Demographics of Kyrgyzstan | |
---|---|
Population | 6,636,800 (2021) [1] |
Density | 27.4/km2 (71/sq mi) |
Growth rate | 1.32/1,000 population (2010) |
Birth rate | 24.0 births/1,000 population (2020) |
Death rate | 6.0 deaths/1,000 population (2020) |
Life expectancy | 71.9 years (2020) |
• male | 67.8 years (2020) |
• female | 76.0 years (2020) |
Fertility rate | 3.04 children born/woman (2020) |
Infant mortality rate | 14.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2020) |
Age structure | |
0–14 years | 23.6% |
15–64 years | 62.9% |
65 and over | 6.2% |
Sex ratio | |
At birth | 1.05 male(s)/female |
Under 15 | 1.04 male(s)/female |
15–64 years | 0.96 male(s)/female |
65 and over | 0.64 male(s)/female |
Nationality | |
Nationality | Kyrgyz |
Major ethnic | Kyrgyz |
Minor ethnic | Kazakh, Russian, Uzbek, Dungan, Uyghur, Tajiks |
Language | |
Official | Kyrgyz, Russian |
Spoken | Kyrgyz, Russian |
The Demographics of Kyrgyzstan is about the demographic features of the population of Kyrgyzstan, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. The name Kyrgyz, both for the people and the country, means "forty tribes", a reference to the epic hero Manas who unified forty tribes against the Oirats, as symbolized by the 40-ray sun on the flag of Kyrgyzstan.
Kyrgyzstan's population increased from 2.1 million to 4.8 million between the censuses of 1959 and 1999. [2] Official estimates set the population at 6,389,500 in 2019. [1] Of those, 34.4% are under the age of 15 and 6.2% are over the age of 65. The country is rural: only about one-third of Kyrgyzstan's population live in urban areas. The average population density is 27.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (71/sq mi).
The nation's largest ethnic group are the Kyrgyz, a Turkic people, which comprise 73.2% of the population (2018 census). Other ethnic groups include Russians (5.8%) concentrated in the north and Uzbeks (14.5%) living in the south. Small but noticeable minorities include Dungans (1.1%), Uyghurs (1.1%), Tajiks (0.9%), Kazakhs (0.7%) and Ukrainians (0.5%), and other smaller ethnic minorities (1.7%). Of the formerly sizable Volga German community, exiled here by Joseph Stalin from their earlier homes in the Volga German Republic, most have returned to Germany, and only a few small groups remain. A small percentage of the population are also Koreans, who are the descendants of the Koreans deported in 1937 from the Soviet Far East to Central Asia.
Kyrgyzstan has undergone a pronounced change in its ethnic composition since independence. [3] [4] The percentage of ethnic Kyrgyz increased from around 50% in 1979 to nearly 73% in 2018, while the percentage of Slavic ethnic groups (Russians, Ukrainians) dropped from 35% to about 6%. [1] [2]
The Kyrgyz have historically been semi-nomadic herders, living in round tents called yurts and tending sheep, horses and yaks. This nomadic tradition continues to function seasonally (see transhumance) as herding families return to the high mountain pasture (or jailoo) in the summer. The retention of this nomadic heritage and the freedoms that it implies continue to affect the political atmosphere in the country.
