Demographics of Kazakhstan | |
---|---|
Population | 20,095,963 (1 April, 2024) [1] |
Density | 7.29531/km2 |
Growth rate | 13.5/1,000 population (2010 est.) |
Birth rate | 22.4 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) |
Death rate | 8.9 deaths/1,000 population (2010 est.) |
Life expectancy | 72.25 years |
• male | 67.12 years |
• female | 77.06 years (2021 est.) |
Fertility rate | 3.3 children born/woman (2021 est.) [2] |
Infant mortality rate | 18.4 deaths/1,000 live births |
Age structure | |
0–14 years | 29.5% (male 3,001,983/female 2,833,471) |
15–64 years | 62.0% (male 6,028,354/female 6,224,431) |
65 and over | 8.5% (male 617,364/female 1,061,204) (2023 Est.) [3] |
Sex ratio | |
Total | 0.95 |
At birth | 1.06 male(s)/female |
Under 15 | 1.05 male(s)/female |
15–64 years | 0.95 male(s)/female |
65 and over | 0.54 male(s)/female |
Nationality | |
Nationality | Kazakh(s) or Kazakhstani(s) |
Major ethnic | Kazakh |
Minor ethnic | Russian, Uzbek, Ukrainian, Uyghur, Tatar, German |
Language | |
Official | Kazakh |
Spoken | Kazakh, Russian and others |
The demographics of Kazakhstan enumerate the demographic features of the population of Kazakhstan, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. Some use the word Kazakh to refer to the Kazakh ethnic group and language (autochthonous to Kazakhstan as well as parts of China and Mongolia) and Kazakhstani to refer to Kazakhstan and its citizens regardless of ethnicity, [4] [5] but it is common to use Kazakh in both senses. [6] [7] [8] It is expected that by 2050, the population will range from 23.5 to 27.7 million people. [9]
Official estimates put the population of Kazakhstan at 18,137,300 as of December 2017, of which 44% is rural and 56% urban population. [10] The 2009 population estimate is 6.8% higher than the population reported in the last census from January 1999 (slightly less than 15 million). These estimates have been confirmed by the 2009 population census, and this means that the decline in population that began after 1989 has been arrested and reversed.
In a report released by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) in September 2021, the level of urbanization in Kazakhstan is estimated to reach 69.1% by 2050. [11]
The proportion of men makes up 48.3%, the proportion of women 51.7%. The proportion of Kazakhs makes up 70.7%, Russians 15.2%, Uzbeks 2.9%, Ukrainians 2.1%, Uygur 1.4%, Tatars 1.3%, Germans 1.1%, others 3.9%. Note that a large percentage of the population are of mixed ethnicity.
The first census in Kazakhstan was conducted under Russian Imperial rule in 1897, which estimated population at round 4 million people. Following censuses showed a growth until 1939, where numbers showed a decrease to 6,081 thousand relative to the previous census done 13 years earlier, due to famines of 1922 and 1933.
But since 1939 population has steadily increased to 16.5 million in 1989, according to corresponding year census. Official estimates indicate that the population continued to increase after 1989, peaking out at 17 million in 1993 and then declining to 15 million in the 1999 census. The downward trend continued through 2002, when the estimated population bottomed out at 14.9 million, and then resumed its growth. [12] Significant numbers of Russians returned to Russia. Kazakhstan underwent significant urbanization during the first 50 years of the Soviet era, as the share of the rural population declined from more than 90% in the 1920s to less than 50% since the 1970s. [13] The fertility rate declined to amongst the lower rates in the world in 1999 and increased to again amongst the higher rates in the world in 2021.
