Demographics of Nepal

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Demographics of Nepal
Nepal single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population pyramid of Nepal in 2020
Population29,125,600 (2021) [1]
Growth rate0.92%
Birth rate17.53 births/1,000 population
Death rate5.58 deaths/1,000 population
Life expectancy72.4 years
  male71.66 years
  female73.17 years
Fertility rate1.9 children
Infant mortality rate25.13 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate-4.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Age structure
0–14 years28.41%
15–64 years65.69%
65 and over5.90%
Sex ratio
Total0.96 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.06 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality Nepali
Language
Official Nepali
Historical population of Nepal Historical population of Nepal.svg
Historical population of Nepal
Population of Nepali (1960-2010 Nepal Census) Nepal-demography.png
Population of Nepali (1960–2010 Nepal Census)

The current population of Nepal is 29,164,578 as per the 2021 census. The population growth rate is 0.92% per year. [2] [3]

Contents

In the 2011 census, Nepal's population was approximately 26 million people with a population growth rate of 1.35% and a median age of 21.6 years. [4]

In 2016, the female median age was approximately 25 years old and the male median age was approximately 22 years old. [5] Only 4.4% of the population is estimated to be more than 65 years old, comprising 681,252 females and 597,628 males. 61% of the population is between 15 and 64 years old, and 34.6% is younger than 14 years.

In 2011, the birth rate is estimated to be 22.17 births per 1,000 people with an infant mortality rate of 46 deaths per 1,000 live births. Compared to the infant mortality rate in 2006 of 48 deaths per 1000 live births, the 2011 IMR is a slight decrease within that 5-year period. Infant mortality rate in Nepal is higher in rural regions at 44 deaths per 1000 live births, whereas in urban regions the IMR is lower at 40 deaths per 1000 live births. This difference is due to a lack of delivery assistance services in rural communities compared to their urban counterparts who have better access to hospitals and neonatal clinics. [6]

Life expectancy at birth is estimated to be 67.44 years for females and 64.94 years for males. The mortality rate is estimated to be 681 deaths per 100,000 people.

Net migration rate is estimated to be 61 migrants per 100,000 people.

According to the 2000 census, 65.9% of the total population is literate. [7]

Population growth

Historical population
YearPop.±%
0 1,000,000    
10001,500,000+50.0%
15002,000,000+33.3%
16002,500,000+25.0%
17003,000,000+20.0%
18004,000,000+33.3%
19115,638,749+41.0%
19205,573,788−1.2%
19305,532,574−0.7%
19416,283,649+13.6%
19548,256,625+31.4%
19619,412,996+14.0%
197111,555,983+22.8%
198115,022,839+30.0%
199118,491,097+23.1%
200123,151,423+25.2%
201126,494,504+14.4%
202129,164,578+10.1%
Source:

The population of Nepal has been steadily rising in recent decades. In the June 2001 census, there was a population of about 23 million in Nepal. [8] The population increased by 5 million from the preceding 1991 census; the growth rate is 2.3%. [8] The current population is roughly 30 million which contributes to an increase of about 3 million people every 5 years.

Sixty caste and linguistic subgroups have formed throughout time with the waves of migration from Tibet and India. [9] There was a moderate amount of immigration early in Nepal's history, then the population essentially remained the same without any significant fluctuations for over one hundred years. [9] Natural disasters and the following government resettlement programs in the 1950s led to a spike in internal migration from the hills to the Terai region. [9] In the 1980s the Western Chitwan Valley became a major transportation hub for all of Nepal. Along with this major change came a dramatic increase in government services, business expansion, and growing employment, especially in the agricultural industry. The valley's population grew rapidly through both in-migration and natural increase. [9]

