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Demographics of Macau | |
---|---|
Population | 635,293 (2022 est.) |
Growth rate | 0.75% (2022 est.) |
Birth rate | 5.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.) |
Death rate | 4.4 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.) |
Life expectancy | 84.98 years |
• male | 82.09 years |
• female | 88.02 years |
Fertility rate | 0.58 children born/woman (2023 est.) |
Infant mortality rate | 4.59 deaths/1,000 live births |
Net migration rate | 3.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Age structure | |
0–14 years | 14.41% |
15–64 years | 70.73% |
65 and over | 14.86% |
Sex ratio | |
Total | 0.9 male(s)/female (2022 est.) |
At birth | 1.05 male(s)/female |
Under 15 | 1.05 male(s)/female |
65 and over | 0.74 male(s)/female |
Nationality | |
Nationality | Chinese |
Major ethnic | Han Chinese (88.7%) |
Language | |
Spoken | Cantonese (80.1%) |
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Demographic features of the population of Macau include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Macau's population is 95% Chinese, primarily Cantonese and some Hakka, both from nearby Guangdong Province. The majority of the remainder are of Portuguese or mixed Chinese-Portuguese ancestry. Some Japanese, including descendants of Japanese Catholics who were expelled by shōguns, also live in Macau.
The official languages are Portuguese and Cantonese Chinese. The residents commonly (85.7%) speak Cantonese, Mandarin is spoken by 3.2% at home, about 40% are able to communicate in standard Mandarin. English and Portuguese are spoken as a first language by 1.5% and 0.6% respectively, while English is widely taught as a second language. The other popular topolect is Hokkien (Min Nan), spoken by a small percentage of the population. The creole Macanese language (Patuá or Macaista Chapado) is almost extinct.
The following are data on vital statistics. [1] [2]
Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | TFR | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1970 | 248,600 | 2,676 | 1,516 | 1,160 | 11.6 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 2.167 |
1971 | 246,200 | 2,637 | 1,543 | 1,094 | 10.9 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 1.979 |
1972 | 243,900 | 2,750 | 1,539 | 1,211 | 10.3 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 1.818 |
1973 | 241,700 | 2,686 | 1,410 | 1,276 | 10.0 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 1.679 |
1974 | 239,400 | 2,781 | 1,579 | 1,202 | 9.7 | 5.4 | 4.3 | 1.562 |
1975 | 237,000 | 2,583 | 1,398 | 1,185 | 9.7 | 5.4 | 4.3 | 1.478 |
1976 | 234,200 | 2,369 | 1,517 | 852 | 10.2 | 5.4 | 4.7 | 1.437 |
1977 | 231,700 | 2,532 | 1,424 | 1,108 | 11.0 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 1.445 |
1978 | 233,100 | 2,407 | 1,360 | 1,047 | 12.4 | 5.5 | 6.9 | 1.499 |
1979 | 237,300 | 3,019 | 1,504 | 1,515 | 14.1 | 5.6 | 8.5 | 1.591 |
1980 | 242,000 | 3,784 | 1,555 | 2,229 | 16.0 | 5.6 | 10.4 | 1.709 |
1981 | 247,600 | 4,207 | 1,465 | 2,742 | 18.0 | 5.6 | 12.4 | 1.835 |
1982 | 261,700 | 5,262 | 1,488 | 6,750 | 19.8 | 5.6 | 14.2 | 1.953 |
1983 | 276,900 | 6,168 | 1,514 | 4,654 | 21.3 | 5.6 | 15.8 | 2.046 |
1984 | 288,800 | 6,666 | 1,488 | 5,178 | 22.4 | 5.5 | 16.9 | 2.104 |
1985 | 290,600 | 7,560 | 1,466 | 6,094 | 22.9 | 5.3 | 17.6 | 2.121 |
1986 | 301,500 | 7,477 | 1,324 | 6,153 | 22.9 | 5.2 | 17.7 | 2.094 |
1987 | 312,200 | 7,565 | 1,321 | 6,244 | 22.4 | 5.0 | 17.3 | 2.031 |
1988 | 319,800 | 7,913 | 1,437 | 6,476 | 21.5 | 4.9 | 16.6 | 1.944 |
1989 | 330,400 | 7,568 | 1,516 | 6,052 | 20.3 | 4.7 | 15.6 | 1.838 |
1990 | 339,500 | 6,872 | 1,482 | 5,390 | 19.0 | 4.5 | 14.5 | 1.722 |
1991 | 363,800 | 6,832 | 1,335 | 5,497 | 17.6 | 4.4 | 13.2 | 1.605 |
1992 | 378,000 | 6,676 | 1,432 | 5,244 | 16.2 | 4.3 | 12.0 | 1.494 |
