Demographics of Georgia (country)

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Demographics of Georgia
Georgia single age population pyramid 2020.png
Georgia population pyramid in 2020
Population3,688,647 (1 January 2022) [1]
Density65.3 (2018)
Growth rateDecrease2.svg1.5‰ (2017)
Birth rate14.3‰ (2017)
Death rate12.8‰ (2017)
Life expectancy73.5 years (2018)
Infant mortality rate8.1‰ (2018)
Net migration rate−0.6 (2017) [n 1] [2]
Age structure
0–14 years20% [n 1] [3]
15–64 years65.4%
65 and over14.6%
Sex ratio
Total0.92 male(s)/female [n 1] [3]
At birth1.07 male(s)/female
Under 151.09 male(s)/female
15–64 years0.96 male(s)/female
65 and over0.6 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationalitynoun: Georgian(s) adjective: Georgian
Major ethnic Georgians
Minor ethnic Ethnic minorities in Georgia
Language
Official Georgian (Abkhaz) [n 2]
Spoken Others
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1770 [4] 761,000—    
1800 [5] 784,700+3.1%
1832 [5] 892,100+13.7%
1865 [6] 1,289,200+44.5%
1886 [6] 1,641,900+27.4%
1897 [7] 1,919,400+16.9%
1914 [8] 2,697,500+40.5%
1917 [8] 2,357,800−12.6%
1921 [9] 2,677,000+13.5%
1926 2,666,494−0.4%
1939 3,540,023+32.8%
1959 4,044,045+14.2%
1970 4,686,358+15.9%
1979 4,993,182+6.5%
1989 5,400,841+8.2%
2002 4,371,535−19.1%
2002* 3,991,300−8.7%
2014 3,713,804−7.0%
Note: Present territory of Georgia [10]
* Corrected as per [11] [12] [13]

The demographic features of the population of Georgia include population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. [14]

Contents

The demographic situation in Georgia, like that of some other former Soviet republics (especially Estonia and Latvia), has been characterized by two prominent features since independence: decline in total population and significant "Georgianization" of the ethnic composition. The proportion of ethnic Georgians increased by full 10 percentage points between 1989 and 2002, rising from 73.7% to 83.7% of the population. [15] This occurred due to two migratory movements: Georgians living and working in other Soviet republics returned to their homeland, while other nationalities left Georgia. [16]

While Georgia was part of the Soviet Union the population grew steadily, rising from less than 4 million in the 1950s to a peak of 5.5 million in 1992 (including Abkhazia and Tskhinvali Region). [17] From 1992 the population began to decline sharply due to civil war and economic crisis driven mass migration throughout the 1990s and into the early 2000s. By 2013, the population has stabilized around 3.7 million (excluding Abkhazia and Tskhinvali Region). The 2002 population census in Georgia revealed a net migration loss of more than one million persons, or 20% of the population, since the early 1990s, confirmed by other studies. [18] [19] Other factors of the population decline include net birth-death deficits in the period 1995–2010 [20] and the exclusion of Abkhazia and Tskhinvali Region from the statistics since 1994, which population was estimated in 2005 at 178,000 and 49,200, respectively. [21]

Georgia was named among the highest-emigration countries in the world (relative to its population size) in a 2007 World Bank report. [22] Russia received by far most migrants from Georgia. According to United Nations data this totalled to 625 thousand by 2000, which has declined to 450 thousand by 2019. [23] Initially the out-migration was driven by non-Georgian ethnicities, but due to the war and crisis ridden 1990s, and the subsequent bad economic outlook, increasing numbers of Georgians emigrated as well. [16] The 1989 census recorded 341,000 ethnic Russians, or 6.3 per cent of the population, [24] which declined to 26,453 (0.7%) by 2014. [25] The 2010 Russian census recorded about 158,000 ethnic Georgians living in Russia, [26]

The figure below shows the demographic trend in Georgia since 1950.