Vital statistics

UN estimates

UN estimates
YearNos. in yearRates per 1000Total
fertility
rate
Infant
mortality
rate
per 1000
Life
expectancy
(years)
Live birthsDeathsNatural
change
Crude
birth
rate
Crude
death
rate
Natural
change
1950  395,000  218,000  177,00047.126.021.16.00226.737.68
1951  404,000  222,000  181,00047.025.921.16.02226.037.75
1952  411,000  226,000  185,00046.925.821.16.03225.437.84
1953  418,000  231,000  187,00046.725.820.96.04225.037.87
1954  424,000  235,000  189,00046.425.720.76.04224.637.90
1955  428,000  238,000  190,00046.125.620.56.03224.037.98
1956  433,000  241,000  192,00045.825.520.36.02223.238.05
1957  438,000  244,000  194,00045.425.320.16.01222.238.14
1958  444,000  248,000  196,00045.225.220.06.00221.138.19
1959  449,000  250,000  199,00044.925.019.95.99219.438.41
1960  458,000  253,000  206,00045.124.920.26.03217.138.56
1961  468,000  255,000  213,00045.124.620.56.06214.438.86
1962  476,000  258,000  218,00045.024.420.66.08211.239.15
1963  483,000  260,000  223,00044.824.120.76.07207.539.45
1964  492,000  260,000  231,00044.723.721.06.07203.139.99
1965  498,000  261,000  237,00044.323.321.16.03198.740.45
1966  505,000  262,000  243,00044.022.921.26.00194.240.87
1967  513,000  263,000  251,00043.822.421.45.98189.741.40
1968  523,000  264,000  259,00043.722.121.65.97185.541.80
1969  529,000  264,000  265,00043.321.621.75.91181.142.33
1970  537,000  265,000  272,00043.021.221.85.88177.142.83
1971  546,000  265,000  280,00042.720.821.95.84172.943.31
1972  551,000  267,000  284,00042.220.421.85.78169.143.69
1973  554,000  268,000  287,00041.620.121.55.69165.544.04
1974  568,000  269,000  299,00041.719.722.05.74161.944.46
1975  579,000  269,000  310,00041.619.322.35.75158.245.04
1976  592,000  270,000  322,00041.619.022.65.75154.645.54
1977  601,000  271,000  330,00041.318.622.75.73150.946.01
1978  614,000  270,000  344,00041.218.123.15.72147.046.68
1979  625,000  270,000  355,00041.017.723.35.69142.947.27
1980  632,000  269,000  363,00040.517.223.35.64139.047.89
1981  645,000  269,000  375,00040.416.923.55.60135.448.39
1982  658,000  269,000  388,00040.216.523.75.58130.948.94
1983  672,000  270,000  401,00040.116.124.05.56126.849.43
1984  686,000  268,000  418,00040.015.624.45.54122.750.23
1985  695,000  266,000  429,00039.615.224.45.47118.650.88
1986  706,000  264,000  441,00039.314.724.65.42114.351.54
1987  717,000  259,000  457,00039.014.124.95.36110.252.48
1988  726,000  258,000  469,00038.713.725.05.31105.753.07
1989  735,000  251,000  484,00038.313.125.35.25101.054.13
1990  748,000  248,000  499,00038.112.725.55.2196.554.83
1991  757,000  244,000  513,00037.612.125.55.1492.155.71
1992  768,000  239,000  529,00037.111.625.65.0487.656.71
1993  791,000  236,000  555,00037.111.126.15.0083.857.62
1994  795,000  230,000  565,00036.410.525.94.9179.458.55
1995  797,000  226,000  571,00035.610.125.54.7975.659.32
1996  787,000  222,000  565,00034.59.724.74.6072.159.98
1997  773,000  216,000  557,00033.29.323.94.3968.360.77
1998  768,000  210,000  558,00032.38.823.54.2465.261.55
1999  760,000  207,000  553,00031.48.522.84.0861.862.11
2000  754,000  204,000  550,00030.68.322.33.9458.762.61
2001  739,000  199,000  540,00029.57.921.63.7655.863.34
2002  724,000  202,000  522,00028.58.020.53.5953.263.26
2003  719,000  196,000  523,00027.97.620.33.4650.564.20
2004  707,000  192,000  515,00027.17.419.73.3148.164.82
2005  687,000  188,000  499,00026.07.118.93.1446.065.46
2006  666,000  187,000  479,00025.07.018.02.9744.165.87
2007  650,000  185,000  465,00024.26.917.32.8442.266.33
2008  637,000  188,000  449,00023.66.916.62.7240.166.42
2009  625,000  187,000  438,00023.06.916.12.6038.366.76
2010  617,000  191,000  426,00022.67.015.62.5136.766.81
2011  614,000  189,000  425,00022.46.915.52.4435.167.31
2012  615,000  192,000  423,00022.37.015.42.3933.767.47
2013  613,000  190,000  423,00022.26.915.42.3332.267.97
2014  614,000  193,000  421,00022.27.015.22.2930.668.09
2015  611,000  204,000  407,00022.17.414.72.2529.667.46
2016  607,000  193,000  414,00021.86.914.82.2027.768.78
2017  603,000  197,000  407,00021.47.014.42.1526.668.91
2018  600,000  201,000  399,00021.07.014.02.1025.568.98
2019  602,000  198,000  404,00020.96.914.02.0824.569.56
2020  603,000  210,000  392,00020.67.213.42.0623.869.25
2021  610,000  232,000  377,00020.47.812.62.0322.868.45

CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects, 2022 [10]

Structure of the population

Structure of the population (22.06.2011) (Census): [11]
Age groupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total12 849 04113 645 46326 494 504100
0–41 314 9571 253 0062 567 9639.69
5–91 635 1761 569 6833 204 85912.10
10–141 764 6301 710 7943 475 42413.12
15–191 443 1911 488 7892 931 98011.07
20–241 043 9811 314 0902 358 0718.90
25–29917 2431 162 1112 079 3547.85
30–34770 577964 7281 735 3056.55
35–39740 200864 1191 604 3196.06
40–44660 290725 8311 386 1215.23
45–49575 101597 8581 172 9594.43
50–54505 864499 6121 005 4763.80
55–59412 892405 371818 2633.09
60–64368 451388 376756 8272.86
65–69277 782276 667554 4492.09
70–74199 610195 543395 1531.49
75–79117 358117 777235 1350.89
80–8462 78765 990128 7770.49
85–8925 81026 71652 5260.20
90–948 94011 39520 3350.08
95+4 2017 00711 2080.04
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–144 714 7634 533 4839 248 24634.91
15–647 437 7908 410 88515 848 67559.82
65+696 488701 0951 397 5835.27
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2016) (Based on the results of the 2011 [12] Population Census.): [13]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total13 784 00914 647 48628 431 494100
0–41 525 6301 424 5372 950 16710.38
5–91 368 4951 305 7832 674 2789.41
10–141 564 0801 498 7843 062 86510.77
15–191 680 5251 636 7903 317 31511.67
20–241 476 6111 545 3093 021 91910.63
25–291 033 2221 307 7092 340 9318.23
30–34860 5121 138 3031 998 8167.03
35–39771 970968 8151 740 7846.12
40–44691 192830 7971 521 9895.35
45–49632 128701 9581 334 0864.69
50–54552 834587 3461 140 1794.01
55–59462 675468 275930 9503.27
60–64382 738387 360770 0982.71
65–69303 255324 567627 8212.21
70–74231 131251 818482 9491.70
75–79162 123177 791339 9141.20
80+84 88991 543176 4320.62
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–144 458 2054 229 1048 687 30930.56
15–648 544 4069 572 66318 117 06963.72
65+781 398845 7191 627 1175.72
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2021) (Based on the results of the 2011[ citation needed ] Population Census.): [14]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total14 734 20115 643 85330 378 055100
0–41 575 1741 459 4413 034 6159.99
5–91 515 0511 414 3462 929 3969.64
10–141 364 2701 301 9062 666 1768.78
15–191 549 1161 493 7233 042 83810.02
20–241 646 1481 627 2473 273 39510.78
25–291 437 0921 531 2522 968 3449.77
30–341 002 2001 293 0072 295 2067.56
35–39835 6681 124 1251 959 7936.45
40–44749 759954 4581 704 2175.61
45–49668 244814 4811 482 7264.88
50–54604 753682 3321 287 0854.24
55–59518 686563 3201 082 0063.56
60–64420 366439 121859 4872.83
65-69330 597348 942679 5392.24
70-74241 518272 499514 0181.69
75-79160 174186 318346 4931.14
80+115 385137 335252 7210.83
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–144 454 4954 175 6938 630 18828.41
15–649 432 03210 523 06619 955 09865.69
65+847 674945 0941 792 7685.90

Life expectancy

[ needs update ]

Historical development of life expectancy in Nepal Life expectancy in Nepal.svg
Historical development of life expectancy in Nepal
PeriodLife expectancy in
years
PeriodLife expectancy in
years
1950–195534.01985–199052.1
1955–196034.61990–199556.4
1960–196536.21995–200060.5
1965–197039.12000–200564.0
1970–197542.02005–201066.7
1975–198044.92010–201568.9
1980–198548.3

Source: UN World Population Prospects [15]

.