1993 | 390,000 | 6,267 | 1,531 | 4,736 | 14.9 | 4.2 | 10.8 | 1.394 |
1994 | 403,600 | 6,115 | 1,330 | 4,785 | 13.8 | 4.1 | 9.7 | 1.308 |
1995 | 415,000 | 5,876 | 1,351 | 4,525 | 12.8 | 4.0 | 8.8 | 1.236 |
1996 | 415,200 | 5,468 | 1,413 | 4,055 | 12.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 | 1.174 |
1997 | 419,400 | 5,031 | 1,293 | 3,738 | 11.1 | 3.9 | 7.2 | 1.116 |
1998 | 425,200 | 4,434 | 1,356 | 3,078 | 10.3 | 3.9 | 6.4 | 1.059 |
1999 | 429,600 | 4,148 | 1,374 | 2,774 | 9.6 | 3.9 | 5.7 | 1.002 |
2000 | 431,500 | 3,849 | 1,338 | 2,511 | 8.8 | 3.9 | 5.0 | 0.95 |
2001 | 436,300 | 3,241 | 1,327 | 1,914 | 8.2 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 0.818 |
2002 | 440,500 | 3,162 | 1,415 | 1,747 | 7.7 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 0.813 |
2003 | 446,700 | 3,212 | 1,474 | 1,738 | 7.5 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 0.837 |
2004 | 462,600 | 3,308 | 1,533 | 1,775 | 7.4 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 0.855 |
2005 | 484,300 | 3,671 | 1,615 | 2,056 | 7.5 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 0.912 |
2006 | 509,900 | 4,058 | 1,566 | 2,492 | 7.8 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 0.954 |
2007 | 531,800 | 4,537 | 1,545 | 2,992 | 8.2 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 1.008 |
2008 | 543,100 | 4,717 | 1,756 | 2,961 | 8.7 | 3.7 | 5.0 | 0.979 |
2009 | 533,300 | 4,764 | 1,644 | 3,120 | 9.3 | 3.7 | 5.6 | 1.004 |
2010 | 540,600 | 5,114 | 1,774 | 3,340 | 9.9 | 3.7 | 6.2 | 1.070 |
2011 | 557,400 | 5,852 | 1,845 | 4,007 | 10.4 | 3.7 | 6.8 | 1.150 |
2012 | 582,000 | 7,315 | 1,841 | 5,474 | 10.9 | 3.7 | 7.3 | 1.357 |
2013 | 607,500 | 6,571 | 1,920 | 4,651 | 11.4 | 3.7 | 7.7 | 1.150 |
2014 | 636,200 | 7,360 | 1,939 | 5,421 | 11.7 | 3.7 | 8.0 | 1.224 |
2015 | 646,800 | 7,055 | 2,002 | 5,053 | 12.0 | 3.8 | 8.2 | 1.142 |
2016 | 644,900 | 7,146 | 2,238 | 4,908 | 12.1 | 3.8 | 8.3 | 1.138 |
2017 | 653,100 | 6,529 | 2,120 | 4,409 | 10.0 | 3.2 | 6.8 | 1.021 |
2018 | 667,400 | 5,925 | 2,069 | 3,856 | 9.0 | 3.1 | 5.9 | 0.915 |
2019 | 679,600 | 5,979 | 2,282 | 3,697 | 8.9 | 3.4 | 5.5 | 0.899 |
2020 | 683,100 | 5,545 | 2,230 | 3,315 | 8.1 | 3.3 | 4.8 | 0.841 |
2021 | 683,200 | 5,026 | 2,320 | 2,706 | 7.4 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 0.756 |
2022 | 672,800 | 4,344 | 3,004 | 1,340 | 6.5 | 4.5 | 2.0 | 0.680 |
2023 | 683,700 | 3,712 | 2,981 | 731 | 5.5 | 4.4 | 1.1 | 0.586 |
Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
---|---|---|---|
January - June 2023 | 1,907 | 1,818 | +89 |
January - June 2024 | 1,709 | 1,251 | +458 |
Difference | -198 (-10.38%) | -567 (-31.19%) | +369 |
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020): [4]
Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 326 700 | 358 700 | 685 400 | 100 |
0–4 | 16 700 | 15 300 | 32 000 | 4.67 |
5–9 | 18 000 | 16 200 | 34 200 | 4.99 |
10–14 | 12 900 | 11 500 | 24 400 | 3.56 |
15–19 | 12 700 | 12 300 | 25 000 | 3.65 |
20–24 | 22 100 | 22 100 | 44 200 | 6.45 |
25–29 | 25 800 | 24 800 | 50 600 | 7.38 |
30–34 | 35 900 | 39 000 | 74 900 | 10.93 |
35–39 | 30 900 | 35 100 | 66 000 | 9.63 |
40–44 | 23 500 | 27 300 | 50 800 | 7.41 |
45–49 | 22 300 | 28 800 | 51 100 | 7.46 |
50–54 | 19 600 | 28 200 | 47 800 | 6.97 |
55–59 | 23 800 | 30 300 | 54 100 | 7.89 |
60–64 | 22 800 | 23 900 | 46 700 | 6.81 |
65-69 | 16 500 | 17 200 | 33 700 | 4.92 |
70-74 | 11 500 | 11 100 | 22 600 | 3.30 |
75-79 | 5 500 | 5 300 | 10 800 | 1.58 |
80-84 | 3 300 | 4 300 | 7 600 | 1.11 |
85+ | 2 900 | 6 000 | 8 900 | 1.30 |
Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
0–14 | 47 600 | 43 000 | 90 600 | 13.22 |
15–64 | 239 400 | 271 800 | 511 200 | 74.58 |
65+ | 39 700 | 43 900 | 83 600 | 12.20 |
Macao is the territory with the world's second highest life expectancy behind Hong Kong.