    Originally determined/estimated population since 1950. [28] [30] [31]
    Correction through retro-projection (1994–2017) by UN and Geostat [32] [33]

Note: 1993–1994 drop is exclusion of Abkhazia and Tskhinvali Region from population statistics. [34]

Data correction

The 2014 census, executed in collaboration with the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), found a population gap of approximately 700,000 compared to the 2014 data from the National Statistical Office of Georgia, Geostat, which was cumulatively built on the 2002 census. Consecutive research estimated the 2002 census to be inflated by 8 to 9 percent, [20] which affected the annually updated population estimates in subsequent years. One explanation put forward by UNFPA is that families of emigrants continued to list them in 2002 as residents for fear of losing certain rights or benefits. Other factors that distorted the demographic data included a lack of quality in the registration system of migration, births, deaths and marriages. It was not until around 2010 that parts of the system became reliable again. With the support of the UNFPA, the demographic data of the period 1994–2014 has been retro-projected. The results of the project were presented and published in 2018. [12] [11] Based on this back-projection Geostat has corrected its data for these years, both in its annual publications starting from 2018, and its public access database. [13]

Vital statistics

Density of the population of Georgia by municipality (2018) Population density of Georgia by Municipality (2018).svg
Density of the population of Georgia by municipality (2018)
Distribution of the population of Georgia by municipalities Distribution of the population of Georgia by municipalities (2014).svg
Distribution of the population of Georgia by municipalities
Municipalities of Georgia by the population's predominant gender Municipalities of Georgia by Population's Predominant Gender (2014).svg
Municipalities of Georgia by the population's predominant gender
Percentage of ethnic Georgians by municipality Percentage of ethnic Georgians by municipality.svg
Percentage of ethnic Georgians by municipality
Cities and towns in Georgia by population size Cities and towns in Georgia by population size.svg
Cities and towns in Georgia by population size
Ethnic composition of the regions of Georgia Ethnic composition of the regions of Georgia (2014).svg
Ethnic composition of the regions of Georgia

Sources: United Nations, [35] Demoscope [36] , GeoStat [37]
Total population from 1994: excluding Abkhazia and Tskhinvali Region. Corrected as per retro-projection [11] [12] and as published in public access database. [13]

Births and deaths

Total area

Population per 1 Jan.Live births1Deaths1Natural change1Crude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Crude migration change (per 1000)Fertility rates
19503,528,00082,90027,00055,90023.57.715.9
19513,585,00086,80026,90059,90024.27.516.7−0.5
19523,646,00085,70026,60059,10023.57.316.20.8
19533,710,00087,20026,30060,90023.57.116.41.2
19543,775,00091,40026,00065,40024.26.917.30.2
19553,839,00092,50025,70066,80024.16.717.4−0.4
19563,904,00089,80026,50063,30023.06.816.20.7
19573,967,00089,70027,00062,70022.66.815.80.3
19584,031,00093,10027,40065,70023.16.816.3−0.2
19594,044,00098,30027,40070,90024.06.717.3−14.3
19604,129,000102,86627,01551,86624.76.518.22.82.65
19614,190,000104,42927,62153,42924.76.518.2−3.42.65
19624,258,000101,71730,39451,71723.77.116.6−0.42.63
19634,325,000100,32629,62051,32623.06.816.2−0.52.62
19644,389,00097,43329,70848,43322.06.715.3−0.52.62
19654,450,00094,98731,29146,98721.27.014.2−0.32.60
19664,505,00092,02630,38944,02620.36.713.6−1.22.57
19674,556,00089,30232,90442,30219.57.212.3−1.02.53
19684,598,00089,66032,41643,66019.47.012.4−3.22.52
19694,640,00087,06935,16941,06918.77.511.2−2.12.45
19704,674,00090,20734,28345,20719.27.311.9−4.62.62
19714,729,00090,39635,32545,39619.07.411.60.22.61
19724,778,00086,40236,40941,40218.07.610.402.53
19734,818,00088,57735,91144,57718.37.410.9−2.52.58
19744,856,00089,76137,14545,76118.47.610.8−2.92.59
19754,895,00089,71239,29245,71218.38.010.3−2.32.52
19764,920,00090,60538,87546,60518.37.910.4−5.32.52
19774,960,00089,02840,13945,02817.98.19.8−1.72.33
19784,986,00088,76640,23945,76617.88.19.8−4.62.31
19794,993,00089,80341,90747,89617.88.49.5−8.12.34
19805,029,00089,45843,34646,11217.68.69.1−1.92.26
19815,071,00092,50143,96148,54018.18.69.5−1.12.29
19825,100,00091,78442,73449,05017.98.49.6−3.92.25
19835,134,00092,66043,30149,35918.08.49.6−2.92.20
19845,167,00095,84145,78750,05418.58.89.7−3.32.24
19855,230,00097,73946,15351,58618.78.89.92.32.27
19865,234,00098,15546,35451,80118.78.89.9−9.12.26
19875,266,00094,59546,33248,26317.88.79.1−3.02.19
19885,397,00091,90547,54444,36117.18.98.316.62.13
19895,401,00091,13847,07744,06116.88.78.1−7.42.15
19905,424,00092,81550,72143,89517.19.38.1−3.82.29
19915,453,00089,09152,41636,67516.39.66.7−1.42.07
19925,467,00072,63155,07617,55513.410.23.2−0.61.72
19935,346,00055,59456,270−67611.511.6−0.1−22.0

