Bukhara Po-i-Kalan Mosque 2.jpg
Mosque in Bukhara
Religions of Uzbekistan (2020 ) [40]
Religionspercent
Islam
94%
Eastern Orthodox
3%
others
3%

Muslims constitute 94% of the population according to a 2013 US State Department release. [55] Approximately 3% of the population are Russian Orthodox Christians. [55]

There were 94,900 Jews in Uzbekistan in 1989 [9] (about 0.5% of the population according to the 1989 census), but fewer than 5,000 remained in 2007. [10]

A study showed that more than 50% of surveyed consider religion as "very important". [56]

Migration

As of 2011, Uzbekistan has a net migration rate of -2.74 migrant(s)/ 1,000 population. [7]

The process of migration changed after the fall of the Soviet Union. During the Soviet Union, passports facilitated movement throughout the fifteen republics and movement throughout the republics was relatively less expensive than it is today. [57] An application for a labor abroad permit from a special department of the Uzbek Agency of External Labor Migration in Uzbekistan is required since 2003. The permit was originally not affordable to many Uzbeks and the process was criticized for the bureaucratic red tape it required. The same departments and agencies involved in creating this permit are consequently working to substantially reduce the costs as well as simplifying the procedure. On July 4, 2007, the Russian First Deputy Prime Minister Sergey Ivanov signed three agreements that would address labor activity and protection of the rights of the working migrants (this includes Russian citizens in Uzbekistan and Uzbek citizens in Russia) as well as cooperation in fighting undocumented immigration and the deportation of undocumented workers. [58]

Uzbek migration

Economic difficulties have increased labor migration to Russia, Kazakhstan, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Turkey, South Korea, and Europe over the past decade. [59] At least 10% of Uzbekistan's labor force works abroad. [60] Approximately 58% of the labor force that migrates, migrates to Russia. [58] High unemployment rates and low wages are responsible for labor migration.

Migrants typically are people from the village, farmers, blue-collar workers, and students who are seeking work abroad. However, many migrants are not aware of the legal procedures required to leave the country, causing many to end up unregistered in Uzbekistan or the host country. Without proper registration, undocumented migrants are susceptible to underpayment, no social guarantees and bad treatment by employers. According to data from the Russian Federal Immigration Service, there were 102,658 officially registered labor migrants versus 1.5 million unregistered immigrants from Uzbekistan in Russia in 2006. The total remittances for both groups combined was approximately US$1.3 billion that same year, eight percent of Uzbekistan's GDP. [58]

Minorities

Jewish children with their teacher in Samarkand. Early color photograph from Russia, created by Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii as part of his work to document the Russian Empire from 1909 to 1915. Jewish Children with their Teacher in Samarkand.jpg
Jewish children with their teacher in Samarkand. Early color photograph from Russia, created by Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii as part of his work to document the Russian Empire from 1909 to 1915.

A significant number of ethnic and national minorities left Uzbekistan after the country became independent, but actual numbers are unknown. The primary reasons for migration by minorities include: few economic opportunities, a low standard of living, and a poor prospect for educational opportunities for future generations. Although Uzbekistan's language law has been cited as a source of discrimination toward those who do not speak Uzbek, this law has intertwined with social, economic, and political factors that have led to migration as a solution to a lack of opportunities in Uzbekistan.

Russians, who constituted a primarily urban population made up half of the population of Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, until the 1980s. Since then, the population has been gradually diminishing as many Russians have migrated to Russia. Nevertheless, Russian registration permits (propiska) constrain migration. [61] The decision to migrate is complicated by the fact that many Russians or other minority groups who have a "homeland" may view Uzbekistan as the "motherland". It is also complicated by the fact that these groups might not speak the national language of their "homeland" or may be registered under another nationality on their passports. Nonetheless, "native" embassies facilitate this migration. Approximately 200 visas are given out to Jews from the Israel embassy weekly. [62]

See also

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The Lom people, also known by non-Loms as Bosha or Posha or as Armenian Romani or Caucasian Romani, are an ethnic group originating from the Indian subcontinent. Their Lomavren language is a mixed language, combining an Indo-Aryan substrate with Armenian.

