Demographics of Vietnam

Last updated

Demographics of Vietnam [1]
Vietnam population pyramid 01.04.2019.png
Vietnam population pyramid on census day 01/4/2019
Population100.300.000 (December 31, 2023) [2]
Density300/km² [3]
Growth rate0.97% (2021 est.) [4]
Birth rate15.2 births/1000 population (2022 est.) [4]
Death rate6.1 deaths/1000 population (2022 est.) [4]
Life expectancy73.6 years (2022 est.) [4]
  male71.1 years (2022 est.)
  female76.4 years (2022 est.)
Fertility rate2.01 births/woman (2022 est.) [4]
Infant mortality rate12.1 deaths/1000 live births (2022 est.) [4]
Age structure
0–14 years24% (2019) [5]
15–64 years68.4% (2019)
65 and over7.6% (2019)
Sex ratio
Total0.995 male(s)/female (2022) [4]
At birth1.116 male(s)/female (2022) [2]
Under 151.1 male(s)/female
15–64 years1 male (s)/female
65 and over0.62 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationalitynoun: Vietnamese (singular and plural) adjective: Vietnamese
Major ethnic Kinh (85.32%)
Minor ethnic Tay (1.92%), Thái (1.89%), Muong (1.51%), Hmong (1.45%), Khmer (1.37%), Nung (1.13%), Other (5.41%)
Language
Official Vietnamese language
SpokenVietnamese and many minority and mountain area languages

Demographic features of the population of Vietnam include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Contents

Originating in northern Vietnam, the Vietnamese people pushed southward over two millennia to occupy the entire eastern seacoast of the Indochinese Peninsula. Ethnic Vietnamese, or Viet (known officially as Kinh), live in the lowlands and speak the Vietnamese language, as opposed to the many ethnic groups of Vietnam who are known to occupy the mountainous regions. The Kinh group does represent much of the cultural and political landscape of Vietnam.

Vietnam's population may be expected to approach to 100 million by the end of 2023, making it the 15th largest country by population in the world. [6] [7] It is predicted that by 2035, Vietnam will become an aged society. [8] [9]

Population

Historical population of Vietnam Historical population of Vietnam.svg
Historical population of Vietnam

Historic estimates

[10] Total population (1,000's)
0ca. 800
500ca. 550
1000ca. 800
15002 000
17003 000
18506 110
190011 700
193017 500

UN estimates

[11] Total population (000's)Population aged 0–14 (%)Population aged 15–64 (%)Population aged 65+ (%)
195028 00031.963.94.2
195531 32935.660.14.3
196035 17340.155.54.4
196539 88544.151.34.6
197044 92844.250.94.8
197549 89642.952.34.8
198054 02340.754.34.9
198560 30739.455.74.9
199067 10238.057.05.0
199574 00836.558.45.1
200079 91031.662.06.4
200583 83327.166.46.5
201087 96823.669.96.5
201592 67723.070.36.7
202097 33923.268.97.9

Academic estimates

[12] [13] Total population (Excluding Champa and Khmer polities)
1000ca. 1.2 million
1100ca. 1.5 million
1200ca. 2 million
1300ca. 2.4 million
14001.8 million
15004.4 million
16005 million
17006.3 million
18007.5 million