Period | Life expectancy in Years | Period | Life expectancy in Years |
---|---|---|---|
1950–1955 | 61.0 | 1985–1990 | 76.6 |
1955–1960 | 63.6 | 1990–1995 | 78.1 |
1960–1965 | 66.0 | 1995–2000 | 79.8 |
1965–1970 | 68.1 | 2000–2005 | 81.0 |
1970–1975 | 70.7 | 2005–2010 | 82.1 |
1975–1980 | 73.1 | 2010–2015 | 83.3 |
1980–1985 | 74.8 |
Source: UN World Population Prospects [5]
The following are information on ethnicity and nationalities based on data from the Statistics and Census Service. [6]
Immigration is an essential component of the population. Results of the 2011 Population Census indicated that 326,376 (59.1% of the total population) were born outside Macau, an increase of 3.0 percentage points over the last ten years. Analysed by place of birth, 255,186 (46.2%) were born in Mainland China, down by 1.2 percentage points from 2001. 226,127 (40.9%) were born in Macau, 19,355 (3.5%) in Hong Kong and 1,835 (0.3%) in Portugal. There were more persons born in other countries or territories as the number of non-resident workers increased. Among them, 14,544 were born in the Philippines, 7,199 in Vietnam and 6,269 in Indonesia, altogether taking up 5.1% of the total population. 1,942 were born in Europe other than Portugal, 2,252 in Americas, 959 in Africa and 672 in Oceania. Analysed by age group, 85.2% of the youth population (aged 0–14) were born in Macau, and 62.9% of those aged 35 and above were born in Mainland China.
As of 2011 [update] 35,578 people in Macau were originally from Fujian province in Mainland China, making up about 25% of the Mainland China-born people. The number of Fujianese in Macau increased after the 1999 handover. [7]
Analysed by nationality, 509,788 (92.3% of the total population) were of Chinese nationality, down by 2.9 percentage points from the 2001 Census; meanwhile, only 0.9% was of Portuguese nationality, a decrease of 1.1 percentage points. These figures can be misleading, because more than a 100,000 people in Macau are holders of a Portuguese passport, making them in effect Portuguese citizens. Over the last ten years, diversity of the various components of the population is enhanced as economic development has drawn people to invest, work or study in Macau; consequently, 37,695 (6.8%) were of other nationalities, up by 4.0 percentage points, with 2.7% being Filipinos. Macau is a Chinese community and those of Chinese ethnicity totaled 510,383, an increase of 94,030 over the past ten years; however, its proportion to the total population decreased by 3.3 percentage points to 92.4%. Those of wholly or partly Portuguese ethnicity totaled 8,106, up slightly by 333 compared with 2001; its proportion to the total decreased by 0.3 percentage point to 1.5%.
Ethnic group | 1991 census | 2001 census | 2011 census | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
Chinese | 338,191 | 95.1 | 416,353 | 95.7 | 510,383 | 92.4 |
Chinese & Portuguese | 4,477 | 1.3 | 4,254 | 1.0 | 4,019 | 0.7 |
Portuguese | 4,221 | 1.2 | 2,810 | 0.6 | 3,485 | 0.6 |
Chinese & non-Portuguese | 1,771 | 0.4 | 1,601 | 0.3 | ||
Others | 7,804 | 2.2 | 10,047 | 2.3 | 33,015 | 6.0 |
Portuguese & others | 709 | 0.2 | 602 | 0.1 | ||
Total | 355,693 | 435,235 | 552,503 |
Residents' usual language spoken at home [8] | |
---|---|
Language | Percentage of population |
Cantonese | 85.7% |
Mandarin | 3.2% |
Other Chinese dialects | 6.7% |
Portuguese | 0.6% |
English | 1.5% |
Others | 2.3% |
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.
