Demographics of Palestine

Last updated

Demographics of the State of Palestine
Palestine single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population pyramid of the State of Palestine in 2020
Population
Growth rate
  • 2.02% (Gaza Strip – 2022 est.)
  • 1.69% (West Bank – 2022 est.)
Birth rate
  • 27.67 births/1,000 population (Gaza Strip – 2022 est.)
  • 24.42 births/1,000 population (West Bank – 2022 est.)
Death rate
  • 2.91 deaths/1,000 population (Gaza Strip – 2022 est.)
  • 3.4 deaths/1,000 population (West Bank – 2022 est.)
Language
Spoken Arabic, Hebrew (by Israeli settlers and many Palestinians)

Demographic features of the population of the area commonly described as the Palestinian territories includes information on ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of that population.

Contents

According to a commonly used definition as relating to an application of the 1949 Armistice Agreement green line, the Palestinian territories have contributory parts of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank (including East Jerusalem).

The Palestinian National Authority, the United Nations Security Council, [1] the United Nations General Assembly, [2] the European Union, [3] the International Court of Justice, [4] and the International Committee of the Red Cross [5] use the terminology "Palestinian territories" or "occupied Palestinian territories". Israel refers to the administrative division encompassing Israeli-controlled Jewish-majority civilian areas of Area C of the West Bank, excluding East Jerusalem, as the Judea and Samaria Area (Hebrew : אֵזוֹר יְהוּדָה וְשׁוֹמְרוֹן, Ezor Yehuda VeShomron). [6]

Overview

Demographics of the State of Palestine
Region &
Status
By nationalityTotal
Population
Year
Source
By ethnoreligious groupArea (km2)
Israelis Year
Source
Palestinians YearJewishArab
West Bank Areas A & B

(under Palestinian civil administration)

02,464,5662023
[7]
2,464,5662023
[7]
02,464,5662,808
[8]
Gaza Strip

(under Palestinian civil administration)

02,226,544mid-
2023
[7]
2,226,544mid-
2023
[7]
02,226,544365
West Bank Area C (under full Israeli control)517,4071/2024
[9] [10]
300,0002019
[11] [12]
817,4072019/
1/1/24

[13]
517,407300,0003,378
[14]
East Jerusalem

(Annexed by Israel)
[15] [16] [17]

259,814
of which Israeli Arab~18,982
2021
[18]
351,5702021
[18]
611,3842021
[18]
240,832370,552336
[14]
Total State of Palestine6,119,901Sum758,239 (12.39%)5,361,662 (87.61%)6,887
Demographic map of Gaza, West Bank, Israel proper and the Golan Heights Demographic map of Palestine - Israel - with Legend.png
Demographic map of Gaza, West Bank, Israel proper and the Golan Heights

Population size and structure

Israeli estimates

The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics estimated (2017) that the collective population in the Palestinian territories amounted to 4,543,126 people in 2017. Thereof, 2,155,743 Arabs live in the West Bank, 1,795,183 Arabs live in the Gaza Strip, and 391,000 Jews live in the West Bank outside of East Jerusalem. [19] Approximately 214,600 Jews live in East Jerusalem. [20] East Jerusalem, once administered by Jordan, came under Israeli occupation after the 1967 Six-Day War. [21] In the Palestinian territories, c. 86% of the population is Arab (predominantly Sunni), c. 13% is Jewish, other <1% (cf. Israel: Jewish 74%, Arab 21%, other 5%). [19]

US CIA estimates

The demographic statistics of The World Factbook the 2023 estimated population of Israel including the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem is 9,043,387 (2023 est.). Of this population: [22]

  • Approximately 236,600 Israeli settlers lived in East Jerusalem (2021)
  • The split by ethnoreligious groups was Jewish 73.5% (of which Israel-born 79.7%, Europe/America/Oceania-born 14.3%, Africa-born 3.9%, Asia-born 2.1%), Palestinian and other Arab non-Jews 21.1%, other 5.4% (2022 est.)
  • By religion, the split was Jewish 73.5%, Muslim 18.1%, Christian 1.9%, Druze 1.6%, other 4.9% (2022 est.)