Population pyramids

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 01.IV.2009):
Age groupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total42 413 14343 433 85485 846 997100
0-43 662 8893 371 2557 034 1447.97
5-93 458 1593 252 5786 710 7377.82
10-143 725 3693 523 0097 248 3788.44
15-194 577 9144 385 9888 963 90210.44
20-244 253 6184 179 2498 432 8679.82
25-293 904 7303 885 2737 790 0039.07
30-343 462 9053 405 2536 868 1588.00
35-393 298 2663 233 3416 531 6077.61
40-442 967 9342 998 9225 966 8566.95
45-492 642 4662 808 4625 450 9286.35
50-542 082 0982 329 9534 412 0515.14
55-591 364 3191 620 3002 984 6193.48
60-64861 8971 076 0511 937 9482.26
65-69653 287901 3911 554 6781.81
70-74568 312844 2261 412 5381.65
75-79480 088718 8051 198 8931.40
80-84264 997460 988725 9850.85
85+183 895438 810622 7050.73
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0-1410 846 41710 146 84220 993 25924.45
15-6429 416 14729 922 79259 338 93969.12
65+2 150 5793 364 2205 514 7996.42
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2014):
Age groupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total44 758 13245 970 80990 728 941100
0-43 806 0553 423 5207 229 5757.97
5-93 730 6173 431 8437 162 4607.89
10-143 555 4403 344 6596 900 0997.61
15-193 580 3223 413 1836 993 5057.71
20-244 058 6913 959 5798 018 2708.84
25-293 951 2203 888 6977 839 9178.64
30-343 689 3953 769 6017 458 9968.22
35-393 390 4623 439 7876 830 2497.53
40-443 292 9333 295 0126 587 9457.26
45-492 980 4423 068 3896 048 8316.67
50-542 699 1652 971 4595 670 6246.25
55-592 096 0322 405 5684 501 6004.96
60-641 376 8611 671 6213 048 4823.36
65-69832 0901 084 8701 916 9602.11
70-74600 732862 1041 462 8361.61
75-79477 293757 2421 234 5351.36
80+640 3821 183 6751 824 0572.01
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0-1411 092 11210 200 02221 292 13423.47
15-6431 115 52331 882 89662 998 41969.44
65+2 550 4973 887 8916 438 3887.10
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 01.IV.2019):
Age groupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total47 881 06148 327 92396 208 984100
0-44 100 4793 718 8477 819 3268.13
5-94 354 8873 977 8328 332 7198.66
10-143 737 0303 482 8077 219 8377.50
15-193 352 3863 153 8316 506 2176.76
20-243 417 1493 258 5546 675 7036.94
25-294 301 2104 146 7678 447 9778.78
30-344 276 4044 117 4068 393 8108.72
35-393 891 9503 800 4367 692 3868.00
40-443 366 1473 317 9726 684 1196.95
45-493 132 1723 125 2996 257 4716.50
50-542 772 1572 889 8535 662 0105.89
55-592 402 0962 706 6285 108 7245.31
60-641 810 4972 181 5373 992 0344.15
65-691 167 2141 518 0572 685 2712.79
70-74687 339953 5111 640 8501.71
75-79453 972717 8391 171 8111.22
80-84327 330580 402907 7320.94
85+330 642680 3451 010 9871.05
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0-1412 192 39611 179 48623 371 88224.29
15-6432 722 16832 698 28365 420 45168.00
65+2 966 4974 350 2117 416 6517.71

Source: [14]

Vital statistics

UN estimates of births and deaths

Period [11] Live births per yearDeaths per yearNatural change per yearCBR1CDR1NC1TFR1IMR1
1950-19551 335 000722 000613 00044.824.220.66.20157.9
1955-19601 533 000764 000769 00046.123.023.16.76143.7
1960-19651 732 000790 000942 00046.221.025.27.33130.3
1965-19701 798 000790 0001 009 00042.418.623.87.38117.8
1970-19751 853 000859 000994 00039.118.121.07.15118.4
1975-19801 797 000760 0001 036 00034.614.620.05.8997.6
1980-19851 952 000630 0001 322 00034.111.023.14.9370.0
1985-19902 000 000574 0001 425 00031.49.022.43.9654.8
1990-19951 929 000484 0001 444 00027.36.920.43.2337.9
1995-20001 448 000441 0001 007 00019.05.813.22.1829.2
2000-20051 392 000425 000967 00016.95.511.41.9223.1
2005-20101 472 000448 0001 024 00017.35.611.71.9320.4
2010-201517.45.811.61.96
2015-202016.25.810.41.95
2020-202515.26.09.21.93
2025-203013.46.37.11.92
2030-203512.16.75.41.92
2035-204011.77.34.41.91
1CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births
Historical populations
YearPop.±%
1950 28,264,000    
1960 35,173,000+24.4%
1970 44,928,000+27.7%
1980 54,023,000+20.2%
1990 67,102,000+24.2%
2000 78,758,000+17.4%
2010 87,100,000+10.6%
2020 98,721,275+13.3%
Source:https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/vietnam/