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Year (January) | Population (thousands) | Rural, % | Urban, % | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
1897 | 4,000 | — | — | census |
1926 | 6,198 | — | — | census |
1939 | 6,081 | census | ||
1959 | 9,295 | census | ||
1970 | 13,001 | census | ||
1979 | 14,685 | census | ||
1989 | 16,537 | census | ||
1999 | 14,953 | census | ||
2009 | 15,982 | census | ||
2023 | 20,137 | estimate |
As of 2003, there were discrepancies between Western sources regarding the population of Kazakhstan. United States government sources, including the CIA World Fact Book and the US Census Bureau International Data Base, listed the population as 15,340,533, [16] while the World Bank gave a 2002 estimate of 14,858,948. [17] This discrepancy was presumably due to difficulties in measurement caused by the large migratory population in Kazakhstan, emigration, and low population density – only about 5.5 persons per km2 in an area the size of Western Europe.
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2021) (Data refer to resident population.): [18]
Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 9 223 589 | 9 777 399 | 19 000 988 | 100 |
0 | 223 552 | 209 539 | 433 090 | 2.28 |
1–4 | 818 257 | 766 788 | 1 585 045 | 8.34 |
5–9 | 982 270 | 927 108 | 1 909 377 | 10.05 |
10–14 | 857 617 | 811 696 | 1 669 313 | 8.76 |
15–19 | 643 879 | 610 943 | 1 254 821 | 6.60 |
20–24 | 568 174 | 544 634 | 1 112 808 | 5.86 |
25–29 | 699 428 | 680 033 | 1 379 461 | 7.26 |
30–34 | 793 785 | 815 781 | 1 609 566 | 8.47 |
35–39 | 690 052 | 709 580 | 1 399 631 | 7.37 |
40–44 | 586 612 | 615 237 | 1 201 849 | 6.33 |
45–49 | 525 164 | 576 347 | 1 101 510 | 5.80 |
50–54 | 475 079 | 532 077 | 1 007 156 | 5.30 |
55–59 | 449 996 | 534 713 | 984 709 | 5.18 |
60–64 | 375 734 | 486 204 | 861 938 | 4.54 |
65–69 | 241 436 | 361 664 | 603 099 | 3.17 |
70–74 | 149 026 | 263 406 | 412 432 | 2.17 |
75–79 | 60 581 | 122 881 | 183 462 | 0.97 |
80–84 | 57 026 | 141 863 | 198 889 | 1.05 |
85–89 | 17 029 | 47 320 | 64 348 | 0.34 |
90–94 | 5 915 | 15 747 | 21 662 | 0.11 |
95–99 | 1 980 | 3 013 | 4 993 | 0.03 |
100+ | 1 002 | 831 | 1 832 | 0.01 |
Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
0–14 | 2 881 696 | 2 715 129 | 5 596 825 | 29.46 |
15–64 | 5 807 898 | 6 105 548 | 11 913 446 | 62.70 |
65+ | 533 995 | 956 722 | 1 490 717 | 7.84 |
Structure of the population (01.01.2021) (Estimates): [19]
Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 9 160 399 | 9 719 153 | 18 879 552 | 100 |
0–15 | 2 980 297 | 2 809 236 | 5 789 533 | 30.7 |
16–62(59) | 5 524 137 | 5 485 235 | 11 009 372 | 58.3 |
63(60)+ | 655 965 | 1 424 682 | 2 080 647 | 11.0 |
The age group under 15 is considered below the working age, while the age group over 63(60) is above the working age (63 years for men, 60 for women).
