It was created by Grand Ducal decree on 29 August 1846, as the administrator of the country: "The Council of Government administers the country , while complying with laws and regulations (...) The administration of the country being entrusted to the Council of Government, every measure and administrative decision emanates from it, excepting the authorisation or approval of the Grand Duke, in cases determined by the laws and regulations."[1][2]
It meets on a weekly basis to discuss bills to propose to the Chamber of Deputies.[1] It is obliged to deliberate as a group on matters to be submitted to the Grand Duke.[1]
Its decisions are taken by a majority of votes.[1] In case of an even split, the Prime Minister has the casting vote.[1]
All members of the government are responsible for every decision taken by the Council of Government which they agreed with.[1] However, if a minister who makes their disagreement known in the minutes of a Council of Government meeting, they may be freed from their responsibility.[1]
Size and titles
The Constitution of 1868 did not put a limit on the number of members of the government, nor did it provide a title for them.[3] It gave the Grand Duke the freedom to create ministries and to divide up departments according to his needs.[3] In the 19th century and up until the 1930s, the government generally consisted of the Prime Minister and three "administrators-general", or from 1857, "directors-general".[3] The decree of 24 March 1936 changed their titles to "ministers".[3] The growth in the number of ministers came about after the Second World War, when the National Union Government was formed.[3] After this, the government's number of ministers increased in parallel with the growth of the State's scope of activities, and Luxembourg's integration in international politics.[3] At the beginning of the 2009-2013 legislature, the government was composed of 15 ministers.[3]
Minister of Justice Minister Delegate to the Prime Minister, in charge of Media and Communications Minister Delegate to the Prime Minister, in charge of Relations with Parliament
↑ Original text: "Le Conseil de gouvernement administre le pays en se conformant aux lois et règlements. (...) L'administration du pays étant confiée au Conseil de gouvernement, toute mesure ou décision administrative émane de lui, sauf l'autorisation ou l'approbation du Grand-Duc, dans les cas déterminés par les lois ou règlements."
Luxembourg is a parliamentary representative democratic monarchy, whereby the prime minister is the head of government, and the multi-party system. Executive power is under the constitution of 1868, as amended, exercised by the government, by the grand duke and the Council of Government (cabinet), which consists of a prime minister and several other ministers. Usually, the prime minister is the leader of the political party or coalition of parties having the most seats in parliament. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
The national flag of Luxembourg consists of three horizontal stripes, red, white and light blue, and can be in 1:2 or 3:5 ratio. It was first used between 1845 and 1848 and officially adopted in 1993. It is informally called in the country, «rout, wäiß, blo».
A decree is a legal proclamation, usually issued by a head of state such as the president of a republic, or a monarch, according to certain procedures. It has the force of law. The particular term used for this concept may vary from country to country. The executive orders made by the President of the United States, for example, are decrees.
The current Constitution of France was adopted on 4 October 1958. It is typically called the Constitution of the Fifth Republic(French: Constitution de la Ve République), and it replaced the Constitution of the Fourth Republic of 1946 with the exception of the preamble per a 1971 decision of the Constitutional Council. The current Constitution regards the separation of church and state, democracy, social welfare, and indivisibility as core principles of the French state.
The Official Journal of the French Republic, also known as the JORF or JO, is the government gazette of the French Republic. It publishes the major legal official information from the national Government of France, the French Parliament and the French Constitutional Council.
The Constitutional Council is the highest constitutional authority in France. It was established by the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958 to ensure that constitutional principles and rules are upheld. It is housed in the Palais-Royal in Paris. Its main activity is to rule on whether proposed statutes conform with the Constitution, after they have been voted by Parliament and before they are signed into law by the President of the Republic, or passed by the government as a decree, which has law status in many domains, a right granted to the government under delegation of Parliament.
Same-sex marriage has been legal in Luxembourg since 1 January 2015. A bill for the legalisation of same-sex marriages was enacted by the Chamber of Deputies on 18 June 2014 and signed into law by Grand Duke Henri on 4 July. Partnerships have also been available in Luxembourg since November 2004.
French law has a dual jurisdictional system comprising private law, also known as judicial law, and public law.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Luxembourg have the same legal rights as non-LGBT people. Partnerships, which grant many of the benefits of marriage, have been recognised since 2004. In June 2014, the Luxembourgish Parliament passed a law enabling same-sex marriage and adoption rights, which took effect on 1 January 2015. Additionally, discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and "change of sex" in employment, healthcare and the provision of goods and services is outlawed, and transgender people are allowed to change their legal gender on the basis of self-determination.
The Constitution of Luxembourg is the supreme law of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. The modern constitution was adopted on 17 October 1868.
The Juncker–Poos Government was the government of Luxembourg between 26 January 1995 and 7 August 1999. It was led by, and named after, Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker and Deputy Prime Minister Jacques Poos.
The spokesperson of the Government is the minister in charge of the public relations of the Government of France.
The Constituent Assembly of Luxembourg was a constituent assembly called in 1848 in Luxembourg to write and pass a new national constitution.
The politics of France take place with the framework of a semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the French Fifth Republic. The nation declares itself to be an "indivisible, secular, democratic, and social Republic". The constitution provides for a separation of powers and proclaims France's "attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of National Sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789".
The First Bettel Government was the ruling government of Luxembourg from 4 December 2013 to 5 December 2018. It was led by Prime Minister Xavier Bettel and Deputy Prime Minister Etienne Schneider. It was formed on 4 December 2013, after the 2013 election which saw all 60 seats in the Chamber of Deputies renewed. The government was a traffic light coalition between the Democratic Party (DP), the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) and The Greens. It was succeeded by second Bettel Government on 5 December 2018.
The Council of Luxembourg was the central institution in the government of the Duchy of Luxembourg from 1444 to 1795, in direct descent from the medieval council of the dukes. It was a body that had both administrative and judicial authority. The council was reorganized by Charles V in 1531–1532. Until 1782, legal decisions of the council could be appealed to the Great Council of Mechelen. On 1 August 1782 the council was made "sovereign", that is, the highest court in its jurisdiction.
The deputy prime minister of France is a position which existed at times in the government of France between 1871 and 1958. It was titled vice president of the Council of Ministers, or vice president of the Council for short.
The Order of the Resistance 1940–1944 is a civil decoration of the Luxembourg. Established by Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg by decree on March 30, 1946, the order recognizes civilians who, in the German occupation of Luxembourg during World War II, distinguished themselves particularly in the service of the national or allied cause, or by brilliant acts of resistance, courage, and dedication. Those recognized could be awarded a cross or a medal by the monarch of Luxembourg with the recommendation of the Prime Minister and the Council for the Remembrance of the Resistance. In 2003, it was determined that the cross could only be awarded posthumously and the medal would no longer be awarded.
De Roude Léiw is the common name used for the civil ensign of Luxembourg. It can also refer more specifically to the heraldic animal of Luxembourg, which is often used as an emblem or mascot for various institutions and symbols related to Luxembourg.
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