1Births and deaths until 1959 are estimates.

Excluding Abkhazia and South Ossetia

Population per 1 Jan.Live birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Crude migration rate (per 1000)Fertility rates
19944,922,90057,31150,3266,98511.810.41.4−80.51.53
19954,742,30056,48649,2197,26711.910.11.8−38.51.57
19964,573,20055,15348,2516,90211.610.21.4−37.11.60
19974,410,20054,13648,0266,11011.410.51.1−36.71.63
19984,289,60051,49147,9073,58411.010.50.5−27.81.60
19994,197,60048,40847,90949910.710.60.1−21.51.55
20004,116,80048,16748,250−8310.710.7−0.0−19.21.59
20014,037,50046,62047,133−51310.510.6−0.1−19.21.57
20023,991,30045,12747,514−2,38710.210.8−0.6−10.81.53
20033,965,80045,45047,114−1,66410.310.7−0.4−6.01.56
20043,937,70045,75149,746−3,99510.311.2−0.9−6.21.58
20053,917,00046,06349,534−3,47110.411.1−0.7−4.61.59
20063,888,00046,84550,014−3,16910.611.2−0.6−6.81.62
20073,872,70048,49950,204−1,70511.111.4−0.3−3.61.69
20083,847,60052,44250,4901,95213.613.10.5−7.01.84
20093,829,00056,56850,7945,77414.813.31.5−6.32.01
20103,799,80055,23051,0664,16414.613.51.1−8.72.00
20113,773,60051,56549,8181,74713.713.30.4−7.31.89
20123,739,30049,96949,34762213.413.20.2−9.31.85
20133,718,40049,65748,5641,09313.413.10.3−5.91.86
20143,716,90060,63549,08711,54816.313.23.1−3.52.31
20153,721,90059,24949,12110,12815.913.22.7−1.42.31
20163,728,60056,56950,7715,79815.213.71.50.32.24
20173,721,90053,29347,8225,47114.312.91.4−3.22.14
20183,729,60051,13846,5244,61413.712.51.20.92.12
20193,723,50048,29646,6591,63713.012.50.4−2.02.01
20203,716,90046,52050,537−4,01712.513.6−1.1−0.71.97
20213,728,60045,94659,906−13,96012.316.1−3.86.91.98
20223,688,64742,31949,118−6,79911.513.3−1.8−8.91.82
20233,736,40040,21442,756−2,54210.811.4-0.613.51.70

Source: Geostat public database, [13] Geostat website, section Population and Demography. [38] [39]

Current vital statistics

Source: [38]

PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January – June 202319,43121,944−2,513
January – June 202418,63322,265−3,697
DifferenceDecrease2.svg −798 (−4.10%)Increase Negative.svg +321 (+1.46%)Increase Negative.svg +1,184