Palestinian estimates

According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the number of Palestinians in the Palestinian Territories was 3,935,249 in 2009, resulting in a calculated population density of 654 capita per km2, of which 433 capita/km2 in the West Bank including Jerusalem and 4,073 capita/km2 in Gaza Strip. [23] In the mid-2009, the share of population less than 15 years was 41.9% and above 65 years 3%. [23]

UN estimates

According to the UN, the population in the State of Palestine was c. 4.9 million in 2017, resulting in an estimated population density of 817 capita per km2. [24] However, a Census held on 1 December 2017 resulted in a total of 4,781.245. The estimate of the Palestine Central Bureau of Statistics for mid 2023 showed a population total of 5,483,450.


Key derived statistics

Out of 224 listed countries and territories, in 2018, the West Bank ranked 48th with a total fertility rate (TFR) of 3.2, and the Gaza Strip ranked 31st with a TFR of 3.97 according to The World Factbook. [25] In 2018, the West Bank had an estimated population growth rate of 1.81% (country comparison to the world: 56th) and the Gaza Strip had a population growth rate of 2.25% (35th). [19] [26] [27]

Population (mid-year, millions) [28] [29] [30]
Year West Bank Gaza Total
19700.690.341.03
19800.900.461.36
19901.250.651.90
20001.981.133.11
20102.521.604.12
20142.731.824.55
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
20062.51.54.0
20092.481.453.94
Source: Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
NameArea
in
km2
Pop. [31]
Census
1 Dec 2017
Pop. [7]
Estimate
mid 2023
Pop.
density
mid 2023
(per km2)
West Bank [26] 5,6552,881,9543,256,906576
Gaza Strip [19] 3651,899,2912,226,5446,100
Total6,0204,781,2455,483,450911
Palestinian territories [32]
YearPop.±% p.a.
1997 2,783,084    
1998 2,871,568+3.18%
1999 2,962,226+3.16%
2000 3,053,335+3.08%
2001 3,138,471+2.79%
2002 3,225,214+2.76%
2003 3,314,509+2.77%
2004 3,407,417+2.80%
2005 3,508,126+2.96%
2006 3,611,198+2.94%
2007 3,719,189+2.99%
2008 3,825,512+2.86%
2009 3,935,249+2.87%
2010 4,048,403+2.88%
2011 4,168,860+2.98%
2012 4,293,313+2.99%
2013 4,420,549+2.96%
2014 4,550,368+2.94%
2015 4,682,467+2.90%
2016 4,816,503+2.86%
2017 4,952,168+2.82%
2021 5,227,193+1.36%
West Bank [32]
YearPop.±% p.a.
2012 2,649,020    
2013 2,719,112+2.65%
2014 2,790,331+2.62%
2015 2,862,485+2.59%
2016 2,935,368+2.55%
2017 3,008,770+2.50%
2021 3,120,448+0.92%
Gaza Strip [32]
YearPop.±% p.a.
2012 1,644,293    
2013 1,701,437+3.48%
2014 1,760,037+3.44%
2015 1,819,982+3.41%
2016 1,881,135+3.36%
2017 1,943,398+3.31%
2021 2,106,745+2.04%

Age structure

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 01.XII.2007) (Data have not been adjusted for underenumeration. Excluding data from the parts of Jerusalem which were annexed by Israel in 1967.):

Census (01/12/2007) :