Birth, death and fertility rates

The total fertility rate of Vietnam has been influenced by the government's family planning policy, the two-child policy. [15]

Average populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Total fertility rate
(children per woman)
199066,016,700
199167,242,400
199268,450,100
199369,644,500
199470,824,500
199571,995,500
199673,156,700
199774,306,900
199875,456,300
199976,596,700
200077,630,900
200178,620,5001,462,300401,0001,061,30018.65.113.52.25
200279,537,7001,511,200461,3001,049,90019.05.813.22.28
200380,467,4001,408,200466,700941,50017.55.811.72.12
200481,436,4001,563,600439,8001,123,80019.25.413.82.23
200582,392,1001,532,500436,7001,095,80018.65.313.32.11
200683,311,2001,449,600441,5001,008,10017.45.312.12.09
200784,218,5001,423,300446,400976,90016.95.311.62.07
200885,118,7001,421,500451,100970,40016.75.311.42.08
200986,025,0001,514,000585,000929,00017.66.810.82.03
201086,947,4001,486,800591,200895,60017.16.810.32.00
201187,860,4001,458,500606,200852,30016.66.99.71.99
201288,809,3001,500,900621,700879,20016.97.09.92.05
201389,759,5001,525,900637,300888,60017.07.19.92.10
201490,728,9001,560,500626,000934,50017.26.910.32.09
201591,709,8001,485,700623,600862,10016.26.89.42.10
201692,692,2001,483,100630,300852,80016.06.89.22.09
201793,671,6001,395,700637,000758,70014.96.88.12.04
201894,666,0001,382,100643,700738,40014.66.87.82.05
201996,484,0001,572,700607,800964,90016.36.310.02.09
202097,582,6901,590,600591,400999,20016.36.110.22.12
202198,506,1901,550,500628,700922,00015.76.49.32.11
202299,461,7001,511,800606,700905,10015.26.19.12.01
2023100,309,2001,394,300551,700842,60013.95.58.41.96

Source: General Statistics Office of Vietnam. [16] [17] [18]