The following is a summary of censuses carried out in the Soviet Union:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black Sea Governorate</span> Governorate of the Russian Empire

The Black Sea Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, established in 1896 on the territory of the Black Sea Okrug of the Kuban Oblast. The administrative center of the governorate was the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk. In 1905, the population of the governorate was approximately 70,000 and its area was 6,455 square versts, making it the smallest Russian governorate by both measures. The governorate ceased to exist when the Black Sea Soviet Republic was established on its territory in the spring of 1918—later the governorate was incorporated into the Kuban-Black Sea Oblast of the Russian SFSR in March 1920.

Armenians in Central Asian states: Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, were mainly settled there during the Soviet era for various reasons.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Samarkand Oblast</span> Oblast in Turkestan, Russian Empire

The Samarkand Oblast was an oblast (province) of the Russian Empire between 1887 and 1924. It roughly corresponded to most of present-day central Uzbekistan and northwestern Tajikistan. It was created out of the northeastern part of the Emirate of Bukhara. It consisted of the uyezds of Samarkand, Dzhizak, Katta-Kurgan and Khodzhent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fergana Oblast</span> Oblast of the Russian Empire (1876–1917)

The Fergana Oblast was an oblast (province) of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of present-day Fergana Valley. It was created in 1876 when the territories of the former Khanate of Kokand were annexed to Russia. Its administrative center was the city of Skobelev.

Moscow is the most populous city in Europe and Russia, population of which is mostly made up of ethnic Russians, but it also hosts a significant population of ethnic minorities. The last census of 2021 reported 69.7% of the population was Russian.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terek Oblast</span> Oblast in Caucasus, Russian Empire

The Terek Oblast was a province (oblast) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, roughly corresponding to the central part of Russia's North Caucasian Federal District. Тhe оblast was created out of the former territories of the North Caucasian Peoples, following their conquests by Russia throughout the 19th century. The Terek Oblast bordered the Astrakhan and Stavropol governorates to the north, the Kuban Oblast to the west, the Kutaisi and Tiflis governorates to the south, and the Dagestan Oblast to the east. The administrative center of the oblast was Vladikavkaz, the current capital of North Ossetia–Alania within Russia.

Russians in Uzbekistan comprised the country's second-largest ethnic group after Uzbeks, numbering 1,653,478, in 1989 representing 5.5% of the population. During the Soviet period, Russians constituted more than half the population of the capital city, Tashkent. Uzbekistan counted nearly 1.5 million Russians, 12.5% of the population, in the 1970 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1959 Soviet census</span> National census of the Soviet Union

The 1959 Soviet census conducted in January 1959 was the first post-World War II census held in the Soviet Union.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1970 Soviet census</span> Census in the Soviet Union

The Soviet census conducted in January 1970 was the first census held in Soviet Union (USSR) in eleven years.

Salar is a town in Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan. It is part of Qibray District. The town population in 1989 was 25,521 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1979 Soviet census</span> Census in the Soviet Union

In January 1979, the Soviet Union conducted its first census in nine years. Between 1970 and 1979, the total Soviet population increased from 241,720,134 to 262,084,654, an increase of 8.4%.

The census in Azerbaijan is a process of collecting, summarizing, analyzing and publishing the demographic, economic and social data of the population living in the territory of Azerbaijan. The next census in the Republic is expected to be held in 2029.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Noyemberyan District</span> District in Armenian SSR

The Noyemberyan District was a raion (district) of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1937 to 1991 and of the Republic of Armenia from 1991 to 1995. It now constitutes the northeastern part of the Tavush Province (marz) of Armenia. Its administrative center was the town of the same name.

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