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Data refer to annual average population.): [6]
Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 3 265 870 | 3 314 296 | 6 580 166 | 100 |
0–4 | 413 265 | 392 172 | 805 437 | 12.24 |
5–9 | 388 796 | 369 309 | 758 105 | 11.52 |
10–14 | 309 396 | 297 034 | 606 430 | 9.22 |
15–19 | 258 649 | 249 178 | 507 827 | 7.72 |
20–24 | 263 240 | 252 719 | 515 959 | 7.84 |
25–29 | 289 819 | 279 117 | 568 936 | 8.65 |
30–34 | 282 674 | 281 432 | 564 106 | 8.57 |
35–39 | 222 715 | 220 855 | 443 570 | 6.74 |
40–44 | 180 015 | 182 328 | 362 343 | 5.51 |
45–49 | 157 253 | 167 537 | 324 790 | 4.94 |
50–54 | 142 981 | 156 499 | 299 480 | 4.55 |
55–59 | 129 553 | 149 093 | 278 646 | 4.23 |
60–64 | 99 239 | 121 193 | 220 432 | 3.35 |
65-69 | 59 174 | 80 206 | 139 380 | 2.12 |
70-74 | 33 247 | 50 398 | 83 645 | 1.27 |
75-79 | 13 209 | 21 957 | 35 166 | 0.53 |
80-84 | 13 189 | 25 642 | 38 831 | 0.59 |
85-89 | 4 822 | 10 280 | 15 102 | 0.23 |
90-94 | 3 131 | 5 305 | 8 436 | 0.13 |
95-99 | 1 127 | 1 459 | 2 586 | 0.04 |
100+ | 376 | 583 | 959 | 0.01 |
Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
0–14 | 1 111 457 | 1 058 515 | 2 169 972 | 32.98 |
15–64 | 2 026 138 | 2 059 951 | 4 086 089 | 62.10 |
65+ | 128 275 | 195 830 | 324 105 | 4.93 |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Statistics are taken from the United Nations Demographic Yearbook, the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, the Demographic Annual of the Kyrgyz Republic, and Demoskop Weekly. [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]
Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Crude migration rate (per 1000) | TFR | Life expectancy (male) | Life expectancy (female) | Life expectancy (total) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | 1,740,000 | 56,471 | 14,845 | 41,626 | 32.5 | 8.5 | 24.0 | |||||
1951 | 1,768,000 | 58,828 | 13,927 | 44,901 | 33.3 | 7.9 | 25.4 | -9.3 | ||||
1952 | 1,788,000 | 57,632 | 13,868 | 43,764 | 32.2 | 7.8 | 24.4 | -13.1 | ||||
1953 | 1,818,000 | 60,755 | 14,288 | 46,467 | 33.4 | 7.9 | 25.5 | -8.7 | ||||
1954 | 1,859,000 | 63,803 | 13,684 | 50,119 | 34.3 | 7.4 | 26.9 | -4.3 | ||||
1955 | 1,903,000 | 63,883 | 14,923 | 48,960 | 33.6 | 7.8 | 25.8 | -2.1 | ||||
1956 | 1,941,000 | 65,667 | 11,918 | 53,749 | 33.8 | 6.1 | 27.7 | -7.7 | ||||
1957 | 1,978,000 | 68,644 | 12,275 | 56,369 | 34.7 | 6.2 | 28.5 | -9.4 | ||||
1958 | 2,030,000 | 70,521 | 12,324 | 58,197 | 34.7 | 6.1 | 28.6 | -2.3 | ||||