Fertility rate by region and province

Province2005200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021
Vietnam2.112.072.082.032.001.992.052.102.092.102.092.042.052.092.122.11
Red River Delta2.062.112.132.112.042.062.112.112.302.232.232.162.292.352.342.37
Hà Nội 1.831.912.062.082.002.022.062.032.182.042.062.002.072.242.252.18
Hà Tây 2.292.23............................
Vĩnh Phúc 2.152.002.102.132.062.022.072.112.442.252.482.342.482.392.392.37
Bắc Ninh 2.402.282.292.322.262.232.712.292.722.722.632.672.662.532.492.60
Quảng Ninh 2.242.122.122.201.992.072.272.182.492.202.022.252.222.242.222.14
Hải Dương 2.102.042.131.991.982.012.071.992.062.002.301.952.592.482.572.44
Hải Phòng 2.131.861.952.161.982.002.372.032.352.022.111.991.922.202.052.35
Hưng Yên 2.322.082.252.112.132.192.102.462.292.402.372.102.392.402.402.43
Thái Bình 2.192.212.142.082.102.151.782.071.872.392.252.212.512.432.422.58
Hà Nam 2.302.182.122.072.092.161.831.871.992.222.111.972.392.442.362.35
Nam Định 2.312.392.192.252.202.241.762.322.732.812.462.582.822.742.712.75
Ninh Bình 2.372.262.362.041.881.862.662.282.872.762.942.392.532.462.422.41
Northern midlands and mountain areas2.332.232.302.242.222.212.312.182.562.692.632.532.482.432.412.43
Hà Giang 3.062.892.863.083.052.572.782.702.512.932.422.492.742.472.572.62
Cao Bằng 2.552.282.262.182.092.152.132.052.532.522.462.342.482.432.422.40
Bắc Kạn 2.292.122.071.841.851.912.302.112.072.422.402.372.232.142.142.22
Tuyên Quang 2.172.052.052.102.072.102.182.352.732.742.722.682.622.512.502.42
Lào Cai 2.972.592.692.702.732.572.432.522.362.262.732.242.432.442.432.40
Yên Bái 2.552.362.562.382.322.262.382.132.772.762.892.772.962.742.642.77
Thái Nguyên 1.991.991.951.891.901.962.132.062.452.522.452.092.052.142.162.12
Lạng Sơn 2.282.142.151.861.841.882.111.862.262.382.342.252.222.132.192.32
Bắc Giang 2.212.072.221.941.861.942.091.772.572.772.642.732.382.312.302.32
Phú Thọ 2.031.992.112.102.082.222.182.222.512.612.562.512.662.572.532.42
Điện Biên 3.172.722.722.552.572.672.762.483.112.812.432.842.782.722.662.70
Lai Châu 3.523.023.012.962.912.932.602.453.203.112.912.862.602.682.632.77
Sơn La 2.762.362.292.612.582.432.522.252.572.822.902.772.362.442.362.36
Hòa Bình 2.092.062.011.981.982.032.081.902.302.842.562.302.422.342.292.19
North Central and Central coastal areas2.372.272.302.212.212.212.322.372.312.342.372.312.302.322.312.32
Thanh Hóa 2.392.122.171.891.892.012.222.112.432.752.702.452.692.542.512.22
Nghệ An 2.752.492.522.552.562.492.592.682.702.692.762.872.822.752.682.63
Hà Tĩnh 2.382.462.652.462.462.502.752.953.122.653.213.242.902.832.732.95
Quảng Bình 2.582.572.572.372.392.412.612.222.492.522.382.342.412.432.402.52
Quảng Trị 2.902.772.712.852.842.672.652.752.752.943.192.832.612.452.442.46
Thừa Thiên–Huế 2.982.792.542.262.282.222.382.212.332.262.202.332.032.342.292.25
Đà Nẵng 1.871.901.922.142.161.992.182.322.032.132.241.811.491.882.092.02
Quảng Nam 2.402.322.122.302.272.162.352.652.272.172.162.262.282.272.232.25
Quảng Ngãi 2.212.112.182.092.112.212.132.452.011.931.981.792.062.132.112.14
Bình Định 2.252.172.092.222.172.282.262.552.292.142.002.092.302.202.242.22
Phú Yên 2.252.182.321.961.982.112.072.042.152.052.262.042.162.112.092.07
Khánh Hòa 2.122.142.182.042.061.932.042.041.651.751.751.641.401.771.811.82
Ninh Thuận 2.532.282.242.402.422.382.252.372.182.232.282.342.052.092.072.36
Bình Thuận 2.382.402.382.072.092.142.392.151.572.041.811.751.821.911.962.06
Central Highlands3.072.772.682.652.632.582.432.492.302.262.372.292.322.432.412.36
Kon Tum 3.943.493.583.453.463.253.162.703.042.492.342.482.122.742.642.55
Gia Lai 3.102.972.862.882.902.852.362.482.272.452.382.362.272.492.472.44
Đắk Lắk 2.982.842.572.452.472.422.312.702.252.222.432.192.412.372.362.15
Đắk Nông 3.383.052.872.722.682.572.652.312.462.362.282.213.052.682.612.68
Lâm Đồng 2.672.372.312.432.282.322.362.242.091.982.342.291.992.202.192.15
South East1.851.741.731.691.681.591.571.831.561.631.461.551.501.561.621.61
Bình Phước 2.612.472.382.452.432.312.222.432.302.051.922.021.992.272.252.21
Tây Ninh 1.981.891.791.791.771.801.931.781.761.881.761.661.461.531.671.65
Bình Dương 1.661.741.851.701.721.761.701.781.441.591.611.901.531.541.631.62
Đồng Nai 1.921.911.832.072.091.991.802.091.752.021.671.611.801.901.971.86
Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu 2.062.092.132.011.881.821.701.921.971.561.521.371.511.871.941.78
TP. Hồ Chí Minh 1.521.491.631.451.451.301.331.681.391.451.241.361.331.391.531.48
Mekong River Delta2.001.871.871.841.801.801.921.921.841.761.841.741.741.801.821.82
Long An 1.951.911.951.851.871.832.022.031.661.611.561.621.831.801.821.77
Tiền Giang 2.021.981.971.941.931.921.791.781.751.622.001.991.681.821.851.83
Bến Tre 1.761.701.711.811.791.712.201.981.891.971.901.881.881.861.871.64
Trà Vinh 2.031.891.791.861.801.802.061.891.942.042.362.251.941.962.001.99
Vĩnh Long 1.831.761.751.631.651.632.142.021.981.612.031.671.831.811.821.81
Đồng Tháp 1.981.771.741.871.891.831.571.891.841.611.591.341.431.781.871.85
An Giang 2.001.861.861.971.971.922.172.072.101.731.841.771.781.851.901.94
Kiên Giang 2.222.102.091.841.801.862.161.981.962.051.941.871.961.851.981.91
Cần Thơ 1.701.641.751.721.621.621.581.811.891.882.011.641.661.661.741.68
Hậu Giang 1.951.941.891.961.751.771.781.781.611.641.481.531.641.831.841.83
Sóc Trăng 2.021.902.061.791.811.831.852.081.651.721.831.691.751.791.801.78
Bạc Liêu 2.112.102.001.751.591.691.971.821.821.671.631.771.541.611.661.56
Cà Mau 2.102.002.011.751.641.731.621.701.651.801.851.651.751.801.851.86