Demographic and Health Survey

Total fertility rate (TFR) (wanted fertility rate) and crude birth rate (CBR): [16]

YearTotalUrbanRural
CBRTFRCBRTFRCBRTFR
1996374.64 (2.9)272.85 (1.9)384.83 (3.1)
200133.54.1 (2.5)20.62.1 (1.4)34.94.4 (2.6)
200628.43.1 (2.0)21.92.1 (1.4)29.53.3 (2.1)
201124.32.6 (1.8)16.61.6 (1.2)25.52.8 (1.8)
201622.42.3 (1.7)19.92.0 (1.5)26.32.9 (2.1)
202220.02.1 (1.7)19.32.0 (1.6)21.42.4 (1.8)

The following demographic statistics are from the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). [17]

Median birth intervals (median number of months since preceding birth)

Total: 36.2
Rural: 35.9
Urban: 40.3 (2011)

Median age at first birth

Median age: 20.1 (2011)

Fertility rate – past trend and present

Total fertility rate: 4.6 children born/woman (1996)
Total fertility rate: 4.1 children born/woman (2001)
Total fertility rate: 3.1 children born/woman (2006)
Total fertility rate: 2.6 children born/woman
Rural fertility rate: 2.8 children born/woman
Urban fertility rate: 1.6 children born/woman (2011)

Ideal family size – mean ideal number of children

Overall (female/male): 2.1 / 2.3
Currently married (female/male): 2.2 / 2.3
Urban (female/male): 1.9 / 2.0
Rural (female/male): 2.2 / 2.3 (2011)

Ideal family size by gender and age group

Below is a table of the ideal family size by gender and age for 2011.
AgeWomenMen
15–191.92.2
20–241.92.1
25–292.12.1
30–342.22.3
35–392.32.4
40–442.52.4
45–492.62.6


Ethnic and regional equity

Ethnic groups of Nepal (2023) [18]

   Chhetri (16.45%)
   Bahun (11.29%)
   Magar (6.9%)
   Tharu (6.2%)
   Tamang (5.62%)
   Newar (4.6%)
   Kami (5.04%)
   Muslim (4.86%)
   Yadav (4.21%)
   Rai (2.2%)
  Others (32.63%)
Magar girls of Nepal Indigenous magar girls of Nepal.JPG
Magar girls of Nepal
Nepali Gorkhas Gurkhas.jpg
Nepali Gorkhas
Hill brahmin girls in traditional attire Nepali culture.JPG
Hill brahmin girls in traditional attire
Magar Men playing their traditional instrument "Khaijadi Damfu nepal.jpg
Magar Men playing their traditional instrument "Khaijadi
Largest Ethnicity/Caste in Districts of Nepal Largest Ethnicity-Caste in Nepal's District.png
Largest Ethnicity/Caste in Districts of Nepal

Nepali was the national language and Sanskrit became a required school subject. [19] Children who spoke Nepali natively and who were exposed to Sanskrit had much better chances[ citation needed ] of passing the national examinations at the end of high school, which meant they had better employment prospects and could continue into higher education. Children who natively spoke local languages of the Madhesh and Hills, or Tibetan dialects prevailing in the high mountains were at a considerable disadvantage. This history of exclusion coupled with poor prospects for improvement created grievances that encouraged many in ethnic communities such as Madhesi and Tharu in the Tharuhat and Madhesh and Kham Magar in the mid-western hills to support the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and various other armed Maoist opposition groups such as the JTMM during and after the Nepali Civil War. The negotiated end to this war forced King Gyanendra to abdicate in 2008. Issues of ethnic and regional equity have tended to dominate the agenda of the new republican government and continue to be divisive. Today, even after the end of a 10-year-old Maoist conflict, the upper caste dominates every field in Nepal. Although Newars are low in numbers, their urban living habitat gives them a competitive advantage. Kayastha of Madhesh are the toppers in Human Development Index. [20] From a gender perspective, Newari women are the most literate and lead in every sector. Brahmin and Chhetri women have experienced less social and economic mobility compared to Newari women. Specifically, Brahmin women experience less equality due to their predominately rural living conditions which deprives them of access to certain educational and healthcare advantages. [21] [22] [23] [24] [25]