Average population | Live births1 | Deaths1 | Natural change1 | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Crude migration change (per 1000) | Fertility rates | Life expectancy | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | 6,703,000 | 254,169 | 79,005 | 175,164 | 37.9 | 11.8 | 26.1 | |||
1951 | 6,946,000 | 272,354 | 80,553 | 191,801 | 39.2 | 11.6 | 27.6 | 8.7 | ||
1952 | 7,133,000 | 265,235 | 85,241 | 179,994 | 37.2 | 12.0 | 25.2 | 1.7 | ||
1953 | 7,271,000 | 262,758 | 73,930 | 188,828 | 36.1 | 10.2 | 26.0 | -6.7 | ||
1954 | 7,528,000 | 278,420 | 76,092 | 202,328 | 37.0 | 10.1 | 26.9 | 8.4 | ||
1955 | 7,992,000 | 299,854 | 73,283 | 226,571 | 37.5 | 9.2 | 28.3 | 33.3 | ||
1956 | 8,426,000 | 305,430 | 64,807 | 240,623 | 36.3 | 7.7 | 28.6 | 25.7 | ||
1957 | 8,722,000 | 326,766 | 68,050 | 258,716 | 37.5 | 7.8 | 29.7 | 5.4 | ||
1958 | 9,077,000 | 336,020 | 62,680 | 273,340 | 37.0 | 6.9 | 30.1 | 10.6 | ||
1959 | 9,516,000 | 349,794 | 69,602 | 280,192 | 36.8 | 7.3 | 29.4 | 19.0 | ||
1960 | 9,996,000 | 372,595 | 65,667 | 306,928 | 37.2 | 6.6 | 30.7 | 19.7 | ||
1961 | 10,480,000 | 377,789 | 68,610 | 309,179 | 36.1 | 6.5 | 29.5 | 18.9 | ||
1962 | 10,958,000 | 369,002 | 70,952 | 298,050 | 33.7 | 6.5 | 27.2 | 18.4 | ||
1963 | 11,321,000 | 346,084 | 67,218 | 278,866 | 30.6 | 5.9 | 24.6 | 8.5 | ||
1964 | 11,610,000 | 324,412 | 66,197 | 258,215 | 27.9 | 5.7 | 22.2 | 3.3 | ||
1965 | 11,909,000 | 314,533 | 69,803 | 244,730 | 26.4 | 5.9 | 20.6 | 5.2 | ||
1966 | 12,185,000 | 307,905 | 69,402 | 238,503 | 25.3 | 5.7 | 19.6 | 3.6 | ||
1967 | 12,456,000 | 301,715 | 71,824 | 229,891 | 24.2 | 5.8 | 18.5 | 3.7 | ||
1968 | 12,694,000 | 296,882 | 73,496 | 223,386 | 23.4 | 5.8 | 17.6 | 1.5 | ||
1969 | 12,901,000 | 297,129 | 78,660 | 218,469 | 23.0 | 6.1 | 16.9 | -0.6 | ||
1970 | 13,106,000 | 301,451 | 77,619 | 223,832 | 23.0 | 5.9 | 17.1 | -1.2 | ||
1971 | 13,321,000 | 317,423 | 79,881 | 237,542 | 23.8 | 6.0 | 17.8 | -1.4 | ||
1972 | 13,534,000 | 318,551 | 85,122 | 233,429 | 23.5 | 6.3 | 17.2 | -1.2 | ||
1973 | 13,742,000 | 321,075 | 90,282 | 230,793 | 23.4 | 6.6 | 16.8 | -1.4 | ||
1974 | 13,955,000 | 338,291 | 93,582 | 244,709 | 24.2 | 6.7 | 17.5 | -2.0 | ||
1975 | 14,136,000 | 343,668 | 101,865 | 241,803 | 24.3 | 7.2 | 17.1 | -4.1 | ||
1976 | 14,279,000 | 350,362 | 103,892 | 246,470 | 24.5 | 7.3 | 17.3 | -7.2 | ||
1977 | 14,425,000 | 349,379 | 105,376 | 244,003 | 24.2 | 7.3 | 16.9 | -6.7 | ||
1978 | 14,589,000 | 355,337 | 107,293 | 248,044 | 24.4 | 7.4 | 17.0 | -5.6 | ||
1979 | 14,743,000 | 354,320 | 113,687 | 240,633 | 24.0 | 7.7 | 16.3 | -5.7 | ||
1980 | 14,884,000 | 356,013 | 119,078 | 236,935 | 23.9 | 8.0 | 15.9 | -6.3 | ||
1981 | 15,033,000 | 367,950 | 120,974 | 246,976 | 24.5 | 8.0 | 16.4 | -6.4 | ||
1982 | 15,185,000 | 373,416 | 120,165 | 253,251 | 24.6 | 7.9 | 16.7 | -6.6 | ||
