Demographics of Luxembourg

Last updated

Demographics of Luxembourg
Luxembourg single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population672,050 (2024 est.)
Growth rate1.64% (2022 est.)
Birth rate11.61 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate7.21 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy82.98 years
  male80.52 years
  female85.58 years (2022 est.)
Fertility rate1.63 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate3.25 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate12.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years16.73%
65 and over15.37%
Sex ratio
Total1.02 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.06 male(s)/female
Under 151.06 male(s)/female
65 and over0.7 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityLuxembourger
Major ethnicLuxembourger (52.7%)
Language
OfficialLuxembourgish, French, German
SpokenLuxembourgish
Population density in Luxembourg by commune Population density in Luxembourg.png
Population density in Luxembourg by commune
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1821 134,082    
1839 175,223+30.7%
1851 194,719+11.1%
1861 197,731+1.5%
1871 204,028+3.2%
1880 210,507+3.2%
1890 211,481+0.5%
1900 234,674+11.0%
1910 259,027+10.4%
1922 261,643+1.0%
1930 299,782+14.6%
1947 290,992−2.9%
1960 314,889+8.2%
1970 339,841+7.9%
1981 364,302+7.2%
1991 384,634+5.6%
2001 439,539+14.3%
2011 512,353+16.6%
2021 643,941+25.7%
Source: [1] 2020 data [2]

Demographic features of the population of Luxembourg include population density, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Contents

The following is an overview of the demographics of Luxembourg . Demographic topics include basic statistics, most populous cities, and religious affiliation.

The population of Luxembourg as of 1 January 2024 was 672,050 (52.7% Luxembourgers and 47.3% of foreign nationality). [3]

The people of Luxembourg are called Luxembourgers. [4]

Population

The population of Luxembourg in 2024 is 672,050.

Population growth rate

1.8% (2020 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.62 children born/woman (2020 est.)

Life expectancy

Life expectancy at birth in Luxembourg Life expectancy by WBG -Luxembourg -diff.png
Life expectancy at birth in Luxembourg
Period [5] Life expectancy in

Years

PeriodLife expectancy in

Years

1950–195566.01990–199575.8
1955–196067.61995–200077.0
1960–196569.12000–200578.3
1965–197069.82005–201079.5
1970–197570.22010–201581.2
1975–198071.52015–202082.0
1980–198572.92020–202582.8
1985–199074.52025–203083.6

Source: UN World Population Prospects

Age structure

(2020 est.)

Vital statistics

Vital statistics of Luxemburg 1900 till present. Luxemburg vital statistics.png
Vital statistics of Luxemburg 1900 till present.

The following table chronicles factors such as population, birth rates, and death rates in Luxembourg since 1900. [6]