Languages

   Nepali (44.64%)
   Maithili (11.67%)
   Bhojpuri (5.98%)
   Tharu (5.77%)
   Tamang (5.11%)
   Newar (3.20%)
   Bajjika (2.99%)
   Magar (2.98%)
   Doteli (2.97%)
   Urdu (2.61%)
   Awadhi (1.89%)
   Limbu (1.30%)
   Gurung (1.23%)
  Baitadeli (1.03%)
  Others (6.63%)

Nepal's diverse linguistic heritage evolved from three major language groups: Indo-Aryan, Tibeto-Burman languages, and various indigenous language isolates. According to the 2001 national census, 92 different living languages are spoken in Nepal (a 93rd category was "unspecified"). Based upon the 2011 census, the major languages spoken in Nepal [26] (percentage spoken out of the mother tongue language) includes

Nepali (derived from Khas bhasa) is an Indo-Aryan language and is written in Devanagari script. Nepali was the language of the house of Gorkhas in the late 18th century and became the official, national language that serves as the lingua franca among Nepali of different ethnolinguistic groups. Maithili, Bhojpuri, Bajjika and Awadhi languages are spoken in the southern Terai. There has been a surge in the number and percentage of people who understand English. Majority of the urban and a significant number of the rural schools are English-medium schools. Higher education in technical, medical, scientific and engineering fields are entirely in English. Nepal Bhasa, the mother-tongue of the Newars, is widely used and spoken in and around Kathmandu Valley and in major Newar trade towns across Nepal.

Other languages, particularly in the Inner Terai hill and mountain regions, are remnants of the country's pre-unification history of dozens of political entities isolated by mountains and gorges. These languages typically are limited to an area spanning about one day's walk. Beyond that distance, dialects and languages lose mutual intelligibility. However, there are some major languages spoken by indigenous peoples in the region: Magar and Gurung in the west-central hills, Tamang in the east-centre and Limbu in the east. In the high Himalayas are spoken various Tibetan languages, including Bhotia.

MOST SPOKEN LANGUAGE IN NEPAL (2021) MOST SPOKEN LANGUAGE IN NEPAL.png
MOST SPOKEN LANGUAGE IN NEPAL (2021)

Since Nepal's unification, various indigenous languages have come under threat of extinction as the government of Nepal has marginalized their use through strict policies[ citation needed ] [27] designed to promote Nepali as the official language. Indigenous languages which have gone extinct or are critically threatened include Byangsi, Chonkha, and Longaba. Since democracy was restored in 1990, however, the government has worked to improve the marginalization of these languages. Tribhuvan University began surveying and recording threatened languages in 2010 and the government intends to use this information to include more languages on the next Nepali census. [28]

Religion

Religion in Nepal (2021 census) [18]

   Hinduism (81.19%)
   Buddhism (8.21%)
   Islam (5.09%)
   Kirat Mundhum (3.17%)
   Christianity (1.76%)
  Other (0.9%)

As of the 2021 census, 81.19% of the Nepali population was Hindu, 8.21% Buddhist, 5.09% Muslim, 3.17% Kiratist/Yumaist, 1.76% Christian, and 0.9% followed other or no religion. [29]

Nepali Hindu bride and groom Nepali bride and bridegroom.jpg
Nepali Hindu bride and groom

Nepal defines itself as a secular nation according to Constitution of Nepal [30] It is common for many Hindus in the country to also worship Buddhist deities simultaneously with Hindu traditions. The notion of religion in Nepal is more fluid than other countries, particularly Western countries. [31] The Nepali people build their social networks through their religious celebrations, which are a central part to the whole of communities within the country. [30]

