Georgia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and West Asia. It is part of the Caucasus region, bounded by the Black Sea to the west, Russia to the north and northeast, Turkey to the southwest, Armenia to the south, and Azerbaijan to the southeast. Georgia covers an area of 69,700 square kilometres (26,900 sq mi). It has a population of 3.7 million, of which over a third live in the capital and largest city, Tbilisi. Georgians, who are indigenous to the region, constitute a majority and a titular nation in Georgia.
The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, also known as Soviet Georgia, the Georgian SSR, or simply Georgia, was one of the republics of the Soviet Union from its second occupation in 1921 to its independence in 1991. Coterminous with the present-day republic of Georgia, it was based on the traditional territory of Georgia, which had existed as a series of independent states in the Caucasus prior to the first occupation of annexation in the course of the 19th century. The Georgian SSR was formed in 1921 and subsequently incorporated in the Soviet Union in 1922. Until 1936 it was a part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, which existed as a union republic within the USSR. From November 18, 1989, the Georgian SSR declared its sovereignty over Soviet laws. The republic was renamed the Republic of Georgia on November 14, 1990, and subsequently became independent before the dissolution of the Soviet Union on April 9, 1991, whereupon each former SSR became a sovereign state.
Giorgi (George) V. Tsereteli FRAS was a Georgian scientist and public benefactor, founder of the well-known Georgian scientific school of Oriental Studies. He founded both the Faculty of Oriental Studies of the Tbilisi State University (TSU) the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (GNAS), the latter of which he was the first Director. He was also an Academician of GNAS, a Meritorious Scientific Worker of Georgia, a Doctor of Philological Sciences and a Professor.
Vakhushti was a Georgian royal prince (batonishvili), geographer, historian and cartographer. His principal historical and geographic works, Description of the Kingdom of Georgia and the Geographical Atlas, were inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register in 2013.
Vakhtang VI, also known as Vakhtang the Scholar, Vakhtang the Lawgiver and Ḥosaynqolī Khan, was a Georgian monarch of the royal Bagrationi dynasty. He ruled the East Georgian Kingdom of Kartli as a vassal of Safavid Persia from 1716 to 1724. One of the most important and extraordinary statesman of early 18th-century Georgia, he is known as a notable legislator, scholar, critic, translator and poet. His reign was eventually terminated by the Ottoman invasion following the disintegration of Safavid Persia, which forced Vakhtang into exile in the Russian Empire. Vakhtang was unable to get the tsar's support for his kingdom and instead had to permanently stay with his northern neighbors for his own safety. On his way to a diplomatic mission sanctioned by Empress Anna, he fell ill and died in southern Russia in 1737, never reaching Georgia.
For articles related to Georgia, see Category:Georgia (country)
Dvaleti was a historical and ethnographic region in medieval Georgia. Territory in the central part of the Greater Caucasus Mountains, between Mamison Pass and Darial Gorge was associated with Dvaleti. According to Vakhusthi Bagrationi territory of Dvaleti included several gorges, namely: Kasris-Kkhevi, Zramaga, Zhghele, Nara Gorge, Zrogo, and Zakha. Some authors also mentioned Trusso Gorge and Magrandvaleti as being part of Dvaleti, while others disagree. Dvaleti was integral part of the Georgian Kingdoms from the 4th to 3rd century BC onward. After the Russian annexation of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti, in 1859 Dvaleti was excluded from the Tiflis Governorate and incorporated into the Terek Oblast. On modern maps historical region Dvaleti can be found in the south of North Ossetia–Alania, Russian Federation.
The Dvals were a ethnographic group of Georgians. Their lands lying on both sides of the central Greater Caucasus mountains, somewhere between the Darial and Mamison gorges. This historic territory mostly covers the north of Kartli, parts of the Racha and Khevi regions in Georgia and south of Ossetia in Russia.
Azerbaijanis in Georgia or Georgian Azerbaijanis are Georgian citizens of an ethnic Azerbaijani background. According to the 2014 census, there are 233,024 ethnic Azerbaijanis living in Georgia.
Glaciers in Georgia are mainly located along the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range.
Alexander Nikolayevich Javakhishvili born 17 August 1875, in Gori, Georgia – died January 22, 1973, Tbilisi, Georgia) was a Soviet and Georgian geographer and anthropologist.
Givi Maisuradze is a Georgian geologist, professor and doctor of science. He and his wife Nina Klopotovskaia, a paleontologist, were part of the research team that discovered early hominin skulls and later skeletons dating back to 1.8 million years old in Dmanisi, Georgia.
Levan Iosifovich Maruashvili was a prominent Georgian geographer. Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1954), professor (1965). Honored Scientist of the Georgian SSR (1966) and Abkhaz ASSR. Honorary member of the Russian Geographical Society (1985). He introduced a new concept of Karstosphere into the science. Krubera Cave, which is the world’s deepest known cave, was discovered by the Georgian researchers in 1960 by the leadership of Professor Levan Maruashvili.
The Dmanisi historic site is a historic and archaeological site in Georgia, located north of the village of Patara Dmanisi, Dmanisi Municipality, in south-central region of Kvemo Kartli, some 85 km southwest of Tbilisi, Georgia's capital.
David Ukleba was a Georgian geographer. Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1971), professor (1985). Honored Scientist of the Georgian SSR (1984). He created a solid foundation for development of landscape science in Georgia.
Nikoloz (Niko) Beruchashvili was a famous Georgian geographer and cartographer. Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1981), professor (1983). The Vice president of the Geographical Society of Georgia (1998–2006). He introduced into the landscape science a new term of "STEX".
Zurab Tatashidze (Tintilozov) (Georgian: ზურაბ ტატაშიძე; September 24, 1928 – June 12, 2011) was a Georgian geographer. Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1973), professor (1979). Corresponding member of the Georgian Academy of Sciences (1997). Director of the Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography (1993–2005). President of the Georgian National Speleological Society (1998–2004). He was one of the discoverers of the New Athos Cave in 1961, which became one of the important tourism destinations in Europe.
Alexander Aslanikashvili was a Georgian cartographer. Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1969). Corresponding member of the Georgian Academy of Sciences (1979). Professor of the Tbilisi State University and the Chair of Cartography and Geodesy (1973–81). Director of the Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography (1980–81). He developed his theory of cartography, which is called Metacartography.
Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography is a scientific research institution, which was founded in 1933 on the basis of the Faculty of Geography of the Tbilisi State University in the city of Tbilisi. Some attempts at establishing geographical institutions in Georgia were undertaken even earlier. The initiator and inspirer of this event was academician Alexander Javakhishvili. In its first year the institute published 13 works with 50 various thematic maps. The Georgian Academy of Sciences was created in 1941, while the institute joined it in 1945, and in that same year was renamed after the Georgian scientist Vakhushti Bagrationi. When the institute was founded, it focused primarily on physical-geographical and economic-geographical research on separate administrative Georgian districts, and created relevant maps. Key features of the Georgian climate were studied. The institute returned to TSU in 2010.
Nana Bolashvili is a Georgian geographer. From 2006 to 2007 she served as a deputy director of the Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography of the Tbilisi State University. Since 2007 she has served as a director of the Institute. She is the president of the Alexander Javakhishvili Geographical Society of Georgia and member of the Editorial-Publishing Board of the Journal Amirani of the International Scientific-Research Institute of Caucasiology.