1959 | 2,099,000 | 70,501 | 12,930 | 57,571 | 33.6 | 6.2 | 27.4 | 6.6 | ||||
1960 | 2,172,000 | 80,209 | 13,259 | 66,950 | 36.9 | 6.1 | 30.8 | 4.0 | ||||
1961 | 2,256,000 | 80,671 | 15,175 | 65,496 | 35.8 | 6.7 | 29.1 | 9.6 | ||||
1962 | 2,333,000 | 79,010 | 15,141 | 63,869 | 33.9 | 6.5 | 27.4 | 6.7 | ||||
1963 | 2,413,000 | 80,279 | 14,986 | 65,293 | 33.3 | 6.2 | 27.1 | 7.2 | ||||
1964 | 2,495,000 | 79,342 | 15,834 | 63,508 | 31.8 | 6.3 | 25.5 | 8.5 | ||||
1965 | 2,573,000 | 80,812 | 16,693 | 64,119 | 31.4 | 6.5 | 24.9 | 6.4 | ||||
1966 | 2,655,000 | 81,771 | 17,888 | 63,883 | 30.8 | 6.7 | 24.1 | 7.8 | ||||
1967 | 2,737,000 | 83,609 | 19,550 | 64,059 | 30.5 | 7.1 | 23.4 | 7.5 | ||||
1968 | 2,818,000 | 86,741 | 19,840 | 66,901 | 30.8 | 7.0 | 23.8 | 5.8 | ||||
1969 | 2,896,000 | 87,210 | 21,683 | 65,527 | 30.1 | 7.5 | 22.6 | 5.1 | ||||
1970 | 2,964,000 | 90,442 | 21,828 | 68,614 | 30.5 | 7.4 | 23.1 | 0.4 | ||||
1971 | 3,028,000 | 95,932 | 21,343 | 74,589 | 31.7 | 7.0 | 24.7 | -3.1 | ||||
1972 | 3,094,000 | 94,923 | 23,157 | 71,766 | 30.7 | 7.5 | 23.2 | -1.4 | ||||
1973 | 3,160,000 | 97,421 | 24,181 | 73,240 | 30.8 | 7.7 | 23.1 | -1.8 | ||||
1974 | 3,230,000 | 99,433 | 23,747 | 75,686 | 30.8 | 7.4 | 23.4 | -1.2 | ||||
1975 | 3,299,000 | 101,287 | 26,920 | 74,367 | 30.7 | 8.2 | 22.5 | -1.1 | ||||
1976 | 3,365,000 | 106,606 | 27,864 | 78,742 | 31.7 | 8.3 | 23.4 | -3.4 | ||||
1977 | 3,430,000 | 104,971 | 28,510 | 76,461 | 30.6 | 8.3 | 22.3 | -3.0 | ||||
1978 | 3,495,000 | 106,176 | 28,385 | 77,791 | 30.4 | 8.1 | 22.3 | -3.3 | ||||
1979 | 3,558,000 | 107,091 | 29,578 | 77,513 | 30.1 | 8.3 | 21.8 | -3.8 | ||||
1980 | 3,628,000 | 107,278 | 30,460 | 76,818 | 29.6 | 8.4 | 21.2 | -1.5 | ||||
1981 | 3,699,000 | 113,434 | 29,591 | 83,843 | 30.7 | 8.0 | 22.7 | -3.1 | ||||
1982 | 3,775,000 | 117,235 | 29,194 | 88,041 | 31.1 | 7.7 | 23.4 | -2.9 | ||||
1983 | 3,857,000 | 120,708 | 30,241 | 90,467 | 31.3 | 7.8 | 23.5 | -1.8 | ||||
1984 | 3,937,000 | 126,075 | 32,603 | 93,472 | 32.0 | 8.3 | 23.7 | -3.0 | 4.16 | |||
1985 | 4,014,000 | 128,460 | 32,332 | 96,128 | 32.0 | 8.1 | 23.9 | -4.3 | 4.12 | |||
1986 | 4,093,000 | 133,728 | 29,083 | 104,645 | 32.7 | 7.1 | 25.6 | -5.9 | 4.21 | |||
1987 | 4,173,000 | 136,588 | 30,597 | 105,991 | 32.7 | 7.3 | 25.4 | -5.9 | 4.20 | |||
1988 | 4,250,000 | 133,710 | 31,879 | 101,831 | 31.5 | 7.5 | 24.0 | -5.5 | 4.00 | |||
1989 | 4,327,000 | 131,508 | 31,156 | 100,352 | 30.4 | 7.2 | 23.2 | -5.1 | 3.81 | |||
1990 | 4,395,000 | 128,810 | 30,580 | 98,230 | 29.3 | 7.0 | 22.3 | -6.6 | 3.63 | 64.2 | 72.6 | 68.4 |