There is a general idea held by the Nepali people that there is an omnipotent, transcendental "moral order" that is sacred to Hinduism. This idea exists along with the constant presence of chaos and disorder in the material world. [31] In the northwestern region of the country, this all-encompassing state of disorder in the world is synonymous with human affliction, which the religious shamans are believed to alleviate. [31]

Kathmandu Valley is home to the Newars, a major ethnic group in Nepal. The city Bhaktapur is located inside of Kathmandu Valley. Bhaktapur was once an independent Hindu Kingdom. [31] Individual homes typically have at least one shrine devoted to personal deities, with an altar displaying flowers, fruit, and oil among other offerings to the Gods. [30] The perimeter of Kathmandu Valley is lined with shrines devoted to Hindu goddesses, whose purpose is to protect the city from chaotic events. At least one shrine can be found on the vast majority of streets in Kathmandu. [30] The people of Nepal do not feel the need to segregate or compete based upon religion, so Hindu and Buddhist shrines are often coexisting in the same areas. [30] The areas outside of the city are perceived to always possess some form of wild or disordered nature, so the Nepali people inside of the city lines regularly worship the Hindu gods through public ceremonies. [31]

The Hindu god Vishnu is believed to symbolise moral order in the Newar society. The natural human shortcomings in maintaining this moral order is believed to be represented by the Hindu god Shiva. [31] The destruction of Shiva is neutralised by the preserver Vishnu, who tips the scales to restore order. [31] In recent times, there has been a rise in political violence, specifically Maoist violence. [30] This increased violence, along with the widespread poverty, has caused the Nepali to seek stability and peace in religion.

Nepal's constitution continues long-standing legal provisions prohibiting discrimination against other religions (but also proselytization). The king was deified as the earthly manifestation of the Hindu god Vishnu. On May 19, 2006, the government faced a constitutional crisis, the House of Representatives which had been just reformed, having been previously dissolved, declared Nepal a "secular state".

The 2001 census identified 80.6% of the population as Hindu and 10.7% as Buddhist (although many people labeled Hindu or Buddhist often practice a syncretic blend of Hinduism, Buddhism, or animist traditions), 4.2% of the population was Muslim, 3.6% of the population followed the indigenous Kirat Mundhum religion and Christianity was practiced by 0.45% of the population. [32]

Buddhist and Hindu shrines and festivals are respected and celebrated by most Nepali. Certain animist practises of old indigenous religions continue to survive to the modern era.


Migration

Emigration

Gurkhas of Nepal. Gurkha IOC 1.jpg
Gurkhas of Nepal.

Nepali in the United Kingdom

In the 2001 census, approximately 6,000 Nepali were living in the UK. [33] According to latest figure from Office for National Statistics estimates that 51,000 Nepal-born people are currently resident in the UK. [34] There has been increasing interest in the opportunities offered in the UK by the Nepali, especially education. Between the years of 2001 to 2006, there were 7,500 applications for student visas. [33]

Nepali in Hong Kong

The Nepali people residing in Hong Kong are primarily made up of children of ex-Gurkhas; born in Hong Kong during their parents' service with the British Army's Brigade of Gurkhas, which was based in Hong Kong from the 1970s until the handover. Large groups of Nepali people can be found in Shek Kong and Yuen Long District off of the main bases of the British army. Many ex-Gurkhas remained in Hong Kong after the end of their service under the sponsorship of their Hong Kong-born children, who held right of abode.

Nepali of middle age or older generations in Hong Kong are predominantly found in security, while those of younger generations are predominantly found in the business industry.

Mostly the people from Kirati ethnic groups such as Rai and Limbu are the ones residing in Hong Kong and other neighbouring nations such as Singapore and Japan.