Life expectancy

Life expectancy in Georgia since 1950 Life expectancy in Georgia.svg
Life expectancy in Georgia since 1950
Life expectancy in Georgia since 1960 by gender Life expectancy by WBG -Georgia -diff.png
Life expectancy in Georgia since 1960 by gender
PeriodLife expectancy in

Years [40]

1950–195560.65
1955–1960Increase2.svg 62.65
1960–1965Increase2.svg 64.65
1965–1970Increase2.svg 66.65
1970–1975Increase2.svg 68.15
1975–1980Increase2.svg 69.64
1980–1985Decrease2.svg 69.63
1985–1990Increase2.svg 70.45
1990–1995Decrease2.svg 70.11
1995–2000Increase2.svg 71.09
2000–2005Increase2.svg 72.60
2005–2010Increase2.svg 72.65
2010–2015Increase2.svg 72.74
2015–2020Increase2.svg 73.52
2020–2025Increase2.svg 74.24

by regions

region20192019
→2021		20212021
→2022		20222019
→2022
overallmalefemaleF Δ MoveralloverallmalefemaleF Δ M
Georgia on average73.4768.4978.439.94−1.7871.69−0.1071.5966.7676.469.70−1.88
Shida Kartli 74.6269.5379.8310.30−1.8072.82−0.1172.7167.7777.8210.05−1.91
Kvemo Kartli 74.3369.2779.4710.20−1.8072.53−0.1172.4267.5277.489.96−1.91
Imereti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti 74.2869.2279.4110.19−1.8072.48−0.1172.3767.4777.429.95−1.91
Samtskhe–Javakheti 74.1269.0879.2210.14−1.7972.33−0.1172.2267.3377.239.90−1.90
Adjara 72.7867.8677.599.73−1.7671.02−0.1170.9166.1575.649.49−1.87
Guria 72.5267.6377.279.64−1.7570.77−0.1170.6665.9275.339.41−1.86
Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 72.4667.5777.209.63−1.7570.71−0.1170.6065.8675.269.40−1.86
Tbilisi 71.7866.4677.2410.78−1.7370.05−0.1169.9464.7875.3010.52−1.84
Kakheti 71.1066.3375.549.21−1.7169.39−0.1169.2864.6673.658.99−1.82
Mtskheta-Mtianeti 65.5360.6469.528.88−1.5863.95−0.1063.8559.1167.778.66−1.68

Data source: Global Data Lab [41]

Structure of the population

Structure of the population (01.01.2019) : [42]

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total1 790 6001 929 6003 720 200
100%
0–4141 300131 900273 200
7.35%
5–9134 600124 300258 900
6.96%
10–14118 500106 200224 700
6.04%
15–19109 10096 500205 600
5.53%
20–24115 400104 000219 400
5.90%
25–29129 700126 100255 800
6.88%
30–34136 000135 100271 100
7.28%
35–39126 500127 600254 100
6.83%
40–44119 100121 400240 500
6.46%
45–49115 100119 100234 200
6.30%
50–54111 800121 300233 100
6.27%
55–59120 800139 800260 600
7.00%
60–64102 500129 300231 800
6.23%
65–6980 800112 800193 600
5.20%
70–7451 30080 200131 500
3.53%
75–7936 10064 800100 900
2.71%
80–8428 90058 70087 600
2.36%
85+13 00030 60043 600
1.17%
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14394 400362 400756 800
20.35%
15–641 186 0001 220 2002 406 200
64.68%
65+210 100347 100557 200
14.97%

Ethnic groups

Georgians are the predominant ethnic group in Georgia, according to the 2014 census 86.83% of the population. The proportion in 2014 was much higher than in preceding censuses as in 2014 Abkhazia and Tskhinvali Region were not under government control and therefore not included. As a result of this the proportion of Ossetians and Abkhazians was very low (0.39% and 0.02%, respectively).