1991 | 4,464,000 | 129,536 | 30,859 | 98,677 | 29.0 | 6.9 | 22.1 | -6.4 | 3.58 | 64.6 | 72.7 | 68.7 |
1992 | 4,515,000 | 128,352 | 32,163 | 96,189 | 28.4 | 7.1 | 21.3 | -9.9 | 3.52 | 64.2 | 72.2 | 68.2 |
1993 | 4,515,000 | 116,795 | 34,513 | 82,282 | 25.9 | 7.6 | 18.3 | -18.3 | 3.15 | 62.9 | 71.7 | 67.3 |
1994 | 4,523,000 | 110,113 | 37,109 | 73,004 | 24.3 | 8.2 | 16.1 | -14.3 | 2.95 | 61.6 | 70.7 | 66.1 |
1995 | 4,560,000 | 117,340 | 36,915 | 80,425 | 25.7 | 8.1 | 17.6 | -9.4 | 3.12 | 61.4 | 70.4 | 65.9 |
1996 | 4,628,000 | 108,007 | 34,562 | 73,445 | 23.3 | 7.5 | 15.8 | -0.9 | 2.73 | 62.3 | 71.0 | 66.7 |
1997 | 4,696,000 | 102,050 | 34,540 | 67,510 | 21.7 | 7.4 | 14.3 | 0.4 | 2.59 | 62.6 | 71.4 | 67.0 |
1998 | 4,769,000 | 104,183 | 34,596 | 69,587 | 21.8 | 7.3 | 14.5 | 1.0 | 2.65 | 63.1 | 71.2 | 67.2 |
1999 | 4,837,000 | 104,068 | 32,850 | 71,218 | 21.5 | 6.8 | 14.7 | -0.4 | 2.63 | 65.0 | 72.6 | 68.8 |
2000 | 4,888,000 | 96,770 | 34,111 | 62,659 | 19.8 | 7.0 | 12.8 | -2.3 | 2.40 | 64.9 | 72.4 | 68.6 |
2001 | 4,927,000 | 98,138 | 32,677 | 65,461 | 19.9 | 6.6 | 13.3 | -5.3 | 2.39 | 65.0 | 72.6 | 68.8 |
2002 | 4,965,000 | 101,012 | 35,235 | 65,777 | 20.3 | 7.1 | 13.2 | -5.5 | 2.43 | 64.4 | 72.1 | 68.2 |
2003 | 5,011,000 | 105,490 | 35,941 | 69,549 | 21.1 | 7.2 | 13.9 | -4.6 | 2.49 | 64.5 | 72.2 | 68.3 |
2004 | 5,065,000 | 109,939 | 35,061 | 74,878 | 21.7 | 6.9 | 14.8 | -4.0 | 2.55 | 64.4 | 72.3 | 68.4 |
2005 | 5,116,000 | 109,839 | 36,992 | 72,847 | 21.5 | 7.2 | 14.3 | -4.2 | 2.50 | 64.2 | 71.9 | 68.0 |
2006 | 5,164,000 | 120,737 | 38,566 | 82,171 | 23.4 | 7.5 | 15.9 | -6.5 | 2.70 | 63.5 | 72.1 | 67.8 |
2007 | 5,207,000 | 123,251 | 38,180 | 85,071 | 23.7 | 7.3 | 16.4 | -8.1 | 2.71 | 63.7 | 72.3 | 68.0 |
2008 | 5,250,000 | 127,332 | 37,710 | 89,622 | 24.3 | 7.2 | 17.1 | -8.8 | 2.76 | 64.5 | 72.6 | 68.6 |
2009 | 5,383,000 | 135,494 | 35,898 | 99,596 | 25.2 | 6.7 | 18.5 | 6.8 | 2.88 | 65.2 | 73.2 | 69.2 |
2010 | 5,448,000 | 146,123 | 36,174 | 109,949 | 26.8 | 6.6 | 20.2 | -8.1 | 3.06 | 65.3 | 73.5 | 69.4 |
2011 | 5,552,000 | 149,612 | 35,941 | 113,671 | 27.0 | 6.5 | 20.5 | -1.4 | 3.09 | 65.7 | 73.7 | 69.7 |
2012 | 5,663,000 | 154,918 | 36,186 | 118,732 | 27.4 | 6.4 | 21.0 | -1.0 | 3.15 | 66.1 | 74.1 | 70.1 |
2013 | 5,777,000 | 155,520 | 34,880 | 120,640 | 26.9 | 6.0 | 20.9 | -0.8 | 3.11 | 66.3 | 74.3 | 70.3 |
2014 | 5,895,000 | 161,813 | 35,564 | 126,249 | 27.5 | 6.0 | 21.5 | -1.1 | 3.19 | 66.5 | 74.5 | 70.5 |
2015 | 6,019,000 | 163,452 | 34,808 | 128,644 | 27.2 | 5.8 | 21.4 | -0.4 | 3.19 | 66.7 | 74.8 | 70.8 |