Age groupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total1 747 2841 696 5443 443 828100
0–4266 052253 883519 93515.10
5–9239 156227 724466 88013.56
10–14238 306227 967466 27313.54
15–19211 464202 975414 43912.03
20–24158 374151 561309 9359.00
25–29128 068124 159252 2277.32
30–34108 945106 343215 2886.25
35–3990 15586 905177 0605.14
40–4481 18675 328156 5144.54
45–4960 83256 748117 5803.41
50–5441 60641 69583 3012.42
55–5932 01130 99963 0101.83
60–6422 06025 76947 8291.39
65–6913 85319 84433 6970.98
70–7412 68916 62729 3160.85
75–798 59912 53621 1350.61
80–844 8616 88811 7490.34
85–892 3183 0265 3440.16
90–948711 1332 0040.06
95+4645971 0610.03
unknown25 41423 83749 2510.14
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14743 514709 5741 453 08842.19
15–64934 701902 4821 837 18353.35
65+43 65560 651104 3063.03
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2013):
Age groupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total2 245 4002 175 1494 420 549100
0–4333 246319 213652 45914.76
5–9295 678283 886579 56413.11
10–14275 428263 679539 10712.20
15–19262 267251 710513 97711.63
20–24230 888221 790452 67810.24
25–29182 448174 730357 1788.08
30–34144 721138 652283 3736.41
35–39122 846119 333242 1795.48
40–44103 233100 276203 5094.60
45–4987 96982 580170 5493.86
50–5470 53565 239135 7743.07
55–5948 91246 91095 8222.17
60–6432 35333 58165 9341.49
65–6921 98526 41448 3991.09
70–7414 20119 83134 0320.77
75–799 34413 72823 0720.52
80+9 34613 59722 9430.52
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14904 352866 7781 771 13040.07
15–641 286 1721 234 8012 520 97357.03
65+54 87673 570128 4462.91

Source: [33]

Vital statistics

UN estimates

[34]