1983 | 15,334,000 | 378,577 | 123,807 | 254,770 | 24.7 | 8.1 | 16.6 | -6.8 | ||
1984 | 15,481,000 | 399,403 | 129,796 | 269,607 | 25.8 | 8.4 | 17.4 | -7.8 | 3.04 | |
1985 | 15,623,000 | 396,929 | 126,786 | 270,143 | 25.4 | 8.1 | 17.3 | -8.1 | 3.02 | |
1986 | 15,776,000 | 410,846 | 119,149 | 291,697 | 26.0 | 7.6 | 18.5 | -8.7 | 3.13 | |
1987 | 15,948,000 | 417,139 | 122,835 | 294,304 | 26.2 | 7.7 | 18.5 | -7.6 | 3.19 | |
1988 | 16,188,000 | 407,116 | 126,898 | 280,218 | 25.3 | 7.9 | 17.4 | -2.4 | 3.13 | |
1989 | 16,243,000 | 382,269 | 126,378 | 255,891 | 23.5 | 7.8 | 15.8 | -12.4 | 2.81 | |
1990 | 16,328,000 | 362,081 | 128,576 | 233,505 | 22.2 | 7.9 | 14.3 | -9.1 | 2.72 | |
1991 | 16,405,000 | 353,174 | 134,324 | 218,850 | 21.5 | 8.2 | 13.3 | -8.6 | 2.67 | |
1992 | 16,439,000 | 337,612 | 137,518 | 200,094 | 20.5 | 8.4 | 12.2 | -10.1 | 2.62 | |
1993 | 16,381,000 | 315,482 | 156,070 | 159,412 | 19.3 | 9.5 | 9.7 | -13.2 | 2.54 | |
1994 | 16,146,000 | 305,624 | 160,339 | 145,285 | 18.9 | 9.9 | 9.0 | -23.3 | 2.43 | |
1995 | 15,816,000 | 276,125 | 168,656 | 107,469 | 17.5 | 10.7 | 6.8 | -27.2 | 2.21 | |
1996 | 15,578,000 | 253,175 | 166,028 | 87,147 | 16.3 | 10.7 | 5.6 | -20.6 | 2.02 | |
1997 | 15,334,000 | 232,356 | 160,138 | 72,218 | 15.2 | 10.4 | 4.7 | -20.4 | 1.93 | |
1998 | 15,072,000 | 222,380 | 154,314 | 68,066 | 14.8 | 10.2 | 4.5 | -21.6 | 1.81 | |
1999 | 14,939,000 | 217,578 | 147,416 | 70,162 | 14.6 | 9.9 | 4.7 | -13.5 | 1.80 | 65.6 |
2000 | 14,883,626 | 222,054 | 149,778 | 72,276 | 14.9 | 10.1 | 4.9 | -8.6 | 1.88 | 65.5 |
2001 | 14,858,335 | 221,487 | 147,876 | 73,611 | 14.9 | 9.9 | 5.0 | -6.7 | 1.84 | 65.8 |
2002 | 14,858,948 | 227,171 | 149,381 | 77,790 | 15.3 | 10.1 | 5.2 | -5.2 | 1.88 | 66.0 |
2003 | 14,909,018 | 247,946 | 155,277 | 92,669 | 16.6 | 10.4 | 6.2 | -2.8 | 2.03 | 65.8 |
2004 | 15,012,985 | 273,028 | 152,250 | 120,778 | 18.2 | 10.1 | 8.1 | -1.1 | 2.21 | 66.2 |
2005 | 15,147,029 | 278,977 | 157,121 | 121,856 | 18.4 | 10.4 | 8.1 | 0.8 | 2.22 | 65.9 |
2006 | 15,308,084 | 301,756 | 157,210 | 144,546 | 19.7 | 10.3 | 9.4 | 1.2 | 2.36 | 66.2 |
2007 | 15,484,192 | 321,963 | 158,297 | 163,666 | 20.8 | 10.2 | 10.6 | 0.9 | 2.47 | 66.3 |
2008 | 15,674,000 | 357,555 | 152,878 | 204,677 | 22.8 | 9.8 | 13.0 | -0.7 | 2.68 | 67.1 |
2009 | 16,092,822 | 356,261 | 142,883 | 213,378 | 22.1 | 8.9 | 13.3 | 13.4 | 2.55 | 68.4 |
2010 | 16,321,872 | 367,707 | 146,027 | 221,680 | 22.5 | 9.0 | 13.6 | 0.6 | 2.59 | 68.5 |
2011 | 16,557,201 | 372,690 | 144,323 | 228,367 | 22.5 | 8.7 | 13.8 | 0.6 | 2.59 | 68.7 |
2012 | 16,792,089 | 381,153 | 143,411 | 237,742 | 22.7 | 8.5 | 14.2 | 0 | 2.62 | 69.5 |
2013 | 17,035,550 | 387,256 | 136,368 | 250,888 | 22.7 | 8.0 | 14.7 | -0.2 | 2.64 | 70.6 |