2016 | 6,140,000 | 158,160 | 33,475 | 124,685 | 25.8 | 5.5 | 20.3 | -0.2 | 3.06 | 67.0 | 75.1 | 71.1 |
2017 | 6,257,000 | 153,620 | 33,166 | 120,454 | 24.6 | 5.3 | 19.3 | -0.2 | 2.95 | 67.2 | 75.4 | 71.3 |
2018 | 6,389,000 | 171,149 | 32,989 | 138,160 | 26.8 | 5.2 | 21.6 | -0.5 | 3.30 | 67.4 | 75.6 | 71.5 |
2019 | 6,524,000 | 173,484 | 33,295 | 140,189 | 26.6 | 5.1 | 21.5 | -0.4 | 3.33 | 67.6 | 75.8 | 71.7 |
2020 | 6,636,803 | 158,112 | 39,977 | 118,135 | 23.8 | 6.0 | 17.8 | -0.5 | 3.05 | 67.8 | 76.0 | 71.9 |
2021 | 6,747,323 | 150,164 | 38,875 | 111,289 | 22.3 | 5.8 | 16.5 | 0.2 | 2.89 | 67.9 | 76.1 | 72.0 |
2022 | 7,037,590 | 150,225 | 31,401 | 118,824 | 21.5 | 4.5 | 17.0 | 26.0 | 2.81 | 68.0 | 76.3 | 72.2 |
2023 | 7,161,900 | 145,977 | 31,500 | 114,477 | 20.6 | 4.4 | 16.2 | 1.5 | 2.71 | 68.2 | 76.5 | 72.4 |
Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
---|---|---|---|
January—November 2023 | 133,968 | 28,582 | +105,386 |
January—November 2024 | 131,790 | 29,537 | +102,253 |
Difference | -2,178 (-1.63%) | +955 (+3.34%) | -3,133 |
During the Soviet era, fertility in Kyrgyzstan was high (TFR 4 or higher). After the independence there was a fast decrease to 2.4 in the beginning of the 21st century, but the TFR increased to 3 or higher as of 2010. Since 2020, there is a decrease to 2.8 in 2022.
The differences in the number of children by nationality are significant: [3] [4] Uzbeks (3.0 children), Tajiks (3.0 children), Turks (2.9), Kyrgyz (2.9), Dungans (2.8) Russians (1.7), Koreans (1.7), Germans (1.8), Ukrainians (2.1), Tatars (2.1), Kazakhs (2.3) and Uyghurs (2.5). [2] The TFR for Russians, Ukrainians, Germans, and Koreans in Kyrgyzstan are considerably higher than in their home countries.[ citation needed ]
According to the 2022 census, [14] the ethnic composition of the population was as follows: Kyrgyz 77.6%, Uzbeks 14.2%, Russians 4.1%, Dungans 1.0%, Uyghurs 0.5%, other 2.7%, including Tajiks 0.9%, Kazakhs 0.4% and Turks 0.3%. Most Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Germans, and Koreans lived in northeast, especially around the city of Karakol. Most of the Dungans and Uyghurs are found along the Chinese border. Most of the Tajiks and Uzbeks live in and around Fergana valley.
The emigration of non-Turkic people to Russia, Ukraine, and Germany is now negligible, in part because most of them left prior to 1999.[ citation needed ] For example, the number of Germans has fallen by over 90% between the 1989 and 2009 censuses.