Mid-year population (thousands)Live births (thousands)Deaths (thousands)Natural change (thousands)Crude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate (TFR) Infant mortality (per 1000 live births) Life expectancy (in years)
1950  945  46  20  2648.321.027.37.84142.345.79
1951  953  47  20  2748.520.927.77.84141.745.88
1952  963  47  20  2748.720.628.17.84140.546.09
1953  973  48  20  2848.920.428.57.83139.146.33
1954  985  49  20  2949.220.129.17.83137.546.61
1955  997  50  20  3049.419.829.67.82135.846.92
1956  1 010  51  20  3149.719.530.27.82133.847.27
1957  1 025  52  20  3249.919.130.87.81131.747.66
1958  1 040  53  20  3350.118.731.47.81129.448.08
1959  1 057  54  19  3450.318.332.07.81126.948.53
1960  1 074  55  19  3550.417.832.67.79124.349.01
1961  1 092  56  19  3650.417.333.17.79121.449.55
1962  1 110  57  19  3850.516.833.77.79118.450.12
1963  1 128  57  19  3950.416.334.27.78115.150.75
1964  1 142  58  18  4050.415.734.67.78111.751.38
1965  1 149  59  18  4150.315.235.17.78108.252.03
1966  1 148  59  17  4250.214.635.57.75104.752.69
1967  1 137  58  18  4150.115.234.97.74101.150.97
1968  1 123  57  16  4249.913.536.37.7197.754.03
1969  1 115  57  15  4249.713.036.67.6894.154.70
1970  1 118  56  14  4249.412.536.97.6590.655.35
1971  1 136  56  14  4349.212.037.27.6187.355.99
1972  1 167  57  14  4449.011.537.57.5984.056.65
1973  1 195  59  31  2849.226.023.27.5580.834.74
1974  1 225  61  13  4849.310.638.77.5277.857.98
1975  1 264  62  13  4949.110.238.97.4874.858.64
1976  1 301  64  13  5148.89.739.17.4471.659.32
1977  1 337  65  13  5348.49.339.17.3868.560.00
1978  1 374  66  12  5448.08.939.17.3365.660.66
1979  1 413  68  12  5647.68.439.27.2862.461.39
1980  1 454  69  12  5747.38.039.37.2359.262.11
1981  1 498  71  11  5947.07.639.47.1756.262.79
1982  1 546  73  11  6146.87.239.67.1253.463.45
1983  1 604  75  11  6446.66.939.77.0750.564.16
1984  1 674  78  11  6746.46.539.97.0147.964.80
1985  1 731  81  11  7046.16.239.96.9545.665.36
1986  1 775  82  11  7146.06.040.06.9143.665.86
1987  1 863  84  11  7446.05.740.26.8841.366.42
1988  1 963  90  11  7945.95.540.46.8539.266.84
1989  2 041  94  11  8345.95.340.66.8137.467.28
1990  2 125  98  11  8746.05.140.96.7835.867.93
1991  2 214  102  11  9145.94.940.96.7234.768.31
1992  2 310  105  11  9445.64.840.86.6333.368.59
1993  2 411  108  11  9744.84.740.16.5032.168.85
1994  2 515  110  11  9943.84.439.46.3430.769.41
1995  2 623  112  11  10142.84.338.56.1829.669.66
1996  2 734  114  11  10241.64.137.56.0028.670.06
1997  2 847  115  11  10440.54.036.55.8227.670.40
1998  2 951  118  12  10639.83.935.95.7026.870.63
1999  3 044  120  12  10839.23.835.35.5826.070.86
2000  3 140  121  13  10838.44.034.55.4425.370.39
2001  3 230  122  13  10937.74.133.65.3224.669.89
2002  3 309  123  13  11137.13.833.25.1924.170.97
2003  3 384  123  13  11036.13.832.35.0223.271.05
2004  3 460  124  13  11135.73.831.94.9422.471.18
2005  3 541  125  13  11235.23.631.64.8421.772.07
2006  3 628  125  13  11234.53.630.84.7221.071.92
2007  3 718  125  13  11233.63.630.04.6120.372.15
2008  3 809  128  14  11433.53.629.94.5019.972.41
2009  3 899  131  14  11733.43.629.94.4119.372.61
2010  3 992  135  14  12133.73.530.24.3818.673.00
2011  4 088  137  14  12333.43.529.94.2718.173.24
2012  4 184  138  14  12432.93.429.54.1617.673.47
2013  4 282  140  14  12532.53.329.24.0817.274.03
2014  4 380  143  17  12632.53.828.64.0417.672.62
2015  4 485  147  15  13232.73.329.44.0516.474.41
2016  4 594  147  15  13231.93.328.63.9415.974.55
2017  4 701  146  15  13131.03.327.73.8115.474.83
2018  4 806  145  16  12930.13.326.83.7115.074.79
2019  4 910  145  16  12929.53.226.23.6414.675.24
2020  5 019  145  18  12728.83.525.33.5714.174.40
2021  5 133  145  20  12628.23.824.43.5013.873.47

Registered births and deaths

[35] [36]

Average populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Total fertility rate
2007122,59310,782111,811
2008126,32311,337114,9864.4
2009129,64811,907117,741
20104,048,403138,80910,810127,99934.32.731.6
20114,168,801133,32611,397121,92932.02.729.24.1
20124,293,313131,63211,782119,85030.72.727.9
20134,420,549127,45411,188116,26628.82.526.3
20144,550,368128,07313,390114,68328.12.925.2
20154,530,416132,99511,908121,08729.42.626.7
20164,632,025138,23812,202126,03629.82.627.2
20174,733,357140,44111,778128,66329.72.527.23.8
20184,854,013143,33412,452130,88229.52.627.0
20194,976,684139,24612,847126,39928.02.625.4
20205,101,152132,29114,106118,18525.92.823.2
20215,227,193141,09216,755124,33727.03.223.8
20225,354,656141,45714,450127,00726.42.723.7


Gaza

Gaza
fertility ratebirth ratedeath ratenatural change
199745.44.740.7
200044.54.340.2
200542.23.939.3
200936.94.132.8
20104.937.14.033.1
201137.23.934.3
201337.13.734.4