Average populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Fertility rates
1900234,0007,0375,1091,92830.121.98.2
1901236,0007,4444,3003,14431.518.213.3
1902238,0007,4164,4602,95631.118.712.4
1903241,0007,2794,6862,59330.319.510.8
1904243,0007,5354,9522,58331.020.410.6
1905245,0007,4314,8512,58030.319.810.5
1906248,0007,5164,8442,67230.319.610.8
1907250,0007,7384,4823,25630.917.913.0
1908253,0007,6394,9332,70630.219.510.7
1909256,0007,2644,7522,51228.418.69.8
1910258,0007,0654,3212,74427.416.710.6
1911260,0007,1264,8922,23427.418.88.6
1912262,0007,0514,5562,49526.917.49.5
1913264,0007,0094,3832,62626.516.69.9
1914266,0006,7814,4462,33525.516.78.8
1915265,0005,7014,1261,57521.515.65.9
1916264,0004,9584,24671218.816.12.7
1917263,0004,5164,730-21417.118.0-0.8
1918263,0004,4135,611-1,19816.821.4-4.6
1919262,0004,6384,6271117.717.70.0
1920261,0005,6213,4042,21721.613.18.5
1921261,0005,4943,4442,05021.113.27.9
1922262,0005,0943,5381,55619.513.55.9
1923263,0005,4683,5811,88720.813.67.2
1924266,0005,3693,4211,94820.212.97.3
1925268,0005,6193,7911,82821.014.16.8
1926270,0005,6394,1001,53920.915.25.7
1927278,0005,8643,9091,95521.114.17.0
1928287,0006,1144,0172,09721.314.07.3
1929292,0006,2104,5531,65721.315.65.7
1930297,0006,3773,8762,50121.413.08.4
1931300,0005,9883,9712,01720.013.36.7
1932299,0005,2953,9491,34617.713.24.5
1933298,0004,8953,7251,17016.412.53.9
1934298,0004,6653,5351,13015.711.93.8
1935297,0004,5233,74078315.212.62.6
1936298,0004,5143,4331,08115.211.53.6
1937299,0004,5143,55595915.111.93.2
1938301,0004,4863,81167514.912.72.2
1939300,0004,5113,80470715.012.72.4
1940296,0003,9593,58037913.412.11.3
1941292,0004,0294,065-3613.813.9-0.1
1942290,0004,5064,22028615.614.61.0
1943289,0004,2774,437-16014.815.4-0.6
1944285,0004,1285,406-1,27814.518.9-4.5
1945284,0003,7754,585-81013.316.2-2.9
1946286,0004,2633,52573814.912.32.6
1947289,0004,1783,54863014.512.32.2
1948292,0004,1623,40076214.311.62.6
1949294,0004,0263,67635013.712.51.2
1950296,0004,1163,40171513.911.52.4
1951297,0004,1763,45672014.011.62.4
1952299,0004,5353,55797815.211.93.3
1953301,0004,5653,73782815.212.42.7
1954303,0004,7133,4211,29215.611.34.3
1955305,0004,9623,4531,50916.311.35.0
1956307,0004,8333,87895515.812.63.12.08
1957309,0004,9543,8111,14316.112.43.72.13
1958310,0004,9593,5121,44716.011.34.72.13
1959312,0005,0373,6071,43016.111.64.62.16
1960314,0005,0193,7161,30316.011.84.12.37
1961317,0005,1123,6161,49616.111.44.72.42
1962321,0005,1374,0371,10016.012.63.42.41
1963324,0005,1123,9291,18315.812.13.72.37
1964328,0005,2293,8571,37216.011.84.22.40
1965332,0005,2974,0571,24016.012.23.72.39
1966334,0005,1944,1331,06115.612.43.22.36
1967335,0004,9574,16679114.812.42.42.25
1968336,0004,7804,13864214.212.31.92.14
1969338,0004,5034,20230113.312.50.92.03
1970339,0004,4764,16830813.212.30.91.97
1971342,0004,5124,4169613.212.90.31.96
1972347,0004,1384,1201811.911.90.11.75
1973351,0003,8474,184-33711.011.9-1.01.58
1974355,0003,9254,291-36611.112.1-1.01.57
1975359,0003,9974,376-37911.112.2-1.11.55
1976361,0003,9154,507-59210.812.5-1.61.48
1977362,0004,0534,083-3011.211.3-0.11.49
1978362,0004,0724,187-11511.211.6-0.31.47
1979363,0004,0783,9859311.211.00.31.47
1980364,0004,1694,1135611.411.30.21.50
1981365,0004,4144,10530912.111.20.81.55
1982366,0004,3004,13316711.811.30.51.49
1983366,0004,1854,1295611.411.30.21.44
1984366,0004,1924,07212011.511.10.31.42
1985367,0004,1044,0277711.211.00.21.38
1986368,0004,3093,97033911.710.80.91.44
1987371,0004,2384,01222611.410.80.61.39
1988374,0004,6033,84076312.310.32.01.51
1989378,0004,6653,98468112.410.61.81.52
1990382,0004,9363,7731,16312.99.93.01.62
1991387,0004,9863,7441,24212.99.73.21.60
1992392,0005,1494,0221,12713.110.32.91.67
1993397,0005,3533,9151,43813.59.83.61.69
1994403,0005,4513,8001,65113.59.44.11.72
1995409,0005,4213,7971,62413.39.34.01.67
1996414,0005,6893,8951,79413.79.44.31.76
1997419,0005,5033,9371,56613.19.43.71.71
1998425,0005,3863,9011,48512.79.23.51.67
1999430,0005,5823,7931,78913.08.84.21.71
2000436,0005,7233,7541,96913.18.64.51.78
2001442,0005,4593,7191,74012.48.43.91.66
2002446,0005,3453,7441,60112.08.43.61.63
2003452,0005,3034,0531,25011.79.02.81.62
2004458,0005,4523,5781,87411.97.84.11.66
2005465,0005,3713,6211,75011.57.83.81.62
2006473,0005,5143,7661,74811.78.03.71.64
2007480,0005,4773,8661,61111.48.13.41.61
2008489,0005,5963,5952,00111.57.44.11.60
2009498,0005,6383,6571,98211.37.34.01.59
2010507,0005,8743,7602,11411.67.44.21.63
2011518,0005,6393,8191,82010.97.43.51.51
2012531,0006,0263,8762,15011.47.34.11.57
2013543,0006,1153,8222,29311.27.04.21.55
2014556,0006,0703,8412,22910.96.94.01.50
2015576,0006,1153,9832,13210.97.03.91.47
2016590,0006,0503,9672,08310.46.83.61.40
2017602,0006,1744,2631,91110.47.13.31.39
2018608,0006,2744,3181,95610.37.13.21.38
2019613,9006,2304,2831,94710.06.93.11.34
2020626,1006,4594,6091,85010.27.32.91.37
2021634,7306,6904,4892,20110.47.03.41.38
2022645,3976,4954,4492,0469.86.73.11.31
2023660,8096,3204,4311,8899.56.62.91.25