2014 | 17,288,285 | 399,309 | 132,287 | 267,022 | 23.1 | 7.7 | 15.5 | -0.7 | 2.73 | 71.4 |
2015 | 17,542,806 | 398,458 | 130,811 | 267,647 | 22.7 | 7.5 | 15.3 | -0.6 | 2.74 | 72.0 |
2016 | 17,794,055 | 400,694 | 131,231 | 269,463 | 22.5 | 7.4 | 15.2 | -0.9 | 2.77 | 72.4 |
2017 | 18,037,775 | 390,262 | 129,009 | 261,253 | 21.6 | 7.2 | 14.5 | -0.8 | 2.75 | 73.0 |
2018 | 18,276,452 | 397,799 | 130,448 | 267,351 | 21.8 | 7.1 | 14.6 | -1.4 | 2.84 | 73.2 |
2019 | 18,513,673 | 402,310 | 133,128 | 269,182 | 21.7 | 7.2 | 14.5 | -1.5 | 2.90 | 73.2 |
2020 | 18,755,665 | 426,824 | 161,333 | 265,491 | 22.8 | 8.6 | 14.2 | -1.1 | 3.13 | 71.4 |
2021 | 19,000,987 | 446,491 | 182,403 | 264,088 | 23.5 | 9.6 | 13.9 | -0.8 | 3.32 | 70.2 |
2022 | 19,634,983 | 403,893 | 133,523 | 270,370 | 20.6 | 6.8 | 13.8 | 19.6 | 3.05 | 74.4 |
2023 | 19,900,325 | 388,428 | 130,686 | 257,742 | 19.5 | 6.6 | 13.0 | 0.5 | 2.96 | 75.1 |
1Births and deaths until 1979 are estimates.
Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
---|---|---|---|
January - July 2023 | 223,250 | 74,844 | +148,406 |
January - July 2024 | 217,977 | 77,954 | +140,023 |
Difference | -5,273 (-2.36%) | +3,110 (+4.16%) | -8,383 |
Total fertility rate by regions of Kazakhstan:
Thus it can be seen that fertility rate is higher in more traditionalist and religious south and west, and lower in the north and east, where the percentage of Slavic and German population is still relatively high. [26] [27] [28]
According to the Kazakhstan Demographic and Health Survey in 1999, the TFR for Kazakhs was 2.5 and that for Russians was 1.38. TFR in 1989 for Kazakhs & Russians were 3.58 and 2.24 respectively. [29]
Year | Kazakh women | Russian women | Ukrainian women | Uzbek women |
---|---|---|---|---|
1989 | 3.58 | 2.24 | — | — |
1995 | 3.11 | 1.69 | — | — |
1999 | 2.50 | 1.38 | — | — |
2000 | 2.12 | 1.18 | 1.60 | 2.90 |
2001 | 2.11 | 1.17 | 1.59 | 2.92 |
2002 | 2.14 | 1.21 | 1.60 | 2.88 |
2003 | 2.30 | 1.30 | 1.71 | 3.10 |
2004 | 2.52 | 1.36 | 1.76 | 3.39 |
2005 | 2.54 | 1.35 | 1.73 | 3.32 |
2006 | 2.73 | 1.38 | 1.80 | 3.43 |
Period | Life expectancy in Years | Period | Life expectancy in Years |
---|---|---|---|
1950–1955 | 55.1 | 1985–1990 | 67.5 |
1955–1960 | 57.3 | 1990–1995 | 65.5 |
1960–1965 | 59.5 | 1995–2000 | 63.0 |
1965–1970 | 61.7 | 2000–2005 | 64.6 |
1970–1975 | 63.3 | 2005–2010 | 66.0 |
1975–1980 | 64.3 | 2010–2015 | 69.1 |
1980–1985 | 65.9 |
Source: UN World Population Prospects [31]
Kazakhstan's dominant ethnic group, the Kazakhs, traces its origins to the 15th century, when after the disintegration of Golden Horde, numbers of Turkic and Turco-Mongol tribes united to establish the Kazakh Khanate. With a cohesive culture and national identity, they constituted an absolute majority on the land until colonization by the Russian empire.