Source: General Statistics Office of Vietnam. [19]

Ethnic groups

Ethnolinguistic map of Indochina, 1970. Note: map situation has now changed due to internal migration. Ethnolinguistic map of Indochina 1970.jpg
Ethnolinguistic map of Indochina, 1970. Note: map situation has now changed due to internal migration.

The Vietnamese government recognizes 54 ethnic groups, of which the Viet (Kinh) is the largest; according to official Vietnamese figures (2019 census), ethnic Vietnamese account for 85.32% of the nation's population and the non-Vietnamese ethnic groups account for the remaining portion. The ethnic Vietnamese inhabit a little less than half of Vietnam, while the ethnic minorities inhabit the majority of Vietnam's land (albeit the least fertile parts of the country).

The relation between China and Vietnam also declined following reunification in 1975, with Vietnam siding with the Soviet Union against China in the Chinese-Soviet split. Tensions peaked when Vietnam and Cambodia started a war, Cambodia led by Pol Pot being a Chinese ally, resulting in a Chinese invasion of Vietnam in 1979. In 1978-79, some 450,000 ethnic Chinese left Vietnam by boat as refugees (many officially encouraged and assisted) or were expelled across the land border with China. In recent years the government has performed an about turn and is encouraging overseas Hoa to return and invest, but the ethnic Chinese population has been in continuous decline since the 1970s due to assimilation and low birth rates.

The central highland peoples commonly termed Degar or Montagnards (mountain people) comprise two main ethnolinguistic groups--Malayo-Polynesian and Mon–Khmer. About 30 groups of various cultures and dialects are spread over the highland territory.

Other minority groups include the Cham—remnants of the once-mighty Champa Kingdom, conquered by the Vietnamese in the 15th century, Hmong, and Thái.