This is a demography of the population of Guinea-Bissau including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Macau or Macao is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. With a population of about 710,000 people and a land area of 32.9 km2 (12.7 sq mi), it is the most densely populated region in the world.
The economy of Macau is a highly developed market economy. Macau's economy has remained one of the most open in the world since its handover to China in 1999. Apparel exports and gambling-related tourism are mainstays of the economy. Since Macau has little arable land and few natural resources, it depends on mainland China for most of its food, fresh water, and energy imports. Japan and Hong Kong are the main suppliers of raw materials and capital goods. Although Macau was hit hard by the 1997–98 Asian financial crisis and the early 2000s recession, its economy grew approximately 13.1% annually on average between 2001 and 2006. Macau is a full Member of the World Trade Organization. Public security has greatly improved after handover to the People's Republic of China. With the tax revenue from the profitable gambling industry, the Macau government is able to introduce the social welfare program of 15 years of free education to all Macau citizens. In 2015, Macau's economy saw a sharp decrease due to the reduced spending by visitors from Mainland China since the Anti-corruption campaign under Xi Jinping.
The special administrative regions (SAR) of the People's Republic of China are one of four types of province-level divisions of the People's Republic of China directly under the control of its Central People's Government, being integral areas of the country. As a region, they possess the highest degree of autonomy from China's central government. However, despite the relative autonomy that the Central People's Government offers the special administrative regions, the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee remains capable of enforcing laws for the special administrative regions.
There are several hundred languages in China. The predominant language is Standard Chinese, which is based on Beijingese, but there are hundreds of related Chinese languages, collectively known as Hanyu, that are spoken by 92% of the population. The Chinese languages are typically divided into seven major language groups, and their study is a distinct academic discipline. They differ as much from each other morphologically and phonetically as do English, German and Danish, but meanwhile share the same writing system (Hanzi) and are mutually intelligible in written form. There are in addition approximately 300 minority languages spoken by the remaining 8% of the population of China. The ones with greatest state support are Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur and Zhuang.
The Macanese people are a multiracial East Asian ethnic group that originated in Macau in the 16th century, consisting of people of predominantly mixed Cantonese and Portuguese as well as Malay, Japanese, English, Dutch, Sinhalese, and Indian ancestry.
Macau is an autonomous territory within China. A Portuguese colony until 1999, Macau has a diverse culture firmly rooted in Cantonese culture, with a mix of influences from East Asia and Western Europe. Macau is known for being the largest gambling center in the world.
Tourism is a major industry in Macau. It is famous for the blend of Portuguese and Chinese cultures and its gambling industry, which includes Casino Lisboa, Macau, Sands Macau, The Venetian Macao, and Wynn Macau.
The Han Chinese people can be defined into subgroups based on linguistic, cultural, ethnic, genetic, and regional features. The terminology used in Mandarin to describe the groups is: "minxi", used in mainland China or "zuqun", used in Taiwan. No Han subgroup is recognized as one of People's Republic of China's 56 official ethnic groups, in Taiwan only three subgroups, Hoklo, Hakka and Waishengren are recognized.
Chinese nationality law details the conditions by which a person holds nationality of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The primary law governing these requirements is the Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China, which came into force on September 10, 1980.
The Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of Chinapassport is a passport issued to Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of the Chinese Special Administrative Region of Macau.
Religion in Macau is represented predominantly by Buddhism and Chinese folk religions. During the period in which the city was under Portuguese rule (1557–1999) the Catholic Church became one of the dominant faiths, but nowadays it has greatly declined.
Articles related to Macau include:
Macanese Portuguese is a Portuguese dialect spoken in Macau, where Portuguese is co-official with Cantonese. Macanese Portuguese is spoken, to some degree either natively or as a second language, by roughly 2.3% of the population of Macau. It should not be confused with Macanese language, a distinct Portuguese creole that developed in Macau during the Portuguese rule.
In Macau, vehicle registration marks have been issued by the Transport Bureau since 2008. The bureau does not provide the registration plates themselves; these are made by garages and vehicle accessory shops at the owners' request.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Macau:
The Government of the Macau Special Administrative Region allows citizens of specific countries/territories to travel to Macau for tourism or business purposes for periods ranging from 14 to 180 days without having to obtain a visa. For other entry purposes, such as establishing residence on a long-term basis, a different policy applies.
Macau was a Portuguese colony from the establishment of the first official Portuguese settlement of Macau in 1557 to its handover to China in 1999. It comprised the Municipality of Macau and the Municipality of Ilhas. Macau was both the first and last European holding in China.
Macau people are people who originate from or live in Macau.
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