Russian advances into the territory of Kazakhstan began in the late 18th century, when the Kazakhs nominally accepted Russian rule in exchange for protection against repeated attacks by the western Mongolian Kalmyks. In the 1890s, Russian peasants began to settle on the fertile lands of northern Kazakhstan, causing many Kazakhs to move eastwards into Chinese territory in search of new grazing grounds. The 1906 completion of the Trans-Aral Railway between Orenburg and Tashkent further facilitated Russian colonization. [33] [34]
The first collective farms were formed in Kazakhstan in 1921, populated primarily by Russians and Soviet deportees. In 1930, as part of the first Five Year Plan, the Kazakh Central Committee decreed the sedentarization of nomads and their incorporation into collectivized farms. This movement resulted in devastating famines, claiming the lives of an estimated 40% of ethnic Kazakhs (1.5 million), between 1930 and 1933. [35] Hundreds of thousands also fled to China, Iran and Afghanistan. The famine made Kazakhs a minority of the population of Kazakhstan, and only after the republic gained independence in 1991 did Kazakhs have a slim demographic majority within Kazakhstan. [33]
Demographics did shift in the 1950s and 1960s, when, as part of Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign, hundreds of thousands of Soviet citizens relocated to the Kazakh steppes in order to farm. As recognized in the 1959 census, the Kazaks became the second-largest ethnic group in Kazakhstan for the first time in recorded history, comprising just 30% of the total population of Kazakhstan. Russians numbered 42.7%. [36]
Since the Soviet Union's collapse, the numbers of members of European ethnic groups has been falling and Asian groups have been continuously rising. According to 2024 estimates, the ethnic composition of Kazakhstan was approximately: 71% Kazakh, 14.9% Russian, 3.3% Uzbek, 1.9% Ukrainian, 1.5% Uyghur, 1.1% Tatar, 1.1% German, and <1% Korean, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Belarusian, Dungan, Kurdish, Tajik, Polish, Kyrgyz, Chechen. [37] According to 2021 Census, composition of child population was 79% Kazakh and 9.1% Russian. [38]
Census year | Kazakhs | Russians | Uzbeks | Ukrainians | Uygurs | Tatars | Germans | Koreans | Turks | Azerbaijanis | Belarusians | Poles | Chechens | Dungans | Tajiks | Kurds | Kyrgyz | Others | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
# | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
1897 [lower-alpha 1] [39] | 3,392,751 | 454,402 | 29,564 | — | — | — | — | 55,984 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
1926 [40] | 3,627,612 | 1,275,055 | 129,407 | 860,201 | 11,631 | 79,758 | 51,094 | 42 | 46 | 20 | 25,584 | 3,742 | 3 | 8,455 | 7,599 | — | — | 10,200 | 108,016 | 6,198,465 | |||||||||||||||||
1939 [41] | 2,327,625 | 2,458,687 | 120,655 | 658,319 | 35,409 | 108,127 | 92,571 | 96,453 | 523 | 12,996 | 31,614 | 54,809 | 2,639 | 7,415 | 11,229 | 2,387 | 5,033 | 124,611 | 6,151,102 | ||||||||||||||||||
1959 [42] | 2,794,966 | 3,974,229 | 136,570 | 762,131 | 59,840 | 191,802 | 659,800 | 74,019 | 9,916 | 38,362 | 107,463 | 53,102 | 130,232 | 9,980 | 8,075 | 6,109 | 6,810 | 286,441 | 9,309,847 | ||||||||||||||||||