Nepali overseas

Nepali migrants abroad have suffered tremendous hardships, including some 7,500 deaths in the Middle East and Malaysia alone since the year 2000, some 3,500 in Saudi Arabia. [35]

Overseas Nepali population
CountryPopulation
(thousands)
India [36] 8,000
United Arab Emirates 400
Saudi Arabia [37] 297
Australia [38] 219
United States [39] 205
Qatar [40] 200
Japan [41] 156
United Kingdom [34] 62
Iraq [42] 30
South Korea 22
Hong Kong 16
Canada [43] 14
Malaysia 6
Singapore 4
China 3.5
Approx. total9,600

Immigration

Foreign population in Nepal as per census of 2001 Foreing population in Nepal 2001.png
Foreign population in Nepal as per census of 2001

According to the 2001 census, there were 116,571 foreign born citizens in Nepal; 90% of them were of Indian origin followed by Bhutan, Pakistan and China. [44] This number does not include the refugees from Bhutan and Tibet.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kathmandu</span> Capital and largest city in Nepal

Kathmandu, officially the Kathmandu Metropolitan City, is the seat of federal government and the most populous city in Nepal. As of the 2021 Nepal census, there were 845,767 inhabitants living in 105,649 households and approximately 4 million people in its surrounding agglomeration. It is located in the Kathmandu Valley, a large valley surrounded by hills in central Nepal, at an altitude of 4,344 feet above sea level.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Newar people</span> Native ethnic group of Nepal

Newar, or Nepami, are primarily inhabitants in Kathmandu Valley of Nepal and its surrounding areas, and the creators of its historic heritage and civilisation. Newars are a distinct linguistic and cultural group, primarily Indo-Aryan and Tibeto-Burman ethnicities, who share a common language, Nepal Bhasa, and predominantly practice Newar Hinduism and Newar Buddhism. Newars have developed a division of labour and a sophisticated urban civilisation not seen elsewhere in the Himalayan foothills. Newars have continued their age-old traditions and practices and pride themselves as the true custodians of the religion, culture and civilisation of Nepal. Newars are known for their contributions to culture, art and literature, trade, agriculture and cuisine. Today, they consistently rank as the most economically and socially advanced community in Nepal, according to the annual Human Development Index published by UNDP. Newars are ranked the 8th largest ethnic group in Nepal according to the 2021 Nepal census numbering 1,341,363 people constituting 4.6% of the total population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Buddhism in Nepal</span>

Buddhism in Nepal started spreading since the reign of Ashoka through Indian and Tibetan missionaries. The Kiratas were the first people in Nepal who embraced the Buddha’s teachings, followed by the Licchavis and Newar people. Buddhism is Nepal's second-largest religion, with 8.2% of the country's population, or approximately 2.4 million people, identifying as adherents of Buddhism in a 2021 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hinduism in Nepal</span>

Hinduism is the largest religion of Nepal. In 2006, the country declared itself a secular country through democracy, after the abolition of its monarchy. According to the 2021 census, the Hindu population in Nepal is estimated to be around 23,677,744 which accounts for at least 81.19% of the country's population, the highest percentage of Hindus of any country in the world. Vikram Samvat, one of the two official calendars used in Nepal, is a solar calendar essentially the same to that widespread in North India as a religious calendar, and is based on Solar unit of time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Culture of Nepal</span>

The culture of Nepal encompasses the various cultures belonging to the 125 distinct ethnic groups present in Nepal. The culture of Nepal is expressed through music and dance; art and craft; folklore; languages and literature; philosophy and religion; festivals and celebration; foods and drinks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bhaktapur District</span> District in Nepal

Bhaktapur District located in the eastern part of Kathmandu valley, is the smallest among Nepal's 77 districts. It is part of Bagmati Province. Bhaktapur District Post Office is 44800. The district, with Bhaktapur as its district headquarters, covers an area of 119 km2 (46 sq mi) and in 2011 had a population of 304,651 of whom 9,701 people were absent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jhapa District</span> A district in eastern Nepal

Jhapa District is a district of Koshi Province in eastern Nepal named after a Rajbanshi Surjapuri language word "Jhapa", meaning "to cover" (verb). The 2021 Nepal Census, puts the total population of the district at 994,090. The total area of the district is 1,606 square kilometres.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kathmandu District</span> District in Bagmati Province, Nepal