The table shows the ethnic composition of Kyrgyzstan's population according to all population censuses between 1926 and 2022. Due to emigration (and low fertility rates), there has been a sharp decline in the European ethnic groups (Russians, Ukrainians, Germans) and also Tatars since independence (as captured in the 1989, 1999, 2009 and 2022 censuses).
Census year | Kyrgyz | Uzbeks | Russians | Dungans | Tajiks | Uyghurs | Kazakhs | Turks | Azeris | Tatars | Kurds | Koreans | Ukrainians | Germans | Chechens | Belarusians | Jews | Others | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
# | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
1926 [15] | 661,171 | 110,463 | 116,436 | 6,004 | 2,667 | 7,540 | 1,766 | 44 | 3,631 | 4,902 | — | — | 9 | 64,128 | 4,291 | 1 | 333 | 318 | 9,300 | 993,004 | |||||||||||||||||
1939 [16] | 754,323 | 151,551 | 302,916 | 5,921 | 10,670 | 9,412 | 23,925 | 33 | 7,724 | 20,017 | 1,490 | 508 | 137,299 | 11,741 | 7 | 1,520 | 1,895 | 17,261 | 1,458,213 | ||||||||||||||||||
1959 [17] | 836,831 | 218,640 | 623,562 | 11,088 | 15,221 | 13,757 | 20,067 | 542 | 10,428 | 56,209 | 4,783 | 3,622 | 137,031 | 39,915 | 25,208 | 4,613 | 8,607 | 35,713 | 2,065,837 | ||||||||||||||||||
1970 [18] | 1,284,773 | 332,638 | 855,935 | 19,837 | 21,927 | 24,872 | 21,998 | 3,076 | 12,536 | 68,827 | 7,974 | 9,404 | 120,081 | 89,834 | 3,391 | 6,868 | 7,677 | 41,157 | 2,932,805 | ||||||||||||||||||
1979 [19] | 1,687,382 | 426,194 | 911,703 | 26,661 | 23,209 | 29,817 | 27,442 | 5,160 | 17,207 | 71,744 | 9,544 | 14,481 | 109,324 | 101,057 | 2,654 | 7,676 | 6,836 | 44,741 | 3,522,832 | ||||||||||||||||||
1989 [20] | 2,229,663 | 550,096 | 916,558 | 36,928 | 33,518 | 36,779 | 37,318 | 21,294 | 15,775 | 70,068 | 14,262 | 18,355 | 108,027 | 101,309 | 2,873 | 9,187 | 6,005 | 49,740 | 4,257,755 | ||||||||||||||||||
1999 [1] | 3,128,147 | 664,950 | 603,201 | 51,766 | 42,636 | 46,944 | 42,657 | 33,327 | 14,014 | 45,438 | 11,620 | 19,784 | 50,442 | 21,471 | 2,612 | 3,208 | 1,571 | 50,770 | 4,822,938 | ||||||||||||||||||
2009 [21] | 3,804,788 | 768,405 | 419,583 | 58,409 | 46,105 | 48,543 | 33,198 | 39,133 | 17,267 | 31,424 | 13,171 | 17,299 | 21,924 | 9,487 | 1,875 | 1,394 | 604 | 43,300 | 5,362,793 | ||||||||||||||||||
2022 [22] | 5,379,020 | 986,881 | 282,652 | 66,525 | 59,895 | 31,559 | 28,244 | 22,074 | 17,359 | 11,219 | 10,733 | 5,900 | 3,875 | 2,831 | 1,105 | 391 | 125 | 25,643 | 6,936,156 |
Languages spoken at home in Kygyzstan according to World Values Survey in 2020:
In the capital city Bishkek; 55.6% of the population speaks Russian at home, whereas Kyrgyz is the second with 43.6% according to the same survey.
Sunni Islam is the predominant religious denomination in Kyrgyzstan. The country has a significant Christian minority which Russian Orthodox is the main denomination.
The Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, also known as Soviet Karakalpakstan or simply Karakalpakstan, was an autonomous republic within the Soviet Union. Until 20 July 1932, it was called the Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast. On 5 December 1936, it was moved from the Russian SFSR to the Uzbek SSR. It was the only ASSR in Soviet Central Asia.