1970 [43] | 4,161,164 | 5,499,826 | 207,514 | 930,158 | 120,784 | 281,849 | 839,649 | 78,078 | 18,397 | 56,166 | 197,592 | 61,355 | 34,492 | 17,283 | 7,166 | 12,299 | 9,474 | 315,347 | 12,848,573 | ||||||||||||||||||
1979 [44] | 5,289,349 | 5,991,205 | 263,295 | 897,964 | 147,943 | 312,626 | 900,207 | 91,984 | 25,820 | 73,345 | 181,491 | 61,136 | 38,256 | 22,491 | 19,293 | 17,692 | 9,352 | 340,834 | 14,684,283 | ||||||||||||||||||
1989 [45] | 6,534,616 | 6,227,549 | 332,017 | 896,240 | 185,301 | 327,982 | 957,518 | 103,315 | 49,567 | 90,083 | 182,601 | 59,956 | 49,507 | 30,165 | 25,514 | 25,425 | 14,112 | 372,996 | 16,464,464 | ||||||||||||||||||
1999 | 8,011,452 | 4,480,675 | 370,765 | 547,065 | 210,377 | 249,052 | 353,462 | 99,944 | 75,950 | 78,325 | 111,924 | 47,302 | 31,802 | 36,945 | 25,673 | 32,764 | 10,925 | 206,879 | 14,981,281 | ||||||||||||||||||
2009 | 10,096,763 | 3,793,764 | 456,997 | 333,031 | 224,713 | 204,229 | 178,409 | 100,385 | 97,015 | 85,292 | 66,476 | 34,057 | 31,431 | 51,944 | 36,277 | 38,325 | 23,274 | 157,215 | 16,009,597 | ||||||||||||||||||
2021 [46] | 13,497,891 | 2,981,946 | 614,047 | 387,327 | 290,337 | 197,489 | 226,092 | 107,569 | 85,478 | 145,615 | 76,484 | 35,319 | 33,557 | 78,817 | 49,827 | 47,880 | 34,184 | 285,275 | 19,186,015 | ||||||||||||||||||
estimate 2024 [32] | 14,220,321 | 2,983,317 | 660,564 | 375,914 | 301,584 | 219,201 | 224,343 | 120,262 | 90,015 | 152,847 | 75,048 | 34,569 | 34,698 | 83,948 | 55,873 | 50,264 | 38,596 | 312,478 | 20,033,842 |
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As of 1 May 2024, Latvia had a total population of 1,862,700. Demographic features of the population of the historical territory of Latvia include population density, ethnic background, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
The Ossetians, also known as Ossetes, Ossets, and Alans, are an Iranian ethnic group who are indigenous to Ossetia, a region situated across the northern and southern sides of the Caucasus Mountains. They natively speak Ossetic, an Eastern Iranian language of the Indo-European language family, with most also being fluent in Russian as a second language.
The 1989 Soviet census, conducted between 12 and 19 January of that year, was the final census carried out in the Soviet Union. The census found the total population to be 286,730,819 inhabitants. In 1989, the Soviet Union ranked as the third most populous in the world, above the United States, although it was well below China and India.
Turks in Ukraine are people of Turkish ethnicity living in Ukraine. The first Turkish settlement started during the Ottoman rule of Ukraine. In addition, there has been modern migration to the country largely formed of Meskhetian Turks, followed by immigrants from Turkey and Turkish communities from other post-Ottoman territories, such as Turkish Cypriots from Northern Cyprus.
The Chechen diaspora is a term used to collectively describe the communities of Chechen people who live outside of Chechnya; this includes Chechens who live in other parts of Russia. There are also significant Chechen populations in other subdivisions of Russia.