Population of Georgia in 2014

  Georgians (86.8%)
  Azerbaijanis (6.3%)
  Armenians (4.5%)
  Russians (0.7%)
  Ossetians (0.4%)
  Yazidis (0.3%)
  Ukrainians (0.2%)
  Greeks (0.2%)
  Assyrians (0.1%)
  Others (0.5%)
Population of Georgia according to ethnic group 1800–1897
YearGeorgiansArmeniansRussiansOssetiansTranscaucasian
Tatars		AbkhaziansGreeksJewsGermansOthersTotal
# %# %# %# %# %# %# %# %# %# %
1800 [43] 622,600
79.4%
47,000
6.0%
——29,300
3.7%
30,000
3.8%
52,000
6.6%
500
0.1%
3,300
0.4%
————784,700
1832 [43] 677,100
75.9%
84,000
9.4%
——32,300
3.6%
27,000
3.0%
56,600
6.3%
7,000
0.8%
4,000
0.5%
——4,100
0.5%
892,100
1865 [44] 950,600
73.8%
122,600
9.5%
25,900
2.0%
45,500
3.6%
51,500
4.0%
60,000
4.6%
12,000
0.9%
7,800
0.6%
4,200
0.3%
9,100
0.7%
1,289,200
1886 [44] 1,188,100
72.4%
172,900
10.5%
42,500
2.6%
71,000
4.3%
62,600
3.8%
38,000
2.3%
28,800
1.8%
11,700
0.7%
5,500
0.3%
20,800
1.3%
1,641,900
1897 [44] 1,331,300
69.4%
197,000
10.3%
101,000
5.3%
81,500
4.2%
81,100
4.2%
42,600
2.2%
38,500
2.0%
17,200
0.9%
7,400
0.4%
21,800
1.1%
1,919,400
Population of Georgia according to ethnic group 1926–2014
Ethnic
group		census 19261census 19392census 19593census 19704census 19795census 19896census 20026census 20147
Number %Number %Number %Number %Number %Number %Number %Number %
Georgians 1,788,18666.82,173,92261.42,600,58864.33,130,74166.83,433,01168.83,787,39370.13,661,17383.83,224,56486.8
Azerbaijanis 137,921 [45] 5.2188,058 [46] 5.3153,6003.8217,7584.6255,6785.1307,5565.7284,7616.5233,0246.3
Armenians 307,01811.5415,01311.7442,91611.0452,3099.7448,0009.0437,2118.1248,9295.7168,1024.5
Russians 96,0853.6308,6848.7407,88610.1396,6948.5371,6087.4341,1726.367,6711.526,4530.7
Ossetians 113,2984.2147,6774.2141,1783.5150,1853.2160,4973.2164,0553.038,0280.914,3850.4
Yazidis 2,2620.112,9150.416,2120.420,6900.425,6880.533,3310.618,3290.412,1740.3
Kurds 7,9550.32,5140.11,5960.0
Ukrainians 14,3560.545,5951.352,2361.349,6221.145,0360.952,4431.07,0390.26,0340.2
Greeks 54,0512.084,6362.472,9381.889,2461.995,1051.9100,3241.915,1660.35,5440.2
Assyrians 2,9040.14,7070.15,0050.15,6170.15,2860.16,2060.13,2990.12,3770.1
Jews 30,3891.142,3001.251,5821.355,3821.228,2980.624,7950.52,3330.01,4050.0
Abkhazians 56,8472.157,8051.662,8781.579,4491.785,2851.795,8531.83,5270.18640.0
Others65,9612.558,7111.737,0260.938,6650.839,6900.850,5020.918,7660.417,2820.5
Total2,677,2333,540,0234,044,0454,686,3584,993,1825,400,8414,371,5353,713,804
1 Source: . 2 Source: . 3 Source: . 4 Source: . 5 Source: . 6 Source: . 7 Source: .