Current vital statistics

[7] [8]

PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January - September 20224,6863,313+1,373
January - September 20234,5943,252+1,342
DifferenceDecrease2.svg -92 (−1.96%)Decrease Positive.svg -61 (−1.84%)Decrease2.svg -31

Structure of the population

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.I.2021): [9]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total319 456315 274634 730100
0–416 90016 35533 2555.24
5–917 64116 61834 2595.40
10–1417 29116 59033 8815.34
15–1917 17915 89233 0715.21
20–2419 97518 73938 7146.10
25–2924 37323 22747 6007.50
30–3425 94725 10351 0508.04
35–3924 79824 58749 3857.78
40–4424 40023 79048 1907.59
45–4923 72822 53346 2617.29
50–5424 32422 63346 9577.40
55–5922 78921 07043 8596.91
60–6418 03417 47735 5115.59
65-6913 90414 26628 1704.44
70-7411 17611 82823 0043.62
75-797 5938 84416 4372.59
80-845 2907 49212 7822.01
85-892 8535 0097 8621.24
90-941 1002 4933 5930.57
95-991486578050.13
100-1041067770.01
105-109235<0.01
110+112<0.01
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–1451 83249 563101 39515.97
15–64225 547215 051440 59869.42
65+42 07750 66092 73714.61

Fertility

In 2020, 64% of children born in Luxembourg were to mothers of foreign origin, both from other EU member states and from non-EU countries. [10]

Immigration

COB Luxembourg.PNG

Luxembourg does not formally collect ethnic or racial data of its citizens. [11] The foreign population resident in Luxembourg currently numbers over 313,407, corresponding to 47.43% of the total population (compared to 13.2% in 1961). [3] That means there are currently almost as many immigrants as there are native citizens. These immigrants are overwhelmingly [12] nationals of EU countries (accounting for over 80%), by far the greater part of whom originally come from Portugal, Italy and the two neighbouring countries, France and Belgium. For some years, there has also been a large increase in the number of immigrants and asylum seekers from the countries of Eastern Europe, and especially the new republics to have emerged from the former Yugoslavia (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro). These immigrants include a considerable proportion of young people. Immigrants (especially asylum seekers) have a strong impact on the birth rate, accounting for nearly 50% of births in Luxembourg. The population of Ukrainian immigrants increased dramatically following the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, representing nearly a percent of the total population as of 2023. [13]

A more detailed breakdown by nationality [12] shows that the Portuguese community is still the largest group, accounting for around 30% of the foreign population. The Italian population has been stable for the past ten years at approximately 20,000. Some 80,000 foreigners come from bordering countries (France, Belgium and Germany).

Nationality [14]
1 January 2023
1Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 347,402
2 Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 92,101
3 Flag of Europe.svg Flag of France.svg  France 49,104
4 Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 24,676
5 Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 19,205
6 Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 12,678
7 Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 9,068
8 Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 6,625
9Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 5,238
10 Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 5,130
11Flag of India.svg  India 4,657
12Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 4,295
13 Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 4,268
14 Flag of Europe.svg Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 3,956
15Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 3,924
16Flag of Syria.svg  Syria 3,231
17Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 3,050
18Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 2,806
19Flag of Cape Verde.svg  Cape Verde 2,488
20 Flag of Europe.svg Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 2,372
-Other54,535

Religion

The predominant religion of the Luxembourg population is Roman Catholic, with Protestant, Anglican, Jewish, Muslim and Hindu minorities. According to a 1979 law, the government forbids collection of data on religious practices, but over 90% is estimated to be baptized Catholic (the Virgin Mary is the Patroness of the city of Luxembourg).

The Lutherans are the largest Protestant denomination in the country. Muslims are estimated to number approximately 6000 persons, notably including 1,500 refugees from Montenegro; Orthodox (Albanian, Greek, Montenegrin, Serbian, Russian, and Romanian) adherents are estimated to number approximately 5,000 persons, along with approximately 14,880 Jews. Freedom of religion is provided by the Luxembourg Constitution. [15]

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

Demographics of Luxembourg, Data of FAO, year 2020 Luxembourg demography.png
Demographics of Luxembourg, Data of FAO, year 2020

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook. [16]

Language

census 2011LuxembourgishPortugueseFrenchGermanItalianEnglishDutchSpanishSerbianother
"main language"55,815,712,13,12,92,10,90,80,5
spoken at home64,98831,211,65,17,210,4
use in school79,610,249,139,31,720,46,5
use at the workplace60,514,668,234,24,828,57,3

The linguistic situation in Luxembourg is complicated. The "national language" is Luxembourgish, a West Germanic language based on the same German dialect as in the neighbouring part of Germany. Three languages are used by the administration: Luxembourgish, French and German. French is the only language of legislation [17]

According to the census of 2011, the residents of Luxembourg answer very differently about their use of language, depending on the context (see table). [18]

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