Population of Vietnam according to ethnic group 1989-2019
Ethnic
group
Language
family
census 1989 [20] census 1999 [21] census 2009 [22] census 2019 [23]
Number %Number %Number %Number %
Kinh Vietic 56,101,58387.165,795,74886.273,594,42785.782,085,82685.32
Tày Tai-Kadai 1,145,2351.81,477,5141.91,626,3921.91,845,4921.92
Thai Tai-Kadai 992,8091.51,328,7251.71,550,4231.81,820,9501.89
Mường Vietic 874,1951.41,137,5151.51,268,9631.51,452,0951.51
Hmong Hmong-Dao 787,6041.01,068,1891.21,393,5471.45
Khmer Mon-Khmer 872,3821.41,055,1741.41,260,6401.51,319,6521.37
Nùng Tai-Kadai 696,3051.1856,4121.1968,8001.11,083,2981.13
Dao Hmong-Dao 620,5380.81751,0670.87891,1510.93
Hoa Chinese 961,7021.5862,3711.1823,0711.0749,4660.78
Gia Rai Malayo-Polynesian 317,5570.42411,2750.48513,9300.53
Ê Đê Malayo-Polynesian 270,3480.35331,1940.39398,6710.41
Ba Na Mon-Khmer 174,4560.23227,7160.27286,9100.30
Xơ Đăng Mon-Khmer 127,1480.17169,5010.20212,2770.22
Sán Chay Tai-Kadai 147,3150.19169,4100.20201,3980.21
Cờ Ho Mon-Khmer 128,7230.17166,1120.19200,8000.21
Sán Dìu Chinese 126,2370.17146,8210.17183,0040.19
Chăm Malayo-Polynesian 132,8730.17161,7290.19178,9480.19
Hrê Mon-Khmer 113,1110.1563,0120.07149,4600.16
Ra Glai Malayo-Polynesian 96,9310.13122,2450.14146,6130.15
M'Nông Mon-Khmer 92,4510.12102,7410.12127,3340.13
Xtiêng Mon-Khmer 66,7880.0985,4360.10100,7520.10
Bru-Vân Kiều Mon-Khmer 55,5590.0774,5060.0994,5980.10
Thổ Vietic 68,3940.0974,4580.0991,4300.10
Khơ Mú Mon-Khmer 56,5420.0772,9290.0890,6120.09
Cơ Tu Mon-Khmer 50,4580.0761,5880.0774,1730.08
Giáy Tai-Kadai 49,0980.0658,6170.0767,8580.07
Giẻ Triêng Mon-Khmer 30,2430.0450,9620.0663,3220.07
Tà Ôi Mon-Khmer 34,9600.0543,8860.0552,3560.05
Mạ Mon-Khmer 33,3380.0441,4050.0550,3220.05
Co Mon-Khmer 27,7660.0433,8170.0440,4420.04
Chơ Ro Mon-Khmer 22,5670.0326,8550.0329,5200.03
Xinh Mun Mon-Khmer 18,0180.0223,2780.0329,5030.03
Hà Nhì Tibeto-Burman 17,5350.0210,9230.0125,5390.03
Chu Ru Malayo-Polynesian 14,9780.0219,3140.0223,2420.02
Lao Tai-Kadai 11,6110.0214,9280.0217,5320.02
Kháng Mon-Khmer 10,2720.0113,8400.0216,1800.02
La Chí Tai-Kadai 10,7650.0113,1580.0215,1260.02
Phù Lá Tibeto-Burman 9,0460.015,5350.0112,4710.01
La Hủ Tibeto-Burman 6,8740.019,6510.0112,1130.01
La Ha Tai-Kadai 5,6860.018,1770.0110,1570.01
Pà Thẻn Hmong-Dao 5,5690.016,8110.018,2480.01
Chứt Vietic 3,8290.016,0220.017,5130.01
Lự Tai-Kadai 4,9640.015,6010.016,7570.01
Lô Lô Tibeto-Burman 3,3070.002,2180.004,8270.01
Mảng Mon-Khmer 2,6630.003,7000.004,6500.00
Cờ Lao Tai-Kadai 1,8650.002,6360.004,0030.00
Bố Y Tai-Kadai 1,8640.002,2730.003,2320.00
Cống Tibeto-Burman 1,6760.002,0290.002,7290.00
Ngái Chinese 4,8410.011,0350.001,6490.00
Si La Tibeto-Burman 8400.007090.009090.00
Pu Péo Tai-Kadai 7050.006870.009030.00
Rơ Măm Mon-Khmer 3520.004360.006390.00
Brâu Mon-Khmer 3130.003970.005250.00
Ơ Đu Mon-Khmer 3010.003760.004280.00
Foreigners39,5320.052,1340.003,5530.00
Others2,767,5124.31,3330.082,9420.03490.00
Total64,411,71376,323,17385,846,99796,208,984