Turks in Kazakhstan are ethnic Turks who live in Kazakhstan, mostly from Meskheti after the Deportation of the Meskhetian Turks.
Turks in Uzbekistan are ethnic Turks who live in Uzbekistan.
The Kurds in Azerbaijan form a part of the historically significant Kurdish population in the post-Soviet space. Kurds established a presence in the Caucasus with the establishment of the Kurdish Shaddadid dynasty in the 10th and 11th centuries. Some Kurdish tribes were recorded in Karabakh by the end of the sixteenth century. However, virtually the entire contemporary Kurdish population in the modern Azerbaijan descends from migrants from 19th-century Qajar Iran.
Turks in the former Soviet Union were a relatively small minority within the Soviet Union when excluding Turks of Azerbaijan, Oguz Turks and other Turkish groups. However, their presence is considered important within Turkology due to the deportation of thousands of Turks from their home countries. Under the Ottoman Empire, Samtskhe-Javakheti was heavily Islamised producing a Turkish ethnicity within the southwestern region of Georgia. In November 1944, up to 120,000 of these Turks were deported to Central Asia under the rule of Joseph Stalin.
Ingiloys are an ethnographic subgroup of Georgians who speak the Ingiloy dialect of Georgian. Ingiloys are indigenous to Saingilo, a cultural and historical region located in the northwest of present-day Azerbaijan.
Russians in Azerbaijan are the second largest ethnic minority in Azerbaijan and is also the largest Russian community in the South Caucasus and one of the largest outside of Russia. Although in decline, the community still numbers 71,000 people as of 2019. Since their arrival at the beginning of the 19th century, the Russians have played an important role in all spheres of life, particularly during the Czarist and Soviet period, especially in the capital city of Baku.
The Kurds in Georgia form a major part of the historically significant Kurdish population in the post-Soviet space, and are members of the eponymous ethnic group that are citizens of Georgia. In the 20th century, most Kurds fled religious persecution in the Ottoman Empire to the Russian Empire. The return of their Kurdish surnames needs effort according to a Kurdish activist in Georgia. The Kurds also have their own schools, school books and a printing press in Georgia. Illiteracy among them disappeared in the early 1900s. Kurds in Georgia are politically neutral; however, in 1999 they staged a huge demonstration in Tbilisi, demanding the release of the founder of the Kurdistan Workers' Party, Abdullah Öcalan. Kurds in Georgia today use Cyrillic script. Earlier, in the 1920s, they used the Latin script.
Armenians in the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania settled there mostly during the Soviet occupation of the Baltic States, although some of the first settlers arrived during the Russian Empire's rule in the Baltics.
Kurds in Russia form a major part of the historically significant Kurdish population in the post-Soviet space, with close ties to the Kurdish communities in the Caucasus and Central Asia.
The Kurds in Turkmenistan form a part of the historically significant Kurdish population in the post-Soviet space, and encompass people born in or residing in Turkmenistan who are of Kurdish origin. In the 17th century, Abbas I of Persia and Nader Shah settled Kurdish tribes from Khuzestan alongside the Iranian-Turkmen border. More Kurds arrived to Turkmenistan in the 19th century to find unclaimed land and to escape starvation.
Azerbaijanis in Kazakhstan are part of the Azerbaijani diaspora. They are Kazakh citizens and permanent residents of ethnic Azerbaijani background. According to the 2009 census, there were 85,292 ethnic Azerbaijanis living in Kazakhstan; Azerbaijanis comprised 0.5% of Kazakhstan's population and were the country's tenth-largest ethnic minority.
Tatars in Azerbaijan are Azerbaijani citizens and people of Tatar origin. According to the 2009 census, 25,882 Tatars live in the Republic of Azerbaijan. This is 0.29% of the total population.
Accurate or reliable data for historical populations of Armenians is scarce, but scholars and institutions have proposed estimates for different periods.
The 1939 Soviet census, conducted from January 17 to January 26, succeeded the 1937 Soviet census that was declared invalid. It happened only two years after the previous census, due to the failure of the preceding one.
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: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)For current data, use these sites.