The 1989 Soviet census, conducted between 12 and 19 January of that year, was the final census carried out in the Soviet Union. The census found the total population to be 286,730,819 inhabitants. In 1989, the Soviet Union ranked as the third most populous in the world, above the United States, although it was well below China and India.
Saint Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia, after Moscow and the fourth most populous city in Europe.
Turks in Ukraine are people of Turkish ethnicity living in Ukraine. The first Turkish settlement started during the Ottoman rule of Ukraine. In addition, there has been modern migration to the country largely formed of Meskhetian Turks, followed by immigrants from Turkey and Turkish communities from other post-Ottoman territories, such as Turkish Cypriots from Northern Cyprus.
The Chechen diaspora is a term used to collectively describe the communities of Chechen people who live outside of Chechnya; this includes Chechens who live in other parts of Russia. There are also significant Chechen populations in other subdivisions of Russia.
Turks in Russia, also referred to as Turkish Russians or Russian Turks, refers to people of full or partial ethnic Turkish origin who have either immigrated to Russia or who were born in the Russian state. The community is largely made up of several migration waves, including: descendants of Ottoman-Turkish captives during the Russo-Turkish wars; the Turkish Meskhetian community; and the more recent Turkish immigrants from the Republic of Turkey.
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Turks in Uzbekistan are ethnic Turks who live in Uzbekistan.
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The Kurds in Georgia form a major part of the historically significant Kurdish population in the post-Soviet space, and are members of the eponymous ethnic group that are citizens of Georgia. In the 20th century, most Kurds fled religious persecution in the Ottoman Empire to the Russian Empire. The return of their Kurdish surnames needs effort according to a Kurdish activist in Georgia. The Kurds also have their own schools, school books and a printing press in Georgia. Illiteracy among them disappeared in the early 1900s. Kurds in Georgia are politically neutral; however, in 1999 they staged a huge demonstration in Tbilisi, demanding the release of the founder of the Kurdistan Workers' Party, Abdullah Öcalan. Kurds in Georgia today use Cyrillic script. Earlier, in the 1920s, they used the Latin script.
Armenians in the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania settled there mostly during the Soviet occupation of the Baltic States, although some of the first settlers arrived during the Russian Empire's rule in the Baltics.
Kurds in Russia form a major part of the historically significant Kurdish population in the post-Soviet space, with close ties to the Kurdish communities in the Caucasus and Central Asia.
The Kurds in Turkmenistan form a part of the historically significant Kurdish population in the post-Soviet space, and encompass people born in or residing in Turkmenistan who are of Kurdish origin. In the 17th century, Abbas I of Persia and Nader Shah settled Kurdish tribes from Khuzestan alongside the Iranian-Turkmen border. More Kurds arrived to Turkmenistan in the 19th century to find unclaimed land and to escape starvation.
Azerbaijanis in Kazakhstan are part of the greater Azerbaijani diaspora. They are Kazakh citizens and permanent residents of ethnic Azerbaijani background. According to the 2009 census, there were 85,292 ethnic Azerbaijanis living in Kazakhstan; Azerbaijanis comprised 0.5% of Kazakhstan's population and were the country's tenth-largest ethnic minority.
Tatars in Azerbaijan are Azerbaijani citizens and people of Tatar origin. According to the 2009 census, 25,882 Tatars live in the Republic of Azerbaijan. This is 0.29% of the total population.
The 1939 Soviet census, conducted from January 17 to January 26, succeeded the 1937 Soviet census that was declared invalid. It happened only two years after the previous census, due to the failure of the preceding one.
Assyrians in Azerbaijan, or Azerbaijani Assyrians, are Assyrian people or people of Assyrian descent living in the country of Azerbaijan. While their history in the country spans centuries, the modern immigration of Assyrians to the country is thought to have started in the 19th century, with the Treaty of Gulistan and Turkmenchay.