Language

Vietnamese is the official language of the country. It belongs to the Austroasiatic language family, which also includes languages such as Khmer and Mon. Vietnamese was spoken by 85-90 million people in Vietnam at the 1999 census. In the early 21st century, around another four million Vietnamese speakers are found outside of Vietnam, mostly refugees from the Vietnam-American War. Thus Vietnamese is the most spoken language of the Austroasiatic family, being spoken by three times more people than the second most spoken language of the family, Khmer. Both languages, however, are extremely different: Vietnamese is a tonal, monosyllabic language while Khmer has remained non-tonal. Vietnamese was heavily influenced by Chinese, with up to around 50-70% words having Chinese origins, whilst Khmer was heavily influenced by Sanskrit and Pali, uses a abugida writing system, and has a great part of its vocabulary originating from Indian languages. Since the early 20th century, the Vietnamese have used a Romanized script introduced by the French, developed by Jesuit missionaries led by Alexandre de Rhodes and later on, refined by Vietnamese scholars to produce what is now known as the Vietnamese alphabet.

Religions

Religion in Vietnam (2019) [23]

   Vietnamese folk religion or non religious (86.32%)
   Catholicism (6.1%)
   Buddhism (4.79%)
   Hoahaoism (1.02%)
   Protestantism (1%)
  Others (0.77%)

According to the 2019 Census, the religious demographics of Vietnam are as follows: [23]

It is worth noting here that the data is highly skewed, as a large majority of Vietnamese may declare themselves atheist yet practice forms of traditional folk religion or Mahayana Buddhism. [24]

Estimates for the year 2010 published by the Pew Research Center: [25]

  • Vietnamese folk religion, 45.3%
  • Unaffiliated, 29.6%
  • Buddhism, 16.4%
  • Christianity, 8.2%
  • Other, 0.5%

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

Population pyramid 2017 Vietnam-population-pyramid-2017.svg
Population pyramid 2017
Life expectancy in Vietnam since 1950 Life expectancy in Vietnam.svg
Life expectancy in Vietnam since 1950
Life expectancy in Vietnam since 1960 by gender Life expectancy by WBG -Vietnam -diff.png
Life expectancy in Vietnam since 1960 by gender

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female

(2008 est.)

Source: Statista etc. [26] [27]

Life expectancy

PeriodLife expectancy in
Years
PeriodLife expectancy in
Years
1955–196057.31990–199571.2
1960–196560.51995–200072.7
1965–197062.32000–200573.8
1970–197557.82005–201074.7
1975–198066.12010–201575.6
1980–198568.1

Source: UN World Population Prospects [28]

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 95.6% (2014 census); 95.8% (2019 census)
male: 96.9% (no records); 97% (2019 census)
female: 91.9% (2012); 94.6% (2019 census)

Source: The Worldbank Database etc. [29] [30] [31] [32]

See also

Sources

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Further reading