West Bank

West Bank
fertility ratebirth ratedeath ratenatural change
199741.25.136.1
200038.84.634.2
200534.54.130.4
200930.14.425.7
20103.830.14.225.9
201130.14.126.0
201329.74.025.7

Source: [37]

Life expectancy

Average life expectancy at age 0 of the total population. [38]

Life expectancy at birth in Palestine Life expectancy by WBG -West Bank and Gaza -diff.png
Life expectancy at birth in Palestine
PeriodLife expectancy in
Years
PeriodLife expectancy in
Years
1950–195546.61985–199067.1
1955–196048.21990–199568.9
1960–196550.81995–200070.3
1965–197054.12000–200571.2
1970–197557.52005–201072.0
1975–198061.02010–201572.9
1980–198564.4

Demographics of the Gaza Strip

The following demographic statistics are from The World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Population

Current: 2,098,389 (2023 est.) [26]

In 2023 approximately 2.1 million Palestinians lived in the Gaza Strip, [26] around 1.6 million of them UN-registered refugees. [39]

The Strip's population has continued to increase since that time, one of the main reasons being a total fertility rate of 3.38 children per woman (2023 est). In a ranking by total fertility rate, this places Gaza 42nd of 224 regions. [26]

Age structure

0–14 years: 44.1% (male 415,746/female 394,195)
15–24 years: 21.3% (male 197,797/female 194,112)
25–54 years: 28.5% (male 256,103/female 267,285)
55–64 years: 3.5% (male 33,413/female 30,592)
65 years and over: 2.6% (male 24,863/female 22,607) (2018 est.)

Ethnic groups

Palestinian/Arab 98.7%

Religions

Sunni Muslim 98–99%, Arab Christians 0.2% (2,000 to 3,000 est.), other, unaffiliated, unspecified <1.0% (2012 est.). [40] [26]

Languages

Arabic (Palestinian Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic), Hebrew (spoken by many older Gaza Palestinians), English (widely understood)

Demographics of the West Bank

Population pyramid Gaza Strip 2016 Bevolkerungspyramide Gazastreifen 2016.png
Population pyramid Gaza Strip 2016
Population pyramid West Bank 2016 Bevolkerungspyramide Westjordanland 2016.png
Population pyramid West Bank 2016

The following demographic statistics are from The World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Population

Total 2,939,418 (July 2018 est.); 71.72% of the population is Arab (predominantly Sunni), 28.28% is Jewish [19] (cf. Israel: Jewish 74%, Arab 21%, other 5%; and Gaza: Arab 99%) [41]

Ethnic groups

Palestinian Arab: 83%
Israeli Jewish and other: 17%

Religions

Muslim 80–85% (predominantly Sunni)
Jewish 12–14%
Christian 1.0–2.5%, (mainly Greek Orthodox) [19]
Other religious minorities include Palestinian Metawalis, Palestinian Druze, and Palestinian Baha'is.

Languages

Arabic (Palestinian Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic), English (compulsory in schools, widely[ quantify ] spoken by Palestinians), and Hebrew (spoken by Israeli Jews in the West Bank, and spoken by many[ quantify ] Palestinians) are commonly known.