Immigration

Georgia net migration, 1994–2011
YearNet Migration
1994-194,634
1995-176,326
1996-169,889
1997-126,695
1998-95,611
1999-81,302
2000-79,235
2001-45,686
2002-23,130
2003-26,376
2004-16,758
2005-25,518
2006-12,086
2007-23,418
2008-20,542
2009-34,948
2010-30,438
2011-35,982

[47]

Georgia Net migration, 2012–present
YearImmigrationEmigrationNet Migration
201269,06390,584-21,521
201392,45895,064-2,606
201482,16188,704-6,543
201592,55795,965-3,408
201690,22898,288-8,060
201783,38985,451-2,062
201888,15298,935-10,783
201996,864105,107-8,243
202089,99674,26415,732
202174,00899,974-25,966
2022179,778125,26954,509
2023205,875245,064-39,189

Languages

The most widespread language group is the Kartvelian family, which includes Georgian, Svan, Mingrelian and Laz. [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] The official languages of Georgia are Georgian, with Abkhaz having official status within the autonomous region of Abkhazia. Georgian is the primary language of 87.7 percent of the population, followed by 6.2 percent speaking Azerbaijani, 3.9 percent Armenian, 1.2 percent Russian, and 1 percent other languages. [54]

Languages of Georgia in 2014

  Georgian (87.64%)
  Azerbaijani (6.23%)
  Armenian (3.90%)
  Russian (1.24%)
  Ossetian (0.15%)
  Other (0.84%)
Population of Georgia by native language
Language2002 census [55] 2014 census [56]
# %# %
Georgian 3,677,995
84.14%
3,254,852
87.64%
Azerbaijani 283,632
6.49%
231,436
6.23%
Armenian 235,653
5.39%
144,812
3.90%
Russian 83,007
1.90%
45,920
1.24%
Ossetian 31,381
0.72%
5,698
0.15%
Other59,867
1.36%
31,014
0.84%
Not stated——72
0.00%
Total4,371,5353,713,804

Religion

Religion (2014 Georgian census)

  Georgian Orthodox Church (83.41%)
  Armenian Apostolic Church (2.94%)
  Catholic Church (0.52%)
  Jehovah's Witnesses (0.33%)
  Protestantism (0.07%)
  Islam (10.73%)
  Yazidism (0.23%)
  Judaism (0.04%)
  Other, irreligious or unspecified (1.73%)
Religion2002 [57] 2014 [58]
# %# %
Christianity 3,872,099
88.58%
3,240,724
87.27%
–Georgian Orthodox Church 3,679,233
83.87%
3,097,573
83.41%
–Armenian Apostolic Church 171,139
3.92%
109,041
2.94%
–Catholic Church 34,727
0.79%
19,195
0.52%
–Jehovah's Witnesses ——12,395
0.33%
–Protestantism ——2,520
0.07%
Islam 433,784
9.92%
398,677
10.73%
Yazidism ——8,591
0.23%
Judaism 3,541
0.08%
1,417
0.04%
Other religions62,111
1.42%
1,429
0.04%
No religion ——19,080
0.51%
Refusal——9,635
0.26%
Religion not stated——34,251
0.92%
Total4,371,535
100.0%
3,713,804
100.0%

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 Does not including data of the Russian occupied territories of Georgia
  2. ↑ Official only in Abkhazia.

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References

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  2. ↑ "Migration". National Statistics Office of Georgia. 2017. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
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  4. ↑ Jaoshvili (1984), p. 48.
  5. 1 2 Jaoshvili (1984), p. 72.
  6. 1 2 Jaoshvili (1984), pp. 87–88.
  7. ↑ Jaoshvili (1984), p. 92.
  8. 1 2 Jaoshvili (1984), p. 95.
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  16. 1 2 Jones, Stephen (2013). Georgia: A Political History Since Independence. I.B. Tauris, distributed by Palgrave Macmillan. p. 204. ISBN   978-1-84511-338-4.
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  44. 1 2 3 Jaoshvili (1984), p. 112.
  45. ↑ Including 56,110 Meskhetian Turks
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  48. ↑ Boeder (2002), p. 3.
  49. ↑ Boeder (2005), p. 6.
  50. ↑ Gamkrelidze (1966), p. 69.
  51. ↑ Fähnrich & Sardzhveladze (2000).
  52. ↑ Kajaia (2001).
  53. ↑ Klimov (1998), p. 14.
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Bibliography

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