Kathmandu District is a district located in Kathmandu Valley, Bagmati Province of Nepal. It is one of the 77 districts of Nepal, covers an area of 413.69 km2 (159.73 sq mi), and is the most densely populated district of Nepal with 1,081,845 inhabitants in 2001, 1,744,240 in 2011 and 2,017,532 in 2021. The administrative headquarters of Kathmandu district is located in Kathmandu. The city has 21 post offices which handle mail from across the country and beyond, with Kathmandu DPO having 44,600 as its postal code for international mail delivery services like UPS or DHL Couriers etc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Okhaldhunga District</span> District in Koshi Province, Nepal

Okhaldhunga District is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province in eastern Nepal. The district, with the municipality of Okhaldhunga as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,074.5 km2 (414.9 sq mi) and had a population of 156,702 in 2001 and 147,984 in 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tehrathum District</span> District in Koshi Province, Nepal

Tehrathum District, is one of 14 districts of Koshi Province of Nepal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Religion in Nepal</span>

Religion in Nepal encompasses a wide diversity of groups and beliefs. Nepal is a secular nation and secularism in Nepal under the Interim constitution is defined as "Religious and cultural freedom along with the protection of religion and culture handed down from time immemorial." That is, "The state government is bound for protecting and fostering Hindu religion while maintaining "Religious" and "Cultural" freedom throughout the nation as fundamental rights.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Islam in Nepal</span> Ethnic group

Islam is the third largest religion in Nepal. According to the 2021 Nepal census, approximately 1.483 million Muslims, comprising 5.09% of the population, live in Nepal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethnic groups in Nepal</span>

Ethnic groups in Nepal are delineated using language, ethnic identity or the caste system in Nepal. They are categorized by common culture and endogamy. Endogamy carves out ethnic groups in Nepal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nepalis</span> Nationals or citizens of Nepal

Nepali are the citizens of Nepal under Nepali nationality law. The term Nepali usually refers to the nationality, that is, to people with citizenship of Nepal, while the people without Nepalese citizenship but with roots in Nepal are strictly referred to as Nepali-language Speaking Foreigners who are speakers of Nepali or any of the other 128 Nepali languages but are now foreign citizens or of foreign nationality bearing passports and citizenship of the foreign nation. It is also not generally used to refer to non-citizen residents, dual citizens, and expatriates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dipayal Silgadhi</span> Municipality in Sudurpashchim Province, Nepal

Dipayal Silgadhi is a municipality and the district headquarters of Doti District in Sudurpashchim Province of Nepal. Previously, it also served as the headquarters of the Far-Western Development Region. It lies in the Lesser Himalayas on the bank of Seti River. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 32,941 people living in 7,447 individual households.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nepalis in China</span> Nepali diaspora in China

The community of Nepalis in China consists of Nepalese immigrants and expatriates to China as well as Chinese citizens of Nepalese descent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siddhicharan Municipality</span> Municipality in Nepal

Siddhicharan is a municipality and the district headquarter of Okhaldhunga District in Province No. 1 of Nepal that was established in May 2014 by merging the two former Village development committees Andheri, Thulachhap, Jyamire, Salleri, Rumjatar and Okhaldhunga. It is named after the Nepali poet Siddhicharan Shrestha.

Sharada Municipality is a municipality located in Salyan District of Karnali Province in western Nepal. This municipality was formed on May 18, 2014. It was formed by merging seven Village Development Committees: Dandagaun, Hiwalcha, Kajeri, Khalanga, Marke, Saijuwal Takura and Syanikhal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tarakeshwar</span> Municipality in Bagmati, Nepal

Tarakeshwar is a municipality in Kathmandu District in Bagmati Province of Nepal that was established on 2 December 2014 by merging the former Village development committees Dharmasthali, Futung, Goldhunga, Jitpurphedi, Kavresthali, Manmaiju and Sangla. The office of the municipality is that of the former Dharmasthali village development committee.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bagmati Province</span> Province in central Nepal

Bagmati Province is one of the seven provinces of Nepal established by the constitution of Nepal. Bagmati is Nepal's second-most populous province and fifth largest province by area. It is bordered by Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, Gandaki Province to the west, Koshi Province to the east, Madhesh Province and the Indian state of Bihar to the south. With Hetauda as its provincial headquarters, the province is also the home to the country's capital Kathmandu, is mostly hilly and mountainous, and hosts mountain peaks including Gaurishankar, Langtang, Jugal, and Ganesh.

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