See also

Notes

  1. Samaritans in the West Bank have Palestinian citizenship. (Sabella 2011, p. 75, n.4).

References

  1. Resolution 446, Resolution 465, Resolution 484, among others
  2. "Applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949, to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Jerusalem, and the other occupied Arab territories". United Nations. 17 December 2003. Archived from the original on 3 June 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2006.
  3. "EU-Settlements Watch" (PDF). 1 February – 31 July 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 September 2009. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  4. "Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory". International Court of Justice. 9 July 2004. Archived from the original on 28 August 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2006.
  5. "Conference of High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention: statement by the International Committee of the Red Cross". International Committee of the Red Cross. 5 December 2001. Archived from the original on 7 February 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2006.
  6. "Statistical Abstract of Israel 2012" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Gaza Strip and West Bank (except Jerusalem) estimate for mid-2023 as per "Estimated Population in the Palestine Mid-Year by Governorate,1997-2026". Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, State of Palestine. Retrieved 1 January 2024. Subtract a further est. 300,000 from the West Bank number which is the est. no. of Palestinians living in Area C under full Israeli control.
  8. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. "Area C Humanitarian Response Plan Fact Sheet September 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 October 2010. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
  9. Katz, Yaakov (1 January 2024). "WEST BANK Jewish Population Stats (not including eastern Jerusalem) UPDATED TO: JANUARY 1, 2024" (PDF). WestBankJewishPopulationStats.com. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  10. Tia Goldenberg (2 February 2023). "Jewish settler population in the West Bank surpasses half a million". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  11. Biard, Michel (26 June 2019). "Addressing the Needs of Palestinian Households in Area C of the West Bank - Findings of the First Comprehensive Household Survey (January 2019) - occupied Palestinian territory". ReliefWeb. Oxfam. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  12. "Occupied Palestinian Territory Area C of the West Bank" (PDF). UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. August 2014. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  13. Sum of Israeli and Palestinian estimates
  14. 1 2 Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. "Barrier Report July 2009. Calculation based on East Jerusalem area of 346km2 being 97% west of the barrier, and 9.5% of the West bank including East Jerusalem being in the Seam Zone" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 October 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
  15. BBC News. Regions and territories: The Golan Heights.
  16. United Nations. Security Council Resolutions, 1981.
  17. Council on Foreign Relations. UN Security Council Resolution 497.
  18. 1 2 3 "Total" and "Jewish/Other" figures from "III/5 Population of Jerusalem by Population Group, Religious Identification, Quarter and Sub-Quarter, 2021 in Jerusalem Statistical Yearbook". Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research. 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2023.. From this number subtract 18,982 Arabs who have Israeli citizenship, viz. "Just 5 Percent of E. Jerusalem Palestinians Have Received Israeli Citizenship Since 1967". Haaretz. Retrieved 31 December 2023. East Jerusalem consists of Areas 2111–2911, all of Quarters 1, 4, and 16; in Quarter 5 Giv'at Shapira (French Hill), Ramat Eshkol, Giv'at Hamivtar and Ma'alot Dafna (but not Shmuel Hanavi), and in Quarter 13 East Talpiot.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "CIA – The World Factbook: West Bank". Cia.gov. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
  20. Korach, Michal; Maya Choshen (2018). Jerusalem: Facts and Trends 2018: The State of the City and Changing Trends (PDF). Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research – Publication no. 485. Jerusalem: Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research. OCLC   1164773453.
  21. Ian S. Lustick, "Has Israel Annexed East Jerusalem?", Middle East Policy , Vol. V, No. 1, pp. 34–45, January 1997; accessed 25 November 2014.
  22. "Israel". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 31 January 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  23. 1 2 Palestine in Figures 2009 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, May 2010
  24. "State of Palestine – General Information". United Nations. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  25. "COUNTRY COMPARISON :: TOTAL FERTILITY RATE". The World Factbook. CIA. Archived from the original on 28 October 2009. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Middle East :: Gaza Strip — the World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". 6 June 2022.
  27. "COUNTRY COMPARISON :: POPULATION GROWTH RATE". The World Fact Book. CIA. Archived from the original on 27 May 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  28. US Census Bureau International Programs Archived 2013-10-14 at the Wayback Machine International Data Base IDB West Bank and Gaza
  29. Palestinians in figures 2009 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics May 2010
  30. Palestinians at the End of Year 2006 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
  31. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, 2018
  32. 1 2 3 "PCBS | Indicators". www.pcbs.gov.ps.
  33. "Demographic Yearbook". United Nations. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
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